-
21 conventional
[kən'venʃənl]1) (conformist) [ person] convenzionale, conformista; [idea, role] convenzionale2) (traditionally accepted) [approach, method] convenzionale, tradizionale; [ medicine] tradizionalethe conventional wisdom about sth. — l'opinione comunemente accettata su qcs
3) mil. [ weapons] convenzionale* * *adjective ((negative unconventional) according to the accepted standards etc; not outrageous or eccentric: conventional dress; the more conventional forms of art.) convenzionale* * *[kən'venʃənl]1) (conformist) [ person] convenzionale, conformista; [idea, role] convenzionale2) (traditionally accepted) [approach, method] convenzionale, tradizionale; [ medicine] tradizionalethe conventional wisdom about sth. — l'opinione comunemente accettata su qcs
3) mil. [ weapons] convenzionale -
22 education
[ˌedʒʊ'keɪʃn] 1.1) (training) educazione f., istruzione f.; (in health, road safety) informazione f.2) (formal schooling) studi m.pl., istruzione f.to have had a university o college education avere ricevuto un'istruzione superiore; he has had little education — non è molto colto
3) (national system) istruzione f., insegnamento m.primary, secondary education — scuola primaria, secondaria
4) univ. pedagogia f., scienze f.pl. della formazione2.modificatore [budget, spending] per l'istruzione; [ crisis] dell'insegnamento; [ method] di insegnamento; [Minister, Ministry] della pubblica istruzione* * *noun (instruction and teaching, especially of children and young people in schools, universities etc: His lack of education prevented him from getting a good job.) istruzione* * *[ˌedʒʊ'keɪʃn] 1.1) (training) educazione f., istruzione f.; (in health, road safety) informazione f.2) (formal schooling) studi m.pl., istruzione f.to have had a university o college education avere ricevuto un'istruzione superiore; he has had little education — non è molto colto
3) (national system) istruzione f., insegnamento m.primary, secondary education — scuola primaria, secondaria
4) univ. pedagogia f., scienze f.pl. della formazione2.modificatore [budget, spending] per l'istruzione; [ crisis] dell'insegnamento; [ method] di insegnamento; [Minister, Ministry] della pubblica istruzione -
23 practise
1.practice ['præktɪs] verbo transitivo1) (work at) provare [song, speech]; esercitarsi in [ Italian]; esercitare [movement, shot]; perfezionare [ technique]; fare le prove per [ play]3) (follow a profession) praticare, esercitare4) (observe) osservare, praticare [custom, religion]2.1) (train) (at piano, violin) esercitarsi; (for sports) allenarsi; (for play, concert) provare2) (follow a profession) esercitare una professioneto practise as — fare il [doctor, lawyer]
••* * *['præktis]1) (to do exercises to improve one's performance in a particular skill etc: She practises the piano every day; You must practise more if you want to enter the competition.) esercitarsi a2) (to make (something) a habit: to practise self-control.) mettere in pratica, seguire3) (to do or follow (a profession, usually medicine or law): He practises (law) in London.) esercitare•* * *1.practice ['præktɪs] verbo transitivo1) (work at) provare [song, speech]; esercitarsi in [ Italian]; esercitare [movement, shot]; perfezionare [ technique]; fare le prove per [ play]3) (follow a profession) praticare, esercitare4) (observe) osservare, praticare [custom, religion]2.1) (train) (at piano, violin) esercitarsi; (for sports) allenarsi; (for play, concert) provare2) (follow a profession) esercitare una professioneto practise as — fare il [doctor, lawyer]
•• -
24 refine
[rɪ'faɪn] 1.1) ind. raffinare [oil, sugar]2.to refine upon — perfezionare, migliorare
* * *1) (to make (a substance eg sugar) pure by taking out dirt, waste substances etc: Oil is refined before it is used.) raffinare2) (to improve: We have refined our techniques considerably since the work began.) migliorare•- refined- refinement
- refinery* * *[rɪ'faɪn] 1.1) ind. raffinare [oil, sugar]2.to refine upon — perfezionare, migliorare
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25 rough-and-ready
[ˌrʌfən'redɪ]1) (unsophisticated) [ person] brusco, sbrigativo; [ manner] sbrigativo, spiccio; [ conditions] elementare2) (improvised) [method, system] improvvisato* * *1) (not carefully made or finished, but good enough: a rough-and-ready meal.) rimediato2) ((of people) friendly enough but without politeness etc.) brusco, sbrigativo* * *[ˌrʌfən'redɪ]1) (unsophisticated) [ person] brusco, sbrigativo; [ manner] sbrigativo, spiccio; [ conditions] elementare2) (improvised) [method, system] improvvisato -
26 up to date
1) (completed etc up to the present time: Is the catalogue up to date?; an up-to-date catalogue.) aggiornato2) (modern and in touch with the latest ideas: This method is up to date / very up-to-date; an up-to-date method.) moderno -
27 vary
['veərɪ] 1.verbo transitivo variare [menu, programme]; fare variare [flow, temperature]; cambiare [method, pace, route]2.to vary from sth. — differire da qcs.
they vary in cost, size — variano di prezzo, taglia
* * *['veəri] 1. verb(to make, be or become different: These apples vary in size from small to medium.) variare- variable2. noun(something that varies, eg in quantity, value, effect etc: Have you taken all the variables into account in your calculations?) variabile- variably- variability
- variation
- varied* * *['veərɪ] 1.verbo transitivo variare [menu, programme]; fare variare [flow, temperature]; cambiare [method, pace, route]2.to vary from sth. — differire da qcs.
they vary in cost, size — variano di prezzo, taglia
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28 preserve
I [prɪ'zɜːv]1) gastr. (anche preserves) confettura f., composta f.2) (territory) riserva f. di caccia; fig. area f. riservata, campo m.II [prɪ'zɜːv]1) (save from destruction) conservare, preservare [building, manuscript]; salvaguardare [land, tradition]; conservare [wood, leather, painting]2) (maintain) preservare [ rights]; mantenere [peace, order, standards]3) (keep, hold onto) [ person] mantenere [humour, dignity, health]4) (rescue) preservare5) gastr. (prevent from rotting) conservare [ food]; (make into jam) fare una confettura con [ fruit]* * *[pri'zə:v] 1. verb1) (to keep safe from harm: (May) Heaven preserve us from danger!) proteggere2) (to keep in existence: They have managed to preserve many old documents.) conservare3) (to treat (food), eg by cooking it with sugar, so that it will not go bad: What is the best method of preserving raspberries?) conservare2. noun1) (an activity, kind of work etc in which only certain people are allowed to take part.) (attività riservata)2) (a place where game animals, birds etc are protected: a game preserve.) riserva3) (jam: blackberry jam and other preserves.) conserva, confettura•- preservative* * *preserve /prɪˈzɜ:v/n.1 (spesso al pl.) confettura; marmellata; conserva di frutta: quince preserve, marmellata di cotogne4 (fig.) area (o sfera) riservata; campo (o dominio) esclusivo: Politics used to be a male preserve, la politica un tempo era una sfera esclusivamente maschile; to trespass on sb. 's preserve, invadere il campo altrui5 (pl.) (antiq.) occhiali protettivi.♦ (to) preserve /prɪˈzɜ:v/A v. t.1 preservare; proteggere; salvaguardare; difendere; conservare; mantenere: God preserve us!, Dio ci preservi (o ci salvi)!; to preserve one's dignity, conservare (o salvare) la propria dignità; to preserve public order, mantenere l'ordine pubblicoB v. i.● to preserve game [fish], proteggere la selvaggina [i pesci]; fare un territorio [un corso d'acqua] autogestito □ to preserve a river, riservare il diritto di pesca in un fiume.* * *I [prɪ'zɜːv]1) gastr. (anche preserves) confettura f., composta f.2) (territory) riserva f. di caccia; fig. area f. riservata, campo m.II [prɪ'zɜːv]1) (save from destruction) conservare, preservare [building, manuscript]; salvaguardare [land, tradition]; conservare [wood, leather, painting]2) (maintain) preservare [ rights]; mantenere [peace, order, standards]3) (keep, hold onto) [ person] mantenere [humour, dignity, health]4) (rescue) preservare5) gastr. (prevent from rotting) conservare [ food]; (make into jam) fare una confettura con [ fruit] -
29 sophistication so·phis·ti·ca·tion n
[səˌfɪstɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n](of method, machine) complessità, (of person, clothes etc) raffinatezza, (of argument etc) sottigliezzaEnglish-Italian dictionary > sophistication so·phis·ti·ca·tion n
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30 means
[miːnz] 1.a means of — un mezzo di [communication, transport]
by means of sth. — per mezzo di qcs.
yes, by all means — sì, assolutamente, senza dubbio
2.if you wish to leave, then by all means do — se desideri partire, allora vai pure
nome plurale (resources) mezzi m., risorse f.of moderate means — [ person] di modeste condizioni economiche
a man of means — un uomo agiato o benestante
••for him, it's just a means to an end — per lui è solo un mezzo per raggiungere il suo scopo
* * *I [mi:nz] noun singular or plural(the instrument(s), method(s) etc by which a thing is, or may be, done or made to happen: By what means can we find out?)- by means of
- by no means II [mi:nz] noun plural(money available or necessary for living etc: She's a person of considerable means.)* * *[miːnz] 1.a means of — un mezzo di [communication, transport]
by means of sth. — per mezzo di qcs.
yes, by all means — sì, assolutamente, senza dubbio
2.if you wish to leave, then by all means do — se desideri partire, allora vai pure
nome plurale (resources) mezzi m., risorse f.of moderate means — [ person] di modeste condizioni economiche
a man of means — un uomo agiato o benestante
••for him, it's just a means to an end — per lui è solo un mezzo per raggiungere il suo scopo
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31 order
I 1. ['ɔːdə(r)]1) (logical arrangement) ordine m.to put o set [sth.] in order mettere in ordine [ affairs]; to set o put one's life in order — mettere ordine nella propria vita
2) (sequence) ordine m., successione f.to put [sth.] in order — ordinare, classificare [files, record cards]
to be out of order — [files, records] essere in disordine
3) (discipline, control) ordine m., disciplina f.to keep order — [police, government] mantenere l'ordine; [ teacher] mantenere la disciplina
4) (established state) ordine m.5) (command) ordine m., comando m.to have o to be under orders to do avere l'ordine di fare; my orders are to guard the door ho l'ordine di fare la guardia alla porta; to take orders from sb. prendere o ricevere ordini da qcn.; I won't take orders from you non accetto ordini da lei; that's an order! è un ordine! until further orders — fino a nuovo ordine
to place an order for sth. — fare un'ordinazione di qcs.
in working order in grado di funzionare, funzionante; to be out of order — [phone line, machine] essere fuori uso, essere guasto
order! order! — (in court) silenzio in aula!
to call sb. to order — richiamare qcn. all'ordine
to be in order — [ documents] essere in regola
to be out of order — [ question] essere contrario alla procedura, non essere ammissibile
economy is the order of the day — fig. l'economia è all'ordine del giorno
9) relig. ordine m.10) (rank, scale)the higher, lower orders — le categorie superiori, inferiori
of the order of 15% — BE
in the order of 15% — AE dell'ordine del 15%
11) econ.pay to the order of — (on cheque, draft) pagare all'ordine di
money order — mandato di pagamento, vaglia
12) BE (honorary association, title) ordine m.13) mil. ordine m., schieramento m.14) in order that (with the same subject) per, al fine di; (with different subjects) perché, affinchéhe brought the proofs in order that I might check them — ha portato le bozze perché potessi riscontrarle
15) in order to per, al fine di, allo scopo di2.••II 1. ['ɔːdə(r)]in short order — in poco tempo, in quattro e quattr'otto
1) (command) ordinare [inquiry, retrial]to order sb. to do — ordinare o comandare a qcn. di fare
2) (request the supply of) ordinare [goods, meal]; chiamare [ taxi] ( for a)3) (arrange) organizzare, sistemare [ affairs]; ordinare, mettere in ordine [files, cards]; ordinare [names, dates]2.verbo intransitivo [diner, customer] ordinare* * *['o:də] 1. noun1) (a statement (by a person in authority) of what someone must do; a command: He gave me my orders.) ordine2) (an instruction to supply something: orders from Germany for special gates.) ordine3) (something supplied: Your order is nearly ready.) ordinazione, (merce ordinata)4) (a tidy state: The house is in (good) order.) ordine5) (a system or method: I must have order in my life.) ordine6) (an arrangement (of people, things etc) in space, time etc: in alphabetical order; in order of importance.) ordine7) (a peaceful condition: law and order.) ordine8) (a written instruction to pay money: a banker's order.) ordine9) (a group, class, rank or position: This is a list of the various orders of plants; the social order.) ordine10) (a religious society, especially of monks: the Benedictine order.) ordine2. verb1) (to tell (someone) to do something (from a position of authority): He ordered me to stand up.) ordinare2) (to give an instruction to supply: I have ordered some new furniture from the shop; He ordered a steak.) ordinare3) (to put in order: Should we order these alphabetically?) ordinare•- orderly3. noun1) (a hospital attendant who does routine jobs.) inserviente2) (a soldier who carries an officer's orders and messages.) attendente•- order-form
- in order
- in order that
- in order
- in order to
- made to order
- on order
- order about
- out of order
- a tall order* * *I 1. ['ɔːdə(r)]1) (logical arrangement) ordine m.to put o set [sth.] in order mettere in ordine [ affairs]; to set o put one's life in order — mettere ordine nella propria vita
2) (sequence) ordine m., successione f.to put [sth.] in order — ordinare, classificare [files, record cards]
to be out of order — [files, records] essere in disordine
3) (discipline, control) ordine m., disciplina f.to keep order — [police, government] mantenere l'ordine; [ teacher] mantenere la disciplina
4) (established state) ordine m.5) (command) ordine m., comando m.to have o to be under orders to do avere l'ordine di fare; my orders are to guard the door ho l'ordine di fare la guardia alla porta; to take orders from sb. prendere o ricevere ordini da qcn.; I won't take orders from you non accetto ordini da lei; that's an order! è un ordine! until further orders — fino a nuovo ordine
to place an order for sth. — fare un'ordinazione di qcs.
in working order in grado di funzionare, funzionante; to be out of order — [phone line, machine] essere fuori uso, essere guasto
order! order! — (in court) silenzio in aula!
to call sb. to order — richiamare qcn. all'ordine
to be in order — [ documents] essere in regola
to be out of order — [ question] essere contrario alla procedura, non essere ammissibile
economy is the order of the day — fig. l'economia è all'ordine del giorno
9) relig. ordine m.10) (rank, scale)the higher, lower orders — le categorie superiori, inferiori
of the order of 15% — BE
in the order of 15% — AE dell'ordine del 15%
11) econ.pay to the order of — (on cheque, draft) pagare all'ordine di
money order — mandato di pagamento, vaglia
12) BE (honorary association, title) ordine m.13) mil. ordine m., schieramento m.14) in order that (with the same subject) per, al fine di; (with different subjects) perché, affinchéhe brought the proofs in order that I might check them — ha portato le bozze perché potessi riscontrarle
15) in order to per, al fine di, allo scopo di2.••II 1. ['ɔːdə(r)]in short order — in poco tempo, in quattro e quattr'otto
1) (command) ordinare [inquiry, retrial]to order sb. to do — ordinare o comandare a qcn. di fare
2) (request the supply of) ordinare [goods, meal]; chiamare [ taxi] ( for a)3) (arrange) organizzare, sistemare [ affairs]; ordinare, mettere in ordine [files, cards]; ordinare [names, dates]2.verbo intransitivo [diner, customer] ordinare -
32 result
I 1. [rɪ'zʌlt]1) (consequence) risultato m., conseguenza f.2) (outcome) risultato m. (anche mat.)2. II [rɪ'zʌlt]exam(ination), football results — risultati degli esami, delle partite (di calcio)
to result from — risultare o derivare da
to result in — avere per risultato, portare a
* * *1. noun1) (anything which is due to something already done: His deafness is the result of a car accident; He went deaf as a result of an accident; He tried a new method, with excellent results; He tried again, but without result.) risultato2) (the answer to a sum etc: Add all these figures and tell me the result.) risultato3) (the final score: What was the result of Saturday's match?) risultato4) ((often in plural) the list of people who have been successful in a competition, of subjects a person has passed or failed in an examination etc: He had very good exam results; The results will be published next week.) risultati2. verb1) ((often with from) to be caused (by something): We will pay for any damage which results (from our experiments).) risultare2) ((with in) to cause or have as a result: The match resulted in a draw.) concludersi* * *I 1. [rɪ'zʌlt]1) (consequence) risultato m., conseguenza f.2) (outcome) risultato m. (anche mat.)2. II [rɪ'zʌlt]exam(ination), football results — risultati degli esami, delle partite (di calcio)
to result from — risultare o derivare da
to result in — avere per risultato, portare a
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33 stroke
I 1. [strəʊk]1) (blow) colpo m.; (in tennis, golf) tiro m., colpo m.2) fig. (touch) colpo m.at one o at a single stroke in un solo colpo; a stroke of luck un colpo di fortuna; a stroke of genius — un colpo di genio
3) (in swimming) (movement) bracciata f.; (style) nuoto m.4) sport (in rowing) colpo m. di remi, remata f.5) (mark) (of pen) tratto m.; (of brush) tocco m., pennellata f.6) (in punctuation) barra f. obliqua7) (of clock) colpo m., rintocco m.8) med. colpo m. apoplettico9) (caress) carezza f.2.to give sb., sth. a stroke — accarezzare qcn., qcs
modificatore med.stroke victim, stroke patient — (paziente) apoplettico
••not to do a stroke of work — non fare niente, battere la fiacca
II [strəʊk]to put sb. off their stroke — (upset timing) fare perdere il ritmo a qcn.; fig. (disconcert) disturbare qcn., fare perdere la concentrazione a qcn
1) (caress) accarezzare [person, animal]2) sport (in rowing)* * *[strəuk] I noun1) (an act of hitting, or the blow given: He felled the tree with one stroke of the axe; the stroke of a whip.)2) (a sudden occurrence of something: a stroke of lightning; an unfortunate stroke of fate; What a stroke of luck to find that money!)3) (the sound made by a clock striking the hour: She arrived on the stroke of (= punctually at) ten.)4) (a movement or mark made in one direction by a pen, pencil, paintbrush etc: short, even pencil strokes.)5) (a single pull of an oar in rowing, or a hit with the bat in playing cricket.)6) (a movement of the arms and legs in swimming, or a particular method of swimming: He swam with slow, strong strokes; Can you do breaststroke/backstroke?)7) (an effort or action: I haven't done a stroke (of work) all day.)8) (a sudden attack of illness which damages the brain, causing paralysis, loss of feeling in the body etc.)•II 1. verb(to rub (eg a furry animal) gently and repeatedly in one direction, especially as a sign of affection: He stroked the cat / her hair; The dog loves being stroked.)2. noun(an act of stroking: He gave the dog a stroke.)* * *I 1. [strəʊk]1) (blow) colpo m.; (in tennis, golf) tiro m., colpo m.2) fig. (touch) colpo m.at one o at a single stroke in un solo colpo; a stroke of luck un colpo di fortuna; a stroke of genius — un colpo di genio
3) (in swimming) (movement) bracciata f.; (style) nuoto m.4) sport (in rowing) colpo m. di remi, remata f.5) (mark) (of pen) tratto m.; (of brush) tocco m., pennellata f.6) (in punctuation) barra f. obliqua7) (of clock) colpo m., rintocco m.8) med. colpo m. apoplettico9) (caress) carezza f.2.to give sb., sth. a stroke — accarezzare qcn., qcs
modificatore med.stroke victim, stroke patient — (paziente) apoplettico
••not to do a stroke of work — non fare niente, battere la fiacca
II [strəʊk]to put sb. off their stroke — (upset timing) fare perdere il ritmo a qcn.; fig. (disconcert) disturbare qcn., fare perdere la concentrazione a qcn
1) (caress) accarezzare [person, animal]2) sport (in rowing) -
34 acupuncture
['ækjʊpʌŋktʃə(r)]nome agopuntura f.* * *(a method of treating illness etc by sticking needles into the patient's skin at certain points.) agopuntura* * *acupuncture /ˈækjʊpʌŋktʃə(r)/ (med.)n. [u]● acupuncture practitioner, agopuntoreacupuncturistn.agopuntore.* * *['ækjʊpʌŋktʃə(r)]nome agopuntura f. -
35 dosage
['dəʊsɪdʒ]nome (of drugs) posologia f.* * *[-si‹]noun (the size of, or method of giving, a dose of medicine etc: What is the dosage for a child of five?) dosaggio, posologia* * *dosage /ˈdəʊsɪdʒ/n.2 quantità ( di medicina, ecc.) data in una dose; dose: to increase [to reduce] the dosage, aumentare [ridurre] le dosi.* * *['dəʊsɪdʒ]nome (of drugs) posologia f. -
36 shorthand
['ʃɔːthænd] 1.1) comm. stenografia f., steno f.to take sth. down in shorthand — stenografare qcs
2) fig. (verbal short cut) eufemismo m.2.modificatore [notebook, qualification] di stenografia* * *noun (a method of writing rapidly, using strokes, dots etc to represent sounds.) stenografia* * *shorthand /ˈʃɔ:thænd/A n. [u]B a. attr.stenografico: a shorthand record, un verbale stenografico● shorthand and typing, stenodattilografia □ shorthand typist, stenodattilografo, stenodattilografa □ shorthand writer, stenografo, stenografa □ to take st. down in shorthand, stenografare qc.(to) shorthand /ˈʃɔ:thænd/v. t.stenografare.* * *['ʃɔːthænd] 1.1) comm. stenografia f., steno f.to take sth. down in shorthand — stenografare qcs
2) fig. (verbal short cut) eufemismo m.2.modificatore [notebook, qualification] di stenografia -
37 foolproof fool·proof adj
-
38 improve on
-
39 process ***** pro·cess
I ['prəʊsɛs]1. n1) processoin the process of restoring the picture he discovered... — stava restaurando il quadro quando ha scoperto...
we are in the process of moving to... — stiamo per trasferirci a...
2) (specific method) procedimento, sistema m, metodo3) (Law: action) processo, (summons) mandato di comparizione, citazione f in giudizio2. vtII [prə'sɛs] vi Brit(frm: go in procession) sfilare, procedere in corteo -
40 third degree
nome colloq. terzo grado m.to give sb. the third degree — fare il terzo grado a qcn. (anche fig.)
* * *(a severe method of questioning people, sometimes using torture etc: The police gave him the third degree.) terzo grado* * *nto give sb the third degree — (fam: interrogation) fare il terzo grado a qn
* * *nome colloq. terzo grado m.to give sb. the third degree — fare il terzo grado a qcn. (anche fig.)
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