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1 ustawiać
impf ⇒ ustawić* * *( umieszczać) to put, to place; ( rozmieszczać) to arrange; ( wznosić) to put up; ( regulować) to adjust* * *ipf.1. (= umieszczać) place, put (up).2. (= porządkować, rozstawiać) arrange, place; ustawiać coś na czymś stand sth on sth; ustawić książki na półce put the books on the shelf; ustawiać wojsko w szeregu wojsk. draw up l. form a column of troops; ustawiać w szyk bojowy ( wojsko przed bitwą) embattle, deraign; ustawić kogoś/coś w szeregu bring sb/sth into line; ustawić w rzędzie row; ustawiać w snopki shock.3. (= montować) set, raise, erect; ( rusztowanie) mount; ( namiot) pitch; ustawiać dekoracje teatr set stage.4. (= regulować) adjust, readjust; (mechanizm, zegar) set; ustawiać ostrość lunety/mikroskopu/kamery focus a telescope/microscope/camera; chir. ( złamanie) reset; mot. ( rozrząd) time.5. pot. (= komenderować, brać w karby) curb, bring under control; ustawić odpowiednio sprawę angle the matter; ustawiać kogoś finansowo set sb up; ustawić mecz fix a match.ipf.1. (= stawać w określonym porządku) range o.s., draw up in a line, form ranks.2. pot. (= urządzać się, stwarzać sobie odpowiednią sytuację życiową) get settled in life.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > ustawiać
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2 микрофотосъемочная камера
Русско-английский словарь по электронике > микрофотосъемочная камера
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3 микрофотосъемочная камера
Русско-английский словарь по радиоэлектронике > микрофотосъемочная камера
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4 mikroskop z urządzeniem fotograficznym
• camera microscopeSłownik polsko-angielski dla inżynierów > mikroskop z urządzeniem fotograficznym
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5 микрофотосъемочная камера
Русско-английский словарь по микроэлектронике > микрофотосъемочная камера
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6 Barnack, Oskar
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 1879 Berlin, Germanyd. January 1936 Wetzlar, Germany[br]German camera designer who conceived the first Leica camera and many subsequent models.[br]Oskar Barnack was an optical engineer, introspective and in poor health, when in 1910 he was invited through the good offices of his friend the mechanical engineer Emil Mechau, who worked for Ernst Leitz, to join the company at Wetzlar to work on research into microscope design. He was engaged after a week's trial, and on 2 January 1911 he was put in charge of microscope research. He was an enthusiastic photographer, but excursions with his large and heavy plate camera equipment taxed his strength. In 1912, Mechau was working on a revolutionary film projector design and needed film to test it. Barnack suggested that it was not necessary to buy an expensive commercial machine— why not make one? Leitz agreed, and Barnack constructed a 35 mm movie camera, which he used to cover events in and around Wetzlar.The exposure problems he encountered with the variable sensitivity of the cine film led him to consider the design of a still camera in which short lengths of film could be tested before shooting—a kind of exposure-meter camera. Dissatisfied with the poor picture quality of his first model, which took the standard cine frame of 18×24 mm, he built a new model in which the frame size was doubled to 36×24 mm. It used a simple focal-plane shutter adjustable to 1/500 of a second, and a Zeiss Milar lens of 42 mm focal length. This is what is now known as the UR-Leica. Using his new camera, 1/250 of the weight of his plate equipment, Barnack made many photographs around Wetzlar, giving postcard-sized prints of good quality.Ernst Leitz Junior was lent the camera for his trip in June 1914 to America, where he was urged to put it into production. Visiting George Eastman in Rochester, Leitz passed on Barnack's requests for film of finer grain and better quality. The First World War put an end to the chances of developing the design at that time. As Germany emerged from the postwar chaos, Leitz Junior, then in charge of the firm, took Barnack off microscope work to design prototypes for a commercial model. Leitz's Chief Optician, Max Berek, designed a new lens, the f3.5 Elmax, for the new camera. They settled on the name Leica, and the first production models went on show at the Leipzig Spring Fair in 1925. By the end of the year, 1,000 cameras had been shipped, despite costing about two months' good wages.The Leica camera established 35 mm still photography as a practical proposition, and film manufacturers began to create the special fine-grain films that Barnack had longed for. He continued to improve the design, and a succession of new Leica models appeared with new features, such as interchangeable lenses, coupled range-finders, 250 exposures. By the time of his sudden death in 1936, Barnack's life's work had forever transformed the nature of photography.[br]Further ReadingJ.Borgé and G.Borgé, 1977, Prestige de la, photographie.BC -
7 objectif
objectif, -ive [ɔbʒεktif, iv]1. adjective2. masculine nouna. ( = but, cible) objectiveb. [de caméra, télescope] lens* * *
1.
- ive ɔbʒɛktif, iv adjectif objective
2.
nom masculin1) ( dessein) objective2) Photographie lens; (de microscope, jumelles, télescope) objective3) ( cible) target; ( position à saisir) objective* * *ɔbʒɛktif, iv (-ive)1. adj(avis) objective2. nm1) OPTIQUE, PHOTOGRAPHIE lens sg2) (= but) objectiveLeur objectif est l'éradication de la maladie. — Their objective is the eradication of the disease.
Notre objectif est de faire connaître cette nouvelle méthode dans les écoles. — Our objective is to raise awareness of this new method in schools.
* * *A adj objective; tu n'es pas objectif you're not being objective.B nm1 ( dessein) objective; nous avons pour objectif de faire our objective is to do; se donner pour objectif de faire to set oneself the objective of doing; se donner qch pour objectif to set oneself sth as an objective; l'objectif est double there are two objectives;2 Phot lens; (de microscope, jumelles, télescope) objective; objectif à focale variable zoom lens; braquer son objectif sur qn to point one's camera at sb;3 ( cible) target; ( position à saisir) objective.2. [concret, observable] objective————————nom masculinse fixer/atteindre un objectif to set oneself/to reach an objective -
8 Zworykin, Vladimir Kosma
[br]b. 30 July 1889 Mourum (near Moscow), Russiad. 29 July 1982 New York City, New York, USA[br]Russian (naturalized American 1924) television pioneer who invented the iconoscope and kinescope television camera and display tubes.[br]Zworykin studied engineering at the Institute of Technology in St Petersburg under Boris Rosing, assisting the latter with his early experiments with television. After graduating in 1912, he spent a time doing X-ray research at the Collège de France in Paris before returning to join the Russian Marconi Company, initially in St Petersburg and then in Moscow. On the outbreak of war in 1917, he joined the Russian Army Signal Corps, but when the war ended in the chaos of the Revolution he set off on his travels, ending up in the USA, where he joined the Westinghouse Corporation. There, in 1923, he filed the first of many patents for a complete system of electronic television, including one for an all-electronic scanning pick-up tube that he called the iconoscope. In 1924 he became a US citizen and invented the kinescope, a hard-vacuum cathode ray tube (CRT) for the display of television pictures, and the following year he patented a camera tube with a mosaic of photoelectric elements and gave a demonstration of still-picture TV. In 1926 he was awarded a PhD by the University of Pittsburgh and in 1928 he was granted a patent for a colour TV system.In 1929 he embarked on a tour of Europe to study TV developments; on his return he joined the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) as Director of the Electronics Research Group, first at Camden and then Princeton, New Jersey. Securing a budget to develop an improved CRT picture tube, he soon produced a kinescope with a hard vacuum, an indirectly heated cathode, a signal-modulation grid and electrostatic focusing. In 1933 an improved iconoscope camera tube was produced, and under his direction RCA went on to produce other improved types of camera tube, including the image iconoscope, the orthicon and image orthicon and the vidicon. The secondary-emission effect used in many of these tubes was also used in a scintillation radiation counter. In 1941 he was responsible for the development of the first industrial electron microscope, but for most of the Second World War he directed work concerned with radar, aircraft fire-control and TV-guided missiles.After the war he worked for a time on high-speed memories and medical electronics, becoming Vice-President and Technical Consultant in 1947. He "retired" from RCA and was made an honorary vice-president in 1954, but he retained an office and continued to work there almost up until his death; he also served as Director of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research from 1954 until 1962.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsZworykin received some twenty-seven awards and honours for his contributions to television engineering and medical electronics, including the Institution of Electrical Engineers Faraday Medal 1965; US Medal of Science 1966; and the US National Hall of Fame 1977.Bibliography29 December 1923, US patent no. 2,141, 059 (the original iconoscope patent; finally granted in December 1938!).13 July 1925, US patent no. 1,691, 324 (colour television system).1930, with D.E.Wilson, Photocells and Their Applications, New York: Wiley. 1934, "The iconoscope. A modern version of the electric eye". Proceedings of theInstitute of Radio Engineers 22:16.1946, Electron Optics and the Electron Microscope.1940, with G.A.Morton, Television; revised 1954.1949, with E.G.Ramberg, Photoelectricity and Its Applications. 1958, Television in Science and Industry.Further ReadingJ.H.Udelson, 1982, The Great Television Race: History of the Television Industry 1925– 41: University of Alabama Press.KFBiographical history of technology > Zworykin, Vladimir Kosma
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9 Talbot, William Henry Fox
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 11 February 1800 Melbury, Englandd. 17 September 1877 Lacock, Wiltshire, England[br]English scientist, inventor of negative—positive photography and practicable photo engraving.[br]Educated at Harrow, where he first showed an interest in science, and at Cambridge, Talbot was an outstanding scholar and a formidable mathematician. He published over fifty scientific papers and took out twelve English patents. His interests outside the field of science were also wide and included Assyriology, etymology and the classics. He was briefly a Member of Parliament, but did not pursue a parliamentary career.Talbot's invention of photography arose out of his frustrating attempts to produce acceptable pencil sketches using popular artist's aids, the camera discura and camera lucida. From his experiments with the former he conceived the idea of placing on the screen a paper coated with silver salts so that the image would be captured chemically. During the spring of 1834 he made outline images of subjects such as leaves and flowers by placing them on sheets of sensitized paper and exposing them to sunlight. No camera was involved and the first images produced using an optical system were made with a solar microscope. It was only when he had devised a more sensitive paper that Talbot was able to make camera pictures; the earliest surviving camera negative dates from August 1835. From the beginning, Talbot noticed that the lights and shades of his images were reversed. During 1834 or 1835 he discovered that by placing this reversed image on another sheet of sensitized paper and again exposing it to sunlight, a picture was produced with lights and shades in the correct disposition. Talbot had discovered the basis of modern photography, the photographic negative, from which could be produced an unlimited number of positives. He did little further work until the announcement of Daguerre's process in 1839 prompted him to publish an account of his negative-positive process. Aware that his photogenic drawing process had many imperfections, Talbot plunged into further experiments and in September 1840, using a mixture incorporating a solution of gallic acid, discovered an invisible latent image that could be made visible by development. This improved calotype process dramatically shortened exposure times and allowed Talbot to take portraits. In 1841 he patented the process, an exercise that was later to cause controversy, and between 1844 and 1846 produced The Pencil of Nature, the world's first commercial photographically illustrated book.Concerned that some of his photographs were prone to fading, Talbot later began experiments to combine photography with printing and engraving. Using bichromated gelatine, he devised the first practicable method of photo engraving, which was patented as Photoglyphic engraving in October 1852. He later went on to use screens of gauze, muslin and finely powdered gum to break up the image into lines and dots, thus anticipating modern photomechanical processes.Talbot was described by contemporaries as the "Father of Photography" primarily in recognition of his discovery of the negative-positive process, but he also produced the first photomicrographs, took the first high-speed photographs with the aid of a spark from a Leyden jar, and is credited with proposing infra-red photography. He was a shy man and his misguided attempts to enforce his calotype patent made him many enemies. It was perhaps for this reason that he never received the formal recognition from the British nation that his family felt he deserved.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS March 1831. Royal Society Rumford Medal 1842. Grand Médaille d'Honneur, L'Exposition Universelle, Paris, 1855. Honorary Doctorate of Laws, Edinburgh University, 1863.Bibliography1839, "Some account of the art of photographic drawing", Royal Society Proceedings 4:120–1; Phil. Mag., XIV, 1839, pp. 19–21.8 February 1841, British patent no. 8842 (calotype process).1844–6, The Pencil of Nature, 6 parts, London (Talbot'a account of his invention can be found in the introduction; there is a facsimile edn, with an intro. by Beamont Newhall, New York, 1968.Further ReadingH.J.P.Arnold, 1977, William Henry Fox Talbot, London.D.B.Thomas, 1964, The First Negatives, London (a lucid concise account of Talbot's photograph work).J.Ward and S.Stevenson, 1986, Printed Light, Edinburgh (an essay on Talbot's invention and its reception).H.Gernsheim and A.Gernsheim, 1977, The History of Photography, London (a wider picture of Talbot, based primarily on secondary sources).JWBiographical history of technology > Talbot, William Henry Fox
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10 инструментальный микроскоп
1) Engineering: toolroom microscope2) Metallurgy: toolmakers' microscope3) Camera recording: toolmaker's microscope (АД)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > инструментальный микроскоп
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11 микрофотосъёмочная камера
Electronics: camera-microscopeУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > микрофотосъёмочная камера
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12 микрофотосъёмочная камера со стробоскопическим освещением
Electronics: stroboscopic camera microscopeУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > микрофотосъёмочная камера со стробоскопическим освещением
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13 объектив
1.objective 2.lens 3.object-glassобъектив-анастигматanastigmate objectiveобъектив для инфракрасных лучейinfrared objectiveобъектив телескопаastronomical lensапланатический объективaplanatic objectiveапохроматический объективapochromatic objectiveахроматический объективachromatic objectiveбезаберрационный объективaberration-free objectiveвизуальный объективvisual objectiveдвухлинзовый объектив1.two-element lens 2.doublet objectiveдлиннофокусный объектив1.long-focus lens 2.long-focus objectiveзеркальный объективmirror objectiveиммерсионный объективimmersion objectiveкороткофокусный объективshort-focus objectiveмалосветосильный объективlow-power objectiveмикро-объективmicroscope objectiveсветосильный объектив1.fast lens 2.high–aperture lensсреднесветосильный объективmedium-power objectiveтелеобъективteleobjectiveтрехлинзовый объективtripletфотографический объектив1.photographic objective 2.camera objectiveширокоугольный объектив1.landscape objective 2.wide-angle lens -
14 графические устройства высокого разрешения
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > графические устройства высокого разрешения
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15 с высоким разрешением
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > с высоким разрешением
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16 микроскоп высокого разрешения
Русско-английский новый политехнический словарь > микроскоп высокого разрешения
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17 высокое разрешение
Русско-английский словарь по информационным технологиям > высокое разрешение
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camera lu|ci|da — «LOO suh duh», an optical instrument which may be attached to a microscope, by which the image of an object is projected on a sheet of paper or metal upon which it may be traced. ╂[< New Latin camera lucida light chamber < Latin camera +… … Useful english dictionary
