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101 применение в военных целях
military application, military useРусско-английский физический словарь > применение в военных целях
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102 дорожный знак подача звукового сигнала запрещена
Military: "use of audible warning, devices prohibited"Универсальный русско-английский словарь > дорожный знак подача звукового сигнала запрещена
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103 использовать дипломатическое воздействие
Military: use diplomatic influenceУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > использовать дипломатическое воздействие
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104 использовать для выполнения задач непосредственной авиационной поддержки
Military: use for close air support missionsУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > использовать для выполнения задач непосредственной авиационной поддержки
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105 использовать для выполнения задач по изоляции поля боя
Military: use for interdiction missionsУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > использовать для выполнения задач по изоляции поля боя
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106 использовать пулемёт в качестве ручного или в качестве станкового оружия для ведения непрерывного огня
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > использовать пулемёт в качестве ручного или в качестве станкового оружия для ведения непрерывного огня
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107 использовать ядерную энергию в мирных целях
Military: use nuclear energy for peaceful purposesУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > использовать ядерную энергию в мирных целях
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108 применение (вооружённой) силы
Military: use of forceУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > применение (вооружённой) силы
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109 применение средств связи
Military: use of communication facilitiesУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > применение средств связи
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110 применить в боевых условиях
Military: use operationallyУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > применить в боевых условиях
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111 применять в боевых условиях
Military: use operationallyУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > применять в боевых условиях
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112 использование
application, use, utilization, employment, exercise; (в своих интересах) exploitationбесконтрольное использование — uncontrolled application / use (of)
военное или любое иное враждебное использование средств воздействия на природную среду — military or any other hostile use of environmental modification techniques
комплексное использование — comprehensive use / utilization (of)
мирное использование — peaceful use (of)
многоразовое использование (космических кораблей типа "Шаттл" и т.п.) — manifold use
рациональное использование — rational use / utilization (of)
хищническое использование природных богатств — wasteful exploitation of natural wealth / resources
эффективное использование материальных и финансовых ресурсов — effective use / utilization of material and financial resources
использование в военных целях — application / use for military purposes, military utility / use
использование в мирных целях — application / use for peaceful purposes, peaceful application
использование ресурсов (высвободившихся в результате разоружения и т.п.) — channeling of resources
использование служебного положения в корыстных или личных целях — jobbery
использование химических агентов / веществ — use of chemical agents
использование ядерной энергии — application / use of nuclear energy
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113 chlamys
chlamys ydis, f, χλαμύσ, a Grecian upper garment of wool, military cloak, state mantle: cum chlamyde statua: Tyria, O.: Pallas chlamyde conspectus, V.—In gen., a cloak, mantle, V., H., O.* * *IGreek cloak/cape frequently for military use; state mantle; cloak, mantleIIchlamydos/is N FGreek cloak/cape frequently for military use; state mantle; cloak, mantle -
114 Renard, Charles
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 23 November 1847 Damblain, Vosges, Franced. 13 April 1905 Chalais-Meudon, France[br]French pioneer of military aeronautics who, with A.C.Krebs, built an airship powered by an electric motor.[br]Charles Renard was a French army officer with an interest in aviation. In 1873 he constructed an unusual unmanned glider with ten wings and an automatic stabilizing device to control rolling. This operated by means of a pendulum device linked to moving control surfaces. The model was launched from a tower near Arras, but unfortunately it spiralled into the ground. The control surfaces could not cope with the basic instability of the design, but as an idea for automatic flight control it was ahead of its time.Following a Commission report on the military use of balloons, carrier pigeons and an optical telegraph, an aeronautical establishment was set up in 1877 at Chalais-Meudon, near Paris, under the direction of Charles Renard, who was assisted by his brother Paul. The following year Renard and a colleague, Arthur Krebs, began to plan an airship. They received financial help from Léon Gambetta, a prominent politician who had escaped from Paris by balloon in 1870 during the siege by the Prussians. Renard and Krebs studied earlier airship designs: they used the outside shape of Paul Haenlein's gas-engined airship of 1872 and included Meusnier's internal air-filled ballonnets. The gas-engine had not been a success so they decided on an electric motor. Renard developed lightweight pile batteries while Krebs designed a motor, although this was later replaced by a more powerful Gramme motor of 6.5 kW (9 hp). La France was constructed at Chalais-Meudon and, after a two-month wait for calm conditions, the airship finally ascended on 9 August 1884. The motor was switched on and the flight began. Renard and Krebs found their airship handled well and after twenty-three minutes they landed back at their base. La, France made several successful flights, but its speed of only 24 km/h (15 mph) meant that flights could be made only in calm weather. Parts of La, France, including the electric motor, are preserved in the Musée de l'Air in Paris.Renard remained in charge of the establishment at Chalais-Meudon until his death. Among other things, he developed the "Train Renard", a train of articulated road vehicles for military and civil use, of which a number were built between 1903 and 1911. Towards the end of his life Renard became interested in helicopters, and in 1904 he built a large twin-rotor model which, however, failed to take off.[br]Bibliography1886, Le Ballon dirigeable La France, Paris (a description of the airship).Further ReadingDescriptions of Renard and Kreb's airship are given in most books on the history of lighter-than-air flight, e.g.L.T.C.Rolt, 1966, The Aeronauts, London; pub. in paperback 1985.C.Bailleux, c. 1988, Association pour l'Histoire de l'Electricité en France, (a detailed account of the conception and operations of La France).1977, Centenaire de la recherche aéronautique à Chalais-Meudon, Paris (an official memoir on the work of Chalais-Meudon with a chapter on Renard).JDS -
115 vehículo anfibio
m.amphibian, amphibious vehicle, amphibian vehicle.* * *(n.) = amphibious vehicle, amphibian vehicleEx. The author discusses the military use of several amphibious vehicles, highlighting specific models and their roles in various battles.Ex. This amphibian vehicle has a pair of floaters for buoyancy and a helical blade fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the body.* * *(n.) = amphibious vehicle, amphibian vehicleEx: The author discusses the military use of several amphibious vehicles, highlighting specific models and their roles in various battles.
Ex: This amphibian vehicle has a pair of floaters for buoyancy and a helical blade fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the body. -
116 clamys
IGreek cloak/cape frequently for military use; state mantle; cloak, mantleIIclamydos/is N FGreek cloak/cape frequently for military use; state mantle; cloak, mantle -
117 военное применение
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > военное применение
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118 полевая кухня
1) General subject: chow wagon2) Military: mobile kitchen trailer (for military use, also used for relief operations)3) Politico-military term: field kitchen -
119 Villard de Honnecourt
[br]b. c. 1200 Honnecourt-sur-Escaut, near Cambrai, Franced. mid-13th century (?) France[br]French architect-engineer.[br]Villard was one of the thirteenth-century architect-engineers who were responsible for the design and construction of the great Gothic cathedrals and other churches of the time. Their responsibilities covered all aspects of the work, including (in the spirit of the Roman architect Vitruvius) the invention and construction of mechanical devices. In their time, these men were highly esteemed and richly rewarded, although few of the inscriptions paying tribute to their achievements have survived. Villard stands out among them because a substantial part of his sketchbook has survived, in the form of thirty-three parchment sheets of drawings and notes, now kept in the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris. Villard's professional career lasted roughly from 1225 to 1250. As a boy, he went to work on the building of the Cistercian monastery at Vaucelles, not far from Honnecourt, and afterwards he was apprenticed to the masons' lodge at Cambrai Cathedral, where he began copying the drawings and layouts on the tracing-house floor. All his drawings are, therefore, of the plans, elevations and sections of cathedrals. These buildings have long since been destroyed, but his drawings, perhaps among his earliest, bear witness to their architecture. He travelled widely in France and recorded features of the great works at Reims, Laon and Chartres. These include the complex system of passageways built into the fabric of a great cathedral; Villard comments that one of their purposes was "to allow circulation in case of fire".Villard was invited to Hungary and reached there c. 1235. He may have been responsible for the edifice dedicated to St Elizabeth of Hungary, canonized in 1235, at Kassa (now Košice, Slovakia). Villard probably returned to France c. 1240, at least before the Tartar invasion of Hungary in 1241.His sketchbook, which dates to c. 1235, stands as a memorial to Villard's skill as a draughtsman, a student of perspective and a mechanical engineer. He took his sketchbook with him on his travels, and used ideas from it in his work abroad. It contains architectural designs, geometrical constructions for use in building, surveying exercises and drawings for various kinds of mechanical devices, for civil or military use. He was transmitting details from the highly developed French Gothic masons to the relatively underdeveloped eastern countries. The notebooks were annotated for the use of pupils and other master masons, and the notes on geometry were obviously intended for pupils. The prize examples are the pages in the book, clearly Villard's own work, related to mechanical devices. Whilst he, like many others of the period and after, played with designs for perpetual-motion machines, he concentrated on useful devices. These included the first Western representation of a perpetualmotion machine, which at least displays a concern to derive a source of energy: this was a water-powered sawmill, with automatic feed of the timber into the mill. This has been described as the first industrial automatic power-machine to involve two motions, for it not only converts the rotary motion of the water-wheel to the reciprocating motion of the saw, but incorporates a means of keeping the log pressed against the saw. His other designs included water-wheels, watermills, the Archimedean screw and other curious devices.[br]BibliographyOf several facsimile reprints with notes there are Album de Villard de Honnecourt, 1858, ed. J.B.Lassus, Paris (repr. 1968, Paris: Laget), and The Sketchbook of Villard de Honnecourt, 1959, ed. T.Bowie, Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Further ReadingJ.Gimpel, 1977, "Villard de Honnecourt: architect and engineer", The Medieval Machine, London: Victor Gollancz, ch. 6, pp. 114–46.——1988, The Medieval Machine, the Industrial Revolution of the Middle Ages, London.R.Pernord, J.Gimpel and R.Delatouche, 1986, Le Moyen age pour quoi fayre, Paris.KM / LRD -
120 przystos|ować
pf — przystos|owywać impf Ⅰ vt to adapt- przystosować coś do czegoś to adapt sth to sth- przystosować coś do robienia czegoś to adapt sth for doing sth- przystosować coś do celów wojskowych to adapt sth for military use- przystosować coś do czyichś potrzeb to adapt sth to suit sb’s needs- przystosować szpital do potrzeb współczesnej medycyny to adapt a hospital for modern medical practice- pojazd przystosowany do jazdy po bezdrożach a vehicle designed for off-road useⅡ przystosować się — przystosowywać się [osoba, zwierzę] to adapt (do czegoś to sth); [oczy] to adjust (do czegoś to sth)- przystosować się do nowego otoczenia/nowych warunków to adapt to new surroundings/conditions- łatwo się przystosowywać to be adaptable- wzrok przystosowuje się do ciemności the eyes adjust to darknessThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > przystos|ować
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