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measuring-calculating

Толкование Перевод

1 measuring-calculating

измерительно-вычислительный

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > measuring-calculating
2 measuring-calculating

измерительно-вычислительный

Англо-русский технический словарь > measuring-calculating
3 measuring-calculating

измерительно-вычислительный

English-Russian scientific dictionary > measuring-calculating
4 measuring-calculating

измерительно-вычислительный

English-Russian base dictionary > measuring-calculating
5 methods of measuring and calculating temperatures of the air and sea water in particular regions and during definite time intervals of the geological past

Общая лексика: методы измерения или расчёта температур воздуха и морской воды для определённых районов и инте

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > methods of measuring and calculating temperatures of the air and sea water in particular regions and during definite time intervals of the geological past
6 измерительно-вычислительный

measuring-calculating

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > измерительно-вычислительный
7 method

метод; способ; средство; приём; технология; система; порядок

barrel per acre method — способ определения производительности месторождения с единицы площади

catenary pipe laying method — метод укладки трубопровода по цепной линии

constant casing pressure method — метод борьбы с выбросом поддержанием постоянного давления в затрубном пространстве

cut and try method
— см. trial-and-error method

displacement method of plugging — цементирование через заливочные трубы (без пробок, с вытеснением цементного раствора буровым)

gas-drive liquid propane method — процесс закачки в пласт газа под высоким давлением с предшествующим нагнетанием жидкого пропана

method of successive corrections — способ последовательных поправок

method of successive exclusions — метод последовательных исключений

method of successive substitutions — метод последовательных подстановок

micrometric method of rock analysis — количественно-минералогический метод анализа

single core dynamic method — динамический метод определения относительной проницаемости по отдельному образцу

transient method of electrical prospecting — метод электроразведки, использующий неустановившиеся электрические явления

tubing method of cementing — тампонаж через заливочные трубки

— miscible plug method

— alcohol-slug method

— approximation method

— bailer method

— bottom-packer method

— casing method

— casing-pressure method

— colour band method

— concurrent method

— correlation method

— countercirculation-wash-boring method

— cylinder method

— direct fluorimetric method

— driller's method

— drop weight method

— DTA method

— electrical conductivity method

— fire flooding method

— firing line method

— hesitation method

— image method

— indirect method

— interval change method

— least square method

— long interval method

— magnetic-particle method

— method of application

— method of mirror

— method of testing

— mud-balance method

— multiple detection method

— numerical method

— offset method

— pendant drop method

— penetrating fluid method

— Penn State method

— Perkins method

— producing method

— punching method

— recovery method

— reflection method

— refraction correlation method

— repressuring method

— roll-on method

— safety method

— sand jet method

— saturation method

— secondary recovery method

— sectorial pipe-coupling method

— short hole method

— short-cut method

— tentative method

— tertiary recovery method

— testing method

— thermal recovery method

— top-packer method

— trial-and-error method

— weight-saturation method

— X-ray diffraction method

— X-ray powder method

* * *

метод; способ; приём

bullhead well control method — способ глушения скважины с вытеснением пластового флюида в пласт из кольцевого пространства

constant bottomhole pressure well control method — способ глушения скважины при постоянном забойном давлении

driller's well control method — способ глушения скважины с раздельным удалением пластового флюида и сменой бурового раствора

grasshoper pipeline coupling method — секционный способ сборки трубопровода

method of three coefficients — метод трёх коэффициентов (при прогнозировании надёжности)

one-circulation well control method — способ глушения скважины с одновременным удалением пластового флюида и сменой бурового раствора

reliability matrix index method — метод контроля за обеспечением надёжности путём задания показателей надёжности

suction method of cleaning — вакуумный метод очистки газораспределительных сетей

two-circulation well control method — способ глушения скважины с разделёнными удалением пластового флюида и сменой бурового раствора

Vlugter method of structural group analysis — структурно-групповой метод анализа (углеводородов) по Флюгтеру

wait and weight well-control method — способ глушения скважины с одновременным удалением пластового флюида и сменой бурового раствора

— cementing method

— charcoal method

— Eshka method

— four-point control method

— freepoint-string shot method

— gas recovery method

— hit-and-miss method

— ice-plug method

— maintenance method

— method of acceptance

— method of assurance

— method of operation

— nonreplacement method

— oil recovery method

— oxygen-bomb method

— pipe-driving method

— reliability method

— replacement method

— standardizing performance method

— standby method

— topological method

— ultrasonic method

— well-control method

— well-geophone method

— well-shooting method

— well-testing method

— wireline method

* * *

метод, способ

* * *

метод; способ; приём

method for determination relative water wettability — метод определения относительной водосмачиваемости ( пород);

method for determination wettability — метод определения смачиваемости ( пород)

- method of acceptance
- method of assurance
- method of borehole section correlation
- method of calculating gas reserves
- method of circles
- method of defining petroleum reserves
- method of defining reserves
- method of determining static corrections
- method of drilling
- method of drilling with hydraulic turbine downhole motor
- method of drilling with hydraulic turbine downhole unit
- method of estimating reserves
- method of evaluating petroleum reserves
- method of formation
- method of formation damage analysis
- method of formation heterogeneity analysis
- method of formation nonuniformity analysis
- method of increasing oil mobility
- method of limiting well production rate
- method of liquid saturation determination
- method of maintaining reservoir pressure
- method of maintaining reservoir pressure by air injection
- method of maintaining reservoir pressure by gas injection
- method of maintaining reservoir pressure by water injection
- method of measuring critical water saturation
- method of mirror
- method of operation
- method of planting
- method of sample taking
- method of sampling
- method of sharpening
- method of stimulating production
- method of strong formation explosions
- method of testing
- method of three coefficients
- airborne magnetometer method
- air-hammer drilling method
- airlift well operation method
- alcohol-slug method
- arc refraction method
- aromatic adsorption method
- average velocity method
- average velocity approximation method
- bailer method of cementing
- band method
- barrel per acre method
- Barthelmes method
- basic volume method of estimating reserves
- beam pumping well operation method
- blasthole method
- bomb method
- borderline method
- borehole method
- borehole wall consolidation method
- bottom-packer method
- bottom water isolation method
- bottom water shutoff method
- bottomhole pressure build-up method
- broadside refraction method
- cable tool percussion drilling method
- Cabot method
- building method
- bullhead well control method
- capillarimetric method for determination wettability
- carbonized water injection method
- casing method of cementing
- casing-pressure method
- catenary pipe laying method
- cementing method
- cetane test method
- charcoal method
- chemical method of borehole wall consolidation
- chemical method of borehole wall lining
- circulating method
- clean recirculation method
- cold method of oil fractionation
- combination drilling method
- common-depth-point method
- common-midpoint method
- common-reflection-point method
- compressional-wave method
- concurrent method
- concurrent method of well killing
- constant bottomhole pressure well control method
- constant casing pressure method
- constant pit level method
- continuous-correlation method
- continuous-profiling method
- controlled directivity reception method
- converted wave method
- copper dish method
- correlation method of refracted waves
- correlation refraction method
- countercirculation-wash-boring method
- crosshole method
- cube method
- curved-path method
- cyclic steam-soaking secondary oil recovery method
- cycloidal ray-path method
- cylinder method
- deep-hole method
- deep-refraction method
- delay-and-sum method
- derrick assembling method
- derrick erection method
- desalting method
- development method
- dewatering method
- diesel cetane method
- differential liberation method
- diffraction stack method
- dipole profiling method
- direct method of orientation
- directional survey method
- dispersed gas injection method
- displacement method of plugging
- distillation method
- distillation method of liquid saturation determination
- double control method
- downhole method
- downhole sucker-rod pump well operation method
- down-the-hole induced polarization method
- drill steam method of coke removal
- driller's method
- driller's well control method
- drilling method
- drilling-in method
- dual coil ratiometer method
- effusion method
- electrical method of geophysical prospecting
- electrical-audibility method
- electrical-exploration method
- electrical-logging method
- electrical-prospecting method
- electrical-sounding method
- electrical-surveying method
- electrochemical method of borehole wall consolidation
- electrochemical method of borehole wall lining
- electromagnetic method of orientation
- electromagnetic-exploration method
- electromagnetic-prospecting method
- electromagnetic-profiling method
- electromagnetic-sounding method
- electromagnetic-surveying method
- enhanced recovery method
- enriched gas injection method
- Eshka method
- evaporation method of measuring critical water saturation
- exploration method
- exploration prospecting survey method
- exploration seismic method
- explosion drilling method
- explosion seismic method
- express method
- express method of production calculation
- filter-and-sum method
- fire flooding method
- firing line method
- first-break method
- first-event method
- float-and-chains method
- float-on method
- formation evaluation method
- four-point control method
- fracture method
- freepoint-string shot method
- freezing method
- freezing point depression method
- from-bottom-upward method of derrick assembling
- from-top-downward method of derrick assembling
- frontal advance gas-oil displacement method
- Galician method
- gamma-ray method
- gas blow-around method
- gas-chromatography method
- gas-drive liquid propane method
- gaslift well operation method
- gas-production test method
- gas-recovery method
- geological petroleum exploration method
- geological petroleum prospecting method
- geophysical petroleum exploration method
- grasshopper pipeline coupling method
- gravity method of geophysical prospecting
- gravity exploration method
- heat injection secondary oil recovery method
- hectare method of estimating reserves
- hesitation method
- high-pressure dry gas injection method
- high-resolution method
- hit-and-miss method
- holoseismic method
- horizontal-loop method
- hot-water drive method
- hydraulic drilling method
- hydraulic fracturing method
- hydraulic hammer drilling method
- hydraulic jet drilling method
- hydrodynamic method of calculating oil production
- hydrodynamic drilling method
- ice-plug method
- image method
- indirect method of orientation
- induction logging method
- infiltration method
- injection flow method
- in-situ combustion method
- interval change method
- isolation method
- isoline method of reserves estimation
- Kiruna method
- knock intensity method
- lamp method
- lean mixture rating method
- liquid solvent injection method
- logging method
- long-hole method
- long-interval method
- long-wire transmitter method
- luminescent-bitumen method
- magnesium-hydroxide method
- magnetic method of geophysical prospecting
- magnetic-exploration method
- magnetic-flaw detection method
- magnetic-particle method
- magnetic-particle flaw detection method
- magnetoelectrical control method
- magnetometrical method
- magnetotelluric method
- magnetotelluric-exploration method
- magnetotelluric-sounding method
- maintenance method
- mercury injection method of measuring critical water saturation
- micrometric method of rock analysis
- microseismic method
- migration method
- mining method
- moving-plug method of cementing
- moving-source method
- mud-balance method
- mudcap method
- mudflush drilling method
- multiple detection method
- nonionic surfactant water solution injection method
- nonreplacement method
- Norwegian method
- oil drive method
- oil production method
- oil recovery method
- oil withdrawal method
- one-agent borehole wall consolidation method
- one-agent borehole wall lining method
- one-circulation well control method
- outage method
- oxygen-bomb method
- parabolic method
- passive method
- pattern method
- pattern-type gas injection method
- penetration method
- penetrating fluid method
- percussion method
- perforation method
- Perkins method
- phase-velocity method
- physicochemical method of borehole wall consolidation
- physicochemical method of borehole wall lining
- picric acid method
- pipe-bridge method
- pipe-driving method
- pipeline-assembly method
- pipeline-coupling method
- placement method
- plane front method
- plasma drilling method
- polarization method
- Poulter method
- pour point depression method
- pressure build-up method of formation damage analysis
- pressure build-up method of formation heterogeneity analysis
- pressure-drop method of estimating gas reserves
- primary oil recovery method
- probe method
- producing method
- producing well testing method
- production method
- production test method
- profiling method
- projected-vertical-plane method of orienting
- prospecting method
- pump-out method
- punching method
- radioactive method
- radioactive method of geophysical prospecting
- radio-direction-finder method
- ray-path method
- ray-stretching method
- ray-tracing method
- record presentation method
- recovery method
- rectilinear ray-path method
- reflection method
- reflection interpretation method
- refracted wave method
- refraction method
- refraction correlation method
- refraction interpretation method
- reliability method
- reliability matrix index method
- remedial cementing method
- replacement method
- repressuring method
- resistivity method
- restored-state method of measuring critical water saturation
- retort method of liquid saturation determination
- reversed refraction method
- ring-and-ball method
- rod tool percussion drilling method
- rodless pump well operation method
- roll-on method
- rope-and-drop pull method
- rotary drilling method
- rotation drilling method
- sampling method
- sand jet method
- saturation method
- saturation method of pore volume measurement
- secondary oil recovery method
- sectional method of pipeline assembly
- sectional pipe-coupling method
- sectorial pipe-coupling method
- sedimentology method of measuring particle size distribution
- seismic method
- seismic method of geophysical prospecting
- seismic-detection method
- seismic-exploration method
- seismic-identification method
- seismic-interpretation method
- seismic-reflection method
- seismic-refraction method
- self-potential method
- sequence firing method
- shear-wave method
- short-hole method
- shot-drilling method
- shot-popping method
- side-tracking method
- side-wall coring method
- single-core dynamic method
- single-fold continuous-coverage method
- slalom-line method
- small-bore deep-hole method
- soap suds method
- sounding method
- spontaneous polarization method
- squeeze cementing method
- squeezing method
- standardizing performance method
- standby method
- stationary liquid method of relative permeability determination
- statistical method of calculating oil production
- statistical method of estimating reserves
- steam oil drive method
- stepwise method of McCabe and Thiele
- stimulation method
- stove pipe method
- stove pipe flange method of rolling beams
- straight ray-path method
- subsurface method of geophysical prospecting
- suction method of cleaning
- summation method
- surface method of geophysical prospecting
- surface-wave method
- swabbing method
- swinging-gage method
- tertiary oil recovery method
- testing method
- thermal-acid formation treatment method
- thermal-recovery method
- thickened water injection method
- three-dimensional seismic method
- thumper method
- top-packer method
- towing method
- transient method of electrical prospecting
- transmitted wave method
- transposed method
- triaxial test method
- tubing method of cementing
- two-agent borehole wall consolidation method
- two-agent borehole wall lining method
- two-circulation well control method
- ultrasonic method
- ultrasonic flaw detection method
- variable-area method
- velocity-analysis method
- vertical loop method
- Vibroseis method
- Vlugter method of structural group analysis
- volume method of estimating reserves
- volume-statistical method of estimating reserves
- volume-weight method of estimating reserves
- volumetric method of estimating reserves
- volumetric-genetic method of estimating reserves
- wait-and-weight well-control method
- Walker's method
- wash-and-drive method
- washing method
- water flooding method
- water influx location method
- weathering computation method
- weight-drop method
- weight-saturation method
- well-casing method
- well-completion method
- well-control method
- well-drill method
- well-geophone method
- well-operation method
- well-shooting method
- well-testing method
- wireline method
- X-ray diffraction method
* * *

средство

Англо-русский словарь нефтегазовой промышленности > method
8 instrument

1) прибор, измерительный прибор

2) инструмент

•

- air gage instrument
- analog measuring instrument
- angular instrument
- auxiliary instrument
- auxiliary measuring instrument
- calculating instrument
- calibration instrument
- center-zero instrument
- chart-recording instrument
- checking instrument
- comparator instrument
- comparing instrument
- compensating self-recording instrument
- computing instrument
- conctactless instrument of consecutive profile transformation
- contact instrument of consecutive profile transformation
- contact measuring instrument
- control instrument
- counting instrument
- critically damped indicating instrument
- curve-drawing instrument
- detecting instrument
- dial instrument
- digital measuring instrument
- direct-reading instrument
- distant indicating instrument
- distant-action instrument
- drafting instrument
- drawing instrument
- eddy current testing instrument
- end instrument
- environmental instruments
- exposed instrument
- flameproof instrument
- flow instrument
- force-measuring instrument
- form instrument
- form testing instrument
- gear-measuring instrument
- go/no-go instrument
- height measuring instrument
- helical lead measuring instrument
- highly damped instrument
- hob contour measuring instrument
- hob lead inspection instrument
- indicating instrument
- insensitive instrument
- integrating instrument
- involute profile measuring instrument
- laser sectioning instrument
- lead-and-involute instrument
- lead-measuring instrument
- legal measuring instrument
- measurement instrument
- measuring instrument
- metering instrument
- metric/Imperial instrument
- monitoring instrument
- multipoint instrument
- noncontact measuring instrument
- noncontact/contact measuring instrument
- optical instrument
- ordinary measuring instrument
- physical instrument
- precision instrument
- precision measuring instrument
- pressure-sensing instrument
- primary instrument
- printing instrument
- profile recording instrument
- profile testing instrument
- reading instrument
- recording instrument
- reference instrument
- roughness instrument
- roundness measurement instrument
- roundness measuring instrument
- scientific instrument
- scribing instrument
- secondary instrument
- sectioning instrument
- self-contained instrument
- self-recording instrument
- service instrument
- single-axis instrument
- spacing instrument
- standard instrument
- stylus-type instrument
- summation instrument
- supervisory instruments
- surface analysis instrument
- surface instrument
- surface measuring instrument
- surface texture instrument
- technical instrument
- test instrument
- testing instrument
- tool breakage checking instrument
- tool setting instrument
- tooth space measuring instrument
- totalizing instrument
- two-point measuring instrument
- vacuum-sensing instrument

English-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > instrument
9 apparatus

1) устройство; приспособление

2) прибор

3) аппарат; установка; аппаратура

•

- abrasive wear apparatus -
aging apparatus
-
alignment sensing apparatus
-
anti-set-off apparatus
-
automatic switch apparatus
-
automatic train stop apparatus
-
ball-on-flat wear life apparatus
-
base plate apparatus
-
bemberg stretch-spinning apparatus
-
blast apparatus
-
block apparatus
-
Bowden-Leben apparatus
-
braking apparatus
-
breathing apparatus
-
brine apparatus
-
bum-in apparatus
-
buoyant apparatus
-
calculating apparatus
-
calibrating apparatus
-
car checking apparatus
-
carbon apparatus
-
coating apparatus
-
coil handling apparatus
-
combustion safety apparatus
-
composing apparatus
-
compressed-air painting apparatus
-
conditioning apparatus
-
constant-flow apparatus
-
continuous wear measuring apparatus
-
control block apparatus
-
coupling apparatus
-
crossed cylinders test apparatus
-
cutting apparatus
-
dampening apparatus
-
desktop apparatus
-
developing apparatus
-
diffusion apparatus
-
direct-acting measuring apparatus
-
dispensing apparatus
-
distillation apparatus
-
diving apparatus
-
drop-weight test apparatus
-
dry spinnings
-
drying apparatus
-
electric apparatus
-
electrodialysis apparatus
-
electrophoresis apparatus
-
Engler-Ubbelohde apparatus
-
evaporating apparatus
-
exposure control apparatus
-
feeding apparatus
-
film drive apparatus
-
film processing apparatus
-
film reeling apparatus
-
film tensioning apparatus
-
flash point apparatus
-
flaw-detecting apparatus
-
float apparatus
-
flow-measuring apparatus
-
fog-signal apparatus
-
foldable photographic apparatus
-
folding apparatus
-
freezing apparatus
-
fretting apparatus
-
friction and adhesion testing apparatus
-
friction and fatigue apparatus
-
friction and wear apparatus
-
friction apparatus
-
frying apparatus
-
gate apparatus
-
glueing apparatus
-
heat-transfer apparatus
-
high-temperature friction apparatus
-
ice-cream apparatus
-
ice-making apparatus
-
image forming apparatus
-
ink spraying apparatus
-
inking apparatus
-
interference measuring apparatus
-
junction shearing apparatus
-
key lock apparatus
-
kinetic boundary friction apparatus
-
lap-forming apparatus
-
lime slaking apparatus
-
malting apparatus
-
manual block apparatus
-
mashing apparatus
-
matrix distributing apparatus
-
measuring apparatus
-
melt spinning apparatus
-
melting apparatus
-
melting-point apparatus
-
monitoring apparatus
-
motion-picture apparatus
-
motion-picture projection apparatus
-
multiple exposure apparatus
-
mutual indentation hardness apparatus
-
numerical control apparatus
-
oscillating pin on flat friction apparatus
-
oxygen breathing apparatus
-
pasting apparatus
-
pellet on disk apparatus
-
photographic apparatus
-
photographic developing apparatus
-
photographic self-processing apparatus
-
photographic type composing apparatus
-
pin and ring apparatus
-
planting apparatus
-
position sensing apparatus
-
printing apparatus
-
processing apparatus
-
projection apparatus
-
quenching apparatus
-
quick intermittent advancement apparatus
-
receiving apparatus
-
reciprocating pellet apparatus
-
reciprocity calibration apparatus
-
registering apparatus
-
regulating apparatus
-
rendering apparatus
-
roasting apparatus
-
rod cropping apparatus
-
sampling apparatus
-
sand-aerating apparatus
-
sand-blasting apparatus
-
sand-blast apparatus
-
scratch test apparatus
-
section block apparatus
-
self-contained breathing apparatus
-
self-developing photographic apparatus
-
self-rescue breathing apparatus
-
separating hosiery apparatus
-
shake apparatus
-
shear strength apparatus
-
sheet delivery apparatus
-
shirring apparatus
-
signal handling apparatus
-
slide projection apparatus
-
sliding systems friction apparatus
-
spark-quenching apparatus
-
spinning apparatus
-
spinning friction apparatus
-
spline wear test apparatus
-
start-stop apparatus
-
static friction apparatus
-
station block apparatus
-
steam-heated apparatus
-
steam-jacketed apparatus
-
step-by-step apparatus
-
stick-slip feet apparatus
-
stocking mending apparatus
-
strip-coiling apparatus
-
strip-guiding apparatus
-
strip-oiling apparatus
-
surging-type pickling apparatus
-
switch operating apparatus
-
synchronizing apparatus
-
thermocopying apparatus
-
thrust washer test apparatus
-
timber-hauling apparatus
-
tool-positioning apparatus
-
train apparatus
-
transducing apparatus
-
transmitting apparatus
-
tree shear apparatus
-
truncated cone on cylioder apparatus
-
tuyere apparatus
-
two annular friction apparatus
-
Uhlig's apparatus
-
ultrasonic film cleaning apparatus
-
unmanned diagnostic control apparatus
-
U-tube apparatus
-
vacuum friction apparatus
-
vacuum gas analysis apparatus
-
vapor density apparatus
-
vapor-testing apparatus
-
vibration friction apparatus
-
viewing apparatus
-
vulcanizing apparatus
-
waxing apparatus
-
web guiding apparatus
-
web processing apparatus
-
weighing and packing apparatus
-
wet spinning apparatus
-
wheel counting apparatus
-
workpiece identification apparatus
-
workpiece politioning apparatus
-
X-ray apparatus
-
yarn supply apparatus
-
yeast growing apparatus
-
zone-melting apparatus

Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > apparatus
10 machine

1) машина; механизм; станок; агрегат

2) машинка; устройство; аппарат

3) машинный; станочный

4) обрабатывать механически; обрабатывать резанием

5) механизировать

•

- abrasive cutting machine
- absorption refrigerating machine
- abstract machine

- agitator machine

- air refrigerating machine

- ammonia refrigerating machine
- approved shot-firing machine
- arm pickling machine

- asphalt laying machine

- augering machine

- automatic answering machine
- automatic arc-welding machine - automatic assembly machine - automatic bar-stock machine - automatic cam-controlled machine - automatic casting machine - automatic chain-bending machine - automatic checking machine - automatic chucking machine - automatic cocoon-reading machine - automatic drawing-in machine - automatic half-hose machine - automatic hopper-feed machine - automatic hosiery machine
- automatic machine

- automatic multispindle machine
- automatic multistation machine - automatic single-spindle machine - automatic single-station machine - automatic sorting machine - automatic tracer machine - automatic weighing machine - automatic welding machine - automatic winding machine - autonomous sequential machine
- axial-flow machine

- backing machine

- back-lining machine

- banding machine

- bar tacking machine

- bar-bending machine

- barrel crozing machine

- basing machine

- battery short-firing machine

- batting machine

- beading machine

- beam warping machine

- beaming machine

- beet slicing machine

- bevelling-and-trimming machine

- binary machine

- binding machine

- binding-off machine

- blade folding machine

- blanching machine

- blueprinting machine

- blue-printing machine

- bobbin spinning machine

- bobbin-stripping machine

- body-length machine

- bolt-threading machine

- boning machine

- bookbinding machine

- boom sprinkling machine

- boom sprinkling machine

- boring machine

- bottle filling machine

- bottle filling machine

- bottle washing machine

- bottle washing machine

- braiding machine

- brazing machine

- breading machine

- broaching machine

- bronzing machine

- brush sifting machine

- brush sifting machine

- brushing machine

- bucket milking machine

- bulb-blowing machine

- bundling machine

- burnrishing machine

- button machine

- button-hole machine

- calculating machine

- can packing machine

- candy deposing machine

- capping machine

- carbonizing machine

- card-binding machine

- cardboard machine

- card-cutting machine

- carding machine

- card-mounting machine

- carton erecting machine
- carton feeding machine - case assembling machine - case making machine
- case-making machine

- casing machine

- casing-in machine

- cask racking machine
- cask windlassing machine - casting cleaning machine
- casting machine

- centering machine

- centrifugal spinning machine
- chain testing machine
- chain-stich machine

- chance machine

- character recognition machine

- charging machine

- charing machine

- cheese-winding machine

- chill casting machine

- chopping machine

- cigar rolling machine
- cigarette making machine - cigarette packing machine - circular warp-knitting machine
- circular-milling machine

- circulating dyeing machine
- claw trussing machine
- cleaning machine

- closing machine

- cloth brushing machine
- cloth mellowing machine
- cloth-cutting machine

- cloth-laying machine

- cloth-pinking machine

- cloth-slitting machine

- cocoon beating machine
- cocoon winding machine
- cocoon-riddling machine

- coil banding machine
- coil winding machine
- coil-winding machine

- cold-upsetting machine

- collaring machine

- collating machine

- commutator machine

- complete sequential machine
- compound-table milling machine - concentrate charging machine
- concrete-finishing machine

- conditional certainty machine
- conditional probability machine
- connected machine

- continuous casting machine
- continuous dyeing machine
- continuous machine

- continuous roll-forming machine
- continuously operating machine
- coordinate-measuring machine

- cop-winding machine

- core depositing machine
- core roll-over machine
- core-making machine

- corner-cutting machine

- cotton printing machine

- cotton-scraping machine

- covering machine

- crane and pipe-stringing machine

- cream beating machine

- creaming machine

- curtain coating machine

- curtain-lace machine

- cutting-loading machine

- cutting-off machine

- cutting-winning machine

- cut-wrap machine

- cybernetic machine

- cylinder shearing machine
- cylinder sizing machine - cylinder warping machine
- deairing machine

- delinting machine

- depositing machine

- desizing machine

- dictating machine

- die-cutting machine

- die-forging machine

- die-making machine

- direct-driven machine

- discharging machine

- discrete machine

- disk ruling machine
- double-cutter shearing machine - double-faced winding machine - double-knife cutting machine
- double-tier net machine

- double-tricot machine

- doubling machine

- dough depositing machine
- dough dividing machine - dough forming machine - dough molding machine - dough rolling machine - dough rounding machine
- dovetailing machine

- drain-installing machine

- drawing frame machine
- drop roller machine - dropwire cleaning machine - drum winding machine - duplex calculating machine
- duplicating machine

- Dwight-Lloyd machine

- dyeing machine

- earth-moving machine

- edge planing machine

- electrical-discharge machine

- electrographic machine

- electrospark discharge machine
- elevator washing machine
- embossing machine

- embroidery machine

- emery scouring machine

- emulsifying machine

- end soldering machine

- engraving machine

- etching machine

- excavating milling machine

- expanding machine

- fabric-packaging machine

- fettling machine

- fibre-extracting machine

- filing machine

- fillet machine

- filleting machine

- filling-and-capping machine

- film overwrapping machine

- film-cleaning machine

- film-slitting machine

- finite-state machine

- fish cutting machine
- fish dressing machine - fish packing machine - flame-shape cutting machine
- flanging machine

- flat knitting machine
- flat-and-back stripping machine - flax scutching machine - flax spreading machine
- floatation machine

- floor ripping machine

- floor-polisher machine

- flour packing machine

- flying machine

- foiling machine

- folding machine

- freon refrigerating machine

- fur-cutting machine

- galvanizing machine

- gambling machine

- gang boring machine
- gang drilling machine - gantry cutting machine
- gauging machine

- gear-cutting machine

- gear-grinding machine

- gear-hobbing machine

- generalized machine

- geometry machine

- germ separating machine

- gig machine

- glazing machine

- grafting machine

- grain-cleaning machine

- grating machine

- gravity filling machine

- grid machine

- groove-cutting machine

- ground-effect machine

- group machine

- half-hose machine

- hammer drilling machine

- haymaking machine

- headbanding machine

- heading machine

- hemp-scutching machine

- heuristic machine

- hole drilling machine

- honing machine

- hot die-forging machine

- hulling machine

- humidifying machine

- hydraulic riveting machine

- ideal machine

- identity-reset machine

- impeller machine

- inference machine

- influence machine

- in-line transfer machine

- integrated machine

- intelligent machine

- irrigating machine

- jet machine

- jig dyeing machine

- jigging machine

- jointing machine

- juicing machine

- kitchen machine

- kneading machine

- knee-type milling machine

- knitting machine

- knotting machine

- knurling machine

- labeling machine

- ladder-type trenching machine

- lasting machine

- layered machine

- learning machine

- letter-setting machine

- letter-sorting machine

- levelling machine

- lime-slaking machine

- linear machine

- local machine

- logic machine

- logical machine

- loop-forming sinker web machine

- lopping machine

- lossless machine

- low-ground charing machine
- machine with input
- machine-building machine

- mathematical machine

- maze-solving machine

- meat emulsifying machine
- meat tenderizing machine - mechanical interlock machine - medium-range sprinkling machine
- memory machine

- microfinishing machine

- milling machine

- minimal machine

- mining machine

- mixed-flow machine

- mold cleaning machine

- multidimensional machine

- multihead machine

- multipacking machine

- multiple-arc welding machine
- multiple-spot welding machine
- multiple-tape machine

- multi-purpose shearing machine
- multiroll straightening machine - network access machine
- nonerasing machine

- numbering machine

- nut-cutting machine

- oil roll machine

- one-sided machine

- opening and lap-forming machine

- oracle machine

- ore sintering machine

- oval knitting machine
- overhead charging machine
- oxygen-cutting machine

- package-tying machine

- paddle dyeing machine
- paddle wool-washing machine
- paging machine

- paper-cutting machine

- paper-lapping machine

- parallel planing machine
- pattern recognition machine
- paying-out machine

- peeling machine

- pelt fleshing machine
- penetrating-type dyeing machine
- penny-matching machine

- percussion riveting machine

- permutation machine

- pipe welding machine

- pipe-bending machine

- pipe-cutting machine

- pipe-molding machine

- pipe-swabbing machine

- pipe-threading machine

- pipette rinsing machine

- pipe-welding machine

- piston filling machine

- pitching machine

- pitting machine

- plane machine

- planing machine

- planting machine

- plate bending machine

- plating machine

- plunger-type leveling machine

- positive-displacement machine

- pressure-dyeing machine

- probabilistic machine

- program-controlled machine

- pseudostochastic machine

- pulling machine

- pulling-over machine

- pulping machine

- pulsator dyeing machine

- pulverizing machine

- punching machine

- pure culture machine

- putting out machine

- quadric machine

- quick-freezing machine

- quotient machine

- rabbeting machine

- rail drilling machine

- rail-cambering machine

- ramming machine

- randomizing machine

- raschel machine

- rasping machine

- real machine

- redrawing machine

- reduced machine

- reed-making machine

- reel dying machine

- relieving machine

- resonant vibration machine
- reversed torsion machine
- ribbon lap machine

- rice-hulling machine

- riffling machine

- riveting machine

- road-building machine

- roasting machine

- rock-boring machine

- rock-cutting machine

- roll slitting machine
- roller printing machine
- roller-bending machine

- rolling-quench machine

- roof drilling machine
- roof ripping machine
- rope-twisting machine

- rotary capping machine

- rotary cross-cutting machine
- rotary cutting machine - rotary filling machine
- rotary-swaging machine

- rotary-table milling machine

- rounding machine

- routing machine

- ruling machine

- sack beating machine
- saddle stitch machine
- sampling machine

- sandblast machine

- sand-throwing machine molding

- sawing machine

- scarfing machine

- scouring machine

- screw-cutting machine

- screw-type waashing machine

- scudding machine

- sealing-exhausting machine

- sealing-in machine

- seamless hosiery machine
- section warping machine
- seed-treating machine

- self-describing machine

- self-improving machine

- self-reproducing machine

- semi-automatic casing-in machine

- semi-automatic machine

- semi-automatic milling machine

- semigroup machine

- sequential machine

- series machine

- shake-out machine

- shaving machine

- shearing machine

- sheet-fed machine

- sheet-forming machine

- sheeting machine

- sheet-straightening machine

- shock-and-vibration machine

- shock-free vibration machine
- shot blasting machine - shot welding machine
- shot-blasting machine

- shucking machine

- singeing machine

- single-impeller machine

- single-operator welding machine

- single-scutcher machine

- single-tape machine

- skidding machine

- skinning machine

- slicing machine

- sliming machine

- slotting machine

- slug-casting machine

- snow removal machine
- soap milling machine
- soap milling machine

- sounding machine

- spindle winding machine

- splint-chopping machine

- splint-levelling machine

- splitting machine

- spot-welding machine

- spray developing machine

- spreading machine

- spring testing machine

- sprinkling machine

- squeeze molding machine

- squeezing machine

- stable hole machine

- staking machine

- stamping machine

- statistical machine

- step-and-repeat machine

- step-by-step action machine
- stitch welding machine
- stitching machine

- stoning machine

- storage-battery welding machine

- stretching machine

- striking-out machine

- strip-welding machine

- strongly connected machine

- stuffing machine

- switch machine

- syllogism machine

- syrup crystallizing machine
- syrup filling machine - tablet compressing machine - tape sizing machine
- tape sizing machine

- taping machine

- teaching machine

- tearing machine

- tensiel-testing machine

- test-grading machine

- thinking machine

- three-state machine

- through-put buffing machine

- tie spot machine

- tinning machine

- tire-bending machine

- tobacco humidifying machine
- tobacco ripping machine - tobacco stringing machine
- tool-grinding machine

- tooth-quenching machine

- transfer machine

- tree planting machine

- trenching machine

- tube-cutting machine

- tunnelling loading machine

- Turing machine

- turret drilling machine

- two-decker machine

- two-state machine

- two-symbol machine

- typecasting machine

- type-casting machine

- typesetting machine

- ultrasonic welding machine

- unbundling machine

- unconditional probability machine

- unhairing machine

- universal machine

- universal match machine

- unpacking machine

- vacuum capping machine

- vacuum filling machine
- vacuum kneading machine - vacuum packing machine - vacuum refrigerating machine - vacuum seaming machine
- vacuum-forming machine

- vapor refrigerating machine

- varnishing machine

- vector machine

- vertical forging machine

- warp-knitting machine

- washing machine

- weakly definite machine

- weighing-and-filling machine

- weighing-and-packing machine

- welt-sewing machine

- wet-burring machine

- wheel-type trenching machine

- willowing machine

- winnowing machine

- wire-marking machine

- wire-nail machine

- wire-stiching box-making machine

- wire-typing machine

- wood-peeling machine

- wood-working machine

- wool-scouring machine

- worsted spinning machine

- wrapping machine

- wringing machine

- yarn sizing machine
- yeast extruding machine

English-Russian scientific dictionary > machine
11 gauging

1. n измерение

capacitance gauging system — емкостная система измерения

float gauging — измерение скорости течения поплавками

gauging the thickness — измерение толщины

well gauging — измерение дебита скважины

2. n выверка; градуировка, калибровка

gauging arrangement — приспособление для калибровки

3. n дозировка

Синонимический ряд:

1. measuring (verb) measuring; scaling

2. rating (verb) appraising; assaying; assessing; calculating; estimating; evaluating; judging; rating; valuing

English-Russian base dictionary > gauging
12 machine

1) машина

2) машинный
3) обрабатывать резанием
4) станочный
5) механизм
6) устройство
7) обрабатывать механически
8) печатать
9) машинка
10) станок
– accounting machine
– adding machine
– addressing machine
– agitator machine
– air refrigerating machine
– boring machine
– braiding machine
– brazing machine
– breading machine
– break-down machine
– duplicating machine
– machine tool
– machine translation
– machine variable
– machine welding
– mathematical machine
– measuring machine
– mercerizing machine
– pipe-welding machine
– pitching machine
– pitting machine
– single-impeller machine
– single-scutcher machine
– sintering machine
– sizing machine
– skidding machine
– skinning machine
– wood-peeling machine
– wood-working machine
– wool-scouring machine
– wrapping machine
– wringing machine

abrasive cutting machine — станок абразивный отрезной

absorption refrigerating machine — абсорбционная холодильная машина

ammonia refrigerating machine — аммиачная холодильная машина

approved shot-firing machine — безопасная взрывная машинка

asphalt laying machine — асфальтоукладчик

automatic answering machine — < radio> автономность самолета, автоответчик

automatic arc-welding machine — дуговой сварочный автомат

automatic assembly machine — сборочный автомат

automatic bar-stock machine — прутковый автомат

automatic cam-controlled machine — кулачковый автомат

automatic casting machine — литейный автомат

automatic chain-bending machine — цепевязальный автомат

automatic checking machine — контрольный автомат

automatic chucking machine — патронный автомат

automatic cocoon-reading machine — кокономотальный автомат

automatic drawing-in machine — основопроборный автомат

automatic half-hose machine — носочный автомат

automatic hopper-feed machine — бункерный автомат

automatic hosiery machine — чулочный автомат

automatic multispindle machine — многошпиндельный автомат

automatic multistation machine — многопозиционный автомат

automatic sand-blasting machine — пескоструйный автомат

automatic single-spindle machine — одношпиндельный автомат

automatic single-station machine — однопозиционный автомат

automatic sorting machine — сортировочный автомат

automatic tracer machine — копировальный автомат

automatic weighing machine — весовой автомат

automatic welding machine — сварочный автомат

automatic winding machine — мотальный автомат

barrel crozing machine — уторный станок

battery short-firing machine — батарейная взрывная машинка

beam warping machine — партионная сновальная машина

beet slicing machine — свеклорезальная машина

bench-type machine tool — настольный станок

blade folding machine — ножевая фальцевальная машина

bobbin spinning machine — бобинная прядильная машина

boom sprinkling machine — консольная дождевальная машина

bottle filling machine — разливочная машина для бутылок

bottle washing machine — бутылкомоечная машина

brush sifting machine — щеточная просеивающая машина

bucket milking machine — доильная машина с ведрами

candy deposing machine — конфетоотсадочная машина

carton erecting machine — машина для сборки картонной тары

carton feeding machine — машина для подачи картонной тары

case assembling machine — крышкосборочная машина

case making machine — картонораскройная машина

cask racking machine — бочкоразливочная машина

cask windlassing machine — стяжной ворот для бочек

casting cleaning machine — машина для очистки отливок

centrifugal spinning machine — центрифугальная прядильная машина

chain testing machine — цепопробный станок

character recognition machine — устройство распознавания знаков

chill casting machine — кокильная машина

cigar rolling machine — закаточная машина для сигар

cigarette making machine — сигаретная машина

cigarette packing machine — сигаретоупаковочная машина

circular warp-knitting machine — круглая основовязальная машина

circulating dyeing machine — рециркуляционная красильная машина

claw trussing machine — обручеосадочная машина

cloth brushing machine — щеточная чистильная машина

cloth mellowing machine — мягчильная машина

cocoon beating machine — коконорастрясочная машина

cocoon winding machine — кокономотальная машина

coil banding machine — обвязочная машина для рулонов

coil winding machine — станок намоточный, станок обмоточный

compound-table milling machine — бесконсольный фрезерный станок

concentrate charging machine — завалочная машина для концентрата

continous roll-forming machine — непрерывная роликогибочная машина

continuous casting machine — машина непрерывной разливки

continuous dyeing machine — проходной красильный аппарат

continuously operating machine — автомат непрерывного действия

core depositing machine — корпусоотливочная машина

core roll-over machine — поворотная стержневая машина

cotton printing machine — ситцепечатная машина

crane and pipe-stringing machine — <energ.> кран-трубокладчик

cream beating machine — кремовзбивальная машина

curtain coating machine — машина для поливочного крашения

cylinder shearing machine — барабанная стригальная машина

cylinder sizing machine — барабанная шлихтовальная машина

cylinder warping machine — ленточная сновальная машина

designing a machine as a unit — агрегатирование машин

disk ruling machine — линовальная дисковая машина

double-cutter shearing machine — двухцилиндровая стригальная машина

double-faced winding machine — двусторонная мотальная машина

double-knife cutting machine — двухножевая резальная машина

dough depositing machine — тестоотсадочная машина

dough dividing machine — тестоделительная машина

dough forming machine — тестозакаточная машина

dough molding machine — тестоформовочная машина

dough rolling machine — тестовальцовочная машина

dough rounding machine — тестоокруглительная машина

drawing frame machine — ленточная машина

drop roller machine — монпансейная машина

dropwire cleaning machine — машина для чистки ламелей

drum winding machine — горизонтальная мотальная машина

duplex calculating machine — сдвоенная вычислительная машина

edge planing machine — кромкострогальный станок

electrospark discharge machine — электроискровой станок

elevator washing machine — элеваторная моечная машина

emery scouring machine — наждачная обоечная машина

excavating milling machine — землеройно-фрезерная машина

film overwrapping machine — оберточная машина для пленки

fish cutting machine — рыборезальная машина

fish dressing machine — рыборазделочная машина

fish packing machine — рыбоупаковочная машина

flame-shape cutting machine — машина огневой фасонной резки

flat knitting machine — плосковязальная машина

flat-and-back stripping machine — кантовочная машина

flax scutching machine — льнотрепальная машина

flax spreading machine — льнорасстилочная машина

floor ripping machine — машина для подрывки почвы

flour packing machine — выбойный аппарат

freon refrigerating machine — фреоновая холодильная машина

gang boring machine — станок расточный агрегатный

gang drilling machine — станок сверлильный агрегатный

gantry cutting machine — портальная газорезательная машина

germ separating machine — ростокоотбойная машина

gravity filling machine — гравитационная разливочная машина

hammer drilling machine — молотковая бурильная машина

hole drilling machine — буросбоечная машина

hydraulic riveting machine — клепальная гидравлическая машина

in-line transfer machine — прямолинейная автоматическая линия

knee-type milling machine — консольный фрезерный станок

ladder-type trenching machine — цепной многоковшовый экскаватор

loop-forming sinker web machine — кулирная машина

low-ground charing machine — напольная завалочная машина

machine check interruption — прерывание по машинному сбою

machine cycle time — такт работы ЭВМ

machine direction paper — бумага продольной резки

machine finish of paper — машинная гладкость бумаги

meat emulsifying machine — измельчитель мяса эмульсионный

meat tenderizing machine — машина для тендеризации мяса

mechanical interlock machine — < railways> аппарат централизационный механический

medium-range sprinkling machine — среднеструйная дождевальная машина

metal-cutting machine tool — металлорежущий станок

metal-removal machine tool — металлобрабатывающий станок

mold cleaning machine — очистительная машина для форм

multi-purpose shearing machine — универсальные ножницы

multiple-arc welding machine — многодуговая сварочная машина

multiple-spot welding machine — многоточечная сварочная машина

multiroll straightening machine — многороликовая правильная машина

network access machine — механизм доступа к сети

opening and lap-forming machine — разрыхлительно-трепальный агрегат

oval knitting machine — овальная вязальная машина

overhead charging machine — завалочная машина кранового типа

paddle dyeing machine — лопастная красильная машина

paddle wool-washing machine — лопастная шерстомойная машина

paper machine direction — машинное направление бумаги

parallel planing machine — станок продольно-строгальный

pattern recognition machine — устройство распознавания образов

pelt fleshing machine — мездрильная машина

penetrating-type dyeing machine — красильная пропиточная машина

percussion riveting machine — ударная клепальная машина

pipe welding machine — трубосварочная машина

pipette rinsing machine — моечный аппарат для пипеток

piston filling machine — поршневая разливочная машина

plate bending machine — листогибочная машина

plunger-type leveling machine — правильная машина плунжерного типа

power machine building — энергомашиностроение

pulsator dyeing machine — красильная машина с вибратором

pure culture machine — аппарат чистых культур

rail drilling machine — рельсосверлильная машина

reel dying machine — красильная барка с барабанчиком

resonant vibration machine — резонансная вибрационная машина

reversed torsion machine — реверсивная крутильная машина

roll slitting machine — машина для роспуска рулонов

roller printing machine — валичная печатная машина

roof drilling machine — машина для бурения кровли

roof ripping machine — машина для подрывки кровли

rotary capping machine — ротационная укупорочная машина

rotary cross-cutting machine — ротационная листорезка

rotary cutting machine — ротационная резальная машина

rotary filling machine — ротационная разливочная машина

rotary-table milling machine — карусельный фрезерный станок

sack beating machine — машина для выколачивания мешков

saddle stitch machine — машина для шитья внакидку

sand-throwing machine molding — пескометная формовка

screw-type waashing machine — шнековая моечная машина

seamless hosiery machine — круглочулочный автомат

section warping machine — секционная сновальная машина

semi-automatic casing-in machine — книговставочный полуавтомат

semi-automatic milling machine — фрезерный полуавтомат

shock-free vibration machine — безударная вибрационная машина

shot blasting machine — дробеструйная машина

shot welding machine — импульсная сварочная машина

single-operator welding machine — однопостовая сварочная машина

skate machine lever — рычаг управления тормозным башмаком

snow removal machine — снегоуборочная машина

soap milling machine — пилирная машина для мыла

spindle winding machine — веретенная мотальная машина

spray developing machine — струйная проявочная машина

spring testing machine — испытательная машина для рессор

squeeze molding machine — прессовая формовочная машина

stable hole machine — машина для нарезки ниш

step-by-step action machine — автомат последовательного действия

stitch welding machine — точечно-роликовая сварочная машина

storage-battery welding machine — конденсаторная сварочная машина

switch machine lever — рукоятка управления стрелочным приводом

syrup crystallizing machine — кондировочная машина

syrup filling machine — сиропоразливочная машина

tablet compressing machine — таблетировочная машина

tape sizing machine — жгутовая шлихтовальная машина

through-put buffing machine — проходная шлифовальная машина

tobacco humidifying machine — табакоувлажнительная машина

tobacco ripping machine — трепальная машина для табака

tobacco stringing machine — шнуровальная машина для табака

tree planting machine — лесопосадочная машина

tunnelling loading machine — погрузочная проходческая машина

turret drilling machine — револьверный сверлильный станок

ultrasonic welding machine — устройство ультразвуковой сварки

unit-head machine tool — станок агрегатный

universal match machine — спичечный универсальный автомат

vacuum capping machine — вакуум-укупорочная машина

vacuum filling machine — вакуум-разливочная машина

vacuum kneading machine — вакуум-месильная машина

vacuum packing machine — вакуум-упаковочная машина

vacuum refrigerating machine — вакуумная холодильная машина

vacuum seaming machine — вакуум-закаточная машина

vapor refrigerating machine — паровая холодильная машина

vertical forging machine — вертикально-ковочная машина

wheel-type trenching machine — траншейный роторный экскаватор

wire-stiching box-making machine — коробочная проволокошвейная машина

worsted spinning machine — камвольная прядильная машина

yarn sizing machine — шлихтовальная машина для пряжи

yeast extruding machine — дрожжеформовочная машина

Англо-русский технический словарь > machine
13 near cash

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гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

Introduction

This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.

Principles of the framework

The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
"
consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
" "
the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
" "
strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
"
the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.

The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
"
the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
"
the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.

Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.

Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)

The framework for public expenditure is divided between
"
Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
"
Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.

More information about DEL and AME is set out below.

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Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL)

In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.

Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.

Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.

There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.

Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME)

AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.

AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.

AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.

Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.

Total Managed Expenditure

Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.

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Resource Accounting and Budgeting ( RAB)

Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
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Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
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Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
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Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
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Administration Budgets (see below)

Administration Budgets

The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.

Spending Reviews

The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.

The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.

Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.

The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
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provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
" "
enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
" "
introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
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not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.

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Comprehensive Spending Review 2007

To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.

A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
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an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
" "
an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
" "
to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
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further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.

The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.

Obtaining good performance

Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.

The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.

Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.

Departmental Investment Strategies (DISs)

To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.

This document was updated on 19 December 2005.

Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money

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GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
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GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money

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GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.

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64Managing Public Money

Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash
14 error

n

ошибка, погрешность

- accidental error
- accounting error
- admissible error
- allowable error
- ascertainment error
- average error
- biased error
- billing error
- bookkeeping error
- calculation error
- casual error
- clerical error
- compensating errors
- composite error
- computational error
- computing error
- conspicuous error
- constant error
- crude error
- cumulative error
- data error
- decision error
- detectable error
- detected error
- dynamic error
- estimation error
- fabrication error
- forecast error
- forecasting error
- grave error
- gross error
- inherited error
- initial error
- in-process error
- inspection error
- instrumental error
- interpolation error
- interpretation error
- introduced error
- linear error
- line transmission error
- machine error
- manufacturing error
- mean error
- measuring error
- methodic error
- observation error
- obvious error
- office error
- parity error
- percentage error
- permissible error
- prediction error
- probable error
- programme error
- programming error
- random error
- random sampling error
- reasonable error
- recurrent error
- relative error
- repetitive error
- sample error
- sampling error
- serious error
- single error
- smoothing error
- statistical error
- systematic error
- tax error
- tolerated error
- total error
- typing error
- uncorrected error
- error in calculating
- error in calculation
- error in the design
- error in mean
- error in the price
- error in rounding off
- error in survey
- error of estimate
- error of law
- error of measurement
- error of specification
- errors and omissions
- errors and omissions excepted
- in error
- check for error
- commit an error
- correct an error
- do in error
- eliminate errors
- identify errors
- locate an error
- make an error
- prevent an error
- put right an error
- rectify an error
- trace an error
- warn against errors

English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > error
15 instrument

инструмент; прибор; приспособление; орудие; аппарат (см. также apparatus, device, mechanism)

- instrument board
- instrument board compartment
- instrument case

- instrument cluster
- instrument lamp - instrument light - instrument panel - instrument panel lamp - all-purpose instrument
- angular instrument

- calculating instrument
- clip-on instrument - tong-test instrument - control instrument - deflection instrument
- dial instrument

- direct-reading instrument

- distant-action instrument
- drawing instrument - electrodynamic instrument - electronic instrument - end instrument - engine instrument - field instrument - flow instrument - hot-wire instrument - indicating instrument - induction instrument - integrating instrument - levelling instrument - measuring instrument - optical instrument - physical instrument - precision instrument - ruggedized instrument - scientific instrument - split-electromagnet instrument - technical instrument - testing instrument - track instrument - vibrating-reed instrument

Англо-русский словарь по машиностроению > instrument
16 rule

1. линейка; шпон

side rule nomogram — номограмма типа логарифмической линейки

oceanographic slide rule — океанографическая счетная линейка

parallel rule — линейка для проведения параллельных линий

head rule — линейка для образования черты в верху газеты

navigational slide rule — навигационная счетная линейка

2. линовать, графить

3. метка

advertizing rule — линейка для разделения объявлений

bold-face rule — жирная линейка

box rule — линейка, обрамляющая текст, обрамление

guide rule — регистровая метка

4. линейка для разделения колонок

rule box — линейка; шпон; ограничивающий прямоугольник

slide rule nomogram — номограмма типа счетной линейки

pilot retirement rule — возрастной предел для пилота

rule off — отделить чертой, провести линейкой черту

partitioning rule — правило разделения на разделы

5. строкозакладная линейка

straight-edge rule — прямая линейка

vertical rule — вертикальная линейка

column rule — строкозакладная линейка

rule weight — толщина наборной линейки

zigzag folding rule — складная линейка

6. пробельная линейка между полосами текста на форме

combination rule — комбинированная линейка

composing rule — наборная линейка; шпон

copyfitting slide rule — расчётная линейка для набора, типографская линейка

creasing rule — штриховальный нож, штриховальная линейка

creasing steel rule — стальной штриховальный нож, стальная линейка для штриховки

cross rule — поперечная линейка

cut rules — линейки, нарезанные на определённую длину

cutoff rule — линейка, отделяющая объявления друг от друга

know your customer rule — правило "знай своего клиента"

rule form — форма для печатания табличных линеек

steel rule die — штамп в форме стальной линейки

multiscale rule — многошкальная счетная линейка

sliding rule — счётная логарифмическая линейка

7. высекальная линейка, высекальный нож

depth rule — линейка — глубинометр

dividing rule — масштабная линейка

comparing rule — масштабная линейка

levelling rule — поверочная линейка

measuring rule — масштабная линейка

8. нож для просечки

draft reading rule — рейка для измерения осадки

brass rule case — касса для латунных линеек

rule cutter — устройство для резки линеек

cutting rule — пилообразный режущий нож

joint rule — шаблон для разбивки швов

9. пилообразный режущий нож

dash rule — разъединительная линейка

date line rule — линейка для подчёркивания строки с указанием даты выхода данного номера

dotted rule — пунктирная линейка

cut-scoring rule — рилевочный нож

10. кегельная линейка, кегельный шпон

rule drawer — устройство экспонирования линеек

folding rule — складной метр, складная линейка

zigzag rule — складная линейка; складной метр

navigation slide rule — навигационная линейка

slide caliper rule — логарифмическая линейка

11. тире

en rule — полукегельная линейка; полукегельный шпон

fine face rule — тонкая линейка

French rule — французская линейка, линейка с утолщением в виде ромба посередине

12. линейка для подчёркивания заголовков

bevel rule — линейка со скосом

double rule — рантовая линейка

plumb rule — линейка с отвесом

roller rule — катящаяся линейка

scaled rule — масштабная линейка

13. линейка для образования черты в верху газеты

horizontal rule — горизонтальная линейка

lead rule — гартовая линейка

light double rule — светлая двойная линейка

machine-cast rule — линейка, отлитая на машине

medium face rule — полужирная линейка

metal rule — тире

mutton rule — кегельная линейка; кегельный шпон

one-point face rule — однопунктовая линейка

aiming rule — визирная линейка

board rule — многошкальная линейка

ornamental rule — орнаментальная линейка

calculating rule — логарифмическая линейка

off-side rule — правило о положении вне игры

14. линейка для проведения параллельных линий; штриховальный прибор

brass rule — латунная линейка

sight rule — визирная линейка

steel rule — стальная линейка

wave rule — волнистая линейка

wavy rule — волнистая линейка

15. рантовая линейка

perforating rule — перфорационная линейка

plain rule — обычная сплошная линейка

recessed-shoulder rule — линейка с заплечиками

register rule — приводочная линейка

score rule — штриховальная линейка, гибочная линейка

scoring steel rule — стальная штриховальная линейка, стальная гибочная линейка

setting rule — наборная линейка

shaded rule — рантовая линейка

single rule — светлая линейка

slide rule — масштабная линейка

space rule — линейка для табличного набора

spread rule — английская линейка; концевая линейка

swelled rule — линейка с утолщением посередине

thick rule — жирная линейка

thick-thin rule — рантовая линейка

thin rule — светлая линейка

total rule — итоговая линейка

English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > rule
17 total cost of ownership

Gen Mgt

a structured approach to calculating the costs associated with buying and using a product or service. Total cost of ownership takes the purchase cost of an item into account but also considers related costs such as ordering, delivery, subsequent usage and maintenance, supplier costs, and after-delivery costs. Originally designed as a process for measuring IT expense after implementation, total cost of ownership considers only financial expenses and excludes any cost-benefit analysis.

Abbr. TCO

The ultimate business dictionary > total cost of ownership
18 Vernier, Pierre

SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering

[br]

b. c. 1580 Ornans, Franche-Comté, France

d. 14 September 1637 Ornans, FrancheComté, France

[br]

French mathematician, inventor of the vernier caliper, an instrument for making highly accurate linear measurements.

[br]

He was educated by his father, Claude Vernier, and from an early age studied all kinds of instruments, both in practice and in theory. The Spanish government employed him on several commissions, before he was elected commandant of the Château d'Ornans and later Director-General of Finances and Counsellor for the county of Bourgogne. In 1631 he wrote La Construction, l'usage et les propriétés du quadrant nouveau de mathématiques ("The Construction, Uses and Properties of a New Mathematical Quadrant"), which contained tables of trigonometric sines and a method of calculating the angles of a triangle from the lengths of its sides, as well as a description of his new measuring instrument which became known as the vernier caliper.

[br]

Bibliography

1631, La Construction, l'usage et les propriétés du quadrant nouveau de mathématiques, Brussels.

Further Reading

Rosenkilde and Bagger (eds), 1969, Nouvelle biographie générale, Copenhagen.

IMcN

Biographical history of technology > Vernier, Pierre

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