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81 indignité
ɛ̃diɲite1) ( caractère) despicableness2) ( action) despicable act, disgraceful act* * *ɛ̃diɲite nf1) (= caractère) unworthiness no pl2) (= acte) shameful act* * *indignité nf1 ( caractère) despicableness;2 ( action) despicable act, disgraceful act.indignité nationale national unworthiness (sentence passed on French collaborators involving the loss of civil liberties); indignité successorale Jur exclusion of an heir from the succession.[ɛ̃diɲite] nom féminin2. [acte] shameful ou disgraceful act3. DROIT4. HISTOIRE -
82 parti
I.parti1 [paʀti]1. masculine nouna. ( = groupe) partyb. ( = solution) option• prendre parti pour qn ( = donner raison à qn) to stand up for sb• prendre parti (dans une affaire) ( = dire ce qu'on pense) to take a stand (on an issue)c. ( = personne à marier) match• beau or bon or riche parti good match2. compounds► parti pris ( = préjugé) prejudice• parti pris artistique/esthétique ( = choix) artistic/aesthetic choice━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━Among the many active right-wing political parties in France, one of the most prominent is the UMP (« Union pour un mouvement populaire »). On the centre right is the MODEM (Mouvement démocrate), and the foremost extreme right-wing party is the FN (« Front National »). On the left, the most influential party is the PS (« Parti socialiste »). The PCF (« Parti communiste français ») has lost a lot of ground and new parties such as the PG (« Parti de gauche ») and the MRG (« Mouvement radical de gauche ») have emerged. The LO (« Lutte ouvrière ») and the NPA (« Nouveau parti anticapitaliste ») are both extreme left-wing parties. The most prominent of France's ecological parties is « Europe écologie-Les Verts ». → ÉLECTIONS━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━II.( = ivre) tipsy* * *
1.
être parti — to be tight (colloq)
être complètement parti — to be plastered (colloq)
2.
nom masculin1) ( groupe de personnes) group; Politique party2) ( solution) optionprendre parti pour/contre quelque chose — to be for/against something
3) (dated) ( personne à marier) suitable match•Phrasal Verbs:••tirer parti de — to take advantage of [situation]; to turn [something] to good account [leçon, invention]
* * *paʀti nm1) POLITIQUE party2) (= décision)prendre le parti de faire — to make up one's mind to do, to resolve to do
prendre parti pour — to take sides for, to take a stand for
prendre parti pour — to take sides against, to take a stand against
prendre le parti de qn — to stand up for sb, to side with sb
3) (= personne à marier) match4)tirer parti de — to take advantage of, to turn to good account
* * *A ○adj ( ivre) être parti to be tight○; être un peu parti to be tipsy○; être complètement parti to be plastered○.B nm1 ( groupe de personnes) group; le parti des mécontents the dissatisfied;2 Pol party; les partis de l'opposition the opposition parties; avoir la carte d'un parti to be a card-carrying member of a party; le système du parti unique the one-party system;3 ( solution) option; hésiter entre deux partis to hesitate between two options; prendre parti to commit oneself (sur qch on sth); prendre parti pour qn to take sb's side; prendre parti contre qn to be against sb; prendre parti pour/contre qch to be for/against sth; prendre le parti de qn to side with sb (contre qn against sb); prendre le parti de qch to opt for sth; prendre le parti de faire to decide to do; il a pris le parti de ne rien dire he decided not to say anything; ne pas savoir quel parti prendre not to know what to do for the best;4 †( personne à marier) suitable match; être un beau or bon parti [homme] to be an eligible bachelor; [homme, femme] to be a catch○.C partie nf1 ( élément d'un tout) gén part; (d'une somme, d'un salaire) proportion, part; une partie de la population/des électeurs a proportion ou section of the population/of the voters; une partie des bénéfices/salaires a proportion of the profits/wages; les parties du corps the parts of the body; la première/deuxième partie de the first/second part of [livre, film, spectacle]; un feuilleton en six parties a television serial in six parts; une bonne or grande partie de a good ou large number of [personnes, objets, éléments]; a high proportion of [masse, ensemble, ressources]; la majeure partie des gens most people; la majeure partie de la population/des cas the majority of the population/of cases; en partie partly, in part; en grande partie to a large ou great extent; pour partie liter partly, in part; tout ou partie de all or part of; se faire rembourser tout ou partie des frais to have all or some of one's expenses paid; faire partie de to be part of [groupe, processus, idéologie, pays]; il fait partie de la famille he's one of the family; faire partie des premiers/derniers to be among the first/last; cela fait partie de leurs avantages that's one of their advantages; faire partie du passé to belong to the past; être or faire partie intégrante de qch to be an integral part of sth;2 ( division de l'espace) part; dans cette partie du monde/de l'Afrique in this part of the world/of Africa; la partie est/ouest de Jérusalem the eastern/western part of Jerusalem;3 ( division temporelle) part; il a plu une partie de la journée/nuit it rained for part of the day/night; ça m'a occupé une bonne partie de la matinée it took me a good part of the morning; il leur consacre une partie de son temps libre he devotes some of his free time to them; elle passe la majeure partie de son temps au travail/à dormir she spends most of her time at work/sleeping;4 ( profession) line (of work); dans ma partie in my line (of work); il est de la partie it's in his line (of work); je ne suis pas du tout de la partie that's not at all in my line;5 ⇒ Les jeux et les sports Jeux, Sport game; une partie de poker/de billard/d'échecs a game of poker/of billiards/of chess; une partie de tennis a game of tennis; une partie de cache-cache a game of hide-and-seek; une partie de golf a round of golf; faire or jouer une partie to have a game; la partie qui se joue entre les deux pays est difficile fig the ongoing situation between the two countries is tense; gagner/perdre une partie Jeux, Sport to win/lose a game; gagner/perdre la partie fig to win/lose the day; abandonner la partie Jeux, Sport to abandon the game; fig to give up (the fight); avoir la partie belle or facile fig to have an easy time of it; être de la partie fig to be in on it○; je fête mes trente ans, j'espère que tu seras de la partie I'm having a thirtieth birthday party, I hope you can come; nous ne pouvons pas venir à votre fête mais ce n'est que partie remise we can't make it to your party but maybe next time;6 (dans une négociation, un contrat) party; les parties en présence/conflit the parties (involved)/the opposing parties; les parties contractantes/concernées the contracting/interested parties; les deux parties ont signé un accord the two parties signed an agreement; les parties belligérantes the warring parties ou factions; être partie prenante dans qch to be actively involved in [conflit, contrat, négociation];7 Jur party; la partie adverse the opposing party;8 Mus part; la partie de soprano/basse the soprano/bass part;9 Math part.D parties○ nfpl privates○.parti pris bias; parti pris esthétique/politique aesthetic/political bias; parti pris de réalisme/modernité bias toward(s) realism/modernity; Parti conservateur Conservative Party; Parti communiste, PC Communist Party; Parti communiste français, PCF French Communist Party; Parti démocrate Democrat Party; Parti républicain Republican Party; Parti socialiste, PS Socialist Party; Parti travailliste Labour Party; partie carrée○ wife-swapping party; partie de chasse Chasse hunting party; partie civile Jur plaintiff; l'avocat de la partie civile the counsel for the plaintiff; se constituer or porter partie civile to take civil action; partie du discours Ling part of speech; partie fine orgy; partie de jambes en l'air○ legover◑ GB, screw◑; partie de pêche fishing trip; partie de plaisir fun; tu parles d'une partie de plaisir! iron that's not my idea of fun!; parties génitales or honteuses† private parts.prendre son parti de qch to come to terms with sth; tirer parti de qch to take advantage of [situation, événement]; to turn [sth] to good account [leçon, invention]; faire un mauvais parti à qn to ill-treat sb; avoir affaire à forte partie to have a tough opponent; prendre qn à partie to take sb to task; ⇒ lier.ⓘ Partis politiques In general, French political parties reflect a basic left/right divide. On the left, the main parties are the parti socialiste (PS) and the parti communiste français ( PCF) while the principal parties on the right are the Rassemblement pour la République ( RPR) and the Union pour la démocratie française ( UDF). These two groups regularly run a joint list known as the Alliance pour la France as part of an electoral pact. There are in addition more extreme groupings at both ends of the political spectrum. Beyond the left/right divide generally, the ecological movement is represented by Les Verts and Génération Écologie.III[parti] nom masculin1. POLITIQUEle parti communiste/conservateur/démocrate/républicain/socialiste the Communist/Conservative/Democratic/Republican/Socialist Partyles partis de droite/gauche the parties of the right/left, the right-wing/left-wing partiesprendre le parti de faire quelque chose to make up one's mind to do something, to decide to do somethingprendre parti [prendre position] to take sides ou a standprendre parti pour/contre quelque chose to come out for/against somethingprendre parti pour quelqu'un to side ou to take sides with somebodyen prendre son parti: elle ne sera jamais musicienne, il faut que j'en prenne mon/qu'elle en prenne son parti she'll never be a musician, I'll/she'll just have to accept it3. [avantage]a. [situation] to take advantage ofb. [équipement] to put to good useelle ne sait pas tirer parti de ses qualifications she doesn't know how to get the most out of her qualifications4. (humoristique) [personne à marier]c'est un beau ou bon parti he's/she's a good match————————parti pris nom masculin1. [prise de position] commitmentavoir un parti pris de modernisme/clarté to be committed to modernism/clear-thinking2. [préjugé] biasje n'ai aucun parti pris contre le tennis professionnel, mais... I'm not biased against professional tennis, but...être sans parti pris to be unbiased ou objectiveje dirais, sans parti pris, qu'elle est la meilleure without any bias on my part, I'd say that she's the best -
83 программа программ·а
programme, scheme; program амер.отменить программу — to annul / to scrap a programme
разрабатывать / составлять программу — to draw up a programme, to programme
всеобъемлющая программа — all-embracing / comprehensive programme
долгосрочная программа — long-range / long-term programme
комплексная программа (развития, сотрудничества и т.п.) — comprehensive programme
Мировая продовольственная программа, МПП — World Food Programme, WFP
расширенная программа — broadened / comprehensive / expanded programme
экспериментальная программа, программа выпуска опытной продукции — pilot programme
программа безвозмездных / даровых поставок — give-away programme
"П. демократии и открытой дипломатии" (США) — "Program of Democracy and Public Diplomacy"
программа, заслуживающая одобрения — laudable programme
программа, имеющая большое значение — meaningful programme
программа маркетинга / организации сбыта продукции эк. — marketing programme
программа мероприятий (особ. детальная) — scenario
программа мира — peace programme, programme for peace
Программа ООН по окружающей среде, ЮНЕП — United Nations Environment Programme, UNEP
программа по сокращению расходов на закупки военной техники и имущества — procurement-and-logistics cost reduction program амер.
программа производства вооружений и предметов военно-технического снабжения — munitions programme
программа поэтапной ликвидации ядерного оружия — programme for the step-by-step elimination of nuclear weapons
программа работы — order of business, programme of work
программа развития научно-технического сотрудничества — programme for the development of scientific and technical cooperation
Программа развития ООН, ПРООН — United Nations Development Programme, UNDP
программа развития экономического сотрудничества — programme for the development of economic cooperation
Программа стратегической оборонной инициативы, СОИ амер. — Strategic Defence Initiative Programme, SDIP
программа, требующая строгой экономии — austerity programme
Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > программа программ·а
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84 сфера сфер·а
sphere, field, area, domain, realm, lineсфера бытового обслуживания — everyday repair service / industry
сфера деятельности — field / walk / province of action, scope / sphere of (smb.'s) activity / action
расширение сферы деятельности международных организаций — widening scope of international organizations
сфера жизненных интересов — sphere of (smb.'s) vital interests
сфера материального производства — material / production sphere
сфера неизвестного / неразгаданного — no man's land
сферы общественной жизни — areas / spheres / fields of social life
сфера приложения капитала — sphere / field of capital investment
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85 забастовка
1. industrial actionтрудовой конфликт; забастовка — industrial dispute
объявлять забастовку, бастовать — to take direct action
2. industrial dispute3. tie-up4. turn-out5. walkout6. walk-out7. strike; walkoutСинонимический ряд:стачка (сущ.) стачка -
86 ἀγών
ἀγών [ᾰ], ῶνος, ὁ, [dialect] Aeol. [full] ἄγωνος, ου, ὁ, Alc.121 (also [name] E.ap.Sch.Il. Oxy.1087.60); Elean dat. pl.A : ([etym.] ἄγω):—gathering, assembly,ἵζανεν εὐρὺν ἀ. Il.23.258
;λῦτο δ' ἀ. 24.1
, cf. Od.8.200;νεῶν ἐν ἀγῶνι Il.15.428
, cf. Eust.1335.57: esp. assembly met to see games, freq. in Il.23; Ὑπερβορέων ἀ. Pi P.10.30;κοινοὺς ἀ. θέντες A. Ag. 845
.2 place of contest, lists, course,βήτην ἐς μέσσον ἀ. Il.23.685
, cf. 531, Od.8.260, Hes.Sc. 312, Pi.P.9.114, and esp. Th.5.50: prov., ἔξω ἀγῶνος out of the lists or course, i.e. beside the mark, Pi. P.1.44, Luc.Anach.21: pl.,κατ' ἀγῶνας Od.8.259
.II assembly of the Greeks at the national games,ὁ ἐν Ὀλυμπίῃ ἀ. Hdt.6.127
;ὁ Ὀλυμπικὸς ἀ. Ar.Pl. 583
;Ἑλλάδος πρόσχημ' ἀ. S.El. 682
, cf. 699:— hence, contest for a prize at the games, ἀ. γυμνικός, ἱππικός, μουσικός, Hdt.2.91, Pl.Lg. 658a, Ar.Pl. 1163, cf. Th.3.104;οἱ τῶν λαμπάδων ἀ. Arist.Ath.57.1
; ἀ. τῶν ἀνδρῶν contest in which the chorus was composed of men, opp. to παίδων or ἀγενείων (q.v.), D.21.18, etc.; ἀ. στεφανηφόρος or στεφανίτης contest where the prize is a crown, Hdt.5.102, Arist.Rh. 1357a19; ἀ. χάλκεος, where it is a shield of brass, Pi.N.10.22;ἀ. θεματικός IG14.739
([place name] Naples);ἀργυρίτης δωρίτης Plu.2.820d
:—hence many phrases, ἀγῶνα καταστῆσαι establish a contest, Isoc.4.1;τιθέναι Hdt.5.8
;ποιεῖν Th.3.104
;οὐ λόγων τοὺς ἀ. προθήσοντες Id.3.67
;προηγόρευέ τε ἀγῶνας καὶ ἆθλα προυτίθει X. Cyr.8.2.26
;προκαλούμενος ἑαυτὸν εἰς ἀ. Id.Mem.2.3.17
; τοὺς ἀ. νικᾶν ib.3.7.1;ἐν τοῖς ἀγῶσι Isoc.15.301
; of contests in general,εἰς ἀ. λόγων ἀφικέσθαι τινί Pl.Prt. 335a
; πρὸς τίν' ἀγῶνας τιθέμεσθ' ἀρετῆς; E. Ion 863 (lyr.);ἀ. σοφίας Ar.Ra. 883
.III generally, struggle, πολλοὺς ἀ. ἐξιών, of Hercules, S.Tr. 159;ξιφηφόρος ἀ. A.Ch. 584
;εἰς ἀ. τῷδε συμπεσὼν μάχης S.Tr.20
, etc;ὁ Φίλιππος, πρὸς ὀν ἦν ἡμῖν ὁ ἀ. D.18.67
;ποιέειν ἢ παθεῖν πρόκειται ἀ. Hdt.7.11
; ἀληθείην ἀσκέειν ἀ. μέγιστος ib. 209: pl.,πραγμάτων ἀγῶνας κεκτημένων Epicur.Sent.21
;ἄπορος ἀ. Lys.7.2
;ὅπλων ἔκειτ' ἀ. πέρι S.Aj. 936
; and without περί, τῶν Ἀχιλλείων ὅπλων ἀ. ib. 1240; ψυχῆς ἀ. τὸν προκείμενον πέρι struggle for life and death, E.Or. 847, cf. Ph. 1330;πολλοὺς ἀ. δραμέονται περὶ σφέων αὐτῶν Hdt.8.102
;λόγων γὰρ οὐ.. ἁγών, ἀλλὰ σῆς ψυχῆς πέρι S.El. 1492
, cf.infr.5.2 battle, action, Th.2.89, etc.3 action at law, trial, Antipho 6.21, etc., cf. A.Eu. 677, 744; , R. 494e;περὶ τῆς ψυχῆς εἰς ἀγῶνα καταστῆσαί τινα X.Lac.8.4
.4 speech delivered in court or before an assembly or ruler,πρεσβευτικοὶ ἀ. Plb.9.32.4
;τοὺς ἐπιφανεστάτους εἰρηκότος ἀ. τούς τε δικανικοὺς καὶ τοὺς δημηγορικούς D.H.Amm.1.3
, cf. OGI567 (Attalia, ii A.D.);ἀ. ἐσχηματισμένοι D.H. Rh.8.1
, al.b Rhet., main argument of a speech (opp.προοίμιον, ἐπίλογος), in pl., Syr.in Hermog.2.111, 170R., cf. Proll. Hermog.ap. Rh.4.12 W.5 metaph., οὐ λόγων ἔθ' ἁγών now is not the time for words, E.Ph. 588; οὐχ ἕδρας ἀ. 'tis no time for sitting still, Id.Or. 1291; ἀ. πρόφασιν οὐ δέχεται the crisis admits no dallying, Ar.Fr. 331, cf. Pl.Cra. 421d, Lg. 751d; μέγας ὁ ἀ... τὸ χρηστὸν ἢ κακὸν γενέσθαι the issue is great.., Id.R. 608b, cf. E.Med. 235; οὐ περί τινος ὁ ἀ. the question is not about.., Th.3.44.6 mental struggle, anxiety, Th.7.71, Plb.4.56.4, Ep.Col.2.1: in pl.,τρόμοι καὶ ἀ. Plu. Sol.7
.b of speakers, vehemence, power, Longin.15.1, cf. 26.3.IV personified, Ἀγών, divinity of the contest, Paus.5.26.3. -
87 Menzies, Michael
[br]b. end of the seventeenth century Lanarkshire, Scotland (?)d. 13 December 1766 Edinburgh, Scotland[br]Scottish inventor and lawyer.[br]Menzies was admitted as a member of the Faculty of Advocates on 31 January 1719. It is evident from his applications for patents that he was more concerned with inventions than the law, however. He took out his first patent in 1734 for a threshing machine in which a number of flails were attached to a horizontal axis, which was moved rapidly forwards and backwards through half a revolution, essentially imitating the action of an ordinary flail. The grain to be threshed was placed on either side.Though not a practical success, Menzies's invention seems to have been the first for the mechanical threshing of grain. His idea of imitating non-mechanized action also influenced his invention of a coal cutter, for which he took out a patent in 1761 and which copied miners' tools for obtaining coal. He proposed to carry heavy chains down the pit so that they could be used to give motion to iron picks, saws or other chains with cutting implements. The chains could be set into motion by a steam-engine, by water-or windmills, or by horses gins. Although it is quite obvious that this apparatus could not work, Menzies was the first to have thought of mechanizing coal production in the style that was in use in the late twentieth century. Subsequent to Menzies's proposal, many inventors at varying intervals followed this direction until the problem was finally solved one century later by, among others, W.E. Garforth.Menzies had successfully used the power of a steam-engine on the Wear eight years beforehand, when he obtained a patent for raising coal. According to his device a descending bucket filled with water raised a basket of coals, while a steam-engine pumped the water back to the surface; the balance-tub system, in various forms, quickly spread to other coalfields. Menzies's patent from 1750 for improved methods of carrying the coals from the coalface to the pit-shaft had also been of considerable influence: this device employed self-acting inclined planes, whereon the descending loaded wagons hauled up the empty ones.[br]Further ReadingThe article entitled "Michael Menzies" in the Dictionary of National Biography neglects Menzies's inventions for mining. A comprehensive evaluation of his influence on coal cutting is given in the introductory chapter of S.F.Walker, 1902, Coal-Cutting byMachinery, London.WK -
88 автоматический выключатель
- cutout
- circuit-breaker
- circuit breaker
- CB
- breaker
- automatic switch
- automatic cutout
- automatic circuit breaker
- auto-cutout
автоматический выключатель
Механический коммутационный аппарат1), способный включать, проводить и отключать токи при нормальном состоянии электрической цепи, а также включать, проводить в течение заданного времени и автоматически отключать токи в указанном аномальном состоянии электрической цепи, например, при коротком замыкании.
(МЭС 441-14-20)
[ ГОСТ Р 50030. 2-99 ( МЭК 60947-2-98)]
автоматический выключатель
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[IEV number 442-05-01]EN
circuit breaker
a mechanical switching device, capable of making, carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions and also making, carrying for a specified time and breaking currents under specified abnormal circuit conditions such as those of short circuit.
[IEC 62271-100, ed. 2.0 (2008-04)]
[IEV number 442-05-01]
circuit breaker
A device designed to open and close a circuit by nonautomatic means and to open the circuit automatically on a predetermined overcurrent without damage to itself when properly applied within its rating.
NOTE The automatic opening means can be integral, direct acting with the circuit breaker, or remote from the circuit breaker.
Adjustable (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating that the circuit breaker can be set to trip at various values of current, time, or both within a predetermined range. Instantaneous-trip (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating that no delay is purposely introduced in the tripping action of the circuit breaker.
Inverse-time (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating a delay is purposely introduced in the tripping action of the circuit breaker, which delay decreases as the magnitude of the current increases.
Nonadjustable (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating that the circuit breaker does not have any adjustment to alter the value of current at which it will trip or the time required for its operation.
Setting (of a circuit breaker). The value of current, time, or both at which an adjustable circuit breaker is set to trip.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
disjoncteur
1) Должно быть контактный коммутационный аппарат
appareil mécanique de connexion capable d’établir, de supporter et d’interrompre des courants dans les conditions normales du circuit, ainsi que d’établir, de supporter pendant une durée spécifiée et d’in- terrompre des courants dans des conditions anormales spécifiées du circuit telles que celles du court-circuit.
[IEC 62271-100, ed. 2.0 (2008-04)]
[IEV number 442-05-01]
[Интент]КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ
- По роду тока
- По напряжению
- По числу полюсов
- По виду корпуса
- По месту установки
- По изолирующей среде
- По установленным расцепителям
- По дополнительным защитам
- По назначению
- По категории применения
- По виду привода взвода пружины
- По выполняемой функции
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По влиянию монтажного положения
Автоматические выключатели ABB Модульные автоматические выключатели
1. НЕКОТОРЫЕ СВЕДЕНИЯ ОБ АВТОМАТИЧЕСКИХ ВЫКЛЮЧАТЕЛЯХ Автоматический выключатель — это электрический аппарат, который автоматически отключает (и тем самым защищает) электрическую цепь при возникновении в ней аномального режима. Режим становится аномальным, когда в цепи начинает недопустимо изменяться (т. е. увеличиваться или уменьшаться относительно номинального значения) ток или напряжение.
Другими словами (более "инженерно") можно сказать, что автоматический выключатель защищает от токов короткого замыкания и токов перегрузки отходящую от него питающую линию, например, кабель и приемник(и) электрической энергии (осветительную сеть, розетки, электродвигатель и т. п.).
Как правило, автоматический выключатель может применятся также для нечастого (несколько раз в сутки) включения и отключения защищаемых электроприемников (защищаемой нагрузки).
[Интент]Выключатель предназначен для проведения тока в нормальном режиме и отключения тока при коротких замыканиях, перегрузках, недопустимых снижениях напряжения, а также до 30 оперативных включений и отключений электрических цепей в сутки и рассчитан для эксплуатации в электроустановках с номинальным рабочим напряжением до 660 В переменного тока частоты 50 и 60 Гц и до 440 В постоянного тока.
[Типовая фраза из российской технической документации] 2. ПРИНЦИП ДЕЙСТВИЯ Для защиты цепи от короткого замыкания применяется автоматический выключатель с электромагнитным расцепителем.1 - Пружина (в данном случае во взведенном положении растянута)
Автоматический выключатель устроен таким образом, что сначала необходимо взвести пружину и только после этого его можно включить. У многих автоматических выключателей для взвода пружины необходимо перевести ручку вниз. После этого ручку переводят вверх. При этом замыкаются главные контакты.
2 - Главный контакт автоматического выключателя
3 - Удерживающее устройство
4 - Электромагнитный расцепитель;
5 - Сердечник
6 - Катушка
7 - Контактные зажимы автоматического выключателя
На рисунке показан один полюс автоматического выключателя во включенном положении: пружина 1 взведена, а главный контакт 2 замкнут.
Как только в защищаемой цепи возникнет короткое замыкание, ток, протекающий через соответствующий полюс автоматического выключателя, многократно возрастет. В катушке 6 сразу же возникнет сильное магнитное поле. Сердечник 5 втянется в катушку и освободит удерживающее устройство. Под действием пружины 1 главный контакт 2 разомкнется, в результате чего автоматический выключатель отключит и тем самым защитит цепь, в которой возникло короткое замыкание. Такое срабатывание автоматического выключателя происходит практически мгновенно (за сотые доли секунды).
Для защиты цепи от тока перегрузки применяют автоматические выключатели с тепловым расцепителем.1 - Пружина (в данном случае во взведенном положении растянута)
Принцип действия такой же как и в первом случае, с той лишь разницей, что удерживающее устройство 3 освобождается под действием биметаллической пластины 5, которая изгибается от тепла, выделяемого нагревательным элементом 6. Количество тепла определяется током, протекающим через защищаемую цепь.
2 - Главный контакт автоматического выключателя
3 - Удерживающее устройство
4 - Тепловой расцепитель
5 - Биметаллическая пластина
6 - Нагревательный элемент
7 - Контактные зажимы автоматического выключателя
[Интент]Недопустимые, нерекомендуемые
Тематики
Классификация
>>>Обобщающие термины
Действия
- включение автоматического выключателя
- оперирование автоматического выключателя
- отключение автоматического выключателя
- срабатывание автоматического выключателя
EN
- auto-cutout
- automatic circuit breaker
- automatic cutout
- automatic switch
- breaker
- CB
- circuit breaker
- circuit-breaker
- cutout
DE
FR
Смотри также
3.3.4 автоматический выключатель (circuit-breaker): Контактный коммутационный аппарат, способный включать, проводить и отключать токи при нормальных условиях в цепи, а также включать, проводить в течение установленного времени и отключать (автоматически) при указанных аномальных условиях в цепи, таких, как короткое замыкание.
[МЭС 441-14-20] [1]
Источник: ГОСТ Р 51327.1-2010: Выключатели автоматические, управляемые дифференциальным током, бытового и аналогичного назначения со встроенной защитой от сверхтоков. Часть 1. Общие требования и методы испытаний оригинал документа
3.2.5 автоматический выключатель (circuit-breaker): Контактный коммутационный аппарат, способный включать, проводить и отключать токи при нормальных условиях в цепи, а также включать, проводить в течение установленного нормированного времени и отключать токи при указанных ненормальных условиях в цепи, таких как короткое замыкание.
[МЭК 60050(441-14-20)]
Источник: ГОСТ Р 51731-2010: Контакторы электромеханические бытового и аналогичного назначения оригинал документа
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > автоматический выключатель
89 Unterhaltsberechtigter
Unterhaltsberechtigter
[legal] dependant, beneficiary, dependent (US);
• Unterhaltsbeschluss (Gericht) maintenance order (Br.);
• Unterhaltsbetrag amount of maintenance, maintenance allowance, (geschiedene Ehefrau) alimony (US);
• laufender Unterhaltsbetrag permanent alimony;
• Unterhaltsempfänger (Sozialhilfe) recipient of relief, welfare recipient;
• Unterhaltsentzug withholding means of support from dependants;
• Unterhaltsfähigkeit (Scheidung) faculties;
• Unterhaltsfonds alimentary trust, protective (spendthrift, US) trust;
• Unterhaltsforderung claim for maintenance, maintenance claim;
• Unterhaltsfreibetrag dependant relatives allowance (Br.);
• Unterhaltsgeld national (Br.) (public, US) assistance;
• vorläufiges Unterhaltsgeld alimony pendente lite (US);
• Unterhaltsgesetz support law;
• Unterhaltsgewährung granting of public (US) (national, Br.) assistance;
• Unterhaltsklage action for support (US), (uneheliches Kind) bastardy case (US);
• Unterhaltsklage anstrengen to sue for maintenance;
• Unterhaltsklage einreichen to file an affiliation petition;
• Unterhaltskonto maintenance account.90 actual
adj.1 present, current.el actual alcalde the present o current mayorlas tendencias actuales de la moda current fashion trendsel actual campeón del mundo the current o reigning world champion2 modern, present-day.tiene un diseño muy actual it has a very modern o up-to-date design3 topical.un tema muy actual a very topical issue4 indisputable, factual, undeniable.* * *► adjetivo1 present, current2 (actualizado) up-to-date1 formal this month* * *adj.1) current, present2) topical3) up-to-date* * *ADJ1) (=de ahora) [situación, sistema, gobernante] current, present; [sociedad] contemporary, present-day; [moda] current, modernel actual campeón de Europa — the reigning o current o present European champion
la actual literatura francesa — French literature today, present-day French literature
2) (=de actualidad) [cuestión, tema] topical3) (=moderno) up-to-date, fashionableha cambiado su peinado por otro algo más actual — he's changed his hairstyle for a more up-to-date o fashionable one
emplean las técnicas más actuales — they use the most up-to-date o up-to-the-minute techniques, they use the latest techniques
* * *adjetivo present, currentel actual campeón — the current o reigning champion
en el mundo actual — in the modern world, in today's world
su carta del 20 del actual — (Corresp) your letter of the 20th of this month
* * *= alive, current, modern day, present, present-day, timely, fast-breaking, updated [up-dated].Ex. Armstrong Sperry's 'Call It Courage' is now some years old but still to my mind an attractive and alive book.Ex. Current trends favour cataloguing practices which can be applied to a variety of library materials.Ex. In practice modern day catalogue codes are concerned primarily with description and author headings.Ex. We are going to use the data elements defined in the present document as a base from which to begin.Ex. The National Archives must cooperate with agencies involved in federal geoscience to communicate clear records disposition instructions to present-day federal geoscientists.Ex. I believe that the issues brought forth and debated in the following papers and discussions are as timely today as they were when the institutes were first held.Ex. Monitors tuned to television news may have to be located in areas that are less than accommodating to the large numbers of users who want to know the fast-breaking events which affect us all.Ex. Libraries can obtain updated cataloguing through special customised services, but at prohibitively high cost.----* actual campeón, el = defending champion.* contexto actual, el = scheme of things, the.* dejar de ser actual = date.* en el clima actual de = in the present climate of.* en términos actuales = in today's terms.* estatus actual = current status.* informe sobre la situación actual = state of the art report.* líder actual, el = defending champion.* no actual = non-current.* número actual = current issue.* pasado actual, el = living past, the.* situación actual = current situation, current status.* situación actual, la = scheme of things, the.* tendencia actual = current trend.* * *adjetivo present, currentel actual campeón — the current o reigning champion
en el mundo actual — in the modern world, in today's world
su carta del 20 del actual — (Corresp) your letter of the 20th of this month
* * *= alive, current, modern day, present, present-day, timely, fast-breaking, updated [up-dated].Ex: Armstrong Sperry's 'Call It Courage' is now some years old but still to my mind an attractive and alive book.
Ex: Current trends favour cataloguing practices which can be applied to a variety of library materials.Ex: In practice modern day catalogue codes are concerned primarily with description and author headings.Ex: We are going to use the data elements defined in the present document as a base from which to begin.Ex: The National Archives must cooperate with agencies involved in federal geoscience to communicate clear records disposition instructions to present-day federal geoscientists.Ex: I believe that the issues brought forth and debated in the following papers and discussions are as timely today as they were when the institutes were first held.Ex: Monitors tuned to television news may have to be located in areas that are less than accommodating to the large numbers of users who want to know the fast-breaking events which affect us all.Ex: Libraries can obtain updated cataloguing through special customised services, but at prohibitively high cost.* actual campeón, el = defending champion.* contexto actual, el = scheme of things, the.* dejar de ser actual = date.* en el clima actual de = in the present climate of.* en términos actuales = in today's terms.* estatus actual = current status.* informe sobre la situación actual = state of the art report.* líder actual, el = defending champion.* no actual = non-current.* número actual = current issue.* pasado actual, el = living past, the.* situación actual = current situation, current status.* situación actual, la = scheme of things, the.* tendencia actual = current trend.* * *presentel actual primer ministro the present prime minister, the incumbent prime minister ( frml)el actual campeón the current o present o reigning championen las circunstancias actuales in the present circumstancesla acción transcurre en el Chile actual the action takes place in present-day Chileen el mundo actual in the modern world, in today's worlddatos del actual ejercicio data for the current o present financial yearuna moda actual para la mujer moderna an up-to-the-minute fashion for the modern womanla legislación actual the current o present legislationsu carta del 20 del actual ( Corresp) your letter of the 20th of this month, your letter of the 20th inst. ( frml)* * *
actual adjetivo ‹ley/situación/dirección› present, current;
en el mundo actual in the modern world, in today's world
actual adjetivo
1 current, present
el actual presidente del Gobierno, the current president of the Government
2 (que está al día, moderno) up-to-date
un diseño muy actual, a very up-to date design ➣ Ver nota en actual
' actual' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
corriente
- desvirtuar
- dimanar
- estar
- hoy
- real
- mantener
- material
- moderno
- presente
English:
actual
- arms race
- assessment
- current
- defending champion
- euro
- existent
- existing
- ongoing
- present
- present-day
- record holder
- reigning
- contemporary
- defending
- full
- real
- reign
- topical
- true
- very
- wage
* * *actual adj1. [del momento presente] present, current;las tendencias actuales de la moda current fashion trends;el actual alcalde de la ciudad the city's present o current mayor;el actual campeón del mundo the current o reigning world champion;el seis del actual the sixth of this month2. [de moda] modern, up-to-date;tiene un diseño muy actual it has a very modern o up-to-date design3. [de interés] topical;el desempleo es un tema muy actual unemployment is a very topical issue* * *adj1 present, current2:un tema muy actual a very topical issue* * *actual adjpresente: present, current* * *actual adj1. (presente) present / current2. (de moda) up to date91 diseñar
v.1 to design, to lay out, to blueprint, to delineate.Ella diseña soluciones She designs solutions.2 to lay plans, to make designs, to plan.Ella diseña para la empresa She lays plans for the company.3 to be designed for.Se me diseñó el vestido The dress was designed for me.* * *1 to design* * *verb* * *VT1) (Téc) to design2) (Arte) to draw, sketch3) [con palabras] to outline* * *verbo transitivo <moda/mueble/máquina> to design; <parque/edificio> to design, plan* * *= design (for/to), devise, draw up, engineer, gear (to/toward(s)/for).Ex. In lists designed for international use a symbolic notation instead of textual notes may be used.Ex. Special classification schemes are generally devised for an application in which no major general scheme is suitable.Ex. At the IFLA General Council the two Sections drew up the terms of reference and proposed as members some ten representatives of national libraries.Ex. So, in telephone transmission the bandwidth of each speech circuit is engineered to be 4kHz.Ex. Most of the main subject headings lists are geared to the alphabetical subject approach found in dictionary catalogues.----* diseñar en colaboración = co-design.* diseñar una política = draft + policy.* diseñar un plan = draw up + plan, think out + a plan.* volver a diseñar = redesign [re-design], repurpose [re-purpose].* * *verbo transitivo <moda/mueble/máquina> to design; <parque/edificio> to design, plan* * *= design (for/to), devise, draw up, engineer, gear (to/toward(s)/for).Ex: In lists designed for international use a symbolic notation instead of textual notes may be used.
Ex: Special classification schemes are generally devised for an application in which no major general scheme is suitable.Ex: At the IFLA General Council the two Sections drew up the terms of reference and proposed as members some ten representatives of national libraries.Ex: So, in telephone transmission the bandwidth of each speech circuit is engineered to be 4kHz.Ex: Most of the main subject headings lists are geared to the alphabetical subject approach found in dictionary catalogues.* diseñar en colaboración = co-design.* diseñar una política = draft + policy.* diseñar un plan = draw up + plan, think out + a plan.* volver a diseñar = redesign [re-design], repurpose [re-purpose].* * *diseñar [A1 ]vt1 ‹vehículo/mueble/ordenador› to design; ‹ropa/zapatos› to design; ‹jardín/parque/edificio› to design, planno fue diseñado para soportar altas temperaturas it was not designed to withstand high temperaturesuna ciudad muy bien diseñada a very well-planned cityse reunirán para diseñar actuaciones conjuntas they will meet to plan o to draw up a plan for joint action2 (con palabras) to outlinerápidamente nos diseñó la gravedad de la situación he quickly outlined the gravity of the situation* * *
diseñar ( conjugate diseñar) verbo transitivo ‹moda/mueble/máquina› to design;
‹parque/edificio› to design, plan
diseñar verbo transitivo to design
' diseñar' also found in these entries:
English:
design
- lay out
- plan
- lay
* * *diseñar vt1. [crear] to design;un estadio diseñado para albergar competiciones atléticas a stadium designed to host athletic events;diseñaron una estrategia para hacerse con el mercado they designed a strategy to capture the market2. [dibujar] to draw, to sketch3. [con palabras] to outline* * *v/t design* * *diseñar vt1) : to design, to plan2) : to lay out, to outline* * *diseñar vb to design92 día
m.day, twenty-four hours, twenty-four-hour period.* * *1 day■ ¿qué día es hoy? what day is it today?, what's the date today?2 (con luz) daylight, daytime3 (tiempo) day, weather1 (vida) days\a la luz del día in daylighta los pocos días a few days lateral caer el día at duskal despuntar el día at dawn, at daybreakal día siguiente / al otro día the following day¡buenos días! good morning!cada día / todos los días each day, every daycualquier día de estos any day nowdar los buenos días to say good morningde día during the dayde un día para otro from one day to the next, overnightdel día freshdía a día day by dayel día de mañana figurado in the futureel día menos pensado figurado when you least expect itestar al día figurado to be up to datehacer buen/mal día to be a nice/horrible dayhasta el fin de sus días to the end of his daysponer al día to bring up to dateser de día to be daylightsi algún día if ever■ si algún día lo ves... if you ever see him...un buen día figurado one fine dayun día sí y otro no every other dayvivir al día figurado to live from hand to mouth, not to save a pennydía de año nuevo New Year's Daydía de descanso day offdía de fiesta / día festivo holiday, bank holidaydía de paga paydaydía entre semana weekdaydía lectivo teaching daydía libre day offdías alternos every other day sing* * *noun m.1) day2) daytime•- al día- día festivo* * *SM1) (=período de 24 horas) daya los pocos días — within o after a few days, a few days later
•
día a día — day in day out, day by dayprefiero el día a día — I prefer to do things from one day to the next o on a day-to-day basis
el día a día en la gestión financiera de la empresa — the day-to-day running of the company's financial business
•
siete veces al día — seven times a day•
ese problema es ya de días — that's an old problem•
de día en día — from day to day•
ocho días — a week•
quince días — a fortnight•
un día sí y otro no — every other day•
día tras día — day after day- a díasdía azul — (Ferro) cheap ticket day
día de diario, día de entresemana — weekday
día de fiesta — holiday, public holiday
Día de la Raza — = Día de la Hispanidad
día del espectador — day each week when cinema tickets are discounted
estaremos aquí hasta el día del Juicio — iró we'll be here till Kingdom come
Día de los Difuntos — All Souls' Day, Day of the Dead
día de los inocentes — ≈ April Fools' Day ( 1 April)
Día de (los) Muertos — Méx All Souls' Day, Day of the Dead
día de tribunales — day on which courts are open
día feriado, día festivo — holiday, public holiday
día franco — (Mil) day's leave
día malo, día nulo — off day
días de gracia — (Com) days of grace
día señalado — [gen] special day; [en calendario] red-letter day
día útil — working day, weekday
See:ver nota culturelle DÍA DE LOS (SANTOS) INOCENTES in inocente,ver nota culturelle DÍA DE REYES in rey2) (=no noche) daytimehace buen día — the weather's good today, it's a fine day
•
de día — by day, during the dayduerme de día y trabaja de noche — he sleeps by day and works by night, he sleeps during the day and works at night
3) (=fecha) date¿qué día es hoy? — [del mes] what's the date today?; [de la semana] what day is it today?
iré pronto, pero no puedo precisar el día — I'll be going soon, but I can't give an exact date
hoy, día cinco de agosto — today, fifth August
•
el día de mañana — (lit) tomorrow; (fig) at some future date4) (=momento sin precisar)cada día es peor — it's getting worse every day o by the day
en los días de la reina Victoria — in Queen Victoria's day, in Queen Victoria's times
•
cualquier día (de estos) — one of these days¡cualquier día! — iró not on your life!
cualquier día viene — iró we'll be waiting till the cows come home for him to turn up
¡cualquier día te voy a comprar una casa! — if you think I'm going to buy you a house you've got another think coming!
•
en nuestros días — nowadaysla prensa de nuestros días — today's press, the press these days
uno de los principales problemas de nuestros días — one of the major problems of our day o our times
•
otro día — some other day, another daydejémoslo para otro día — let's leave it for the moment o for another day
¡hasta otro día! — so long!
- ¡tal día hará un año!5) (=actualidad)(=fresco)quien quiera estar al día en esta especialidad, que lea... — anyone who wishes to keep up to date with this area of study, should read...
•
poner al día — [+ texto, contabilidad] to bring up to date; [+ base de datos] to update; [+ diario] to write up•
ponerse al día (en algo) — to get up to date (with sth)•
vivir al día — to live from one day to the next* * *1)a) ( veinticuatro horas) dayel día anterior — the day before, the previous day
el día siguiente — the next o the following day
el día de ayer/hoy — (frml) yesterday/today
una vez/dos veces al día — once/twice a day
un día sí y otro no — every other day, on alternate days
día (de) por medio — (AmL) every other day, on alternate days
dentro de quince días — in two weeks o (BrE) a fortnight
buenos días or (RPl) buen día — good morning
al día: estoy al día en los pagos I'm up to date with the payments; ponerse al día con algo <noticias/trabajo> to get up to date on/with something; ponga al día su correspondencia bring your correspondence up to date; de un día para otro overnight, from one day to the next; día y noche day and night, continually; hoy en día nowadays, these days; mantenerse al día to keep abreast of things, keep up to date; todo el santo día all day long; se pasa todo el santo día en el teléfono he's on the phone all day long; vivir al día — to live from hand to mouth
b) ( jornada) daytrabajan cuatro días a la semana — they work four days a week, they work a four-day week
c) ( fecha)¿qué día es hoy? — what day is it today?
hasta el día 5 de junio — until June fifth, until the fifth of June
2) ( horas de luz) dayduerme durante el día — it sleeps during the day o daytime
ya era de día — it was already light o day
al caer el día — at dusk, at twilight
de día claro — (Chi) in broad daylight
3) ( tiempo indeterminado) daypásate por casa un día — why don't you drop in sometime o one day?
hasta otro día! — so long!, see you!
en su día: se lo contaré en su día I'll tell him in due course; dio lugar a un gran escándalo en su día it caused a huge scandal in its day o time; un buen día — one fine day
4) días masculino plural (vida, tiempo) days (pl)tiene los días contados — his days are numbered, he won't last long
estar en sus días — (Méx fam) to have one's period
5) ( tiempo atmosférico) day•• Cultural note:hace un día nublado/caluroso — it's cloudy/hot
&rarrow; Día de la RazaIn Latin America, the anniversary of Columbus's discovery of America, October 12. In Spain it is known as día de la Hispanidad. It symbolizes the cultural ties shared by Spanish-speaking countriesOn December 28 people in the Spanish-speaking world celebrate the Feast of the Holy Innocents, a religious festival commemorating the New Testament story of the massacre of the ‘Innocents’, by playing practical jokes, or inocentadas, on one another. The classic inocentada is to hang paper dolls on someone's back without their knowing. Spoof news stories also appear in newspapers and the mediaIn Latin America and Spain, Labor Day is celebrated on May Day. In many Latin American countries, where workers still suffer greatly from low wages and bad working conditions, May Day celebrations often have strong overtones of protestCelebrated on November 1, is a day on when people place flowers on the graves of loved ones. In Mexico it is common to hold a party by the grave. A feast is prepared, in which the dead person is symbolically included* * *= date, day.Ex. This access is achieved by organising the tools so that a user may search under a specific access point or heading or index term, for example, subject term, author, name, title, date.----* 24 horas al día = around the clock.* 365 días al año = year-round.* acabar + Posesivo + días en = end up + Posesivo + days in.* a cualquier hora del día o de la noche = at any hour of the day or night, at any time of the day or night.* a día de hoy = as of today.* a la luz del día = in the light of day.* al despuntar el día = at the crack of dawn.* al día = in step, paid-up, in good standing.* al día de = in step with.* al día de hoy = as of today.* al día siguiente = the next day.* alegrarle el día a Alguien = brighten up + Posesivo + day, make + Posesivo + day.* al final del día = at the close of the day.* algún día = one day.* al romper el día = at the crack of dawn.* a medida que + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.* a medida que + pasar + el día = as the day + wear on.* a medida que + transcurrir + el día = as the day + wear on.* a plena luz del día = in broad daylight.* a un día de distancia de = one day away from.* barba de tres días = stubble beard, stubble.* barba de tres días de moda = designer stubble.* billete para otro día = rain cheque [rain check, -USA].* buenos días = good morning.* cada día = every day.* cada día que pasa = each passing day.* cada dos días = every other day.* centro de día = day care centre, day centre.* centro de día para mayores = day centre for the elderly.* como el día y la noche = worlds apart, like oil and water, like chalk and cheese, like apples and oranges.* como la noche y el día = like oil and water, worlds apart, like apples and oranges.* conforme + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.* conforme + pasar + el día = as the day + wear on.* conforme + transcurrir + el día = as the day + wear on.* de cada día = day to day [day-to-day].* de cinco días de duración = five-day.* de cuatro días de duración = four-day.* de día = in the daytime, during the daytime, during daytime.* de día a día = from day to day.* de día y de noche = day and night, night and day.* de dos días de duración = two-day [2-day].* de hoy día = of today.* de hoy en día = of today.* dejar Algo para otro día = take + a rain cheque.* del día o de la noche = day or night.* de medio día de duración = half-day [half day].* de + Número + días de duración = Número + day-long.* de puesta al día = top-up.* desde el primer día = from day one.* desde ese día = since that day.* desde + Expresión Temporal + hasta hoy día = from + Expresión Temporal + up to the present day.* de una día de duración = one-day.* de un día de duración = day-long, full-day.* día abrasador = scorcher.* día aburrido = dull day.* día a día = day by day.* día a día de, el = day-to-day running of, the.* día a día, el = daily situation.* día caluroso = scorcher.* día corriente = ordinary day.* Día de Acción de Gracias = Thanksgiving.* día de compras = shopping trip.* día de descanso = holiday.* día de entre semana = weekday.* día de fiesta = holiday, public holiday.* día de la apertura = opening day.* día de la boda = wedding day.* día de la inauguración = opening day.* día de la madre, el = Mother's Day, Mothering Sunday.* día de las elecciones = election day.* Día de la Tierra = Earth Day.* día de la votación = election day.* día del deporte = sports day.* día del Juicio Final = doomsday, Judgement Day.* día de lluvia = rainy day.* Día de los Caídos = Memorial Day.* día de los enamorados, el = St. Valentine's Day.* día de los Reyes Magos, el = Epiphany, the.* Día de los (Santos) Inocentes, el = April Fools' Day.* día de los trabajadores = Labour Day.* día del padre, el = Father's Day.* día del trabajo = Labour Day.* día de mucho calor = scorcher.* día de Navidad = Christmas Day.* día de perros = bad hair day.* día de San Valentín, el = St. Valentine's Day.* día de sol = sunny day.* Día de Todos los Santos = All Saints' Day.* día de trabajo = working day.* día de un santo = saint's day.* día de verano = summer day.* día escolar = school day.* día especial = red-letter day.* día + estar por llegar = day + be + yet to come.* día festivo = holiday, public holiday, bank holiday.* día funesto = bad hair day.* día hábil = business day, workday, weekday, working day.* día internacional de los trabajadores = Labour Day.* día internacional del trabajo = Labour Day.* día laborable = workday, business day, weekday, working day.* día libre = day off.* día libre por trabajo extra = compensatory day off.* día lluvioso = rainy day.* día malo = bad hair day.* día memorable = red-letter day.* día normal = ordinary day.* día que pasa = passing day.* día + romper = day + break.* día señalado = red-letter day.* día soleado = sunny day.* días universitarios = school days.* día tras día = day after day, day in and day out, day by day.* día veraniego = summer day.* día y noche = round the clock, day and night, night and day, around the clock.* durante días = for days.* durante días y días = for days on end.* durante el día = by day, by day, daytime [day-time], in the daytime, during the daytime, during daytime.* durante todo el día = all day long.* echar muchas horas al día = work + long hours.* echársele a Uno el día encima = make + hay while the sun shines.* el pan nuestro de cada día = all in a day's work.* en días alternos = every other day.* en el día a día = in the day to day, in the trenches.* en el orden del día = on the agenda.* en estos días = today, these days.* en los próximos días = in the next few days, over the next few days.* en los últimos días = in recent days.* en pleno día = in broad daylight.* en su día = in its day.* entrada para otro día = rain cheque [rain check, -USA].* estar a la orden del día = be the order of the day.* estar al día = monitor + developments, stay on top of + the game, stay on top of, stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.* estos días = these days.* excursión de un día de duración = day trip.* excursionista de día = day hiker.* excursionista de un día = day-tripper.* exponer a la luz del día = expose to + daylight.* flor de un día = flash in the pan.* ganarse el pan de cada día = get + Posesivo + bread, earn + Posesivo + bread, earn + Posesivo + bread and butter.* hacer de la noche día = burn + the candle at both ends.* hace unos cuantos días = a few days ago.* hace unos días = a few days ago.* hace unos pocos días = a few days ago.* hospital de día = day hospital.* hoy día = nowadays, present day, the, today, in this day and age.* hoy en día = in this day and age, at the present time.* inscripción por un día = day registration.* la pesca del día = the day's catch, the catch of the day.* leche del día = fresh milk.* los 365 días del año = year-round.* los días antes de = leading up to.* luz del día = daylight.* mal día = bad hair day.* mantenerse al día = keep up to + date (with), keep up with + the current scene, keep + current.* mantenerse al día de = keep + abreast of, keep + pace with, keep up with, stay + abreast of, keep + a finger on the pulse of, stay in + step with, keep in + step with, keep + step with.* mantenerse al día de las noticias = keep up with + the news.* mantenerse al día de los avances = track + developments.* más largo que un día sin pan = as long as (my/your) arm.* medio día = one-half day.* menú del día = table d'hote, set menu.* noche y día = day and night, night and day.* Número + al día = Número + a day.* orden del día = agenda.* pasar los días = spend + Posesivo + days.* permanentemente los siete días de la semana = 24 hours a day, seven days a week.* píldora del día después = morning-after pill.* poner al día = bring + Nombre + up to date, bring + Nombre + up to scratch.* poner al día (de) = bring + Nombre + up to speed (on), get + Nombre + up to speed on.* ponerse al día = catching up, come up to + speed, get + up to speed.* ponerse al día de = catch up on.* ponerse al día de un atraso = clear + backlog.* ponerse al día en = catch up with.* por el día = daytime [day-time], during the daytime, in the daytime, during daytime.* por el día o por la noche = day or night.* por el día y por la noche = night and day.* por el día y por la noche = day and night.* puesta al día = catch-up [catchup], updatability, update [up-date].* puesta al día del personal = staff development.* punto del orden del día = agenda item.* seguir al día = remain on top of.* ser como el día y la noche = different as night and day.* servicio de atención de día = day care.* servicio de cuidado de día = day care.* sesión de puesta al día = briefing session.* sin afeitar desde hace varios días = stubbly [stubblier -comp., stubbliest -sup.].* tener los días contados = day + be + numbered, be doomed, doomed, be dead meat, the (hand)writing + be + on the wall, see it + coming.* tener un buen día = have + a good day.* tener un día muy largo = have + a long day.* tener un mal día = have + a bad day.* ticket para otro día = rain cheque [rain check, -USA].* todo el día = all day, all day long, around the clock.* todo el santo día = all day long.* todos los días = daily, on a daily basis, every day, day in and day out.* tomarse unos días de asuntos propios = take + time off, take + time out, take + time off work.* tomarse unos días de descanso = take + a break from work.* tomarse unos días de permiso = take + a leave of absence.* tomarse unos días de permiso en el trabajo = take + time off work.* tomarse unos días de permiso en el trabajo = take + time off, take + time out.* tomarse unos días de vacaciones = take + time off, take + time out, take + time off work.* trabajar de día y de noche = work + day and night.* trabajar día y noche = work + Reflexivo + to the ground, work + Reflexivo + to death, work (a)round + the clock.* trabajar las veinticuatro horas del día = work (a)round + the clock.* trabajar muchas horas al día = work + long hours.* trabajar noche y día = work + day and night.* un día de descanso = a day away from.* un día fuera = a day out.* un día haciendo algo diferente = a day away from.* un día normal = on a typical day.* un día sí y otro no = every other day.* un día sí y otro también = day in and day out.* un día tras otro = day after day.* un día y medio = one and a half days.* unos días más tarde = a few days later.* veinticuatro horas al día, siete días a la semana, 365 días al año = 24/7, 24/7/365.* ver la luz del día = see + the light of day.* visitante turístico de un día = day-tripper.* visita turística de una día de duración = day trip.* volver a ponerse al día = be back on track, be on track.* * *1)a) ( veinticuatro horas) dayel día anterior — the day before, the previous day
el día siguiente — the next o the following day
el día de ayer/hoy — (frml) yesterday/today
una vez/dos veces al día — once/twice a day
un día sí y otro no — every other day, on alternate days
día (de) por medio — (AmL) every other day, on alternate days
dentro de quince días — in two weeks o (BrE) a fortnight
buenos días or (RPl) buen día — good morning
al día: estoy al día en los pagos I'm up to date with the payments; ponerse al día con algo <noticias/trabajo> to get up to date on/with something; ponga al día su correspondencia bring your correspondence up to date; de un día para otro overnight, from one day to the next; día y noche day and night, continually; hoy en día nowadays, these days; mantenerse al día to keep abreast of things, keep up to date; todo el santo día all day long; se pasa todo el santo día en el teléfono he's on the phone all day long; vivir al día — to live from hand to mouth
b) ( jornada) daytrabajan cuatro días a la semana — they work four days a week, they work a four-day week
c) ( fecha)¿qué día es hoy? — what day is it today?
hasta el día 5 de junio — until June fifth, until the fifth of June
2) ( horas de luz) dayduerme durante el día — it sleeps during the day o daytime
ya era de día — it was already light o day
al caer el día — at dusk, at twilight
de día claro — (Chi) in broad daylight
3) ( tiempo indeterminado) daypásate por casa un día — why don't you drop in sometime o one day?
hasta otro día! — so long!, see you!
en su día: se lo contaré en su día I'll tell him in due course; dio lugar a un gran escándalo en su día it caused a huge scandal in its day o time; un buen día — one fine day
4) días masculino plural (vida, tiempo) days (pl)tiene los días contados — his days are numbered, he won't last long
estar en sus días — (Méx fam) to have one's period
5) ( tiempo atmosférico) day•• Cultural note:hace un día nublado/caluroso — it's cloudy/hot
&rarrow; Día de la RazaIn Latin America, the anniversary of Columbus's discovery of America, October 12. In Spain it is known as día de la Hispanidad. It symbolizes the cultural ties shared by Spanish-speaking countriesOn December 28 people in the Spanish-speaking world celebrate the Feast of the Holy Innocents, a religious festival commemorating the New Testament story of the massacre of the ‘Innocents’, by playing practical jokes, or inocentadas, on one another. The classic inocentada is to hang paper dolls on someone's back without their knowing. Spoof news stories also appear in newspapers and the mediaIn Latin America and Spain, Labor Day is celebrated on May Day. In many Latin American countries, where workers still suffer greatly from low wages and bad working conditions, May Day celebrations often have strong overtones of protestCelebrated on November 1, is a day on when people place flowers on the graves of loved ones. In Mexico it is common to hold a party by the grave. A feast is prepared, in which the dead person is symbolically included* * *= date, day.Ex: This access is achieved by organising the tools so that a user may search under a specific access point or heading or index term, for example, subject term, author, name, title, date.
* 24 horas al día = around the clock.* 365 días al año = year-round.* acabar + Posesivo + días en = end up + Posesivo + days in.* a cualquier hora del día o de la noche = at any hour of the day or night, at any time of the day or night.* a día de hoy = as of today.* a la luz del día = in the light of day.* al despuntar el día = at the crack of dawn.* al día = in step, paid-up, in good standing.* al día de = in step with.* al día de hoy = as of today.* al día siguiente = the next day.* alegrarle el día a Alguien = brighten up + Posesivo + day, make + Posesivo + day.* al final del día = at the close of the day.* algún día = one day.* al romper el día = at the crack of dawn.* a medida que + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.* a medida que + pasar + el día = as the day + wear on.* a medida que + transcurrir + el día = as the day + wear on.* a plena luz del día = in broad daylight.* a un día de distancia de = one day away from.* barba de tres días = stubble beard, stubble.* barba de tres días de moda = designer stubble.* billete para otro día = rain cheque [rain check, -USA].* buenos días = good morning.* cada día = every day.* cada día que pasa = each passing day.* cada dos días = every other day.* centro de día = day care centre, day centre.* centro de día para mayores = day centre for the elderly.* como el día y la noche = worlds apart, like oil and water, like chalk and cheese, like apples and oranges.* como la noche y el día = like oil and water, worlds apart, like apples and oranges.* conforme + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.* conforme + pasar + el día = as the day + wear on.* conforme + transcurrir + el día = as the day + wear on.* de cada día = day to day [day-to-day].* de cinco días de duración = five-day.* de cuatro días de duración = four-day.* de día = in the daytime, during the daytime, during daytime.* de día a día = from day to day.* de día y de noche = day and night, night and day.* de dos días de duración = two-day [2-day].* de hoy día = of today.* de hoy en día = of today.* dejar Algo para otro día = take + a rain cheque.* del día o de la noche = day or night.* de medio día de duración = half-day [half day].* de + Número + días de duración = Número + day-long.* de puesta al día = top-up.* desde el primer día = from day one.* desde ese día = since that day.* desde + Expresión Temporal + hasta hoy día = from + Expresión Temporal + up to the present day.* de una día de duración = one-day.* de un día de duración = day-long, full-day.* día abrasador = scorcher.* día aburrido = dull day.* día a día = day by day.* día a día de, el = day-to-day running of, the.* día a día, el = daily situation.* día caluroso = scorcher.* día corriente = ordinary day.* Día de Acción de Gracias = Thanksgiving.* día de compras = shopping trip.* día de descanso = holiday.* día de entre semana = weekday.* día de fiesta = holiday, public holiday.* día de la apertura = opening day.* día de la boda = wedding day.* día de la inauguración = opening day.* día de la madre, el = Mother's Day, Mothering Sunday.* día de las elecciones = election day.* Día de la Tierra = Earth Day.* día de la votación = election day.* día del deporte = sports day.* día del Juicio Final = doomsday, Judgement Day.* día de lluvia = rainy day.* Día de los Caídos = Memorial Day.* día de los enamorados, el = St. Valentine's Day.* día de los Reyes Magos, el = Epiphany, the.* Día de los (Santos) Inocentes, el = April Fools' Day.* día de los trabajadores = Labour Day.* día del padre, el = Father's Day.* día del trabajo = Labour Day.* día de mucho calor = scorcher.* día de Navidad = Christmas Day.* día de perros = bad hair day.* día de San Valentín, el = St. Valentine's Day.* día de sol = sunny day.* Día de Todos los Santos = All Saints' Day.* día de trabajo = working day.* día de un santo = saint's day.* día de verano = summer day.* día escolar = school day.* día especial = red-letter day.* día + estar por llegar = day + be + yet to come.* día festivo = holiday, public holiday, bank holiday.* día funesto = bad hair day.* día hábil = business day, workday, weekday, working day.* día internacional de los trabajadores = Labour Day.* día internacional del trabajo = Labour Day.* día laborable = workday, business day, weekday, working day.* día libre = day off.* día libre por trabajo extra = compensatory day off.* día lluvioso = rainy day.* día malo = bad hair day.* día memorable = red-letter day.* día normal = ordinary day.* día que pasa = passing day.* día + romper = day + break.* día señalado = red-letter day.* día soleado = sunny day.* días universitarios = school days.* día tras día = day after day, day in and day out, day by day.* día veraniego = summer day.* día y noche = round the clock, day and night, night and day, around the clock.* durante días = for days.* durante días y días = for days on end.* durante el día = by day, by day, daytime [day-time], in the daytime, during the daytime, during daytime.* durante todo el día = all day long.* echar muchas horas al día = work + long hours.* echársele a Uno el día encima = make + hay while the sun shines.* el pan nuestro de cada día = all in a day's work.* en días alternos = every other day.* en el día a día = in the day to day, in the trenches.* en el orden del día = on the agenda.* en estos días = today, these days.* en los próximos días = in the next few days, over the next few days.* en los últimos días = in recent days.* en pleno día = in broad daylight.* en su día = in its day.* entrada para otro día = rain cheque [rain check, -USA].* estar a la orden del día = be the order of the day.* estar al día = monitor + developments, stay on top of + the game, stay on top of, stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.* estos días = these days.* excursión de un día de duración = day trip.* excursionista de día = day hiker.* excursionista de un día = day-tripper.* exponer a la luz del día = expose to + daylight.* flor de un día = flash in the pan.* ganarse el pan de cada día = get + Posesivo + bread, earn + Posesivo + bread, earn + Posesivo + bread and butter.* hacer de la noche día = burn + the candle at both ends.* hace unos cuantos días = a few days ago.* hace unos días = a few days ago.* hace unos pocos días = a few days ago.* hospital de día = day hospital.* hoy día = nowadays, present day, the, today, in this day and age.* hoy en día = in this day and age, at the present time.* inscripción por un día = day registration.* la pesca del día = the day's catch, the catch of the day.* leche del día = fresh milk.* los 365 días del año = year-round.* los días antes de = leading up to.* luz del día = daylight.* mal día = bad hair day.* mantenerse al día = keep up to + date (with), keep up with + the current scene, keep + current.* mantenerse al día de = keep + abreast of, keep + pace with, keep up with, stay + abreast of, keep + a finger on the pulse of, stay in + step with, keep in + step with, keep + step with.* mantenerse al día de las noticias = keep up with + the news.* mantenerse al día de los avances = track + developments.* más largo que un día sin pan = as long as (my/your) arm.* medio día = one-half day.* menú del día = table d'hote, set menu.* noche y día = day and night, night and day.* Número + al día = Número + a day.* orden del día = agenda.* pasar los días = spend + Posesivo + days.* permanentemente los siete días de la semana = 24 hours a day, seven days a week.* píldora del día después = morning-after pill.* poner al día = bring + Nombre + up to date, bring + Nombre + up to scratch.* poner al día (de) = bring + Nombre + up to speed (on), get + Nombre + up to speed on.* ponerse al día = catching up, come up to + speed, get + up to speed.* ponerse al día de = catch up on.* ponerse al día de un atraso = clear + backlog.* ponerse al día en = catch up with.* por el día = daytime [day-time], during the daytime, in the daytime, during daytime.* por el día o por la noche = day or night.* por el día y por la noche = night and day.* por el día y por la noche = day and night.* puesta al día = catch-up [catchup], updatability, update [up-date].* puesta al día del personal = staff development.* punto del orden del día = agenda item.* seguir al día = remain on top of.* ser como el día y la noche = different as night and day.* servicio de atención de día = day care.* servicio de cuidado de día = day care.* sesión de puesta al día = briefing session.* sin afeitar desde hace varios días = stubbly [stubblier -comp., stubbliest -sup.].* tener los días contados = day + be + numbered, be doomed, doomed, be dead meat, the (hand)writing + be + on the wall, see it + coming.* tener un buen día = have + a good day.* tener un día muy largo = have + a long day.* tener un mal día = have + a bad day.* ticket para otro día = rain cheque [rain check, -USA].* todo el día = all day, all day long, around the clock.* todo el santo día = all day long.* todos los días = daily, on a daily basis, every day, day in and day out.* tomarse unos días de asuntos propios = take + time off, take + time out, take + time off work.* tomarse unos días de descanso = take + a break from work.* tomarse unos días de permiso = take + a leave of absence.* tomarse unos días de permiso en el trabajo = take + time off work.* tomarse unos días de permiso en el trabajo = take + time off, take + time out.* tomarse unos días de vacaciones = take + time off, take + time out, take + time off work.* trabajar de día y de noche = work + day and night.* trabajar día y noche = work + Reflexivo + to the ground, work + Reflexivo + to death, work (a)round + the clock.* trabajar las veinticuatro horas del día = work (a)round + the clock.* trabajar muchas horas al día = work + long hours.* trabajar noche y día = work + day and night.* un día de descanso = a day away from.* un día fuera = a day out.* un día haciendo algo diferente = a day away from.* un día normal = on a typical day.* un día sí y otro no = every other day.* un día sí y otro también = day in and day out.* un día tras otro = day after day.* un día y medio = one and a half days.* unos días más tarde = a few days later.* veinticuatro horas al día, siete días a la semana, 365 días al año = 24/7, 24/7/365.* ver la luz del día = see + the light of day.* visitante turístico de un día = day-tripper.* visita turística de una día de duración = day trip.* volver a ponerse al día = be back on track, be on track.* * *A1 (veinticuatro horas) day¿qué día es hoy? what day is it today?todos los días every dayno es algo que pase todos los días it's not something that happens every day, it's not an everyday occurrenceel día anterior the day before, the previous dayel día siguiente era domingo the next o the following day was Sundayal día siguiente or al otro día volvió a suceder it happened again the following o the next dayel día de ayer/hoy ( frml); yesterday/todayuna vez/dos veces al día once/twice a daytrabaja doce horas por día she works twelve hours a day, she works a twelve-hour dayun día sí y otro no every other day, on alternate daysdía (de) por medio ( AmL); every other day, on alternate daysdentro de ocho días in a weekdentro de quince días in two weeks o ( BrE) a fortnightel otro día la vi I saw her the other dayestá cada día más delgado he gets thinner every day o with every day that passesviene cada día a quejarse he comes here every day to complainel pan nuestro de cada día our daily breadla lucha de cada día the daily strugglebuenos días or ( RPl) buen día good morningdía a día lo veía envejecer day by day she saw him getting olderle entregaba día a día una cantidad determinada he gave her a certain amount of money every day o daily o on a daily basisdía tras día day after dayal día: ¿tienes el trabajo al día? is your work all up to date?estoy al día en los pagos I'm up to date with the paymentsestá siempre al día con las noticias he's always well up on the newsponga al día su correspondencia bring your correspondence up to dateponerse al día con algo (con las noticias) to get up to date with sth; (con el trabajo) to catch up on sthel día a día the daily round o routine(de) tal día hará un año see if I/we carede un día para otro overnight, from one day to the nextdía y noche day and night, continuallyhoy en día nowadays, these daysmantenerse al día to keep abreast of things, keep up to datetodo el santo día all day longse pasa todo el santo día hablando por teléfono he's on the phone all day long, he spends the whole day on the phone2 (jornada) daytrabajan cuatro días a la semana they work four days a week, they work a four-day weekun día laborable de 8 horas an eight-hour working day(fecha): la reunión que tuvo lugar el día 17 the meeting which took place on the 17thempieza el día dos it starts on the secondhasta el día 5 de junio until June fifth, until the fifth of Junepan del día fresh bread, bread baked todayvivir al día to live from hand to mouthCompuestos:● día azul(en Esp) blue day ( when cheaper fares are available)day of reckoningel día de Año Nuevo New Year's Dayday offweekdayel día de entrega de regalos es el 24 de diciembre the date for giving presents is December 24weekdayday of atonementholidayindependence dayMother's Day( AmL): el día de la raza Columbus Dayel día del juicio final Judgment Day, the Day of Judgment(national) book daygay pride dayel día del Señor the Lord's Day● día del trabajo or de los trabajadoresel día del trabajo or de los trabajadores Labor* dayDía del Trabajo (↑ día aaaa1)( Esp): el día de los difuntos All Souls' DayDía de todos los Santos or (in Spain) de los Difuntos or (in Latin America) de los Muertos (↑ día aaaaa1)(St) Valentine's DayDecember 28 ( day when people play practical jokes on each other), ≈ April Fool's Day Día de los (Santos) Inocentes (↑ día aaa1)( AmL): el día de los muertos All Souls' DayDía de todos los Santos or (in Spain) de los Difuntos or (in Latin America) de los Muertos (↑ día aaaaa1)el día de Reyes Epiphanyel día de San Valentín (St) Valentine's Dayel día de todos los santos All Saints' DayDía de todos los Santos or (in Spain) de los Difuntos or (in Latin America) de los Muertos (↑ día aaaaa1)(de carnet, licencia) expiration date ( AmE), expiry date ( BrE); (de intereses, letra, pago) due date; (de plazo) closing datepublic holidayworking dayworking dayschool ( o college etc) day(sin trabajo) day off; (sin compromisos) free daysidereal daysolar daycalendar daysB (horas de luz) dayduerme durante el día it sleeps during the day o daytimeya era de día it was already light o dayal caer el día at dusk, at twilightnunca ve la luz del día he never sees the daylighten pleno día in broad daylightde día claro ( Chi); in broad daylightC (tiempo indeterminado) daytienes que pasar por casa un día you must drop in sometime o some day o one daysi un día te aburres y te quieres ir … if one day you get fed up and you want to leave …ya me lo agradecerás algún día you'll thank me for it one dayel día que tengas hijos, sabrás lo que es when you have children of your own, you'll know just what it involves¿cuándo será el día que te vea entusiasmada? when will I ever see you show some enthusiasm?si el plan se realiza algún día if the plan is ever put into effect, if the plan is one day put into effectlo haremos otro día we'll do it another o some other timecualquier día de estos any day nowun día de estos one of these days¡hasta otro día! so long!, see you!¡cualquier día! ( iró): podríamos invitarlos a cenar — ¡cualquier día! we could have them round for dinner — over my dead body!cualquier día vuelvo yo a prestarle el coche that's the last time I lend him the car, no way will I ever lend him the car again! ( colloq)quizás nos ofrece más dinero — ¡cualquier día! maybe he'll offer us more money — sure, and pigs might fly! ( iro)el día menos pensado when you least expect iten su día: compraremos las provisiones en su día we'll buy our supplies later on o in due coursedio lugar a un gran escándalo en su día it caused a huge scandal in its day o timeun buen día one fine daytiene los días contados his days are numbered, he won't last longdesde el siglo XVII hasta nuestros días from the 17th Century to the present dayen días de tu bisabuelo back in your great-grandfather's day o timeE (tiempo atmosférico) dayhace un día nublado/caluroso it's a cloudy/hot day, it's cloudy/hot* * *
día sustantivo masculino
1
día a día day by day;
de or durante el día during the day;
el día anterior the day before, the previous day;
el día siguiente the next o the following day;
trabaja doce horas por día she works twelve hours a day;
un día sí y otro no or (AmL) día (de) por medio every other day, on alternate days;
dentro de quince días in two weeks o (BrE) a fortnight;
cada día every day;
buenos días or (RPl) buen día good morning;
al día: una vez al día once a day;
estoy al día en los pagos I'm up to date with the payments;
poner algo al día to bring sth up to date;
ponerse al día con algo ( con noticias) to get up to date with sth;
( con trabajo) to catch up on sth;◊ mantenerse al día to keep up to date;
de un día para otro overnight;
hoy en día nowadays, these daysb) ( fecha):◊ ¿qué día es hoy? what day is it today?;
empieza el día dos it starts on the second;
el día de Año Nuevo New Year's Day;
día de los enamorados (St) Valentine's Day;
día de los inocentes December 28, ≈ April Fool's Day;
día de Reyes Epiphany;
día festivo or (AmL) feriado public holiday;
día laborable working day;
día libre ( sin trabajo) day off;
( sin compromisos) free day
2
lo haremos otro día we'll do it some other time;
un día de estos one of these days;
¡hasta otro día! so long!, see you!;
el día menos pensado when you least expect itb)
tiene los días contados his days are numbered;
hasta nuestros días (up) to the present day
día sustantivo masculino day
una vez al día, once a day
(fecha) ¿qué día es hoy?, what's the date today?
(estado del tiempo) hace buen/mal día, it's a nice/bad day o the weather is nice/bad today
(periodo de luz diurna) daytime, daylight: duerme durante el día y trabaja por la noche, she sleeps during the daytime and works at night
(momento, ocasión) el día que me toque la lotería, the day I win the lottery
se lo diré otro día, I'll tell him some other day
Día de la Madre, Mothers' Day
día festivo, holiday
día hábil/ laborable, working day
día lectivo, school day
día libre, free day, day off
día natural, day
♦ Locuciones: al día, up to date
día a día, day by day
de día, by day, during daylight
de un día para otro, overnight
del día, fresh
día y noche, twenty-four hours a day, constantly
el día de mañana, in the future
el otro día, the other day
hoy (en) día, nowadays
' día' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- actual
- ancha
- ancho
- anochecer
- anterior
- asueto
- barriga
- bastante
- bocado
- bregar
- cada
- caer
- cascar
- cháchara
- comida
- concebir
- danza
- de
- dejar
- descanso
- desgraciada
- desgraciado
- después
- despuntar
- devenir
- disgusto
- dos
- durante
- encerrarse
- encima
- estar
- fastidiarse
- festiva
- festivo
- fiesta
- fijar
- flipar
- flor
- gay
- golfa
- golfo
- gozosa
- gozoso
- hasta
- histórica
- histórico
- hoy
- infeliz
- inocentada
English:
A
- abreast
- act up
- adjourn
- after
- agenda
- all
- antisexist
- any
- April Fools' Day
- aspire
- average
- bad
- before
- Boxing Day
- bread
- break
- bright
- brightness
- by
- carry over
- catch up
- Christmas Day
- clear
- clock
- close
- commute
- coop up
- crack
- cranberry
- cream
- daily
- date
- dawn
- day
- day off
- day shift
- day trip
- daylight
- daytime
- delightful
- dinner
- disastrous
- do
- doomsday
- dream
- entire
- eruption
- escape
- event
* * *día nm1. [periodo de tiempo] day;un día de campo a day out in the countryside;todos los días every day;tres veces al día three times a day;iremos unos días a la playa we're going to the seaside for a few days;el referéndum se celebrará el día 25 de abril the referendum will take place on 25 April;un día martes one Tuesday;me voy el día 8 I'm going on the 8th;me pagan el primer día de cada mes I get paid on the first of each month;¿a qué día estamos? what day is it today?;al día siguiente (on) the following day;a los pocos días a few days later;al otro día the next day, the day after;el otro día the other day;un día sí y otro no every other day;Fam Humun día sí y (el) otro también every blessed day;Amdía por medio every other day;un día entre semana a weekday;algún día me lo agradecerás you'll thank me some day;tienes que venir por casa algún día you should come round some time o one day;¡buenos días!, RP [m5]¡buen día! good morning!;un día me voy a enfadar one of these days I'm going to get angry;el día de hoy today;el día de mañana in the future;el día menos pensado… when you least expect it…;el día que se entere, nos mata when he finds out, he'll kill us;de día en día, día a día from day to day, day by day;Méx Famestar en sus días to be having one's period;este pan está seco, no es del día this bread's stale, it's not fresh;ha sido la noticia del día it was the news of the day;en su día: en su día te lo explicaré I'll explain it to you in due course;en su día les advertí que esa inversión sería imposible I told them at the time that the investment would be impossible;la pintura abstracta no fue valorada en su día in its day abstract art wasn't highly thought of;hoy (en) día these days, nowadays;hoy no es mi día, todo me sale mal it isn't my day today, I seem to be doing everything wrong;mañana será otro día tomorrow's another day;tener un buen/mal día to have a good/bad day;has estado todo el (santo) día protestando you've been complaining all day (long), you've spent the whole day complaining;no ha parado de llover en todo el (santo) día it hasn't stopped raining all day;Famun día es un día this is a special occasion;Famtener mis/tus/sus/etc.[m5] días: ¿qué tal es tu compañero de casa? – tiene sus días what's your flatmate like? – he has his moments;vivir al día to live from hand to mouthdía de Año Nuevo New Year's Day; RP Fam el día del arquero when pigs learn to fly;día de asueto day off;día de ayuno holy day;Ferroc día azul = cheap day for rail travel in Spain;día de baja por enfermedad sick day;Esp día de la banderita Red Cross Day; RP día del canillita = day on which newspaper sellers do not work;día de colegio school day;día D D-day;día de descanso [en competición deportiva] rest day;Com día de deuda pay-by date; Esp Día de Difuntos All Souls' Day;día de los enamorados (St) Valentine's Day;día del espectador = day when some cinemas sell tickets at a discount;día festivo (public) holiday;día de fiesta holiday;RP Fam día del golero when pigs learn to fly; Com días de gracia days of grace;día de guardar holy day;día hábil working day, US workday;Día de la Hispanidad = day celebrating Columbus's landing in America [12 October], US ≈ Columbus Day;día de huelga day of action;Día de los Inocentes 28 December, ≈ April Fools' Day;el día del Juicio:Famhasta el día del Juicio until doomsday;el Día del Juicio Final Judgement Day;día laborable working day, US workday;día lectivo school o teaching day;día libre day off;día de la madre Mother's Day;Am Día de los Muertos All Souls' Day;día del padre Father's Day;día de pago payday;Am día patrio national holiday [commemorating important historical event]; Am Día de la Raza = day commemorating Columbus's landing in America [12 October], US ≈ Columbus Day;Día de Reyes Epiphany [6 January, day on which children receive presents];Ferroc día rojo = day on which rail travel is more expensive in Spain;Día de San Valentín (St) Valentine's Day;RP día sándwich = day between a public holiday and a weekend, which is also taken as a holiday; Esp Día de los Santos Difuntos All Souls' Day;día señalado red-letter day;el Día del Señor Corpus Christi;Día de Todos los Santos All Saints' Day;día del trabajador Labour Day;día de trabajo working day, US workday;me pagan por día de trabajo I get paid for each day's work;día útil working day, US workday;día de vigilia day of abstinence2. [luz diurna] daytime, day;los días son más cortos en invierno the days are shorter in winter;al caer el día at dusk;día y noche day and night;en pleno día, a plena luz del día in broad daylight;de día in the daytime, during the day;es de día it's daytime;despierta, ya es de día wake up, it's morning o it's already light;hacer algo de día to do sth in the daytime o during the day;como el día a la noche: son tan parecidos como el día a la noche they are as like as chalk and cheese3. [tiempo atmosférico] day;un día lluvioso a rainy day;hacía un día caluroso/invernal it was a hot/wintry day;hace un día estupendo para pasear it's a lovely day for a walk, it's lovely weather for walking;hace buen/mal día it's a lovely/dismal day;mañana hará un mal día tomorrow the weather will be bad;¿qué tal día hace? what's the weather like today?4.días [tiempo, vida] days;desde entonces hasta nuestros días from that time until the present;en los días de la República in the days of the Republic;en mis días in my day;en aquellos días no había televisión in those days we didn't have television;en aquellos días de felicidad in those happy times;terminó sus días en la pobreza he ended his days in poverty;no pasar los días por o [m5]para alguien: los días no pasan por o [m5] para ella she doesn't look her age;tener los días contados: el régimen/tigre de Bengala tiene los días contados the regime's/Bengal tiger's days are numberedestá al día de todo lo que ocurre en la región she's up to date with everything that's going on in the region;estamos al día de todos nuestros pagos we're up to date with all our payments;poner algo/a alguien al día to update sth/sb;ya me han puesto al día sobre la situación de la empresa they've already updated me o filled me in on the company's situation;tenemos que poner este informe al día we have to update this report o bring this report up to date;se ha puesto al día de los últimos acontecimientos he's caught up with the latest developments* * *m1 ( veinticuatro horas) day;¿qué día es hoy?, ¿a qué día estamos? what day is it today?;al día siguiente the following o next day, the day after;el otro día the other day;un día sí y otro no every other day;un día sí y otro también every day, day in day out;día por medio every other day;día tras día day after day;para otro from one day to the next;de día en día from day to day;todo el santo día all day long;todos los días every day;de hoy en ocho días a week from today o from now;a los pocos días a few days later;mañana será otro día tomorrow’s another day:al día up to date;poner al día update, bring up to date3:de día by day, during the day;ya es de día it’s light already;se hizo de día dawn o day broke;día y noche night and day;¡buenos días! good morning!4:hace mal día tiempo it’s a nasty day5:algún día, un día some day, one day;un día de estos one of these days;un día es un día this is a special occasion;el día menos pensado when you least expect it;el día de mañana in the future, one day;el día a día the day-to-day routine;hoy en día nowadays;en su día in due course;tiene sus días contados his/her/its days are numbered;¡hasta otro día! see you around!;* * *día nm1) : daytodos los días: every day2) : daytime, daylightde día: by day, in the daytimeen pleno día: in broad daylight3)al día : up-to-date4)en su día : in due time* * *día n1. (en general) day¿qué día es hoy? what day is it today?2. (horas de luz) daytime / daylight93 compañía
f.1 company, enterprise, business, association.2 visitor, visitant.3 companionship, fellowship, company.4 company, small body of troops.* * *1 company\en compañía de in the company ofhacer compañía a alguien to keep somebody companycompañía de seguros insurance companycompañía de teatro theatre (US theater) companymalas compañías bad company sing* * *noun f.* * *SF1) [gen] companyen compañía de — with, accompanied by, in the company of
pasé la tarde en compañía de unos amigos — I spent the afternoon with o frm in the company of some friends
andar en malas compañías, frecuentar malas compañías — to keep bad company
2) (Com, Teat, Rel) company3) (Mil) company* * *1)a) ( acompañamiento) company2) ( empresa) company, firm3) (Mil) company•* * *1)a) ( acompañamiento) company2) ( empresa) company, firm3) (Mil) company•* * *compañía11 = company, ship, outfit.Ex: Among the companies offering 'Mice' are Microsoft, Vision and Apple, but more are anticipated.
Ex: English companionships (or ships as they were usually called) were first described in Stower's manual of 1808.Ex: The author compares the advantages and disadvantages of buying from the larger established companies and smaller outfits.* autorizado por la compañía = company-approved.* compañía aérea = airline, airline carrier.* compañía aérea barata = low-cost airline.* compañía aseguradora = insurer.* compañía aseguradora de vida = life-insurance company.* compañía cibernética = dot-com [dot.com].* compañía cinematográfica = film production company.* compañía comercial = business firm.* compañía con solera = mature company.* compañía de baile = dance company.* compañía de compra por alquiler = hire-purchase company.* compañía de confección de ropa = clothing company.* compañía de correos, teléfonos y telecomunicaciones = PTT (Posts, Telephones and Telecommunications).* compañía de danza = dance company.* compañía dedicada a la información = information company.* compañía de electricidad = power company.* compañía de fusileros = rifle company.* Compañía de Jesús, la = Society of Jesus, the.* compañía de música rock = rock company.* compañía de nueva creación = startup [start-up].* compañía de radio televisión = broadcaster.* compañía de ropa = clothing company.* compañía de seguros = insurance company, insurer.* compañía de seguros de vida = life-insurance company.* compañía de suministro de energía = energy company.* Compañía de Telecomunicaciones Británica = British Telecom (BT).* Compañía de Telecomunicaciones Británica (BT) = British Telecom (BT).* compañía de teléfonos = telephone company.* compañía de televisión = television company.* compañía de televisión por cable = cable company.* compañía de viajes = travel company.* compañía de vuelos chárter = charter airline.* compañía discográfica = record company, record label, music company.* compañía eléctrica = power company.* compañía embotelladora = bottler.* compañía en Internet = dot-com [dot.com].* compañía farmacéutica = pharmaceutical company.* compañía hipotecaria = mortgage company.* compañía industrial = industrial firm.* compañía inmobiliaria = real estate company.* compañía minera = mining company.* compañía naviera = shipping company.* compañía pretrolera = oil company.* compañía privada = private company.* compañía publicitaria = advertising firm.* compañía suministradora de agua = water authority, water board.* compañía suministradora de agua = water company.* compra de una compañía por otra = corporate takeover.* empleado de la compañía suministradora de agua = water board engineer.* nombre de compañía = company name.* oferta de compra de una compañía por otra = takeover bid.* sistema de compañías = companionship system.compañía22 = companionship.Nota: Asociación de compositores que surgió en el siglo XIX para realizar trabajos de composición en cooperación y dirigida por un 'capataz' (clickler) y cuyos miembros se denominaban 'compañeros' (companions). Véase ship para otras entradas acabadas con este sufijo.Ex: A companionship was a team of piecework compositors, led by one of their number, who co-operated in the setting of a book and submitted a single bill for the work, the proceeds of which were then divided amongst themselves.
* buena compañía = good company.* dos son compañía, tres multitud = two is a company, three is a crowd.* en buena compañía = in good company.* mala compañía = bad apple, rotten apple, damaged goods.* servicio de compañía = escort service.* * *A1 (acompañamiento) companyllegó en compañía de sus abogados he arrived accompanied by his lawyersel gato me hace mucha compañía the cat keeps me company, the cat is good company for meme quedé un rato para hacerle compañía I stayed a while to keep him companyRosario y compañía, esto es un examen ( fam hum); Rosario and co., this is an exam ( colloq hum)(amistades): trata de evitar las malas compañías be careful of the company you keepse dejó llevar por las malas compañías he fell in with the wrong kind of peopleB (empresa) company, firm[ S ] Muñoz y Compañía Muñoz and Co.Compuestos:water companyelectricity company( AmL); front companygas companyregistered companyinsurance companysoftware housefront companyC ( Mil) companyD ( Teatr) companyla actriz formó su propia compañía the actress formed her own companyCompuestos:repertory companytheater* companyE(agrupación): una compañía religiosa a religious societyCompuesto:Society of Jesus* * *
compañía sustantivo femenino
1 ( acompañamiento) company;
hacerle compañía a algn to keep sb company;
andar en malas compañías to keep bad company
2 ( empresa) company, firm;
compañía de teatro theater( conjugate theater) company;
( on signs) Muñoz y Compañía Muñoz and Co.
<s3 num="3"> (Mil) company</s3>
compañía sustantivo femenino
1 company
hacer compañía (a alguien), to keep sb company
2 Mil company
3 (empresa) company
compañía de baile, dance company
' compañía' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
Cía
- con
- corte
- discográfica
- discográfico
- gustar
- itinerante
- lema
- perra
- perro
- petrolera
- petrolero
- primera
- primero
- socia
- socio
- sola
- solitaria
- solitario
- solo
- acompañar
- asegurador
- Cía.
- constituir
- empresa
- filial
- ingreso
- íngrimo
- pérdida
- presidencia
- presidente
- presidir
- ruina
- sede
- trato
English:
ABC
- acquire
- action
- after-care
- answering service
- antiaging
- appropriate
- atomize
- attrition rate
- audit
- bankruptcy
- base
- BBC
- board
- busline
- company
- conception
- directive
- disconnect
- dissolution
- dividend
- drastic
- enjoyable
- entail
- enterprise
- equalize
- exercise
- export
- flourish
- focus
- fold
- forefront
- fourteenth
- freeze
- funnel
- go under
- gofer
- greyhound
- guideline
- insurance company
- keep
- lion
- list
- manufacturer
- market
- misuse
- overseas
- public
- society
- troop
* * *compañía nf1. [cercanía] company;en compañía de accompanied by, in the company of;hacer compañía a alguien to keep sb company2. [acompañante] company;andar en malas compañías to keep bad company;ahora tienen compañía, volveré más tarde they've got company just now, I'll come back later;¿quiénes han sido? – Fernando y compañía, como de costumbre who was it? – Fernando and co., as usual3. [empresa] company;Fernández y Compañía Fernández and Companycompañía aérea airline;compañía discográfica record company;compañía eléctrica electricity company;compañía naviera shipping company;compañía petrolera oil company;compañía de seguros insurance company;compañía telefónica telephone company4. [de teatro, danza] companyCompañía Nacional de Danza National Dance Company;compañía de repertorio repertory company5. [en ejército] company6. la Compañía de Jesús the Society of Jesus, the Jesuits* * *f company;en compañía de with, in the company of;hacer compañía a alguien keep s.o. company;malas compañías pl bad company sg* * *compañía nf1) : companyllegó en compañía de su madre: he arrived with his mother2) empresa, firma: firm, company* * *94 coopération
coopération [kɔɔpeʀasjɔ̃]feminine nouna. ( = collaboration) cooperation* * *koɔpeʀasjɔ̃1) gén ( collaboration) cooperation* * *kɔɔpeʀasjɔ̃ nfune coopération renforcée — greater cooperation, increased cooperation, ADMINISTRATION
la Coopération — Voluntary Service Overseas Grande-Bretagne the Peace Corps USA (done as alternative to military service)
* * *coopération nf2 Mil, Pol form of national service consisting of working abroad; faire son service dans le cadre de la coopération to work abroad in lieu of military service.[kɔɔperasjɔ̃] nom féminin1. [collaboration] cooperation3. ADMINISTRATION & MILITAIREform of National Service in which the person works abroad on an aid project95 promouvoir
promouvoir [pʀɔmuvwaʀ]➭ TABLE 27 transitive verb* * *pʀɔmuvwaʀverbe transitif ( faire la promotion de) to promote; ( dans la hiérarchie) to promote; ( honorifiquement) to elevate* * *pʀɔmuvwaʀ vt* * *promouvoir verb table: mouvoir vtr1 ( faire la promotion de) to promote [produit, idée, action, paix, investissement];2 ( dans la hiérarchie) to promote; promouvoir qn (au rang de) sergent to promote sb (to the rank of) sergeant;3 ( honorifiquement) to elevate; promouvoir qn héros national to elevate sb to the status of national hero.[prɔmuvwar] verbe transitif1. [faire monter en grade] to promote96 revenu
revenu [ʀəv(ə)ny]masculine noun[de particulier, domaine] income uncount (de from ) ; [de capital, investissement] yield (de from, on)► revenu minimum d'insertion minimum welfare payment given to those who are not entitled to unemployment benefit* * *ʀəv(ə)ny, ʀvənyPhrasal Verbs:* * *ʀ(ə)v(ə)ny revenu, -e1. ppSee:2. nm1) (= rémunération) income, [État] revenue2) [capital] yield3. revenus nmpl(= rémunération) income sg* * *1 Fisc ( de personne) income; ( de l'État) revenue ¢; revenu brut/disponible/imposable/annuel gross/disposable/taxable/annual income; avoir de gros revenus to have a large income; être sans revenus to have no income; tirer un revenu de to get an income from; politique des revenus incomes policy; revenus publics or de l'État public ou state revenue;revenu minimum d'insertion, RMI Prot Soc minimum benefit payment; revenu non salarial unearned income; revenu salarial earned income.ⓘ Revenu minimum d'insertion Introduced in 1988, the RMI is an allowance designed to support the poorest members of society by bringing them above the poverty line, but also giving them rights of access to other allowances and social security benefits.[rəvəny] nom masculin1. [rétribution - d'une personne] income (substantif non comptable)elle a de gros/petits revenus she has a large/small incomerevenu par habitant ou par tête per capita income2. [recettes - de l'État] revenuerevenus publics ou de l'État public revenueun investissement produisant un revenu de 7 % an investment with a 7% rate of return[dividende] yield4. [bénéfice]97 salut
salut [saly]1. masculine nounb. ( = sauvegarde) safetyc. ( = rédemption) salvation2. exclamation* * *salynom masculin1) ( salutation) greeting2) ( geste) salute4) Religion ( rédemption) salvation5) ( hommage) homage (à to)* * *saly1. nm1) (= geste) wave, (= parole) greeting2) MILITAIRE salute3) RELIGION salvation4)Elle ne doit son salut qu'à l'intervention de ses voisins. — She owes her life to the fact that her neighbours took action.
2. excl* (pour dire bonjour) hello!, hi!, * (pour dire au revoir) see you!, * bye!, ** * *salut nm1 ( salutation) greeting; salut! ( bonjour) hello!, hi!; ( au revoir) bye!; salut à ta sœur! say hello to your sister!; salut les filles/les copains/beauté! hi girls/pals/beautiful!; salut amical friendly greeting; salut de la main wave (of the hand); salut de la tête nod; salut des acteurs bow;2 ( geste) salute; salut fasciste/militaire fascist/military salute; salut au drapeau salute to the coloursGB ou flag; faire le salut militaire to salute;3 ( secours) salvation (dans in); être le salut de qn to be sb's salvation; apporter le salut to offer salvation; trouver son salut dans qch to find one's salvation in sth; le salut se trouve dans salvation lies in; devoir son salut à to owe one's salvation to; salut national or public national salvation;4 Relig ( rédemption) salvation; obtenir son salut to find salvation; hors de l'Église point de salut no salvation outside the Church;[saly] nom masculin1. [marque de politesse]a. [en paroles] he returned her greetingb. [de la main] he waved back at heren guise ou signe de salut as a greeting3. [survie - d'une personne, d'un pays] salvation, safety ; [ - d'une entreprise, d'une institution] salvationchercher/trouver le salut dans la fuite to seek/to find safety in flight4. (littéraire) [sauveur] saviour————————[saly] interjection(familier) [en arrivant] hi ou hello ou hullo (there)salut la compagnie! [en partant] bye everybody!98 unità
f invar unitunità monetaria monetary unitunità di misura unit of measurementinformation technology driveunità a dischetti disk driveunità pl periferiche peripherals, devices* * *unità s.f.1 unity: unità di azione, di luogo, di tempo, unity of action, of place, of time; unità di ideali, unity of ideals; l'unità di una nazione, the unity of a nation; unità politica, linguistica, political, linguistic unity; l'unità della famiglia è in crisi, the unity of the family is in crisis; l'unità di un'opera letteraria, the unity of a literary work; (teol.) l'unità di Dio, the oneness of God3 (mil.) unit: unità aviotrasportata, airborne unit; unità tattica, tactical unit; alcune unità della nostra flotta, del nostro esercito furono distrutte, a few units of our fleet, of our army were destroyed; (mar.) unità da superficie, surface vessel4 (metrol.) unit: unità assoluta, absolute unit; unità astronomica, astronomical unit; unità di misura del calore, thermal unit; unità di lunghezza, peso, tempo, volume, unit of length, weight, time, volume; unità elettrica, electric unit; unità elettromagnetica, electromagnetic unit; unità elettrostatica, electrostatic unit; sistema di unità, unit system // unità monetaria, monetary unit5 (mat.) unity; unit: la colonna delle unità, the units column; ridurre un coefficiente all'unità, to reduce a coefficient to unity6 (inform.) unit; drive; ( per l'elaborazione di informazioni) equipment unit; ( di produzione) operation: unità a nastro magnetico, magnetic tape drive; unità a schede magnetiche, magnetic card unit; unità centrale, central processing unit (abbr. CPU), (IBM) processing unit; unità periferica, terminal, peripheral unit; unità di affissione, readout; unità di calcolo, computer; unità di esecuzione, run unit; unità di informazione, frame; unità di innesco, bootstrap device; unità di uscita, output drive; unità disco, disk drive (o disk file); unità dischi, (HONEYWELL) file; unità pilota, master unit; unità video, display unit; (tel.) unità di chiamata automatica, automatic calling unit (abbr. ACU).* * *[uni'ta]sostantivo femminile invariabile1) unity3) mat. metrol. unitunità di lunghezza, di peso — unit of lenght, weight
unità di volume, di superficie — cubic, square measure
4) mil. (sezione) unit, command5) med. ind. (reparto) unit•unità didattica — scol. unit
unità disco — inform. disk drive, drive unit
unità di misura — measure, unit of measurement
unità operativa — mil. task force
unità sanitaria locale — = formerly, local health authority
unità video — inform. display unit
* * *unità/uni'ta/f.inv.1 unity; un romanzo privo di unità a novel that lacks cohesion o unity; l'unità nazionale national unity2 (unificazione) l'unità d'Italia the unification of Italy3 mat. metrol. unit; unità di lunghezza, di peso unit of lenght, weight; unità di volume, di superficie cubic, square measure4 mil. (sezione) unit, command5 med. ind. (reparto) unitunità cinofila canine corps; unità coronarica coronary care unit; unità didattica scol. unit; unità disco inform. disk drive, drive unit; unità di misura measure, unit of measurement; unità monetaria currency unit; unità operativa mil. task force; unità sanitaria locale = formerly, local health authority; unità video inform. display unit.99 Villiers, Philippe de
Right-wing nationalist politician, leader of the sovereignist Mouvement pour la France (Movement for France) party. An aristocrat from the Vendée department of western France, de Villiers was for six years (1987-1993) a député (member of parliament) for Valéry Giscard d'Estaing's centre-right UDF party. He was briefly Secretary of State for communication under Jacques Chirac. Since 1997, he has sat as an independent ("non-inscrit") member of parliament for Vendée. De Villiers benefits from very strong popular support in his fief of Vendée, and is regularly returned with huge majorities - which is quite surprising for a politician of the far right. However it is as leader of the MPF and as for his action as a local politician that he has really made his mark.It was in the 1977 that he first created the "Cinéscénie" son et lumière historical reenactment spectacle at le Puy du Fou, a castle in Vendée; since then, he has transformed the site into one of the biggest tourist attractions in France, with the addition of a permanent historical theme park. In 1988 he was elected leader of the Vendée county council (Président du conséil général), a position that he has held ever since.Thanks to his aristocratic catholic family background, and his personal charisma, de Villiers has managed to achieve a status as the acceptable face of right-wing nationalism, quite different from that of the other right-wing leaders in France, such as Jean Marie Le Pen of the National Front. In spite of a number of brushes with the law following various pronouncements on Islam and immigration, de Villiers remains popular. His strident participation in the debate over the European Constitution was certainly a factor that contributed to French voters' rejection of the project in the 2005 referendum. However, when competing on a national stage, de Villiers' real position as a marginal figure in French politics is more apparent. As a candidate in the 2007 Presidential Election, he scored just 2.2% of the vote, and even in his Vendée heartland, only 11.3% of voters chose him in the first round.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Villiers, Philippe de
100 Equestrianism
Equestrianism or Equitation has an ancient tradition in Portugal. Although today this sport of horseback riding, which is related to the art and science of horse breeding, is a peaceful activity, for centuries Portugal's use of the horse in cavalry was closely associated with war. Beginning in the 18th century, the activity became connected to bull- fighting. In war, the Portuguese used horse cavalry longer than most other European nations. While most armies gave up the horse for mechanized cavalry or tanks after World War I, Portugal was reluctant to change this tradition. Oddly, Portugal used a specialized form of cavalry in combat as late as 1969-1971, in Angola, a colony of Portugal until 1975. Portugal's army in Angola, engaged in a war with Angolan nationalist forces, employed the so-called "Dragoons," a specialized cavalry in rural areas, until 1971, a case perhaps of the last use of cavalry in modern warfare.Soccer, or futebol, is Portugal's favorite mass sport today, but equestrianism retains a special place in sports as a now democratized, if somewhat elite, sport for both Portuguese and visiting foreign riders. As of 1900, equestrianism was still the sport of royalty and aristocracy, but in the 21st century persons from all classes and groups enjoy it. The sport now features the unique Lusitano breed of horse, which evolved from earlier breeds of Iberian ponies and horses. Touring equestrianism recently has become an activity of niche tourism, and it is complemented by international competitive riding. Following the early 20th century, when the Olympics were revived, Portuguese competitors have excelled not only in sailing, field hockey on roller-skates, rowing, and marksmanship, but also in equestrianism. Notable Portuguese riders were medal winners in summer Olympics such as those of 1948 and 1988. This sport is engaged in primarily if not exclusively in regions with a history of horse breeding, riding, and cattle herding, in Ribatejo and Alentejo provinces, and has featured career military participants.Portuguese equestrianism, including the use of horses in bull-fighting, hunting, and other forms of sport, as well as in horse cavalry in war, was long associated with the lifestyles of royalty and the nobility. The use of traditional, Baroque riding gear and garb in competitive riding, instruction, and bull-fighting reflects such a tradition. Riders in bull-fighting or in exhibitions wear 18th-century male costumes that include a tricornered hat, long frock coats, breeches, stockings, and buckled shoes. The Ribatejo "cowboy" or riding herder wears the regional costume of a green and red cap, red tunic, white breeches and stockings, Portuguese bridles, and chaps sometimes made of olive leaves.Although their prestigious classical riding academy remains less well known than the famous Spanish Riding School of Vienna, Portugal has preserved the ancient tradition of a classical riding school in its Royal School of Portuguese Equestrian Arts, at Queluz, not far from the National Palace of Queluz, a miniature Portuguese Versailles, with a hall of mirrors, tiled garden, and canal. One of the great riding masters and trainers was the late Nuno Oliveira (1925-89), whose work generated a worldwide network of students and followers and who published classic riding manuals. Oliveira's widely admired method of instruction was to bring about a perfect harmony of action between horse and rider, an inspiration to new generations of riders.СтраницыСм. также в других словарях:
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