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121 VÍÐR
I)(gen. -ar; pl. -ir, acc. -u), m.1) tree (hann sá einn íkorna í viðum uppi);2) forest, wood; sól gengr til viðar, the sun sets;3) felled trees, timber (nú vil ek at þú takir mjöl ok við);4) mast.prep. = við I.= vinnr, from vinna.* * *víð, vítt, adj., compar. víðari, superl. víðastr; [A. S. wid; Engl. wide; Germ. weit; Dan. vid]:—wide, large, of extension; víðr ok rúmr sjór, Stj. 78; víðir skógar, Eg. 130; víð mörk, 57; víðan skjöld, Stj. 461; víða öxi, Sturl. i. 63; pallar svá víðir, at …, Grág. i. 4, passim: allit. phrase, á víða vega, wide abroad, broadcast, Sdm. 46; víðs vegar, in all directions, being scattered about; flýja víðs vegar, Fms. ii. 217, vi. 87; dreifask víðs vegar, Eg. 530.2. neut.; yfir Noregi svá vítt sem Haraldr inn Hárfagri hafði átt, Fms. v. 238; nú brennr víðara enn hann vildi, Grág. ii. 295; áin féll miklu víðara, Stj. 284; nema hann hafi hross lengr eða víðara, more widely, for a greater distance, Grág. i. 433; um allan Noreg ok enn miklu víðara, Hkr. i. 71; um allt Hálogaland ok þó víðara hvar, Fas. ii. 504; förum heldr víðara til, Fms. vi. 151; leggja eld í Hallvarðs-kirkju ok víðara ( in more places) í bæinn, vii. 212.II. víðs, gen. used as adverb, mostly spelt viz, very far, full; enn er hann vildi tala hann þá var hann víðs fjarri, very far off, Edda i. 344 (Cod. Worm., vitz Cod. Reg.); viz ramligr, full strong, Merl. 2. 50; viz errilig, very fierce, Fms. vi. 169 (in a verse); viz mörg ekkja, full many a widow, Mork. (in a verse).B. COMPDS: víðbláinn, víðbygðr, víðfaðmr, víðfeðmir, víðfleygr, víðflögull, víðfrægja, víðfrægr, víðförli, víðförull, víðgymnir, víðgyrðill, víðheimr, víðleikr, víðlenda, víðlendi, víðlendr, víðliga, víðligr, víðopnir, víðræðr, víðræss, víðsýni, víðsýnn. -
122 vísi
m. poet. leader, chief.* * *1.a, m. a guide, leader, captain, = vísir (II), only in poets, Hdl., Hkv., Edda (Gl.) Lex. Poët.; skeiðar-vísi, a pilot, steersman, Baut. 816.2.f. knowledge, science; mostly in compds, ætt-vísi: of manners, in læ-vísi, dramb-vísi. -
123 VÆTT
I)(pl. -ir), f.1) prop. weight (þat fé allt, er at vættum skal kaupa);2) of a definite weight, in Norway = 1/24 of a skippund; in Iceland = 80 lbs. (þrjár vættir ullar).* * *f. [A. S. wiht; Engl. weight; Germ. ge-wicht; Dan. vægt]:—prop. weight; þat fé allt er at vættum skal kaupa, Grág. (Kb.) i. 238; göra aflaga um álnar eðr vættir, measure or weight, i. 463 A; reiða rangar vættir, 499, ii. 19; einir pundarar ok einar vættir, Gþl. 522; butII. mostly used of a definite weight,1. in Norway = 1/24th of a ‘skippund;’ fjórar vættir ok tuttugu skolu göra skippnnd, þær sem hver þeirra standi halfa níundu mörk ok tuttugu ok átta ertogar, N. G. L. ii. 166, D. N. passim; sjau vættir malts ok sex aurar silfrs, … tveggja vætta leigu ok eyrisból, D. N. ii. 17 and passim; Kolnisk vætt, D. N.2. in Icel. = 80 lbs.; þat er lögpundari er átta fjórðungar eru í vætt, Grág. i. 499; átta fjórðunga vætt, 362, 383; jarnketill nýr ok úeldr vegi hálfa vætt, 501; þrjár vættir ullar, … þrjár vættir mjöls … vætt fiska, smjörs … vætt spiks, … þrjá tigi vætta hvals, etc., Grág.; þetta á kirkja, tvær vættir skreiðar, vætt smjörs, vætt kjöts, byttu skyrs, Pm. 34; hafa til tíu vætta í skógi, ok svá timbr til at húsa, 104, and so in mod. usage. -
124 VÖMB
(gen. vambar), f. ‘womb’, belly, paunch; kýla vömbina, to fill the belly.* * *f., gen. vambar; [Ulf. wamba = κοιλία; A. S. wamb; Engl. womb; Scot. wame; Germ. wamme, wanst; Lat. venter; Gr. ὀμφαλός]:—a womb, belly, but mostly in a low sense, especially of beasts (the Engl. womb is in Icel. kviðr); þenja vömbina, to fill the belly. Fms. viii. 436: kýla vómb sína á miði ok mungáti, Fs. 4, Fas. i. 493; ok aum í vömb, Bjarn. (in a verse); sauðar-vömb, kýr-vömb, gor-vömb, Vambar-ljóð, the name of a lay, Maurer’s Volksagen 317.COMPDS: Vambardalr, Vambarhólmr. -
125 yfir-sókn
f. = yfirför, mostly as a law term, almost the same as veizla; Sveinn konungr gaf honum jarldóm ok Halland til yfirsóknar, Fms. vi. 295, Orkn. 66; lén ok yfirsókn, Fms. i. 87; ármenning, syslu, yfirsókn, Ó. H. 174, Fms. x. 196, passim.2. a visitation, survey, K. Þ. K. 61, v. l.; yfirsóknar-maðr, a surveyor, eccl., H. E. i. 255, and in a secular sense, N. G. L. i. 18. -
126 ÞESSI
(þessi, þetta), dem. pron. this (þessi kona, or kona þessi);í þessu, in this moment.* * *fem. þessi, neut. þetta, a demonstr. pron.A. THE FORMS.—The Icel., like other Teut. languages, except the Goth., has two demonstr. prons., one simple, sá sú þat, another emphatic or deictic, þessi, þetta (cp. Gr. ὁ and ὅδε, Lat. hic and hicce); the latter is a compound word, the particle -si, sometimes changed into -sa, being suffixed to the cases of the simple pronoun; Dr. Egilsson, in Lex. Poët., first explained that this suffix was the imperative ‘see,’ Goth. sai; þessi, as well as the Engl. thi-s, the-se, tho-se, is therefore qs. the-see, that-see. The forms vary much:I. the earliest declension is with the suffixed particle, like -gi in ein-gi, q. v., indeclinable; it is mostly so on the Runic stones, where we find the following forms,—dat. þeim-si ( huic-ce), Rafn 178; acc. þann-si ( hunc-ce), passim; þá-si ( hanc-ce): plur. þeir-si ( hi-ce); dat. þeim-si ( his-ce); acc. þá-si ( hos-ce); neut. plur. þau-si ( haec-ce), passim: of this declension the vellums have only preserved the dat. sing. neut. því-sa, and the dat. masc. sing. and plur. þeim-a. On the Runic stones the acc. masc. sing. and plur., the acc. fem. plur., and the acc. neut. plur. are, so to say, standing phrases—to raise ‘this stone,’ ‘these stones,’ or ‘these kumbls’ (neut. plur.), or to carve ‘these Runes;’ but the other cases can only be assumed from later forms; in the Runic inscriptions they are wanting, because there was no occasion for them; thus því-sa and þeima are freq. in old Icel. vellums, but are hardly met with in Runes. Even nom. sing. masc. and fem. sá-si ( hic-ce) and sú-si ( haec-ce) are said to occur in two or three Runic inscriptions.II. the whole word was next turned into a regular adjective with the inflexion at the end, just like margr from mann-gi, öngr from ein-gi, in which case the suffix became assimilated to the preceding pronoun, sometimes the inflexive s and sometimes the final letter of the pronoun prevailing; hence arose the forms as given in Gramm. p. xxi:α. the s prevailed in the forms þessi qs. þer-si; in þes-sa; in þessum qs. þeim-sum, þem-sum; rununi þimsum ( hisce literis) occurs in Rafn 165, but is there erroneously explained; in þessu qs. því-su: acc. plur. þessa qs. þá-sa, þessar qs. þær-sar, þessi qs. þau-si.β. again, the final of the pronoun prevailed in þenna qs. þann-sa, þetta qs. þat-sa; so also in þeima, which stands for þeimnia, which again is an assimilation for þeim-sa or þeim-si.2. the older form for gen. and dat. sing. fem., as also gen. plur., is bisyllabic (gen. þessa, dat. þessi, gen. plur. þessa); þessar messu, Hom. 41; þessar upp-rásar, Fms. i. 166: í þessi útlegð, 78; af þessi sótt, ix. 390; til þessa saka, Grág. i. 324, and passim; hence, later, þessarrar, þessarri, þessarra; thus, þessarrar, MS. 544. 151; þessarri, Sks. 672 B; þessarrar, 786 B, and so in mod. usage.III. a spec. form is þessor (q. v.), formed like nokkorr or engarr, but only used in nom. sing. fem. and nom. acc. neut. plur. (þessor bæn, þessor orð); it seems to be a Norse form: [A. S. þes, pl. þâs; Engl. this, these; Hel. þese; O. H. G. deser; Germ. dieser; Dan.-Swed. denne is formed from the old acc. þenna; pl. disse.]B. THE SENSE.— This, pl. these. For the usages see the writers passim; it suffices to observe, that þessi is used both as adjective and as substantive; as adjective it may be placed before or after its noun (þessi kona or kona þessi): ellipt. usages are, í þessu, in this moment, Fms. ii. 60; í þessi (viz. hríð), in this nick of time, x. 415. For its usage with the article inn, see hinn, p. 263, col. 1 (II. 1); þessi inn skakk-borni, sveinn, Al. 29; þenna inn unga dreng, 656 C. 32, and passim. -
127 ÞRÁR
(þrá, þrátt), a. stubborn, obstinate (þótt þú sér svá þrár, at þú vilir engis manns ráði hlýða); neut., þrátt as adv., frequently.* * *þrá, þrátt, adj. stubborn, obstinate, mostly in a bad sense; þráir ok kappsamir, Ísl. ii. 368; miklu er hann ráðgari ok þrárri á þat sem hann vill fram fara, Fms. vi. 382; en þeir er þrástir vóru á sitt mál vildu berjask, viii. 411, freq. in mod. usage.2. neut. þrátt as adv., frequently; hvat vit munum tala svá þrátt á kveldum, Fms. vi. 394, viii. 436; finnask þar þrátt rauðir gimsteinar, Stj. 72; þrátt-nefndr, often named, Jb. 446; þrátt ok iðugliga, D. N. i. 195.B. COMPDS, constantly: þrá-beiting, f. a beating-up to the wind, a naut. term; ef menn beita þrábeiting, Jb. 399. þrá-bænn, adj. begging hard, Stj. 206, Post. þrá-fylginn, adj. persevering, Fas. iii. 195. þrá-girni, f. a contentions spirit, obstinacy, Hým., Fb. iii. 246, Blas. 49, Fms. v. 239, Hkr. ii. 237. þrá-gjarn, adj. obstinate, Akv. 43. þrá-gjarnliga, adv. repeatedly, over and over again, Gkv. 2. 17, 31. þrá-halda, hélt, to hold fast, stick to, Fb. i. 228. þrá-haldr, adj. obstinate, stubborn, Fms. i. 305, Orkn. 34. þrá-kelkinn, adj. (-kelkni, f.), dogged, obstinate, pig-headed. þrá-látr, adj. stubborn, Stj. 449, Fb. ii. 261. þrá-leikr, m. perseverance in, Al. 119. þrá-liga (q. v.), adv. frequently. þrá-ligr (q. v.), adj. frequent, incessant, þrá-lífr, adj. tenacious of life, Ýt. þrá-lyndi, f. stubbornness, Fms. vii. 21, viii. 436, x. 292, 306, Glúm. 358, Fs. 36, 49, Bret. þrá-lyndr, adj. obstinate, stubborn, Finnb. 348, Fms. x. 177, 292, Fs. 166, Stj. 230. þrá-læti, n. = þrályndi, Karl. 540. þrá-mæli, n. a bandying of words, Am. 103. þrá-reip, n. tight, strong ropes, Sól. 77. þrá-rækiligr, adj. obstinate, Róm. 336. þrá-samliga, adv. very frequent, Ísl. ii. 363, Fms. x. 507. þrá-seta, u, f. sitting one out, Fms. viii. 441, Jb. 278. þrá-viðri, n. a constant adverse wind, Norske Saml. v. 159. þrá-yrði, n. = þrámæli, Barl. 125.C. Þrár, þrá, þrátt, decomposed, stale; þrátt kjöt, þrár fiskr, stale fish; lík-þrár, ‘flesh-rotten,’ leprous. -
128 þung-bærr
adj. heavy to bear, Eg. 379, Ld. 130: mostly metaph. burdensome. Eg. 226, Hkr. ii. 63, and so in mod. usage.
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