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metal+products+industry

  • 1 производство металлических изделий

    1. metal products industry

     

    производство металлических изделий
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    metal products industry
    Industry related with the primary metal processing and fabricated metal products manufacturing. The most important end uses of the products of the metals industries are automobiles, machinery, appliances, electrical equipment, structures, furniture, and containers. (Source: PZ)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > производство металлических изделий

  • 2 metallvareindustri

    subst. (miljø) metal products industry

    Norsk-engelsk ordbok > metallvareindustri

  • 3 промышленность металлических конструкций и других металлических изделий

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > промышленность металлических конструкций и других металлических изделий

  • 4 industria ligera

    f.
    light industry.
    * * *
    Ex. While this city does have some light industry of its own - mostly metal, lumber, and paper products - its unhurried atmosphere and quiet shady streets camouflage all signs of mercantile activity.
    * * *

    Ex: While this city does have some light industry of its own - mostly metal, lumber, and paper products - its unhurried atmosphere and quiet shady streets camouflage all signs of mercantile activity.

    * * *
    light industry

    Spanish-English dictionary > industria ligera

  • 5 madera

    f.
    1 wood.
    madera de pino pinewood
    de madera wooden
    madera noble fine wood
    2 piece of wood (tabla).
    * * *
    1 (en el árbol) wood; (cortada) timber, US lumber
    ■ es de madera it's made of wood, it's wooden
    \
    tener madera de... to have the makings of a...
    tocar madera to touch wood
    * * *
    noun f.
    1) wood
    * * *
    * * *
    1) ( material) wood; (para construcción, carpintería) lumber (esp AmE), timber (BrE)

    es de madera — it's made of wood, it's wooden

    tener madera: tiene madera de político he has the makings of a politician, he's politician material; tocar madera — to knock (on) wood (AmE), touch wood (BrE)

    2) maderas femenino plural (Mús) woodwind (+ sing o pl vb)
    3) ( en golf) wood
    * * *
    = lumber, timber, wood.
    Ex. While this city does have some light industry of its own - mostly metal, lumber, and paper products - its unhurried atmosphere and quiet shady streets camouflage all signs of mercantile activity.
    Ex. To match the small amount of existing furniture which was reused, internal joinery and furniture is in a light coloured timber.
    Ex. This hierarchy shows a general subject area, buildings, and its subordinate subject areas: building materials, auxiliary construction practices, construction in specific materials, wood construction, roofing and so on.
    ----
    * alcohol de madera = wood alcohol.
    * almacén de maderas = lumberyard, timber yard.
    * artesanía en madera = woodcraft.
    * barniz para la madera = wood varnish.
    * barniz para tratamiento de la madera = wood preservative.
    * barra redonda de madera = dowelling.
    * bloque de madera grabada = block.
    * cabaña de madera = log cabin, wood cabin.
    * cabaña de troncos de madera = log cabin, wood cabin.
    * casa de madera = log house, wood house.
    * casa de troncos de madera = log house.
    * con estructura de madera = timber-framed.
    * conservante de la madera = wood preservative.
    * cubierto con paneles de madera de roble = oak panelled.
    * cuña de madera = wooden quoin.
    * de estructura de madera = timber-framed.
    * de madera = wooden.
    * grabado en madera = woodcut, wood engraving.
    * guarnición de madera = wooden furniture.
    * impresión en plancha de madera = woodblock printing.
    * industria de la madera = timber industry.
    * letra de madera = wood letter.
    * madera a la deriva = driftwood.
    * madera contrachapada = plywood.
    * madera cortada a contrafibra = end-grain wood.
    * madera de abedul = birch wood.
    * madera de árbol frutal = fruit wood.
    * madera de teca = teak.
    * madera dura = hardwood.
    * madera encontrada en la playa = driftwood.
    * madera petrificada = petrified wood.
    * madera requemeda = charred wood.
    * mazo de madera = mallet.
    * pasta de madera = wood pulp [woodpulp].
    * pasta de madera triturada = groundwood, mechanical wood.
    * pasta de madera triturada químicamente = chemical wood.
    * plancha de madera = wood block [woodblock].
    * productos artesanos en madera = woodcraft.
    * revestimiento con paneles de madera = wainscoting [wainscotting].
    * revestimiento de paredes con paneles de madera = wood panelling.
    * sellador para madera = wood sealer.
    * sin madera = woodfree.
    * suelo de madera = wood flooring.
    * talla de madera = wood carving.
    * tallado en madera = wood carving.
    * tallista en madera = wood-carver.
    * tener madera de = be cut out for.
    * tornillo para madera = wood screw.
    * vivienda con estructura de madera = frame dwelling.
    * * *
    1) ( material) wood; (para construcción, carpintería) lumber (esp AmE), timber (BrE)

    es de madera — it's made of wood, it's wooden

    tener madera: tiene madera de político he has the makings of a politician, he's politician material; tocar madera — to knock (on) wood (AmE), touch wood (BrE)

    2) maderas femenino plural (Mús) woodwind (+ sing o pl vb)
    3) ( en golf) wood
    * * *
    = lumber, timber, wood.

    Ex: While this city does have some light industry of its own - mostly metal, lumber, and paper products - its unhurried atmosphere and quiet shady streets camouflage all signs of mercantile activity.

    Ex: To match the small amount of existing furniture which was reused, internal joinery and furniture is in a light coloured timber.
    Ex: This hierarchy shows a general subject area, buildings, and its subordinate subject areas: building materials, auxiliary construction practices, construction in specific materials, wood construction, roofing and so on.
    * alcohol de madera = wood alcohol.
    * almacén de maderas = lumberyard, timber yard.
    * artesanía en madera = woodcraft.
    * barniz para la madera = wood varnish.
    * barniz para tratamiento de la madera = wood preservative.
    * barra redonda de madera = dowelling.
    * bloque de madera grabada = block.
    * cabaña de madera = log cabin, wood cabin.
    * cabaña de troncos de madera = log cabin, wood cabin.
    * casa de madera = log house, wood house.
    * casa de troncos de madera = log house.
    * con estructura de madera = timber-framed.
    * conservante de la madera = wood preservative.
    * cubierto con paneles de madera de roble = oak panelled.
    * cuña de madera = wooden quoin.
    * de estructura de madera = timber-framed.
    * de madera = wooden.
    * grabado en madera = woodcut, wood engraving.
    * guarnición de madera = wooden furniture.
    * impresión en plancha de madera = woodblock printing.
    * industria de la madera = timber industry.
    * letra de madera = wood letter.
    * madera a la deriva = driftwood.
    * madera contrachapada = plywood.
    * madera cortada a contrafibra = end-grain wood.
    * madera de abedul = birch wood.
    * madera de árbol frutal = fruit wood.
    * madera de teca = teak.
    * madera dura = hardwood.
    * madera encontrada en la playa = driftwood.
    * madera petrificada = petrified wood.
    * madera requemeda = charred wood.
    * mazo de madera = mallet.
    * pasta de madera = wood pulp [woodpulp].
    * pasta de madera triturada = groundwood, mechanical wood.
    * pasta de madera triturada químicamente = chemical wood.
    * plancha de madera = wood block [woodblock].
    * productos artesanos en madera = woodcraft.
    * revestimiento con paneles de madera = wainscoting [wainscotting].
    * revestimiento de paredes con paneles de madera = wood panelling.
    * sellador para madera = wood sealer.
    * sin madera = woodfree.
    * suelo de madera = wood flooring.
    * talla de madera = wood carving.
    * tallado en madera = wood carving.
    * tallista en madera = wood-carver.
    * tener madera de = be cut out for.
    * tornillo para madera = wood screw.
    * vivienda con estructura de madera = frame dwelling.

    * * *
    Madeira
    * * *

     

    madera sustantivo femenino ( material) wood;
    (para construcción, carpintería) lumber (esp AmE), timber (BrE);
    ◊ madera blanda/dura softwood/hardwood;

    es de madera it's made of wood, it's wooden;
    mesa de madera wooden table;
    madera de pino pine (wood);
    tener madera de algo to have the makings of sth;
    tocar madera to knock (on) wood (AmE), touch wood (BrE)
    madera sustantivo femenino wood
    una puerta de madera, a wooden door
    (para construir) timber, US lumber
    ♦ Locuciones: tienes madera de artista, you have all the makings of an artist
    ¡toquemos madera!, touch wood!

    ' madera' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    adelgazar
    - barnizar
    - caoba
    - carpintería
    - de
    - enmohecerse
    - esculpir
    - forjada I
    - forjado
    - grabada
    - grabado
    - haya
    - indicada
    - indicado
    - labrar
    - labrada
    - labrado
    - nogalina
    - nudo
    - nudosa
    - nudoso
    - palo
    - perforación
    - perforado
    - podrida
    - podrido
    - pulir
    - revestimiento
    - roble
    - sándalo
    - somier
    - tablón
    - talla
    - tallar
    - tarugo
    - teca
    - trabajar
    - traspasar
    - veta
    - viga
    - viruta
    - abierto
    - apolillado
    - apolillarse
    - astilla
    - astillarse
    - barda
    - barniz
    - blando
    - cepillar
    English:
    bend
    - board
    - bunk
    - carve
    - chip
    - chisel
    - crate
    - cut
    - drill
    - eat into
    - grain
    - hobbyhorse
    - knotty
    - laminated
    - length
    - lumber
    - nail
    - of
    - out of
    - ply
    - polish
    - polished
    - post
    - potential
    - pulp
    - score
    - scrape
    - seasoned
    - shape
    - shave
    - shaving
    - slab
    - sliver
    - splinter
    - split
    - stain
    - stained
    - stamp
    - timber
    - timber-yard
    - touch
    - vaulting-horse
    - walnut
    - warp
    - weather
    - wood
    - woodcarving
    - woodcut
    - wooden
    - woodwind
    * * *
    madera nf
    1. [en árbol] wood;
    [en carpintería] timber, US lumber;
    de madera wooden;
    RP Fam
    ser de madera to be slow on the uptake;
    Fam
    tocar madera Br to touch wood, US to knock on wood
    madera contrachapada plywood;
    madera noble fine wood;
    madera policromada polychrome wood
    2. [tabla] piece of wood;
    atrancaron la puerta con dos maderas they barred the door with two planks of wood
    3. [cualidades]
    tener madera de algo to have the makings of sth;
    tener madera para algo to have what it takes for sth
    4. [palo de golf] wood;
    5. [en orquesta]
    la madera the woodwind (instruments)
    6. Esp muy Fam [policía]
    la madera the pigs
    * * *
    f wood;
    tener madera de fig have the makings of;
    tocar madera knock on wood, Br touch wood;
    ¡toca madera! knock on wood, Br touch wood
    * * *
    madera nf
    1) : wood
    2) : lumber, timber
    3)
    madera noble : hardwood
    * * *
    1. (material) wood
    2. (tabla) piece of wood

    Spanish-English dictionary > madera

  • 6 calmado

    adj.
    1 quiet, calm.
    2 unruffled, calm, waveless, windless.
    past part.
    past participle of spanish verb: calmar.
    * * *
    (f. - calmada)
    adj.
    * * *
    ADJ calm
    * * *
    = cool [cooler -comp., coolest -sup.], unhurried, quiet [quieter -comp., quietest -sup.], calm [calmer -comp., calmest -sup.], tranquil, serene, chilled out.
    Ex. It is the cool and perfectly proper expression of a confident professionalism, still only faintly discernible.
    Ex. While this city does have some light industry of its own - mostly metal, lumber, and paper products - its unhurried atmosphere and quiet shady streets camouflage all signs of mercantile activity.
    Ex. Properly read, live literature -- even the quietest or most light-hearted -- may be disturbing, may subvert our view of life.
    Ex. Her calm confident eyes silently invited him to relieve his mind, and he could not resist the temptation.
    Ex. Sudak is one of the most beautiful and tranquil locales on the Black Sea coast.
    Ex. The hysteria about the usefulness of microcomputers to libraries is unprecedented in the normally serene and predictable library environment.
    Ex. He is very chattery when he wants to be, and the rest of the time really chilled out and very rarely stressed.
    * * *
    = cool [cooler -comp., coolest -sup.], unhurried, quiet [quieter -comp., quietest -sup.], calm [calmer -comp., calmest -sup.], tranquil, serene, chilled out.

    Ex: It is the cool and perfectly proper expression of a confident professionalism, still only faintly discernible.

    Ex: While this city does have some light industry of its own - mostly metal, lumber, and paper products - its unhurried atmosphere and quiet shady streets camouflage all signs of mercantile activity.
    Ex: Properly read, live literature -- even the quietest or most light-hearted -- may be disturbing, may subvert our view of life.
    Ex: Her calm confident eyes silently invited him to relieve his mind, and he could not resist the temptation.
    Ex: Sudak is one of the most beautiful and tranquil locales on the Black Sea coast.
    Ex: The hysteria about the usefulness of microcomputers to libraries is unprecedented in the normally serene and predictable library environment.
    Ex: He is very chattery when he wants to be, and the rest of the time really chilled out and very rarely stressed.

    Spanish-English dictionary > calmado

  • 7 camuflar

    v.
    to camouflage.
    * * *
    1 to camouflage
    2 figurado to hide, cover up
    * * *
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo <tanques/contrabando> to camouflage; < intenciones> to disguise
    2.
    camuflarse v pron soldado to camouflage oneself; animal to be camouflaged
    * * *
    = camouflage, disguise, dress + Nombre + up.
    Ex. While this city does have some light industry of its own - mostly metal, lumber, and paper products - its unhurried atmosphere and quiet shady streets camouflage all signs of mercantile activity.
    Ex. But when the other approaches were examined and analyzed with care, it turned out that another 16 percent were disguised subject searches.
    Ex. The feeling is that, however tactfully you dress it up, the United States had it coming.
    ----
    * camuflar Algo = wrap + Nombre + up in.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo <tanques/contrabando> to camouflage; < intenciones> to disguise
    2.
    camuflarse v pron soldado to camouflage oneself; animal to be camouflaged
    * * *
    = camouflage, disguise, dress + Nombre + up.

    Ex: While this city does have some light industry of its own - mostly metal, lumber, and paper products - its unhurried atmosphere and quiet shady streets camouflage all signs of mercantile activity.

    Ex: But when the other approaches were examined and analyzed with care, it turned out that another 16 percent were disguised subject searches.
    Ex: The feeling is that, however tactfully you dress it up, the United States had it coming.
    * camuflar Algo = wrap + Nombre + up in.

    * * *
    camuflar [A1 ]
    vt
    ‹tanques/contrabando› to camouflage; ‹intenciones› to disguise; ‹error› to cover up
    «soldado» to camouflage oneself; «animal» to be camouflaged
    * * *

    camuflar ( conjugate camuflar) verbo transitivo ‹tanques/contrabando› to camouflage;
    ‹ intenciones› to disguise
    camuflarse verbo pronominal [ persona] to camouflage oneself;
    [ animal] to camouflage itself
    camuflar verbo transitivo to camouflage
    ' camuflar' also found in these entries:
    English:
    camouflage
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    [tropas, tanque] to camouflage; [intenciones] to disguise, to conceal;
    camufló el maletín robado entre el resto del equipaje he concealed the stolen briefcase among the rest of the luggage
    * * *
    v/t camouflage
    * * *

    Spanish-English dictionary > camuflar

  • 8 mercantil

    adj.
    mercantile, commercial.
    * * *
    1 mercantile, commercial
    * * *
    ADJ [gen] mercantile, commercial; [derecho] commercial
    registro 2), sociedad 3)
    * * *
    adjetivo <ley/operación> commercial, mercantile
    * * *
    = mercantile, business.
    Nota: Adjetivo.
    Ex. While this city does have some light industry of its own - mostly metal, lumber, and paper products - its unhurried atmosphere and quiet shady streets camouflage all signs of mercantile activity.
    Ex. A major concern of the journal will be the business, economic, legal, societal and technological relationships between information technology and information resource management.
    ----
    * sistema mercantil = market system.
    * * *
    adjetivo <ley/operación> commercial, mercantile
    * * *
    = mercantile, business.
    Nota: Adjetivo.

    Ex: While this city does have some light industry of its own - mostly metal, lumber, and paper products - its unhurried atmosphere and quiet shady streets camouflage all signs of mercantile activity.

    Ex: A major concern of the journal will be the business, economic, legal, societal and technological relationships between information technology and information resource management.
    * sistema mercantil = market system.

    * * *
    ‹ley/operación› commercial, mercantile derecho3 (↑ derecho (3)), sociedad
    * * *

     

    mercantil adjetivo ‹ley/operación› commercial, mercantile
    mercantil adjetivo mercantile, commercial
    derecho mercantil, commercial law
    ' mercantil' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    lonja
    - perito
    - sociedad
    English:
    commercial law
    - mercantile
    * * *
    mercantile, commercial
    * * *
    adj commercial
    * * *
    comercial: commercial, mercantile

    Spanish-English dictionary > mercantil

  • 9 pausado

    adj.
    leisurely, slow, deliberate, easy-going.
    past part.
    past participle of spanish verb: pausar.
    * * *
    1 unhurried, slow
    * * *
    (f. - pausada)
    adj.
    deliberate, slow
    * * *
    ADJ slow, deliberate
    * * *
    I
    - da adjetivo slow and deliberate, unhurried
    II
    adverbio slowly
    * * *
    Ex. While this city does have some light industry of its own - mostly metal, lumber, and paper products - its unhurried atmosphere and quiet shady streets camouflage all signs of mercantile activity.
    ----
    * andar de un modo pausado = stroll + at a leisurely pace.
    * * *
    I
    - da adjetivo slow and deliberate, unhurried
    II
    adverbio slowly
    * * *

    Ex: While this city does have some light industry of its own - mostly metal, lumber, and paper products - its unhurried atmosphere and quiet shady streets camouflage all signs of mercantile activity.

    * andar de un modo pausado = stroll + at a leisurely pace.

    * * *
    pausado1 -da
    deliberate, unhurried
    un ejercicio de movimientos pausados an exercise involving slow, deliberate movements
    slowly
    habla más pausado speak more slowly
    * * *

    Del verbo pausar: ( conjugate pausar)

    pausado es:

    el participio

    pausado,-a adjetivo slow
    ' pausado' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    pausada
    English:
    deliberate
    - leisurely
    * * *
    pausado, -a adj
    deliberate, slow
    * * *
    adj slow, deliberate
    * * *
    pausado adv
    : slowly, deliberately
    habla más pausado: speak more slowly
    pausado, -da adj
    : slow, deliberate
    ♦ pausadamente adv

    Spanish-English dictionary > pausado

  • 10 sombreado

    adj.
    shady, bosky, shadowy.
    m.
    shading.
    past part.
    past participle of spanish verb: sombrear.
    * * *
    1 shading
    * * *
    1.
    ADJ shady
    2.
    SM (Arte) shading
    * * *
    masculino shading
    * * *
    = shady, shading, hatching, tinted.
    Ex. While this city does have some light industry of its own - mostly metal, lumber, and paper products - its unhurried atmosphere and quiet shady streets camouflage all signs of mercantile activity.
    Ex. The darkest and the lightest shading took the shortest amount of time, the medium shading the longest.
    Ex. Small, colorful hatchings cover the picture plane and often mask other pictorial contents.
    Ex. The author provides an overview of the research into the use of tinted lenses for the amelioration of reading difficulties.
    * * *
    masculino shading
    * * *
    = shady, shading, hatching, tinted.

    Ex: While this city does have some light industry of its own - mostly metal, lumber, and paper products - its unhurried atmosphere and quiet shady streets camouflage all signs of mercantile activity.

    Ex: The darkest and the lightest shading took the shortest amount of time, the medium shading the longest.
    Ex: Small, colorful hatchings cover the picture plane and often mask other pictorial contents.
    Ex: The author provides an overview of the research into the use of tinted lenses for the amelioration of reading difficulties.

    * * *
    sombreado1 -da
    1 ‹lugar› shady
    2 (en dibujos, mapas) shaded
    shading
    * * *

    Del verbo sombrear: ( conjugate sombrear)

    sombreado es:

    el participio

    Multiple Entries:
    sombreado    
    sombrear
    sombreado,-a adjetivo shady
    sombrear verbo transitivo to cast a shadow on
    sombrear una pintura o un dibujo, to shade in a picture or drawing
    ' sombreado' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    sombreada
    English:
    shady
    * * *
    sombreado, -a
    ♦ adj
    shady
    ♦ nm
    shading
    * * *
    m PINT shading
    * * *
    sombreado, -da adj
    1) : shady
    2) : shaded, darkened
    * * *
    sombreado adj shady [comp. shadier; superl. shadiest]

    Spanish-English dictionary > sombreado

  • 11 оптимизация

    1. optimization

     

    оптимизация
    Процесс отыскания варианта, соответствующего критерию оптимальности
    [Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]
    оптимизация
    1. Процесс нахождения экстремума функции, т.е. выбор наилучшего варианта из множества возможных, процесс выработки оптимальных решений; 2. Процесс приведения системы в наилучшее (оптимальное) состояние. Иначе говоря, первое определение трактует термин «О.» как факт выработки и принятия оптимального решения (в широком смысле этих слов); мы выясняем, какое состояние изучаемой системы будет наилучшим с точки зрения предъявляемых к ней требований (критерия оптимальности) и рассматриваем такое состояние как цель. В этом смысле применяется также термин «субоптимизация» в случаях, когда отыскивается оптимум по какому-либо одному критерию из нескольких в векторной задаче оптимизации (см. Оптимальность по Парето, Векторная оптимизация). Второе определение имеет в виду процесс выполнения этого решения: т.е. перевод системы от существующего к искомому оптимальному состоянию. В зависимости от вида используемых критериев оптимальности (целевых функций или функционалов) и ограничений модели (множества допустимых решений) различают скалярную О., векторную О., мно¬гокритериальную О., стохастическую О (см. Стохастическое программирование), гладкую и негладкую (см. Гладкая функция), дискретную и непрерывную (см. Дискретность, Непрерывность), выпуклую и вогнутую (см. Выпуклость, вогнутость) и др. Численные методы О., т.е. методы построения алгоритмов нахождения оп¬тимальных значений целевых функций и соответствующих точек области допустимых значений — развитой отдел современной вычислительной математики. См. Оптимальная задача.
    [ http://slovar-lopatnikov.ru/]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU из ABB Review. Перевод компании Интент

    The quest for the optimum

    Вопрос оптимизации

    Throughout the history of industry, there has been one factor that has spurred on progress more than any other. That factor is productivity. From the invention of the first pump to advanced computer-based optimization methods, the key to the success of new ideas was that they permitted more to be achieved with less. This meant that consumers could, over time and measured in real terms, afford to buy more with less money. Luxuries restricted to a tiny minority not much more than a generation ago are now available to almost everybody in developed countries, with many developing countries rapidly catching up.

    На протяжении всей истории промышленности существует один фактор, подстегивающий ее развитие сильнее всего. Он называется «производительность». Начиная с изобретения первого насоса и заканчивая передовыми методами компьютерной оптимизации, успех новых идей зависел от того, позволяют ли они добиться большего результата меньшими усилиями. На языке потребителей это значит, что они всегда хотят купить больше, а заплатить меньше. Меньше чем поколение назад, многие предметы считались роскошью и были доступны лишь немногим. Сейчас в развитых странах, число которых быстро увеличивается, подобное может позволить себе почти каждый.

    With industry and consumers expecting the trend towards higher productivity to continue, engineering companies are faced with the challenge of identifying and realizing further optimization potential. The solution often lies in taking a step back and looking at the bigger picture. Rather than optimizing every step individually, many modern optimization techniques look at a process as a whole, and sometimes even beyond it. They can, for example, take into account factors such as the volatility of fuel quality and price, the performance of maintenance and service practices or even improved data tracking and handling. All this would not be possible without the advanced processing capability of modern computer and control systems, able to handle numerous variables over large domains, and so solve optimization problems that would otherwise remain intractable.

    На фоне общей заинтересованности в дальнейшем росте производительности, машиностроительные и проектировочные компании сталкиваются с необходимостью определения и реализации возможностей по оптимизации своей деятельности. Для того чтобы найти решение, часто нужно сделать шаг назад, поскольку большое видится на расстоянии. И поэтому вместо того, чтобы оптимизировать каждый этап производства по отдельности, многие современные решения охватывают процесс целиком, а иногда и выходят за его пределы. Например, они могут учитывать такие факторы, как изменение качества и цены топлива, результативность ремонта и обслуживания, и даже возможности по сбору и обработке данных. Все это невозможно без использования мощных современных компьютеров и систем управления, способных оперировать множеством переменных, связанных с крупномасштабными объектами, и решать проблемы оптимизации, которые другим способом решить нереально.

    Whether through a stunning example of how to improve the rolling of metal, or in a more general overview of progress in optimization algorithms, this edition of ABB Review brings you closer to the challenges and successes of real world computer-based optimization tasks. But it is not in optimization and solving alone that information technology is making a difference: Who would have thought 10 years ago, that a technician would today be able to diagnose equipment and advise on maintenance without even visiting the factory? ABB’s Remote Service makes this possible. In another article, ABB Review shows how the company is reducing paperwork while at the same time leveraging quality control through the computer-based tracking of production. And if you believed that so-called “Internet communities” were just about fun, you will be surprised to read how a spin-off of this idea is already leveraging production efficiency in real terms. Devices are able to form “social networks” and so facilitate maintenance.

    Рассказывая об ошеломляющем примере того, как был усовершенствован процесс прокатки металла, или давая общий обзор развития алгоритмов оптимизации, этот выпуск АББ Ревю знакомит вас с практическими задачами и достигнутыми успехами оптимизации на основе компьютерных технологий. Но информационные технологии способны не только оптимизировать процесс производства. Кто бы мог представить 10 лет назад, что сервисный специалист может диагностировать производственное оборудование и давать рекомендации по его обслуживанию, не выходя из офиса? Это стало возможно с пакетом Remote Service от АББ. В другой статье этого номера АББ Ревю рассказывается о том, как компания смогла уменьшить бумажный документооборот и одновременно повысить качество управления с помощью компьютерного контроля производства. Если вы считаете, что так называемые «интернет-сообщества» служат только для развлечения,
    то очень удивитесь, узнав, что на основе этой идеи можно реально повысить производительность. Формирование «социальной сети» из автоматов значительно облегчает их обслуживание.

    This edition of ABB Review also features several stories of service and consulting successes, demonstrating how ABB’s expertise has helped customers achieve higher levels of productivity. In a more fundamental look at the question of what reliability is really about, a thought-provoking analysis sets out to find the definition of that term that makes the greatest difference to overall production.

    В этом номере АББ Ревю есть несколько статей, рассказывающих об успешных решениях по организации дистанционного сервиса и консультирования. Из них видно, как опыт АББ помогает нашим заказчикам повысить производительность своих предприятий. Углубленные размышления о самой природе термина «надежность» приводят к парадоксальным выводам, способным в корне изменить представления об оптимизации производства.

    Robots have often been called “the extended arm of man.” They are continuously advancing productivity by meeting ever-tightening demands on precision and efficiency. This edition of ABB Review dedicates two articles to robots.

    Робот – это могучее «продолжение» человеческой руки. Применение роботов способствует постоянному повышению производительности, поскольку они отвечают самым строгим требованиям точности и эффективности. Две статьи в этом номере АББ Ревю посвящены роботам.

    Further technological breakthroughs discussed in this issue look at how ABB is keeping water clean or enabling gas to be shipped more efficiently.

    Говоря о других технологических достижениях, обсуждаемых на страницах журнала, следует упомянуть о том, как компания АББ обеспечивает чистоту воды, а также более эффективную перевозку сжиженного газа морским транспортом.

    The publication of this edition of ABB Review is timed to coincide with ABB Automation and Power World 2009, one of the company’s greatest customer events. Readers visiting this event will doubtlessly recognize many technologies and products that have been covered in this and recent editions of the journal. Among the new products ABB is launching at the event is a caliper permitting the flatness of paper to be measured optically. We are proud to carry a report on this product on the very day of its launch.

    Публикация этого номера АББ Ревю совпала по времени с крупнейшей конференцией для наших заказчиков «ABB Automation and Power World 2009». Читатели, посетившие ее, смогли воочию увидеть многие технологии и изделия, описанные в этом и предыдущих выпусках журнала. Среди новинок, представленных АББ на этой конференции, был датчик, позволяющий измерять толщину бумаги оптическим способом. Мы рады сообщить, что сегодня он готов к выпуску.

    Тематики

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    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > оптимизация

  • 12 Whitworth, Sir Joseph

    [br]
    b. 21 December 1803 Stockport, Cheshire, England
    d. 22 January 1887 Monte Carlo, Monaco
    [br]
    English mechanical engineer and pioneer of precision measurement.
    [br]
    Joseph Whitworth received his early education in a school kept by his father, but from the age of 12 he attended a school near Leeds. At 14 he joined his uncle's mill near Ambergate, Derbyshire, to learn the business of cotton spinning. In the four years he spent there he realized that he was more interested in the machinery than in managing a cotton mill. In 1821 he obtained employment as a mechanic with Crighton \& Co., Manchester. In 1825 he moved to London and worked for Henry Maudslay and later for the Holtzapffels and Joseph Clement. After these years spent gaining experience, he returned to Manchester in 1833 and set up in a small workshop under a sign "Joseph Whitworth, Tool Maker, from London".
    The business expanded steadily and the firm made machine tools of all types and other engineering products including steam engines. From 1834 Whitworth obtained many patents in the fields of machine tools, textile and knitting machinery and road-sweeping machines. By 1851 the company was generally regarded as the leading manufacturer of machine tools in the country. Whitworth was a pioneer of precise measurement and demonstrated the fundamental mode of producing a true plane by making surface plates in sets of three. He advocated the use of the decimal system and made use of limit gauges, and he established a standard screw thread which was adopted as the national standard. In 1853 Whitworth visited America as a member of a Royal Commission and reported on American industry. At the time of the Crimean War in 1854 he was asked to provide machinery for manufacturing rifles and this led him to design an improved rifle of his own. Although tests in 1857 showed this to be much superior to all others, it was not adopted by the War Office. Whitworth's experiments with small arms led on to the construction of big guns and projectiles. To improve the quality of the steel used for these guns, he subjected the molten metal to pressure during its solidification, this fluid-compressed steel being then known as "Whitworth steel".
    In 1868 Whitworth established thirty annual scholarships for engineering students. After his death his executors permanently endowed the Whitworth Scholarships and distributed his estate of nearly half a million pounds to various educational and charitable institutions. Whitworth was elected an Associate of the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1841 and a Member in 1848 and served on its Council for many years. He was elected a Member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1847, the year of its foundation.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Baronet 1869. FRS 1857. President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1856, 1857 and 1866. Hon. LLD Trinity College, Dublin, 1863. Hon. DCL Oxford University 1868. Member of the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers 1864. Légion d'honneur 1868. Society of Arts Albert Medal 1868.
    Bibliography
    1858, Miscellaneous Papers on Mechanical Subjects, London; 1873, Miscellaneous Papers on Practical Subjects: Guns and Steel, London (both are collections of his papers to technical societies).
    1854, with G.Wallis, The Industry of the United States in Machinery, Manufactures, and
    Useful and Ornamental Arts, London.
    Further Reading
    F.C.Lea, 1946, A Pioneer of Mechanical Engineering: Sir Joseph Whitworth, London (a short biographical account).
    A.E.Musson, 1963, "Joseph Whitworth: toolmaker and manufacturer", Engineering Heritage, Vol. 1, London, 124–9 (a short biography).
    D.J.Jeremy (ed.), 1984–6, Dictionary of Business Biography, Vol. 5, London, 797–802 (a short biography).
    W.Steeds, 1969, A History of Machine Tools 1700–1910, Oxford (describes Whitworth's machine tools).
    RTS

    Biographical history of technology > Whitworth, Sir Joseph

  • 13 Boulsover, Thomas

    [br]
    b. 1704
    d. 1788
    [br]
    English cutler, metalworker and inventor of Sheffield plate.
    [br]
    Boulsover, originally a small-scale manufacturer of cutlery, is believed to have specialized in making knife-handle components. About 1742 he found that a thin sheet of silver could be fused to copper sheet by rolling or beating to flatten it. Thus he developed the plating of silver, later called Sheffield plate.
    The method when perfected consisted of copper sheet overlaid by thin sheet silver being annealed by red heat. Protected by iron sheeting, the copper and silver were rolled together, becoming fused to a single plate capable of undergoing further manufacturing processes. Later developments included methods of edging the fused sheets and the placing of silver sheet on both lower and upper surfaces of copper, to produce high-quality silver plate, in much demand by the latter part of the century. Boulsover himself is said to have produced only small articles such as buttons and snuff boxes from this material, which by 1758 was being exploited more commercially by Joseph Hancock in Sheffield making candlesticks, hot-water pots and coffee pots. Matthew Boulton introduced its manufacture in very high-quality products during the 1760s to Birmingham, where the technique was widely adopted later. By the 1770s Boulsover was engaged in rolling his plated copper for industry elsewhere, also trading in iron and purchasing blister steel which he converted by the Huntsman process to crucible steel. Blister steel was converted on his behalf to shear steel by forging. He is thought to have also been responsible for improving this product further, introducing "double-shear steel", by repeating the forging and faggoting of shear steel bars. Thomas Boulsover had become a Sheffield entrepreneur, well known for his numerous skills with metals.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    H.W.Dickinson, 1937, Matthew Boulton, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (describes Boulsover's innovation and further development of Sheffield plate).
    J.Holland, 1834, Manufactures in Metal III, 354–8.
    For activities in steel see: K.C.Barraclough, 1991, "Steel in the Industrial Revolution", in J.Day and R.F.Tylecote (eds), The Industrial Revolution in Metals, The Institute of Metals.
    JD

    Biographical history of technology > Boulsover, Thomas

  • 14 Riley, James

    SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy
    [br]
    b. 1840 Halifax, England
    d. 15 July 1910 Harrogate, England
    [br]
    English steelmaker who promoted the manufacture of low-carbon bulk steel by the open-hearth process for tin plate and shipbuilding; pioneer of nickel steels.
    [br]
    After working as a millwright in Halifax, Riley found employment at the Ormesby Ironworks in Middlesbrough until, in 1869, he became manager of the Askam Ironworks in Cumberland. Three years later, in 1872, he was appointed Blast-furnace Manager at the pioneering Siemens Steel Company's works at Landore, near Swansea in South Wales. Using Spanish ore, he produced the manganese-rich iron (spiegeleisen) required as an additive to make satisfactory steel. Riley was promoted in 1874 to be General Manager at Landore, and he worked with William Siemens to develop the use of the latter's regenerative furnace for the production of open-hearth steel. He persuaded Welsh makers of tin plate to use sheets rolled from lowcarbon (mild) steel instead of from charcoal iron and, partly by publishing some test results, he was instrumental in influencing the Admiralty to build two naval vessels of mild steel, the Mercury and the Iris.
    In 1878 Riley moved north on his appointment as General Manager of the Steel Company of Scotland, a firm closely associated with Charles Tennant that was formed in 1872 to make steel by the Siemens process. Already by 1878, fourteen Siemens melting furnaces had been erected, and in that year 42,000 long tons of ingots were produced at the company's Hallside (Newton) Works, situated 8 km (5 miles) south-east of Glasgow. Under Riley's leadership, steelmaking in open-hearth furnaces was initiated at a second plant situated at Blochairn. Plates and sections for all aspects of shipbuilding, including boilers, formed the main products; the company also supplied the greater part of the steel for the Forth (Railway) Bridge. Riley was associated with technical modifications which improved the performance of steelmaking furnaces using Siemens's principles. He built a gasfired cupola for melting pig-iron, and constructed the first British "universal" plate mill using three-high rolls (Lauth mill).
    At the request of French interests, Riley investigated the properties of steels containing various proportions of nickel; the report that he read before the Iron and Steel Institute in 1889 successfully brought to the notice of potential users the greatly enhanced strength that nickel could impart and its ability to yield alloys possessing substantially lower corrodibility.
    The Steel Company of Scotland paid dividends in the years to 1890, but then came a lean period. In 1895, at the age of 54, Riley moved once more to another employer, becoming General Manager of the Glasgow Iron and Steel Company, which had just laid out a new steelmaking plant at Wishaw, 25 km (15 miles) south-east of Glasgow, where it already had blast furnaces. Still the technical innovator, in 1900 Riley presented an account of his experiences in introducing molten blast-furnace metal as feed for the open-hearth steel furnaces. In the early 1890s it was largely through Riley's efforts that a West of Scotland Board of Conciliation and Arbitration for the Manufactured Steel Trade came into being; he was its first Chairman and then its President.
    In 1899 James Riley resigned from his Scottish employment to move back to his native Yorkshire, where he became his own master by acquiring the small Richmond Ironworks situated at Stockton-on-Tees. Although Riley's 1900 account to the Iron and Steel Institute was the last of the many of which he was author, he continued to contribute to the discussion of papers written by others.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    President, West of Scotland Iron and Steel Institute 1893–5. Vice-President, Iron and Steel Institute, 1893–1910. Iron and Steel Institute (London) Bessemer Gold Medal 1887.
    Bibliography
    1876, "On steel for shipbuilding as supplied to the Royal Navy", Transactions of the Institute of Naval Architects 17:135–55.
    1884, "On recent improvements in the method of manufacture of open-hearth steel", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 2:43–52 plus plates 27–31.
    1887, "Some investigations as to the effects of different methods of treatment of mild steel in the manufacture of plates", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 1:121–30 (plus sheets II and III and plates XI and XII).
    27 February 1888, "Improvements in basichearth steel making furnaces", British patent no. 2,896.
    27 February 1888, "Improvements in regenerative furnaces for steel-making and analogous operations", British patent no. 2,899.
    1889, "Alloys of nickel and steel", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 1:45–55.
    Further Reading
    A.Slaven, 1986, "James Riley", in Dictionary of Scottish Business Biography 1860–1960, Volume 1: The Staple Industries (ed. A.Slaven and S. Checkland), Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, 136–8.
    "Men you know", The Bailie (Glasgow) 23 January 1884, series no. 588 (a brief biography, with portrait).
    J.C.Carr and W.Taplin, 1962, History of the British Steel Industry, Harvard University Press (contains an excellent summary of salient events).
    JKA

    Biographical history of technology > Riley, James

  • 15 Voigtländer, Peter Wilhelm Friedrich

    [br]
    b. 1812 Vienna, Austria d. 1878
    [br]
    Austrian manufacturer of the first purpose-designed photographic objective; key member of a dynasty of optical instrument makers.
    [br]
    Educated at the Polytechnic Institute in Vienna, Voigtländer travelled widely before taking over the family business in 1837. The business had been founded by Voigtländer's grandfather in 1756, and was continued by his father, Johann Friedrich, the inventor of the opera glass, and by the 1830s enjoyed one of the highest reputations in Europe. When Petzval made the calculations for the first purpose-designed photographic objective in 1840, it was inevitable that he should go to Peter Voigtländer for advice. The business went on to manufacture Petzval's lens, which was also fitted to an all-metal camera of totally original design by Voigtländer.
    The Petzval lens was an extraordinary commercial success and Voigtländer sold specimens all over the world. Unfortunately Petzval had no formal agreement with Voigtländer and made little financial gain from his design, a fact which was to lead to dispute and separation; the Voigtländer concern continued to prosper, however. To meet the increasing demand for his products, Peter Voigtländer built a new factory in Brunswick and closed the business in Vienna. The closure is seen by at least one commentator as the death blow to Vienna's optical industry, a field in which it was once preeminent. The Voigtländer dynasty continued long after Peter's death and the name enjoyed a reputation for high-quality photographic equipment well into the twentieth century.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Hereditary Peerage bestowed by the Emperor of Austria 1868.
    Further Reading
    L.W.Sipley, 1965, Photography's Great Inventors, Philadelphia (a brief biography). J.M.Eder, 1945, History of Photography, trans. E.Epstean, New York.
    JW

    Biographical history of technology > Voigtländer, Peter Wilhelm Friedrich

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