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81 периодический процесс
периодический процесс
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
batch process
A process that is not in continuous or mass production; operations are carried out with discrete quantities of material or a limited number of items. (Source: MGH)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > периодический процесс
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82 engineering
1) техника || технический2) машиностроение || машиностроительный3) конструирование; проектирование; разработка; проработка; инженерия || конструкторский; инженерный4) прикладной (напр. о науке)•- application engineering
- automated design engineering
- automated engineering
- automatic control engineering
- computer engineering
- computer-aided control engineering
- computer-aided production engineering
- computer-aided system engineering
- concurrent engineering
- control engineering
- customized engineering
- cutting tool engineering
- database engineering
- design engineering
- electrical engineering
- foundry engineering
- gear engineering
- general engineering
- heavy engineering
- heavy mechanical engineering
- human engineering
- illuminating engineering
- industrial engineering
- instrument engineering
- knowledge engineering
- light engineering
- lighting engineering
- management engineering
- manufacturing engineering
- material engineering
- mechanical engineering
- methods engineering
- NC engineering
- numerical engineering
- plant engineering
- precision engineering
- preproduction engineering
- process engineering
- product design and production engineering
- product engineering
- production engineering
- project engineering
- quality engineering
- reverse engineering
- safety engineering
- simultaneous engineering
- software engineering
- structural engineering
- surface engineering with a laser
- system engineering
- systems engineering
- value engineering
- vibration engineeringEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > engineering
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83 MRP II
abbr. Opsmanufacturing resource planning: a computer-based manufacturing, inventory planning and control system that broadens the scope of production planning by involving other functional areas that influence production decisions. Manufacturing resource planning evolved from material requirements planning to integrate other functions in the planning process. These functions may include engineering, marketing, purchasing, production scheduling, business planning, and finance. -
84 worker
сущ.1)а) общ. работник, рабочий, исполнитель (выполняющий работу; занятый трудом, работой)municipal worker — муниципальный служащий, работник органов местного самоуправления
clerical worker — конторский [канцелярский\] служащий
day shift worker, day worker — дневной работник, работник дневной смены; сотрудник, работающий в дневную смену
night shift worker, night worker — ночной работник, работник ночной смены; сотрудник, работающий в ночную смену
Syn:See:atypical worker, black-coated worker, by-worker, caseworker, casual worker, child care workers, civilian workers, clerical workers, contingent worker, coworker, co-worker, data entry worker, discouraged worker, displaced worker, experienced worker, extension worker, family worker, farmworker 1), fellow worker, field worker, fixed-term contract worker, floorworker, full-time worker, gainful worker, gaming cage workers, gaming services workers, handicapped worker, home worker, homeworker, home-worker, human services worker, indentured worker 1), independent worker, indirect worker, inexperienced worker, key worker, keyworker, knowledge worker, knowledge-worker, law enforcement workers, leased worker, legal support workers, marginal worker, media and communication workers, minority worker, multiskilled worker, nonmanual worker, non-manual worker, non-worker, office worker, on-call worker, outworker, out-worker, parking enforcement workers, part-time worker, permanent worker, personal appearance workers, pink-collar worker, postal service workers, professional worker, public worker, radio worker, recreation workers, regular worker, religious workers, retail sales workers, salary worker, sales worker, service worker, sheltered worker, short-time worker, social service worker, social worker, social workers, structured task worker, teleworker, temp worker, temporary worker, typical worker, utility worker, wage worker, wageworker, wage-worker, white collar worker, white-collar worker, Workfare worker, involvement of workers, worker buy-out, worker director, worker dislocation, worker displacement, worker mobility, worker representation, workers' coverage, workers' involvement, workers' participation, workers' remittances, Convention (No. 100) concerning Equal Remuneration for Men and Women Workers for Work of Equal Value, Standard Occupational Classification System, World Federation of Scientific Workersб) общ. работник, рабочий; сотрудник (работники, осуществляющие функции преимущественно физического труда, непосредственно занятые в процессе создания материальных ценностей, поддержания в рабочем состоянии машин и механизмов, производственных помещений и пр.)agricultural worker — сельскохозяйственный рабочий, рабочий на ферме
industrial worker — промышленный рабочий, рабочий промышленности
worker in industry — промышленный рабочий, рабочий промышленности
farm worker — сельскохозяйственный рабочий, рабочий на ферме
assembly ( line) worker — рабочий на конвейере, сборщик на конвейере
trained worker — квалифицированный [обученный\] рабочий
transport worker — транспортный работник, работник транспорта
Syn:See:accident-prone worker, affluent worker, aggregate worker, agricultural workers, air transportation workers, assimilated worker, auto worker, autoworker, bindery workers, blue collar worker, blue-collar worker, building cleaning workers, core worker, cutting workers, deferential worker, direct worker, electrical worker, Extraction Workers, face worker, farm family worker, farmworker 2), food preparation workers, food processing workers, foreign worker, funeral service workers, general worker, guest worker, immigrant worker, indentured worker 2), itinerant worker, livestock worker, logging workers, manual worker, maritime worker, material moving workers, metal workers and plastic workers, migrant worker, migratory worker, odd-job worker, painting workers, periphery worker, pest control workers, photographic process workers, piece worker, piece-rate worker, pieceworker, piece-worker, print worker, printing workers, process worker, production worker, productive worker, rail transportation workers, relief worker, seasonal worker, shift worker, shiftworker, shock-worker, steel worker, steel-collar worker, steelworker, task worker, transportation workers, unskilled worker, water transportation workers, woodworker, class of workers, movement of workers, worker injury, worker-hour, workers' comp, workers' compensation, workers' condition, workers' control, workers' cooperative, workers' state COMBS: added worker effect, least preferred co-worker scale, Community Charter of the fundamental social rights of workers, Convention (No. 135) concerning Protection and Facilities to be Afforded to Workers' Representatives in the Undertaking, Sheet Metal Workers Local 28 v. EFOC, Standard Occupational Classification System, United Steel Workers of America v. Weber, Workers' Comp Law, Workers' Compensation Law,2) с.-х., биол. рабочий, работник; рабочее насекомое (о социальных насекомых, напр. муравьях, пчелах, термитах и др., как правило, стерильные особи, выполняющие большую часть работы по постройке жилища, его охране, заботе о потомстве и т.п.) -
85 SMP
1) Компьютерная техника: Simultaneous Multi Processing, Symmetric Multi Processing, System Modification Program2) Спорт: Skiers Must Perish3) Военный термин: Simultaneous Membership Program, scheduled maintenance program, ship maintenance planning data, standard maintenance procedure, standards, methods, and planning, summary maneuver plan, systems maintenance procedure, systems monitoring panel, Soviet Military Power (the publication)5) Сельское хозяйство: Sucrose Monopalmitate6) Шутливое выражение: Smoke More Pot, Symmetric Multiple Penguins7) Математика: полумарковский процесс (semi-Markovian process)8) Экономика: significant market power9) Страхование: special multi-peril program10) Грубое выражение: Stupid Money Pit12) Телекоммуникации: Switching Module Processor, Symmetric Multiprocessing13) Сокращение: Self Maintenance Period, Signature Management Program, Stores Management Processor, Surface Mine Plough (UK), Symmetrical Multiprocessor, sensitized material print, sound motion picture14) Университет: Synthesis And Modeling Project15) Фото: Scanning Microscope Photometer16) Вычислительная техника: Symbolic Manipulation Program, Symmetric Multi-Processor, service management point, Software Motion Picture (DEC), Symmetric MultiProcessor (system, SMP)17) Нефть: sodium metaphosphate18) Связь: Service Management Point (IN)19) Пищевая промышленность: Small Meat Pizza, skim milk powder20) Фирменный знак: Shoemaker Maclean And Pratt, Spider Monkey Productions21) Экология: soluble microbial products22) Деловая лексика: Solutions Made Pocketable, Sounds Of Mass Production, System Marginal Price23) Бурение: метафосфат натрия (sodium metaphosphate)24) Образование: Special Milk Program25) Сетевые технологии: Simple Management Protocol, symmetrical multiple processor, symmetrical multiprocessing, простой протокол управления, симметричная многопроцессорность, симметричная мультиобработка, симметричная мультипроцессорная обработка, симметричный мультипроцессор, упрощённый протокол управления26) Полимеры: модифицированный силиконом сложный полиэфир27) Контроль качества: semi-Markov process28) Химическое оружие: Site Monitoring Plan29) Расширение файла: Program, Symbolic Manipulation, Symmetric Multiprocessor, Symmetrical Multi-Processing, Samplevision File (Samplevision)30) Нефть и газ: Single Point Mooring31) Высокочастотная электроника: subminiature push-on, surface-mount package32) Майкрософт: архитектура SMP33) Общественная организация: Synchronous Membership Program34) NYSE. Standard Motor Products, Inc.35) НАСА: Systems Management Policy36) Программное обеспечение: симметричная многопроцессорная обработка (сокр. от "symmetric multiprocessing") -
86 smp
1) Компьютерная техника: Simultaneous Multi Processing, Symmetric Multi Processing, System Modification Program2) Спорт: Skiers Must Perish3) Военный термин: Simultaneous Membership Program, scheduled maintenance program, ship maintenance planning data, standard maintenance procedure, standards, methods, and planning, summary maneuver plan, systems maintenance procedure, systems monitoring panel, Soviet Military Power (the publication)5) Сельское хозяйство: Sucrose Monopalmitate6) Шутливое выражение: Smoke More Pot, Symmetric Multiple Penguins7) Математика: полумарковский процесс (semi-Markovian process)8) Экономика: significant market power9) Страхование: special multi-peril program10) Грубое выражение: Stupid Money Pit12) Телекоммуникации: Switching Module Processor, Symmetric Multiprocessing13) Сокращение: Self Maintenance Period, Signature Management Program, Stores Management Processor, Surface Mine Plough (UK), Symmetrical Multiprocessor, sensitized material print, sound motion picture14) Университет: Synthesis And Modeling Project15) Фото: Scanning Microscope Photometer16) Вычислительная техника: Symbolic Manipulation Program, Symmetric Multi-Processor, service management point, Software Motion Picture (DEC), Symmetric MultiProcessor (system, SMP)17) Нефть: sodium metaphosphate18) Связь: Service Management Point (IN)19) Пищевая промышленность: Small Meat Pizza, skim milk powder20) Фирменный знак: Shoemaker Maclean And Pratt, Spider Monkey Productions21) Экология: soluble microbial products22) Деловая лексика: Solutions Made Pocketable, Sounds Of Mass Production, System Marginal Price23) Бурение: метафосфат натрия (sodium metaphosphate)24) Образование: Special Milk Program25) Сетевые технологии: Simple Management Protocol, symmetrical multiple processor, symmetrical multiprocessing, простой протокол управления, симметричная многопроцессорность, симметричная мультиобработка, симметричная мультипроцессорная обработка, симметричный мультипроцессор, упрощённый протокол управления26) Полимеры: модифицированный силиконом сложный полиэфир27) Контроль качества: semi-Markov process28) Химическое оружие: Site Monitoring Plan29) Расширение файла: Program, Symbolic Manipulation, Symmetric Multiprocessor, Symmetrical Multi-Processing, Samplevision File (Samplevision)30) Нефть и газ: Single Point Mooring31) Высокочастотная электроника: subminiature push-on, surface-mount package32) Майкрософт: архитектура SMP33) Общественная организация: Synchronous Membership Program34) NYSE. Standard Motor Products, Inc.35) НАСА: Systems Management Policy36) Программное обеспечение: симметричная многопроцессорная обработка (сокр. от "symmetric multiprocessing") -
87 robot
робот, промышленный робот; автоматический манипулятор- adaptive robotrobot tending the machine — пристаночный робот; обслуживающий робот
- all-electric robot
- all-electric-drive robot
- all-hydraulic robot
- anthropomorphic robot
- arc-welding robot
- articulated arm robot
- articulated robot
- assembling robot
- attendant robot
- bang-bang robot
- bolt-on robot
- built-on robot
- carrying robot
- cartesian coordinate-type robot
- cartesian robot
- checking robot
- chuck robot
- column robot
- communication robot
- computer-controlled robot
- construction robot
- continuous path robot
- cooperating robots
- coordinate measuring robot
- coordinated multiple robot
- crane robot
- cutter changing robot
- cutter handling robot
- cutter kitting robot
- cylindrical coordinate-type robot
- dc powered robot
- deburring robot
- dedicated robot
- depalletizing robot
- dexterous robot
- direct teaching robot
- docking robot
- double-armed robot
- electric robot
- electric servo actuated robot
- electric servo robot
- electrically-operated robot
- electric-drive robot
- extended-reach robot
- extended-travel robot
- factory intelligence-controlled robot
- five-axis robot
- fixed robot
- fixed sequence robot
- fixed-stop robot
- flexible arm robot
- flexible robot
- floor mounted robot
- flowline robot
- FMM robot
- force-controlled robot
- forging robot
- free-standing robot
- future stage robot
- gantry robot
- gantry-mounted robot
- gate-type robot
- general-purpose robot
- generation 1 robot
- generation 1,5 robot
- generation 2 robot
- generation 3 robot
- grinding robot
- hand-arm robot
- handling robot
- high-technology robot
- household robot
- humanoid robot
- hydraulic robot
- hydraulically-actuated robot
- industrial robot
- industry robot
- inspection robot
- integrated laser robot
- intelligent robot
- jointed arm robot
- jointed spherical robot
- limited degree-of-freedom robot
- linear axis robot
- linear-type robot
- loader/unloader robot
- locomotive robot
- machine-loading robot
- machine-mounted robot
- magazine robot
- manipulating industrial robot
- master robot
- material-handling robot
- materials-processing robot
- measurement robot
- measuring robot
- medium technology robot
- mobile robot
- multiarm robot
- multiaxis robot
- multifunction robot
- multilimbed robot
- multilink robot
- multiple robots
- multiple-arm robot
- multisensor robot
- multisensor-based robot
- multitask robot
- NC robot
- nonexplosion-proof robot
- nonlinear robot
- nonredundant robot
- nonservo robot
- off-the-shelf robot
- on-board robot
- on-machine robot
- open loop robot
- overhead gantry robot
- overhead robot
- painter robot
- painting robot
- paint-spraying robot
- pallet loader robot
- pallet robot
- pallet-changing robot
- part turnover robot
- parts-handling robot
- part-turning robot
- pedestal robot
- pedestal-style robot
- pendulum robot
- pick-and-place robot
- piling robot
- pipe welding inspection robot
- pivoted arm robot
- pneumatically powered robot
- point-to-point robot
- polar coordinate robot
- polar robot
- polishing robot
- position control robot
- power efficient robot
- precision measurement robot
- process control robot
- process robot
- production robot
- program-controlled robot
- programmed on-line robot
- record-playback robot
- rectangular coordinate-type robot
- rectilinear-Cartesian robot
- remote maintenance robot
- remote-control robot
- remote-controlled robot
- repair robot
- revolute jointed robot
- revolute robot
- revolute-joint-type robot
- RGV-mounted robot
- RW robot
- screw-driving robot
- selecting robot
- sensor feedback robot
- sensor-guided robot
- sensory-controlled robot
- sensory-interactive robot
- sequence robot
- service robot
- servo actuated robot
- servo robot
- shape-sensing robot
- shuttle robot
- simple-to-comlex robots
- single robot
- single-arm robot
- six-jointed robot
- slave robot
- sliding-mode robot
- spherical coordinate-type robot
- spherical robot
- spot-welding robot
- spray glazing robot
- spraying robot
- stacker crane robot
- standard robot
- supervisory-controlled robot
- swarf removal robot
- tailor-made robot
- teaching playback robot
- teaching playback-type robot
- telephon testing robot
- term robot
- three-arm robot
- three-axis robot
- tool kitting robot
- tool robot
- tool transport robot
- tool-building robot
- tool-changing robot
- tool-drum loader robot
- tool-handling robot
- tool-loading robot
- tracked mobile robot
- tracked robot
- track-mounted robot
- transfer robot
- transportation robot
- two-axis robot
- unmanned robot
- versatile robot
- vision-guided robot
- visually-guided robot
- walking robot
- welding robot
- work transfer robot
- workpiece-handling robotEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > robot
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88 technology
1) технология; технические приёмы2) техника; технические средства3) технические знания; технический опыт, систематизированный технический опыт•- actuator technology
- advanced manufacturing technology
- aggregate technology
- AI-based robotics technology
- assembly technology
- audiovisual technology
- automatic eddy current technology
- automation technology
- automative technology
- CAD/CAM technology
- CADCAM technology
- CAM technology
- capacitance technology
- capacitance-sensing technology
- CBN grinding technology
- cell manufacturing technology
- CIM-based technology
- CIMIS technologies
- CNC technology
- communication technology
- computer-aided technology
- computer-driven technology
- control technology
- conveyance technologies
- cutoff sawing technology
- cutting edge technology
- cutting machine tool technology
- cutting technology
- cutting tool technology
- digital eddy current technology
- digital imaging technology
- digital technology
- DNC technology
- eddy current technology
- electroheat technology
- electronic technology
- enabling technology
- engineering technology
- enterprise management technology
- fabricating technology
- fast-developing control technology
- field-proven technology
- five-axis technology
- flexible manufacturing technology
- FMS technology
- force-based technology
- framework technology
- gear processing technology
- generative NC technology
- group technology
- image expansion technology
- industrial automation technologies
- information management technology
- information technology
- innovative technology
- insert technology
- inspection technology
- instructional technologies
- instrumentation technology
- knowledge processing technology
- laser strip technology
- laser stripe technology
- laser surface modification technology
- laser technology
- laser-gaging technology
- leading-edge technology
- lighting technology
- locomotive technologies
- machine control technology
- machine tool control technology
- machine tool technology
- machining technology
- mainstream manufacturing technology
- manufacturing technology
- materials technology
- material-specific cutting technology
- mature technology
- measurement technology
- mechanical technology
- mechanical-engineering technology
- microprocessor technology
- moire technology
- monitoring technology
- multiple laser technology
- NC machining technology
- NC technology
- near-term technology
- networking technology
- numerical control process technology
- open system technology
- open systems technology
- pattern-recognition technology
- precision engineering technology
- probing technologies
- process technology
- processing technology
- production technology
- remote control technology
- robot technology
- robotics technology
- RP technology
- saw technology
- sensing technology
- sensor technology
- sheet metal working technology
- silicon integrated-circuit technology
- silicon technology
- solid state technology
- standard-product technologies
- support technology
- surface-mount technology
- swarf-monitoring technology
- telepresence technology
- telerobotic technology
- time study-based technology
- time-of-flight technology
- tried-and-true technology
- turning technology
- ultrasonic technology
- underlying technology
- unmanned turning technology
- up-to-the-minute technology
- vacuum technology
- vision technology
- workstation technologyEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > technology
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89 control
1) управление; регулирование; проверка, контроль || управлять, регулировать; проверять, контролировать2) орган управления3) pl регулирующие устройства4) борьба (напр. с сельскохозяйственными вредителями) -
90 specification
(spec; specs)ком. специфікація; деталізація; деталь; визначення в подробицях; технічні умови; інструкція з експлуатаціїдетальне визначення матеріалів, вимог, технічних засобів і т. ін. для виконання, здійснення або завершення проекту, плану, завдання, замовлення тощо═════════■═════════activity specification опис операції; adopted specifications прийняті технічні умови; basic specifications основні технічні характеристики; colour specifications колірні характеристики; complete specification повний опис; contract specifications технічні умови договору • умови контракту; current specifications чинні норми; customer specifications технічні умови замовника; delivery specifications умови постачання; design specification технічне завдання на проектування; detailed specification докладна специфікація; engineering specifications технічні умови; equipment specification специфікація на устаткування; export specification експортна декларація; federal specifications федеральні технічні умови; final specification остаточний опис; forwarding specification специфікація відправлених товарів; inquiry specification довідкова специфікація; inspection specification технічні умови нагляду; invoice specification фактура-специфікація; job specification кваліфікаційні вимоги; material specification специфікація матеріалів; original specification первісна специфікація; packing specification пакувальна специфікація; patent specification патентна специфікація • опис винаходу для патенту; performance specification технічні умови • експлуатаційні характеристики; precise specification точна специфікація; price specification розцінкова специфікація; prior specification попередній опис; process specifications вимоги до технології; process control specifications технічні умови для контролю виробничого процесу; product specification технічна характеристика виробу; production specification промислова нормаль • технічні умови на виріб; project specification специфікація проекту; purchasing specifications вимоги до поставленої продукції; quality specifications вимоги до якості; route specification маршрутна специфікація; safety specifications технічні умови безпеки; shipping specification відвантажувальна специфікація; spare parts specification специфікація на запасні частини; standard specifications технічні нормативи • стандартні технічні умови • технічні вимоги до серійної продукції; tariff specification тарифна специфікація; technical specifications технічні умови; tentative specifications тимчасові технічні умови; type specification інструкція шрифтового оформлення; weight specification вагова специфікація; work specification технічне завдання на виконання роботи • інструкція═════════□═════════specification of cargo специфікація вантажу; specification of goods товарна специфікація; specification of an invention опис винаходу; specifications of an order специфікація замовлення; specification of products товарна специфікація; specification of quantity кількісні характеристики; specification of weight специфікація ваги; specification on machinery специфікація на машинне обладнання; specification on primary goods специфікація на сировинні товари; to alter the specification вносити/внести зміну в специфікацію; to check the specification перевіряти/перевірити специфікацію; to follow the specification додержуватися/додержатися умов специфікації • дотримуватися/дотриматися умов специфікації; to meet the specification відповідати вимогам специфікації; to stick to the specification дотримуватися/дотриматися умов специфікації; to work to the specification дотримуватися/дотриматися умов специфікації; to write the specification визначати/визначити умови специфікації • описувати/описати умови специфікації -
91 specification
n1) спецификация; перечень2) часто pl технические условия4) определение, описание
- complete specification
- contract specifications
- current specifications
- customer specifications
- delivery specifications
- design specification
- detailed specification
- engineering specifications
- equipment specification
- export specification
- final specification
- forwarding specification
- inquiry specification
- inspection specification
- invoice specification
- job specification
- material specification
- original specification
- packing specification
- patent specification
- performance specification
- precise specification
- price specification
- prior specification
- process specifications
- process control specifications
- product specification
- production specifications
- project specification
- provisional specification
- provisional technical specification
- purchasing specifications
- quality specifications
- route specification
- safety specifications
- shipping specification
- spare parts specification
- standard specifications
- tariff specification
- technical specification
- tentative specifications
- weight specification
- work specification
- specification of cargo
- specification of goods
- specification of an invention
- specifications of an order
- specification of products
- specification of the range of goods
- specification of weight
- specification of a workpiece
- specification on machinery
- specification on primary goods
- alter a specification
- answer to the specificationEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > specification
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92 Gutenberg, Johann Gensfleisch zum
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]b. c. 1394–9 Mainz, Germanyd. 3 February 1468 Mainz, Germany[br]German inventor of printing with movable type.[br]Few biographical details are known of Johann Gensfleisch zum Gutenberg, yet it has been said that he was responsible for Germany's most notable contribution to civilization. He was a goldsmith by trade, of a patrician family of the city of Mainz. He seems to have begun experiments on printing while a political exile in Strasbourg c. 1440. He returned to Mainz between 1444 and 1448 and continued his experiments, until by 1450 he had perfected his invention sufficiently to justify raising capital for its commercial exploitation.Circumstances were propitious for the invention of printing at that time. Rises in literacy and prosperity had led to the formation of a social class with the time and resources to develop a taste for reading, and the demand for reading matter had outstripped the ability of the scribes to satisfy it. The various technologies required were well established, and finally the flourishing textile industry was producing enough waste material, rag, to make paper, the only satisfactory and cheap medium for printing. There were others working along similar lines, but it was Gutenberg who achieved the successful adaptation and combination of technologies to arrive at a process by which many identical copies of a text could be produced in a wide variety of forms, of which the book was the most important. Gutenberg did make several technical innovations, however. The two-piece adjustable mould for casting types of varying width, from T to "M", was ingenious. Then he had to devise an oil-based ink suitable for inking metal type, derived from the painting materials developed by contemporary Flemish artists. Finally, probably after many experiments, he arrived at a metal alloy of distinctive composition suitable for casting type.In 1450 Gutenberg borrowed 800 guldens from Johannes Fust, a lawyer of Mainz, and two years later Fust advanced a further 800 guldens, securing for himself a partnership in Gutenberg's business. But in 1455 Fust foreclosed and the bulk of Gutenberg's equipment passed to Peter Schöffer, who was in the service of Fust and later married his daughter. Like most early printers, Gutenberg seems not to have appreciated, or at any rate to have been able to provide for, the great dilemma of the publishing trade, namely the outlay of considerable capital in advance of each publication and the slowness of the return. Gutenberg probably retained only the type for the 42- and 36-line bibles and possibly the Catholicon of 1460, an encyclopedic work compiled in the thirteenth century and whose production pointed the way to printing's role as a means of spreading knowledge. The work concluded with a short descriptive piece, or colophon, which is probably by Gutenberg himself and is the only output of his mind that we have; it manages to omit the names of both author and printer.Gutenberg seems to have abandoned printing after 1460, perhaps due to failing eyesight as well as for financial reasons, and he suffered further loss in the sack of Mainz in 1462. He received a kind of pension from the Archbishop in 1465, and on his death was buried in the Franciscan church in Mainz. The only major work to have issued for certain from Gutenberg's workshop is the great 42-line bible, begun in 1452 and completed by August 1456. The quality of this Graaf piece of printing is a tribute to Gutenberg's ability as a printer, and the soundness of his invention is borne out by the survival of the process as he left it to the world, unchanged for over three hundred years save in minor details.[br]Further ReadingA.Ruppel, 1967, Johannes Gutenberg: sein Leben und sein Werk, 3rd edn, Nieuwkoop: B.de Graaf (the standard biography), A.M.L.de Lamartine, 1960, Gutenberg, inventeur de l'imprimerie, Tallone.Scholderer, 1963, Gutenberg, Inventor of Printing, London: British Museum.S.H.Steinberg, 1974, Five Hundred Years of Printing 3rd edn, London: Penguin (provides briefer details).LRDBiographical history of technology > Gutenberg, Johann Gensfleisch zum
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93 interface
1) поверхность раздела; граница раздела; межфазная граница2) сопряжение; согласование; стык || сопрягать; согласовывать; состыковывать4) граница между двумя материалами (напр. в составной балке)5) вчт., рбт интерфейс, устройство сопряжения, связь стык•-
A/D interface
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air-to-glass interface
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air-glass interface
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analog interface
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asynchronous interface
-
audio interface
-
back-end interface
-
balanced interface
-
baseband interface
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bit-parallel interface
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bit-serial interface
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bus interface
-
cathode interface
-
closely coupled interface
-
coherent interphase interface
-
command interface
-
common bus interface
-
connector interface
-
control interface
-
current loop interface
-
digital interface
-
digital noninterpolated interface
-
dimeric interface
-
direct-memory-access interface
-
disconnectable interface
-
docking interface
-
engineered interface
-
external interface
-
fiber-matrix interface
-
freezing interface
-
front-end interface
-
full-scale intelligent interface
-
gas-liquid interface
-
gas-solid interface
-
general-purpose interface
-
graphic interface
-
grinding interface
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gripper-workpiece interface
-
growing interface
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hardware interface
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heat-exchange interface
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high-speed interface
-
hybrid interface
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icon interface
-
imbalanced interface
-
input/output interface
-
intelligent interface
-
intelligent peripheral interface
-
internetwork interface
-
language interface
-
layer interface
-
liquid-liquid interface
-
liquid interface
-
liquid-vapor interface
-
locating receiver interface
-
loosely coupled interface
-
machine magnetics interface
-
man-machine interface
-
master-slave interface
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material handling interface
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material handling/robot interface
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matrix-precipitate interface
-
menu-driven interface
-
metal-to-ceramic interface
-
multiple-access interface
-
oil-water interface
-
operating interface
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peripheral interface
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phase interface
-
p-n interface
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process interface
-
production/stores interface
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programmable peripheral interface
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programmer interface
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rim-core interface
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robot interface
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robot structure interface
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seed-melt interface
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slag-metal interface
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sliding interface
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small-scale intelligent interface
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smooth interface
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solar cell-air interface
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solid-liquid interface
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solid-melt interface
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standardized interface
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subscriber-line interface
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system interface
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tool interface
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transformerless interface
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transparent interface
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trueing interface
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truing interface
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twin interface
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unbalanced interface
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user interface
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user-friendly interface
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video interface
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vision interface
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voice-transmitter data interface -
94 robot
робот; робототехническое устройство-
adaptive robot
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advanced robot
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air-driven robot
- all electric drive robot -
anthropomorphous robot
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arm-on-the-post type robot
-
articulated-arm robot
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articulated robot
-
artificial intelligence robot
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assembly robot
-
auxiliary robot
-
biotechnical robot
-
biped robot
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blind robot
-
built-in robot
-
cartesian coordinate robot
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commercial robot
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complex robot
-
computerized robot
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continuous-path robot
-
contouring robot
-
cylindrical coordinate robot
-
cylindric coordinate robot
-
dedicated robot
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direct-drive robot
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dispensing robot
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distribution robot
-
domestic robot
-
electric robot
-
exploration robot
-
eye-in-hand robot
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finishing robot
-
first-generation robot
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fixed robot
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fixed-sequence robot
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fixed-stop robot
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flexible robot
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floor-mounted robot
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forging robot
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free-range robot
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free-standing robot
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gantry-mounted robot
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gantry robot
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gantry-type robot
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generation 1 robot
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generation 1,5 robot
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generation 2 robot
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generation 3 robot
-
high-technology robot
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home robot
-
immobile robot
-
independently operated robot
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industrial robot
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information robot
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in-house robot
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insensate robot
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inspection robot
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integrated robot
-
intelligent robot
-
interactive robot
-
inverted robot
-
jointed-arm robot
-
limited-function robot
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limited-sequence robot
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loader/unloader robot
-
locomotion robot
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logical robot
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low-technology robot
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machine load/unload robot
-
machine-mounted robot
-
machining robot
-
magazine robot
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manipulation robot
-
manipulator arm-attached robot
-
master robot
-
master-slave robot
-
material-handling robot
-
material-processing robot
-
measuring robot
-
medium-technology robot
-
micro robot
-
microprocessor-based robot
-
mining robot
-
mobile robot
-
modular robot
-
moon robot
-
multiarm robot
-
multiaxis robot
-
multifunctional robot
-
multilegged robot
-
multipurpose robot
-
numerically controlled robot
-
observing robot
-
office robot
-
open-loop robot
-
overhead robot
-
packaging robot
-
painting robot
-
pallet changing robot
-
palletizing robot
-
pedestal-mounted robot
-
pick-and-place robot
-
playback robot
-
pneumatically powered robot
-
pogo-stick robot
-
point-to-point robot
-
polar coordinate robot
-
polishing robot
-
press robot
-
processing robot
-
process robot
-
production-line robot
-
programmable robot
-
programmed on-line robot
-
prosthetic robot
-
prototype robot
-
rectangular coordinate robot
-
redundant robot
-
rehabilitation robot
-
remote-controlled robot
-
reprogrammable robot
-
retail robot
-
revolute coordinate robot
-
rigid robot
-
robot of revolute configuration
-
rotary robot
-
roving robot
-
second-generation robot
-
selecting robot
-
self-learning robot
-
self-mobile robot
-
self-repairing robot
-
self-reproduction robot
-
senseless robot
-
sensor-based robot
-
sensory interactive robot
-
sequence robot
-
servo robot
-
single-purpose robot
-
smart robot
-
softwired robot
-
space robot
-
spare robot
-
special robot
-
spherical coordinate robot
-
spheric coordinate robot
-
spot-welding robot
-
spray-finishing robot
-
stacker crane robot
-
stand-alone robot
-
stationary robot
-
super-intelligent robot
-
supervisor robot
-
task robot
-
teachable robot
-
technological robot
-
term robot
-
third-generation robot
-
tool changer robot
-
transport robot
-
two-handed robot
-
undersea robot
-
universal robot
-
unmanned robot
-
variable-sequence robot
-
vehicle robot
-
vision-controlled robot
-
voice-activated robot
-
walking robot
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wall-mounted robot
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welding robot
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wheeled robot
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work-performing robot -
95 MPR
1) Медицина: Mutual Recognition Procedure2) Американизм: Mass Property Report, More Partisan Rhetoric3) Военный термин: master personnel record, material purchase requisition, military pay record, military personnel record, mobilization production requirements, monthly progress report4) Техника: malfunction problem report, mask-making positive resist, mass of propellant for return trip, mechanical pressure regulator5) Математика: наиболее мощный ранговый (критерий)6) Юридический термин: Superior Court Mental Proceedings Rules (court rules)7) Бухгалтерия: Minimum Price Required8) Телекоммуникации: Multiprotocol Router (NetWare), Multiple Provider Router (Windows 95)9) Сокращение: Major Project Report, Manpack Radio, Mars Pressurized Rover, Medium Power Radar, Military Power Reserve, Multi-band Pulsed Radar, monopulse radar10) Вычислительная техника: MultiProtocol Router, NetWare, Multiple Provider Router, Multivendor Protocol Router, Mars Pressurized Rover (Space), MultiProtocol routing, регистр состояния машины11) Нефть: maximum permissive rate, maximum production rate, motor protection relay, отчёт о последствиях нарушения работоспособности (malfunction problem report)12) Энергетика: модульный регулятор мощности, modular power regulator13) Полицейский термин: missing person report15) Деловая лексика: MARKETING and PUBLIC RELATIONS16) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: MinPrirody, rf ministry of natural resources17) Производство: (monthly performance review) обзор деятельности предприятия за месяц18) Сетевые технологии: Multi Provider Router, Multiprotocol Router, многопротокольный маршрутизатор19) Полимеры: Materials and Process Requirements20) Сахалин Р: MinPrirody (RF Ministry of Natural Resources)21) Океанография: Monthly Program Review22) Медицинская техника: multiplanar reconstruction (многоплоскостная реконструкция, многоплоскостная реформация)23) Расширение файла: Multipart Repeater, Generated executable menu file (FoxPro), Multi Protocol Router (Novell)24) Электротехника: main processor25) Общественная организация: Michigan Pug Rescue26) Чат: Marketing Personal Relations27) NYSE. Met Pro Corporation28) Аэропорты: McPherson, Kansas USA -
96 PMC
1) Авиация: УК (Управляющий коммитет)2) Медицина: псевдомембранный колит (Pseudomembranous Colitis), pseudomembranous colitis3) Американизм: Program Management Course at DSMC4) Спорт: Pan- Massachusetts Challenge5) Военный термин: Pennsylvania Military College, Poorly Manufactured Cartridges, President of the Mess Committee, Private Military Contractor, Procurement, Marine Corps, Prohibited Medical Condition, partial mission capable, performance management computer, personnel management center, post-maintenance check, preventive maintenance contract, procurement method coding, project management committee6) Техника: Pensky-Martens cup, Program Management Control, payload monitoring and control, phenyl-mercuric chloride, preventive maintenance cost, programmable machine controller, project management corporation, protective measures coordinator, Трансмиттер/датчик давления Cerabar с длительной (выходной) мощностью (Cerabar pressure transmitter with continuous output (из инструкции к трансмиттеру Cerabar))7) Шутливое выражение: Parrot Magic Cookie8) Химия: Percent Modern Carbon9) Грубое выражение: Poorly Made Crap10) Оптика: programmable motion controller11) Сокращение: Partially Mission-Capable, Permanently Manned Capability, Personnel Management Centre (UK), Postage and Mailing Center (field beta test as of 1992 NPF), Programme Manager's Course, Pensky Martens (Closed) Cup Закрытая чаша Пенски-Мартенс (метод определения точки вспышки горючих материалов), private military company12) Университет: Pacific Microelectronics Centre, Philadelphia Military College, Pine Manor College13) Физика: coal PMC, coal paramagnetic center, paramagnetic center, ПМЦ, парамагнитный центр, процентное содержание ( в образце) современного (1850 г. и позже) углерода14) Физиология: Pre Menstrual Cycle15) Фото: Princeton Microfilm Corporation16) Электроника: Process Module Controller17) Вычислительная техника: Pseudo-Machine Code, Permanently Manned Capability (Space)18) Пищевая промышленность: Parrot Meaty Chunk19) Фирменный знак: Professional Monitor Company, Professional Monitor Corporation, Project Management Consultancy20) СМИ: Palestine Media Center21) Деловая лексика: Production And Material Control, Production Machining Center22) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Project Management Contract23) Полимеры: premix molding compound24) Автоматика: precision machining commercialization25) Сахалин Р: Project Management Contractor26) Океанография: Pacific Marine Center27) Авиационная медицина: private medical communication28) Безопасность: Pci Mezzanine Card29) Расширение файла: A4TECH Scanner Graphics, Performance Monitor Data30) Нефть и газ: project management consultant, project managing contractor31) МИД: Post-Ministerial Conference32) Фармация: postmarketing commitment33) Уголь: ПМЦ в угле, парамагнитный центр в угле34) Общественная организация: Pigeon Mountain Chapter35) Чат: Pick My Cotton36) Аэропорты: Puerto Montt, Chile37) Хобби: Precious Metal Clay38) AMEX. PMC Capital, Inc. -
97 control
1. n1) управление, руководство2) контроль, проверка; контролирование; надзор3) управление; регулирование; регулировка
- accounting control
- administrative control
- air traffic control
- arms control
- automatic control
- biological control
- birth control
- border control
- budgetary control
- central control
- check-in control
- complete control
- computer control
- constant control
- consumer credit control
- contamination control
- continuous control
- cost control
- credit control
- crop pest control
- currency control
- current control
- customs control
- cycle control
- day-to-day control
- depletion control
- direct control
- economic control
- effective control
- environmental control
- exchange control
- export control
- feedback control
- financial control
- fiscal control
- follow-up control
- foreign control
- foreign exchange control
- functional control
- government control
- humidity control
- import control
- inadequate control
- individual control
- inflation control
- information control
- insurance control
- internal control
- international control of liquidity
- internal administrative control
- interoperational control
- inventory control
- labour control
- lax control
- machine control
- managerial control
- mandatory control
- manual control
- manufacturing control
- market control
- marketing control
- material control
- material quality control
- maximum-minimum inventory control
- monetary control
- monetary base control
- monopoly control
- nongovernmental control
- numerical control
- on-site control
- operating control
- operational control
- order control
- ordering and stock control
- order intake control
- output control
- outside control
- overall control
- partial control
- passport control
- percentage control
- periodic control
- pest control
- pollution control
- population control
- price control
- process control
- product control
- production control
- product quality control
- product status control
- profitability control
- programme control
- progress control
- property control
- public control
- quality control
- quantity control
- regular control
- remote control
- rent control
- routine control
- running control
- selection control
- selective control
- selective credit control
- selective price control
- sequential control
- shipping control
- shop floor control
- shortage control
- social control
- special control
- spending control
- standard control
- standard cost control
- state control
- statistical control
- statutory control
- stock control
- stores control
- strict control
- stringent control
- supervisory control
- supplier control
- technical control
- tight control
- traffic control
- uniform control
- unit stock control
- vehicle exhaust control
- wage control
- wage-price control
- work control
- workers' control
- working control
- control of goods received
- control of investment
- control of materials and supplies inventories
- control over export and import
- control over prices
- under the control of
- assume control
- bring under control
- carry out control
- drop control
- effect control
- ensure effective control
- establish control
- exercise control
- exert control
- gain control of a company
- get beyond control
- get out of control
- have control
- impose control
- keep under control
- lift control
- lose control
- maintain control
- perform control
- place under control
- put under control
- relinquish control
- set up control
- strengthen control
- take out of control
- take under control2. v1) управлять, руководить2) контролировать, проверять3) регулировать, контролироватьEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > control
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98 distribution resource planning
Opsa computerized system that integrates distribution with manufacturing by identifying requirements for finished goods and producing schedules for inventory and its movement within the distribution process. Distribution resource planning systems receive data on sales forecasts, customer order and delivery requirements, available inventory, logistics, and manufacturing and purchasing lead times. This data is analyzed to produce a time-phased schedule of resource requirements that is matched against existing supply sources and production schedules to identify the actions that must be taken to synchronize supply and demand. The effective integration of material requirements planning and distribution resource planning systems leads to the more effective and timely delivery of finished goods to the customer, and to reduced inventory levels and lower material costs.Abbr. DRPThe ultimate business dictionary > distribution resource planning
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99 Carothers, Wallace Hume
[br]b. 27 April 1896 Burlington, Iowa, USAd. 29 April 1937 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA[br]American chemist, inventor of nylon.[br]After graduating in chemistry, Carothers embarked on academic research at several universities, finally at Harvard University. His earliest published papers, from 1923, heralded the brilliance and originality of his later work. In 1928, Du Pont de Nemours persuaded him to forsake the academic world to lead their new organic-chemistry group in a programme of fundamental research at their central laboratories at Wilmington, Delaware. The next nine years were extraordinarily productive, yielding important contributions to theoretical organic chemistry and the foundation of two branches of chemical industry, namely the production of synthetic rubber and of wholly synthetic fibres.Carothers began work on high molecular weight substances yielding fibres and introduced polymerization by condensation: polymerization by addition was already known. He developed a clear understanding of the relation between the repeating structural units in a large molecule and its physical chemical properties. In 1931, Carothers found that chloroprene could be polymerized much faster than isoprene, the monomer in natural rubber. This process yielded polychloroprene or neoprene, a synthetic rubber with improved properties. Manufacture began the following year, and the material has continued to be used for speciality rubbers.There followed many publications announcing new condensations polymers. On 2 January 1935, he obtained a patent for the formation of new polyamides, including one from adipic acid and hexamethylenediamene. After four years of development work, which cost Du Pont some $27 million, this new polyamide, or nylon, reached the stage of commercial production, beginning on 23 October 1938. Nylon stockings appeared the following year and 64 million were sold during the first twelve months. However, Carothers saw none of this spectacular success: he had died by his own hand in 1937, after a long history of gradually intensifying depression.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsElected to the National Academy of Science 1936 (he was the first industrial organic chemist to be so honoured).BibliographyH.M.Whitby and G.S.Whitby, 1940, Collected Papers of Wallace H.Carothers on Polymerisation, New York.Further ReadingR.Adams, 1939, memoir, Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences 20:293–309 (includes a complete list of Carothers's sixty-two scientific papers and most of his sixty-nine US patents).LRDBiographical history of technology > Carothers, Wallace Hume
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100 Halske, Johann Georg
[br]b. 30 July 1814 Hamburg, Germanyd. 18 March 1890 Berlin, Germany[br]German engineer who introduced precision methods into the manufacture of electrical equipment; co-founder of Siemens \& Halske.[br]Halske moved to Berlin when he was a young man, and in 1844 was working for the university, at first independently and then jointly with F. Bötticher, developing and building electric medical appliances. In 1845 he met Werner von Siemens and together they became founder members of the Berlin Physics Society. It was in Halske's workshop that Siemens, assisted by the skill of the former, was able to work out his inventions in telegraphy. In 1847 the two men entered into partnership to manufacture telegraph equipment, laying the foundations of the successful firm of Siemens \& Halske. At the outset, before Werner von Siemens gave up his army career, Halske acted as the sole manager of the firm and was also involved in testing the products. Inventions they developed included electric measuring instruments and railway signalling equipment, and they installed many telegraph lines, notably those for the Russian Government. When gutta-percha became available on the market, the two men soon developed an extrusion process for applying this new material to copper conductors. To the disappointment of Halske, who was opposed to mass production, the firm introduced series production and piece wages in 1857. The expansion of the business, particularly into submarine cable laying, caused some anxiety to Halske, who left the firm on amicable terms in 1867. He then worked for a few years developing the Arts and Crafts Museum in Berlin and became a town councillor.[br]Further ReadingS. von Weihr and H.Götzeler, 1983, The Siemens Company. Its Historical Role in the Progress of Electrical Engineering 1847–1983, Berlin (provides a full account).Neue Deutsche Biographie, 1966, Vol. 7, Berlin, pp. 572–3.S.von Weiher, 1972–3, "The Siemens brothers, pioneers of the electrical age in Europe", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 45:1–11.GW
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