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material+engineer

  • 1 material

    أَسَاسِيّ \ basic: very necessary or important; forming a starting point on which to develop: I have only a basic knowledge of science. Experience in foreign countries is basic for this kind of job. chief: most important; main: Our chief crop is corn. essential: belonging especially to sth. and showing its real nature: Kindness was an essential part of his character. indispensable: adj. very necessary; what one must have for a certain purpose: A sharp knife is indispensable for cutting meat. key: important, so that others depend on it: The ship’s engineer holds a key position. main: chief; most important: my main reasons; a main road. material: important; necessary: We must make a material change in our plans. radical: concerning the most important parts of anything; (of change) complete; (of people) in favour of complete political change: radical changes in the laws of a country; radical improvements; radical opinions. vital: very important; necessary to life: It was a vital decision. The heart is a vital organ. \ See Also هامّ جدًّا، رئيسي (رئيسيّ)، جوهري (جَوْهَرِيّ)، لا غنى عنه (لا غِنًى عنه)‏

    Arabic-English glossary > material

  • 2 материаловед

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > материаловед

  • 3 материаловед

    1. material engineer

     

    материаловед
    —
    [А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

    Тематики

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > материаловед

  • 4 инженер-материаловед

    1. ME
    2. material engineer

     

    инженер-материаловед
    —
    [А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

    Тематики

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > инженер-материаловед

  • 5 материаловед

    1) Engineering: material engineer
    2) Quality control: materials specialist

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > материаловед

  • 6 матеріалознавець

    ч

    Українсько-англійський словник > матеріалознавець

  • 7 empleado

    adj.
    employed.
    f. & m.
    employee, salaried employee, jobholder, member of staff of firm.
    past part.
    past participle of spanish verb: emplear.
    * * *
    ► nombre masculino,nombre femenino
    1 employee, clerk
    \
    empleado,-a de hogar servant
    * * *
    1. (f. - empleada)
    noun
    employee, employee
    2. (f. - empleada)
    adj.
    * * *
    empleado, -a
    SM / F [gen] employee; (=oficinista) clerk, office worker

    empleada del hogar — servant, maid

    empleado/a bancario/a, empleado/a de banco — bank clerk

    empleado/a de correos — post-office worker

    empleado/a de cuello y corbata — Cono Sur white-collar worker

    empleado/a de finca urbana — porter, concierge

    empleado/a de pompas fúnebres — undertaker's assistant, mortician's assistant (EEUU)

    empleado/a de ventanilla — booking office clerk, counter clerk

    empleado/a público/a — civil servant

    * * *
    - da masculino, femenino
    a) ( trabajador) employee
    b) ( en oficina) office o clerical worker; ( en banco) bank clerk, teller; ( en tienda) (AmL) clerk (AmE), shop assistant (BrE)
    * * *
    = employee, clerk, staffer, worker, staff member, member of the staff, attendant.
    Ex. LIBR (short for library) is used in English-speaking faculty members or employees who wish to access the library from their own terminals.
    Ex. The cataloguer is expected to find to correct form and write it on a worksheet, so that it can be entered by the clerk doing the keypunching.
    Ex. The increasing involvement of staffers in electronic information products has had only a modest impact on how journalists do their jobs.
    Ex. At our library in Minnesota we have clearly identified material that deals with mudpies, leprechauns, senior power, red power, the Chinese New Year, prisoners' rights, and workers' control.
    Ex. This allows the faculty or staff member to identify his primary library for searching purposes.
    Ex. There were at the time about 90 patients and 80 members of the staff with their families in the building.
    Ex. Other libraries allow bags to be brought in but an attendant is employed to check the contents as the reader leaves the library.
    ----
    * basado en el empleado = employee-centered.
    * despedir a un empleado = dismiss + employee.
    * empleado de correos = post office clerk.
    * empleado de funeraria = mortician.
    * empleado de la compañía suministradora de agua = water board engineer, water board engineer.
    * empleado del estado = state employee.
    * empleado del gobierno = government employee.
    * empleado de librería = bookstore clerk.
    * empleado de línea aérea = airline official.
    * empleado en = in evidence in, in evidence in.
    * empleado que no tiene una tarea asignada fija = floater.
    * empleados = personnel, staff.
    * pluriempleado = multiple job holder.
    * prestación al empleado = employee benefit.
    * * *
    - da masculino, femenino
    a) ( trabajador) employee
    b) ( en oficina) office o clerical worker; ( en banco) bank clerk, teller; ( en tienda) (AmL) clerk (AmE), shop assistant (BrE)
    * * *
    = employee, clerk, staffer, worker, staff member, member of the staff, attendant.

    Ex: LIBR (short for library) is used in English-speaking faculty members or employees who wish to access the library from their own terminals.

    Ex: The cataloguer is expected to find to correct form and write it on a worksheet, so that it can be entered by the clerk doing the keypunching.
    Ex: The increasing involvement of staffers in electronic information products has had only a modest impact on how journalists do their jobs.
    Ex: At our library in Minnesota we have clearly identified material that deals with mudpies, leprechauns, senior power, red power, the Chinese New Year, prisoners' rights, and workers' control.
    Ex: This allows the faculty or staff member to identify his primary library for searching purposes.
    Ex: There were at the time about 90 patients and 80 members of the staff with their families in the building.
    Ex: Other libraries allow bags to be brought in but an attendant is employed to check the contents as the reader leaves the library.
    * basado en el empleado = employee-centered.
    * despedir a un empleado = dismiss + employee.
    * empleado de correos = post office clerk.
    * empleado de funeraria = mortician.
    * empleado de la compañía suministradora de agua = water board engineer, water board engineer.
    * empleado del estado = state employee.
    * empleado del gobierno = government employee.
    * empleado de librería = bookstore clerk.
    * empleado de línea aérea = airline official.
    * empleado en = in evidence in, in evidence in.
    * empleado que no tiene una tarea asignada fija = floater.
    * empleados = personnel, staff.
    * pluriempleado = multiple job holder.
    * prestación al empleado = employee benefit.

    * * *
    masculine, feminine
    1 (trabajador) employee
    la empresa tiene una plantilla de 300 empleados the firm has a staff of 300 o has 300 employees, the firm employs 300 people
    los empleados de esta empresa this company's employees, the people who work for this company
    se ruega notificar a todos los empleados please notify all members of staff
    2 (en una oficina) office o clerical worker; (en un banco) bank clerk, teller; (en una tienda) clerk ( AmE), shop assistant ( BrE)
    Compuestos:
    ● empleado bancario, empleada bancaria
    masculine, feminine bank clerk
    ● empleado de hogar, empleada de hogar
    masculine, feminine ( Esp frml) domestic servant ( frml)
    ● empleado del Estado, empleada del Estado
    masculine, feminine civil servant
    ● empleado público, empleada pública
    masculine, feminine civil servant
    * * *

     

    Del verbo emplear: ( conjugate emplear)

    empleado es:

    el participio

    Multiple Entries:
    empleado    
    emplear
    empleado
    ◊ -da sustantivo masculino, femenino



    empleado público civil servant
    b) ( en oficina) office o clerical worker;

    ( en banco) bank clerk, teller;
    ( en tienda) (AmL) clerk (AmE), shop assistant (BrE)
    emplear ( conjugate emplear) verbo transitivo
    1
    a) [empresa/organización] to employ

    b) ( colocar) ‹hijo/sobrino› to fix … up with a job

    2 ( usar) ‹energía/imaginación/material› to use
    emplearse verbo pronominal (esp AmL) to get a job
    empleado,-a sustantivo masculino y femenino employee
    (administrativo, funcionario) clerk
    empleada de hogar, domestic servant
    ♦ Locuciones: estar bien empleado (reproche): te está bien empleado, it serves you right
    dar por bien empleado, to be worth it
    emplear verbo transitivo
    1 (utilizar) to use
    (esfuerzo, tiempo) to spend: empleó varias horas en terminar el dibujo, it took him a few hours to finish the picture
    2 (a un trabajador) to employ
    ' empleado' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    antigua
    - antiguo
    - botones
    - despachar
    - despedir
    - empleada
    - rebajar
    - trasladar
    - ascender
    - ascenso
    - burocrático
    - chico
    - contratar
    - desahuciar
    - fijo
    - función
    - funcionario
    - guardia
    - informe
    - postergar
    - probar
    - propina
    - rendir
    - sanción
    - sancionar
    - serio
    - suspender
    English:
    buy off
    - clerk
    - deserve
    - discharge
    - dismiss
    - dismissal
    - employee
    - forge
    - godsend
    - in-service
    - man
    - member
    - recruit
    - regular
    - reinstate
    - sign
    - sign on
    - staff
    - suspension
    - temporary
    - terminate
    - travel agent
    - unpaid
    - well-spent
    - white-collar
    - with
    - assistant
    - day
    - news
    - office
    - serve
    - shop
    - temp
    - trainee
    * * *
    empleado, -a adj
    ahí el subjuntivo está mal empleado the subjunctive is used incorrectly there;
    dar algo por bien empleado: dio por bien empleado el esfuerzo he thought it had been well worth the effort;
    si lo consigo, daré por bien empleado el tiempo if I manage to do it, I'll regard it as time well spent;
    Esp
    lo tiene o [m5] le está bien empleado he deserves it, it serves him right
    empleado, -a nm,f
    [asalariado] employee; [de banco, oficina] clerk;
    está de empleado en una tienda/fábrica de ropa he works in a clothes shop/clothing factory;
    consultaron la propuesta con los empleados they discussed the proposal with the staff;
    sólo empleados y personal autorizado [en letrero] staff and authorized personnel only
    empleado de banca bank clerk;
    empleado del estado civil servant;
    Méx empleado de planta permanent employee;
    empleado público public employee
    * * *
    I adj
    1
    :
    le está bien empleado it serves him right
    2
    :
    dar algo por bien empleado consider sth well worthwhile;
    doy el dinero/tiempo por bien empleado I consider it money/time well spent
    II m, empleada f employee;
    empleado a tiempo parcial part-time employee
    * * *
    empleado, -da n
    : employee
    * * *
    1. (en general) employee
    2. (de oficina) clerk

    Spanish-English dictionary > empleado

  • 8 Brunel, Sir Marc Isambard

    [br]
    b. 26 April 1769 Hacqueville, Normandy, France
    d. 12 December 1849 London, England
    [br]
    French (naturalized American) engineer of the first Thames Tunnel.
    [br]
    His mother died when he was 7 years old, a year later he went to college in Gisors and later to the Seminary of Sainte-Nicaise at Rouen. From 1786 to 1792 he followed a career in the French navy as a junior officer. In Rouen he met Sophie Kingdom, daughter of a British Navy contractor, whom he was later to marry. In July 1793 Marc sailed for America from Le Havre. He was to remain there for six years, and became an American citizen, occupying himself as a land surveyor and as an architect. He became Chief Engineer to the City of New York. At General Hamilton's dinner table he learned that the British Navy used over 100,000 ship's blocks every year; this started him thinking how the manufacture of blocks could be mechanized. He roughed out a set of machines to do the job, resigned his post as Chief Engineer and sailed for England in February 1799.
    In London he was shortly introduced to Henry Maudslay, to whom he showed the drawings of his proposed machines and with whom he placed an order for their manufacture. The first machines were completed by mid-1803. Altogether Maudslay produced twenty-one machines for preparing the shells, sixteen for preparing the sheaves and eight other machines.
    In February 1809 he saw troops at Portsmouth returning from Corunna, the victors, with their lacerated feet bound in rags. He resolved to mechanize the production of boots for the Army and, within a few months, had twenty-four disabled soldiers working the machinery he had invented and installed near his Battersea sawmill. The plant could produce 400 pairs of boots and shoes a day, selling at between 9s. 6d. and 20s. a pair. One day in 1817 at Chatham dockyard he observed a piece of scrap keel timber, showing the ravages wrought by the shipworm, Teredo navalis, which, with its proboscis protected by two jagged concave triangular shells, consumes, digests and finally excretes the ship's timbers as it gnaws its way through them. The excreted material provided material for lining the walls of the tunnel the worm had drilled. Brunel decided to imitate the action of the shipworm on a large scale: the Thames Tunnel was to occupy Marc Brunel for most of the remainder of his life. Boring started in March 1825 and was completed by March 1843. The project lay dormant for long periods, but eventually the 1,200 ft (366 m)-long tunnel was completed. Marc Isambard Brunel died at the age of 80 and was buried at Kensal Green cemetery.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    FRS 1814. Vice-President, Royal Society 1832.
    Further Reading
    P.Clements, 1970, Marc Isambard Brunel, London: Longmans Green.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Brunel, Sir Marc Isambard

  • 9 Greathead, James Henry

    [br]
    b. 6 August 1844 Grahamstown, Cape Colony (now South Africa)
    d. 21 October 1896 Streatham, London, England
    [br]
    British civil engineer, inventor of the Greathead tunnelling shield.
    [br]
    Greathead came to England in 1859 to complete his education. In 1864 he began a three-year pupillage with the civil engineer Peter W. Barlow, after which he was engaged as an assistant engineer on the extension of the Midland Railway from Bedford to London. In 1869 he was entrusted with the construction of the Tower Subway under the River Thames; this was carried out using a cylindrical wrought-iron shield which was forced forward by six large screws as material was excavated in front of it. This work was completed the same year. In 1870 he set himself up as a consulting engineer, and from 1873 he was Resident Engineer on the Hammersmith and Richmond extensions of the Metropolitan District Railway. He assisted in the preparation of several other railway projects including the Regent's Canal Railway in 1880, the Dagenham Dock and the Metropolitan Outer Circle Railways in 1881, a new line from London to Eastbourne and a number of Irish light railways. He worked on a bill for the City and South London Railway, which was built between 1886 and 1890; here compressed air was used to prevent the inrush of water, a method for tunnelling which was generally adopted from then on. He invented apparatus for the application of water to excavate in front of the shield as well as for injecting cement-grout behind the lining of the tunnel.
    He was joint engineer with Sir Douglas Fox for the construction of the Liverpool Overhead Railway, and held the same post with W.R.Galbraith on the Waterloo and City Railway; he was also associated with Sir John Fowler and Sir Benjamin Baker in the construction of the Central London Railway. He died, aged 52, before the completion of some of these projects.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    Obituary, 1896, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers.
    O.Green, 1987, The London Underground: An Illustrated History', London: Ian Allan (in association with the London Transport Museum).
    P.P.Holman, 1990, The Amazing Electric Tube: A History of the City and South London
    Railway, London: London Transport Museum.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Greathead, James Henry

  • 10 electrónico

    adj.
    electronic.
    * * *
    1 electronic
    * * *
    (f. - electrónica)
    adj.
    * * *
    ADJ [juego, sistema, música] electronic; [microscopio] electron antes de s

    proceso electrónico de datos — (Inform) electronic data processing

    * * *
    - ca adjetivo electronic
    * * *
    = electronic, machine-readable.
    Ex. Clearly, further investigations in this area are important for a future which heralds not only electronic secondary publications, but also electronic primary publications.
    Ex. 'Data base' is a term referring to machine-readable collections of information, whether numerical, representational or bibliographic.
    ----
    * administración electrónica = electronic government (e-government).
    * aparato electrónico = electronic device.
    * aparatos electrónicos = electronic(s) appliances.
    * autopista electrónica, la = electronic highway, the.
    * boletín electrónico = e-newsletter.
    * buzoneo electrónico = bulk e-mailing.
    * catálogo electrónico = electronic catalogue.
    * circuito electrónico = electronic circuit.
    * comercio electrónico = online business.
    * comunicación electrónica = electronic communication.
    * conservación de documentos electrónicos = electronic document preservation.
    * cuenta de correo electrónico = email account.
    * depósito de documentos electrónicos = repository.
    * dinero electrónico = electronic money.
    * dirección de correo electrónico = email address.
    * dispositivo de detección electrónica = electronic detection device.
    * dispositivo electrónico = electronic device.
    * distribuidor de revistas electrónicas = e-journal host.
    * documento electrónico = electronic document, electronic record.
    * economía electrónica = e-economy (electronic economy), e-conomy (electronic economy).
    * EDI (Intercambio Electrónico de Datos) = EDI (Electronic Data Interchange).
    * editor de material electrónico = electronic publisher [e-publisher].
    * enviar por correo electrónico = e-mail [email].
    * envío de correo electrónico en masa = bulk e-mailing.
    * envío de correos electrónicos = e-mailing.
    * envío de mensajes electrónicos en masa = bulk e-mailing.
    * era de la copia electrónica, la = electrocopying era, the.
    * firma electrónica = electronic signature.
    * gestión de documentos electrónicos = electronic document management.
    * gestión electrónica de documentos = electronic record keeping, electronic record management.
    * gestión y conservación de documentos electrónicos = electronic document preservation and management.
    * industria de la información electrónica = electronic information industry.
    * información electrónica = electronic information.
    * intervención electrónica = wiretapping [wire-tapping], wiretap [wire-tap].
    * libro electrónico = electronic book (e-book/ebook).
    * mandar por correo electrónico = e-mail [email].
    * mandar un correo electrónico = e-mail [email].
    * material electrónico = online material.
    * microscopio electrónico = electron microscope.
    * mundo electrónico, el = electronic world, the.
    * negocio electrónico = online business.
    * oficina electrónica = electronic office.
    * panel electrónico = electronic noticeboard.
    * pedido electrónico = electronic ordering.
    * préstamo electrónico = e-lending [electronic lending].
    * publicación electrónica = electronic publication [e-publication].
    * registro electrónico = electronic record.
    * revista electrónica = electronic journal (e-journal).
    * servicio de información electrónica = electronic information service.
    * servicio de referencia electrónica = electronic reference service [e-reference service].
    * texto electrónico = electronic text [e-text].
    * tienda eletrónica = online store.
    * traductor electrónico = electronic translator.
    * urna electrónica = voting machine.
    * zona con aparatos electrónicos = equipment area.
    * * *
    - ca adjetivo electronic
    * * *
    = electronic, machine-readable.

    Ex: Clearly, further investigations in this area are important for a future which heralds not only electronic secondary publications, but also electronic primary publications.

    Ex: 'Data base' is a term referring to machine-readable collections of information, whether numerical, representational or bibliographic.
    * administración electrónica = electronic government (e-government).
    * aparato electrónico = electronic device.
    * aparatos electrónicos = electronic(s) appliances.
    * autopista electrónica, la = electronic highway, the.
    * boletín electrónico = e-newsletter.
    * buzoneo electrónico = bulk e-mailing.
    * catálogo electrónico = electronic catalogue.
    * circuito electrónico = electronic circuit.
    * comercio electrónico = online business.
    * comunicación electrónica = electronic communication.
    * conservación de documentos electrónicos = electronic document preservation.
    * cuenta de correo electrónico = email account.
    * depósito de documentos electrónicos = repository.
    * dinero electrónico = electronic money.
    * dirección de correo electrónico = email address.
    * dispositivo de detección electrónica = electronic detection device.
    * dispositivo electrónico = electronic device.
    * distribuidor de revistas electrónicas = e-journal host.
    * documento electrónico = electronic document, electronic record.
    * economía electrónica = e-economy (electronic economy), e-conomy (electronic economy).
    * EDI (Intercambio Electrónico de Datos) = EDI (Electronic Data Interchange).
    * editor de material electrónico = electronic publisher [e-publisher].
    * enviar por correo electrónico = e-mail [email].
    * envío de correo electrónico en masa = bulk e-mailing.
    * envío de correos electrónicos = e-mailing.
    * envío de mensajes electrónicos en masa = bulk e-mailing.
    * era de la copia electrónica, la = electrocopying era, the.
    * firma electrónica = electronic signature.
    * gestión de documentos electrónicos = electronic document management.
    * gestión electrónica de documentos = electronic record keeping, electronic record management.
    * gestión y conservación de documentos electrónicos = electronic document preservation and management.
    * industria de la información electrónica = electronic information industry.
    * información electrónica = electronic information.
    * intervención electrónica = wiretapping [wire-tapping], wiretap [wire-tap].
    * libro electrónico = electronic book (e-book/ebook).
    * mandar por correo electrónico = e-mail [email].
    * mandar un correo electrónico = e-mail [email].
    * material electrónico = online material.
    * microscopio electrónico = electron microscope.
    * mundo electrónico, el = electronic world, the.
    * negocio electrónico = online business.
    * oficina electrónica = electronic office.
    * panel electrónico = electronic noticeboard.
    * pedido electrónico = electronic ordering.
    * préstamo electrónico = e-lending [electronic lending].
    * publicación electrónica = electronic publication [e-publication].
    * registro electrónico = electronic record.
    * revista electrónica = electronic journal (e-journal).
    * servicio de información electrónica = electronic information service.
    * servicio de referencia electrónica = electronic reference service [e-reference service].
    * texto electrónico = electronic text [e-text].
    * tienda eletrónica = online store.
    * traductor electrónico = electronic translator.
    * urna electrónica = voting machine.
    * zona con aparatos electrónicos = equipment area.

    * * *
    electronic
    * * *

    electrónico
    ◊ -ca adjetivo

    electronic
    electrónico,-a adjetivo electronic

    ' electrónico' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    correo
    - electrónica
    English:
    e-mail
    - electrical engineer
    - electronic
    - email
    - mail
    - e-commerce
    - electronics
    - E-mail
    - flash
    * * *
    electrónico, -a adj
    electronic;
    microscopio electrónico electron microscope
    * * *
    adj electronic
    * * *
    electrónico, -ca adj
    : electronic
    * * *
    electrónico adj electronic

    Spanish-English dictionary > electrónico

  • 11 tratamiento

    m.
    1 treatment.
    2 title, form of address.
    apear el tratamiento a alguien to address somebody more informally
    3 treatment (medicine).
    estoy en tratamiento I'm receiving treatment
    4 treatment (agua, sustancia, alimento).
    5 processing (computing).
    tratamiento de datos/textos data/word processing
    6 therapy, iatreusis.
    7 series of drugs that have to be taken, course.
    * * *
    1 (gen) treatment
    2 (de datos, materiales) processing
    3 (título) title, form of address
    \
    dar a alguien tratamiento de... to address somebody as
    un tratamiento a base de... MEDICINA a course of...
    tratamiento de datos data processing
    tratamiento de textos word processing
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) [de objeto, material, tema] treatment; [de problema] handling, treatment
    2) (Med) treatment
    3) (Inform) processing
    4) [de persona] treatment

    el tratamiento que recibí — the way I was treated, the treatment I received

    5) (=título) title, style ( of address)
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Med) treatment

    estoy en or bajo tratamiento médico — I am undergoing medical treatment

    b) (de material, sustancia) treatment
    c) ( de tema) treatment; ( de problema) handling
    3) ( título de cortesía) form of address

    le dieron el tratamiento de señoría — they addressed him as `your Lordship'

    * * *
    = approach [approaches, -pl.], processing, treatment, approximation, course of treatment, medication, manipulation.
    Ex. During the last twenty years the variety of approaches to the organisation of knowledge has proliferated with the introduction of computer-based methods.
    Ex. Often, the computer is used to aid in the processing of such indexes, and sometimes computer processing is responsible for the creation of multiple entries from one string of index terms.
    Ex. Not all classification schemes need to aim for this comprehensive treatment.
    Ex. If we try to group the concepts arising from the titles, we find that a first approximation gives us four groups.
    Ex. Moreover, the medical profession encompasses a spectrum of opinions as to the efficacy, value, and danger attendant upon various regimens and courses of treatment.
    Ex. Information obtained was used to check diagnoses, medications, or advice given to patients.
    Ex. Indexing may rely upon the facilities for the manipulation and ordering of data offered by the computer.
    ----
    * aplicar un tratamiento equivocado = mistreat.
    * aplicar un tratamiento erróneo = mistreat.
    * a prueba de un tratamiento duro = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA].
    * barniz para tratamiento de la madera = wood preservative.
    * dar un tratamiento = give + treatment.
    * igualdad de tratamiento = fairness.
    * planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales = sewage plant, sewage treatment plant.
    * resistente a un tratamiento duro = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA].
    * sistema de tratamiento de imágenes = image processing system.
    * tratamiento a base de hierbas = herbal treatment.
    * tratamiento alfabético = alphabetical approach.
    * tratamiento alfabético de materias = alphabetical subject approach.
    * tratamiento analítico = analytical approach.
    * tratamiento de aguas residuales = sewage treatment.
    * tratamiento de aguas residuales = sewage disposal.
    * tratamiento de aguas residuales = waste water treatment.
    * tratamiento de datos = transaction processing.
    * tratamiento de documentos = document processing, document handling.
    * tratamiento de fertilidad = fertility treatment.
    * tratamiento de imágenes = image processing.
    * Tratamiento de Imágenes de Documentos (DIP) = Document Image Processing (DIP).
    * tratamiento del agua = water treatment.
    * tratamiento de la información = data processing, information handling.
    * tratamiento dental = dental treatment.
    * tratamiento de textos = word processing.
    * tratamiento documental = document management.
    * tratamiento específico de la información = specific approach.
    * tratamiento hospitalario = hospital treatment.
    * tratamiento masivo = mass treatment.
    * tratamiento médico = doctoring, medical treatment.
    * tratamiento por condiciones = condition approach.
    * tratamiento por fases = phased approach.
    * tratamiento químico = chemical treatment.
    * tratamiento quirúrgico = surgical treatment.
    * tratamiento siquiátrico = psychiatric treatment.
    * tratamiento sistemático = classified approach.
    * tratamiento urgente = fast track.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Med) treatment

    estoy en or bajo tratamiento médico — I am undergoing medical treatment

    b) (de material, sustancia) treatment
    c) ( de tema) treatment; ( de problema) handling
    3) ( título de cortesía) form of address

    le dieron el tratamiento de señoría — they addressed him as `your Lordship'

    * * *
    = approach [approaches, -pl.], processing, treatment, approximation, course of treatment, medication, manipulation.

    Ex: During the last twenty years the variety of approaches to the organisation of knowledge has proliferated with the introduction of computer-based methods.

    Ex: Often, the computer is used to aid in the processing of such indexes, and sometimes computer processing is responsible for the creation of multiple entries from one string of index terms.
    Ex: Not all classification schemes need to aim for this comprehensive treatment.
    Ex: If we try to group the concepts arising from the titles, we find that a first approximation gives us four groups.
    Ex: Moreover, the medical profession encompasses a spectrum of opinions as to the efficacy, value, and danger attendant upon various regimens and courses of treatment.
    Ex: Information obtained was used to check diagnoses, medications, or advice given to patients.
    Ex: Indexing may rely upon the facilities for the manipulation and ordering of data offered by the computer.
    * aplicar un tratamiento equivocado = mistreat.
    * aplicar un tratamiento erróneo = mistreat.
    * a prueba de un tratamiento duro = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA].
    * barniz para tratamiento de la madera = wood preservative.
    * dar un tratamiento = give + treatment.
    * igualdad de tratamiento = fairness.
    * planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales = sewage plant, sewage treatment plant.
    * resistente a un tratamiento duro = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA].
    * sistema de tratamiento de imágenes = image processing system.
    * tratamiento a base de hierbas = herbal treatment.
    * tratamiento alfabético = alphabetical approach.
    * tratamiento alfabético de materias = alphabetical subject approach.
    * tratamiento analítico = analytical approach.
    * tratamiento de aguas residuales = sewage treatment.
    * tratamiento de aguas residuales = sewage disposal.
    * tratamiento de aguas residuales = waste water treatment.
    * tratamiento de datos = transaction processing.
    * tratamiento de documentos = document processing, document handling.
    * tratamiento de fertilidad = fertility treatment.
    * tratamiento de imágenes = image processing.
    * Tratamiento de Imágenes de Documentos (DIP) = Document Image Processing (DIP).
    * tratamiento del agua = water treatment.
    * tratamiento de la información = data processing, information handling.
    * tratamiento dental = dental treatment.
    * tratamiento de textos = word processing.
    * tratamiento documental = document management.
    * tratamiento específico de la información = specific approach.
    * tratamiento hospitalario = hospital treatment.
    * tratamiento masivo = mass treatment.
    * tratamiento médico = doctoring, medical treatment.
    * tratamiento por condiciones = condition approach.
    * tratamiento por fases = phased approach.
    * tratamiento químico = chemical treatment.
    * tratamiento quirúrgico = surgical treatment.
    * tratamiento siquiátrico = psychiatric treatment.
    * tratamiento sistemático = classified approach.
    * tratamiento urgente = fast track.

    * * *
    A
    1 ( Med) treatment
    estoy en or bajo tratamiento médico I am having o undergoing medical treatment, I'm under treatment
    tendrá que seguir un tratamiento muy largo she will have to undergo a prolonged course of treatment
    2 ( Quím, Tec) (de un material, una sustancia) treatment
    3 (de un tema) treatment
    su tratamiento de este problema es muy original her treatment of this problem is very original, the way she deals with this problem is very original
    le ha dado un tratamiento muy superficial al tema he has dealt very superficially with the subject, he has only just touched on the subject
    Compuestos:
    data processing
    data processing
    sewage treatment
    word processing
    hormone replacement therapy, HRT
    no me puedo quejar del tratamiento que recibí I can't complain about the treatment I received o about the way I was treated
    le dieron el tratamiento de señoría they addressed him as `your Lordship'
    apearle el tratamiento a algn to drop sb's title
    * * *

     

    tratamiento sustantivo masculino
    1


    no me quejo del tratamiento que recibí I can't complain about the treatment I received
    b) (Inf) (de información, datos) processing;


    2 ( título de cortesía) form of address
    tratamiento sustantivo masculino
    1 Med treatment
    2 (al dirigirse a una persona) form of address
    3 (de basuras, de un material) processing
    1 Inform processing
    tratamiento de textos, word processing
    ' tratamiento' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    antefirma
    - capilar
    - el
    - reanimar
    - responder
    - respuesta
    - reverencia
    - santidad
    - señor
    - señora
    - señorita
    - señorito
    - serenísima
    - serenísimo
    - someterse
    - texto
    - tratar
    - Alteza
    - cura
    - curación
    - doloroso
    - don
    - doña
    - excelencia
    - mejorar
    - naturista
    - seguir
    - sesión
    - suspender
    - unidad
    English:
    address
    - after-care
    - course
    - dear
    - dental surgery
    - experimental
    - foul
    - humane
    - lady
    - processing
    - processor
    - proper
    - section
    - shock treatment
    - title
    - treatment
    - waterworks
    - word processing
    - handling
    - honorable
    - Ms
    - under
    - word
    * * *
    1. [de paciente, enfermedad] treatment;
    estoy en tratamiento I'm receiving treatment
    tratamiento capilar hair restoration treatment;
    tratamiento de choque: [m5] le administraron un tratamiento de choque a base de vitaminas y hierro he was given massive doses of vitamins and iron;
    tratamiento combinado combined treatment;
    tratamiento del dolor pain relief;
    tratamiento de fertilidad fertility treatment
    2. [hacia persona] treatment;
    el humillante tratamiento dado a la institución por parte de las autoridades the humiliating treatment the institution received at the hands of the authorities
    3. [título] form of address;
    apear el tratamiento a alguien to address sb more informally
    4. [de tema] treatment;
    la película tiene un tratamiento más lírico del problema que la novela the problem is given a more lyrical treatment in the movie than in the novel
    5. [de material, producto] treatment
    tratamiento de residuos waste treatment o processing
    6. Informát processing
    tratamiento de datos data processing;
    tratamiento de imagen image processing;
    tratamiento de textos word processing
    TRATAMIENTO
    In Latin America a lot of importance is attached to forms of address, which is hardly surprising in societies with pronounced differences between social classes. In many countries higher education is a privilege still largely restricted to the wealthy few and much significance is attached to university degrees and the titles that go with them. Titles such as “licenciado” (graduate, much used in Mexico), “doctor” (used, for example, in Colombia and Uruguay) and “ingeniero” (engineer) are used to address people felt to have social standing, sometimes even when they don't actually possess the degree in question. Such titles are also commonly used on business cards and in addresses.
    * * *
    m treatment
    * * *
    : treatment
    * * *
    tratamiento n treatment

    Spanish-English dictionary > tratamiento

  • 12 Brindley, James

    SUBJECT AREA: Canals
    [br]
    b. 1716 Tunstead, Derbyshire, England
    d. 27 September 1772 Turnhurst, Staffordshire, England
    [br]
    English canal engineer.
    [br]
    Born in a remote area and with no material advantages, Brindley followed casual rural labouring occupations until 1733, when he became apprenticed to Abraham Bennett of Macclesfield, a wheelwright and millwright. Though lacking basic education in reading and writing, he demonstrated his ability, partly through his photographic memory, to solve practical problems. This established his reputation, and after Bennett's death in 1742 he set up his own business at Leek as a millwright. His skill led to an invitation to solve the problem of mine drainage at Wet Earth Colliery, Clifton, near Manchester. He tunnelled 600 ft (183 m) through rock to provide a leat for driving a water-powered pump.
    Following work done on a pump on Earl Gower's estate at Trentham, Brindley's name was suggested as the engineer for the proposed canal for which the Duke of Bridge water (Francis Egerton) had obtained an Act in 1759. The Earl and the Duke were brothers-in-law, and the agents for the two estates were, in turn, the Gilbert brothers. The canal, later known as the Bridgewater Canal, was to be constructed to carry coal from the Duke's mines at Worsley into Manchester. Brindley advised on the details of its construction and recommended that it be carried across the river Irwell at Barton by means of an aqueduct. His proposals were accepted, and under his supervision the canal was constructed on a single level and opened in 1761. Brindley had also surveyed for Earl Gower a canal from the Potteries to Liverpool to carry pottery for export, and the signal success of the Bridgewater Canal ensured that the Trent and Mersey Canal would also be built. These undertakings were the start of Brindley's career as a canal engineer, and it was largely from his concepts that the canal system of the Midlands developed, following the natural contours rather than making cuttings and constructing large embankments. His canals are thus winding navigations unlike the later straight waterways, which were much easier to traverse. He also adopted the 7 ft (2.13 m) wide lock as a ruling dimension for all engineering features. For cheapness, he formed his canal tunnels without a towpath, which led to the notorious practice of legging the boats through the tunnels.
    Brindley surveyed a large number of projects and such was his reputation that virtually every proposal was submitted to him for his opinion. Included among these projects were the Staffordshire and Worcestershire, the Rochdale, the Birmingham network, the Droitwich, the Coventry and the Oxford canals. Although he was nominally in charge of each contract, much of the work was carried out by his assistants while he rushed from one undertaking to another to ensure that his orders were being carried out. He was nearly 50 when he married Anne Henshall, whose brother was also a canal engineer. His fees and salaries had made him very wealthy. He died in 1772 from a chill sustained when carrying out a survey of the Caldon Canal.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    A.G.Banks and R.B.Schofield, 1968, Brindley at Wet Earth Colliery: An Engineering Study, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.
    S.E.Buckley, 1948, James Brindley, London: Harrap.
    JHB

    Biographical history of technology > Brindley, James

  • 13 Izod, Edwin Gilbert

    SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy
    [br]
    b. 17 July 1876 Portsmouth, England
    d. 2 October 1946 England
    [br]
    English engineer who devised the notched-bar impact test named after him.
    [br]
    After a general education at Vickery's School at Southsea, Izod (who pronounced his name Izzod, not Izod) started his career as a premium apprentice at the works of Maudslay, Sons and Field at Lambeth in January 1893. When in 1995 he was engaged in the installation of machinery in HMS Renown at Pembroke, he gained some notoriety for his temerity in ordering Rear Admiral J.A.Fisher, who had no pass, out of the main engine room. He subsequently worked at Portsmouth Dockyard where the battleships Caesar and Gladiator were being engined by Maudslay's. From 1898 to 1900 Izod worked as a Demonstrator in the laboratories of University College London, and he was then engaged by Captain H. Riall Sankey as his Personal Assistant at the Rugby works of Willans and Robinson. Soon after going to Rugby, Izod was asked by Sankey to examine a failed gun barrel and try to ascertain why it burst in testing. Conventional mechanical testing did not reveal any significant differences in the properties of good and bad material. Izod found, however, that, when specimens from the burst barrel were notched, gripped in a vice, and then struck with a hammer they broke in a brittle manner, whereas sounder material merely bent plastically. From these findings his well-known notched-bar impact test emerged. His address to the British Association in September 1903 described the test and his testing machine, and was subsequently published in Engineering. Izod never claimed any priority for this method of test, and generously acknowledged his predecessors in this field, Swedenborg, Fremont, Arnold and Bent Russell. The Izod Test was rapidly adopted by the English-speaking world, although Izod himself, being a busy man, did little to publicize his work, which was introduced to the engineering world largely through the efforts of Captain Sankey. Izod became Assistant Managing Director at Willans, and in 1910 was appointed Chief Consulting Mechanical and Electrical Engineer to the Central Mining Corporation at Johannesburg. He became Managing Director of the Rand Mines in 1918, and returned to the UK in 1927 to become the Managing Director of Weymann Motor Bodies Ltd of Addlestone. As Chairman of this company he extended its activitiesconsiderably.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    MBE. Member of the Iron and Steel Institute.
    Further Reading
    1903, "Testing brittleness of steel", Engineering (25 September): 431–2.
    ASD

    Biographical history of technology > Izod, Edwin Gilbert

  • 14 по

    автомат загрузки по скоростному напору
    Q-feel system
    автомат имитации усилий по числу М
    Mach-feel system
    автоматическое сопровождение по дальности
    automatic range tracking
    автоматическое флюгирование по отрицательной тяге
    drag-actuated autofeathering
    автоматическое флюгирование по предельным оборотам
    overspeed-actuated autofeathering
    автомат стабилизации автопилота по числу М
    autopilot Mach lock
    автомат устойчивости по тангажу
    pitch autostabilizer
    агент по грузовым перевозкам
    cargo agent
    агент по оформлению
    handing agent
    агент по оформлению туристических перевозок
    travel agent
    агент по продаже билетов
    ticket medium
    агентство по отправке грузов воздушным транспортом
    air freight forwarder
    Агентство по пропорциональным тарифам
    Prorate Agency
    анализатор с интегрированием по времени
    time-integrating analyser
    Африканская конференция по авиационным тарифам
    African Air Tariff Conference
    аэропортовый комитет по разработке и утверждению расписания
    airport scheduling committee
    балансировать по тангажу
    trim in pitch
    балансировка по тангажу
    longitudinal trim
    билет по основному тарифу
    normal fare ticket
    блок контроля скорости пробега по земле
    ground run monitor
    весовая отдача по полезной нагрузке
    useful-to-takeoff load ratio
    взлетать по ветру
    takeoff downwind
    взлет по вертолетному
    no-run takeoff
    взлет по ветру
    downwind takeoff
    взлет по приборам
    instrument takeoff
    взлет по самолетному
    1. forward takeoff
    2. running takeoff визуальная посадка по наземным ориентирам
    visually judged landing
    визуальный заход на посадку по упрощенной схеме
    abbreviated visual approach
    визуальный полет по кругу
    visual circling
    воздушная перевозка по найму
    air operation for hire
    воздушное судно, загруженное не по установленной схеме
    improperly loaded aircraft
    воздушное судно, не сертифицированное по шуму
    nonnoise certificate aircraft
    воздушное судно по обмену
    interchanged aircraft
    восстановление по крену
    bank erection
    восстановление по тангажу
    pitch erection
    ВПП, не оборудованная для посадки по приборам
    noninstrument runway
    ВПП, оборудованная для посадки по приборам
    instrument runway
    вращаться по инерции
    run down
    вращение по инерции
    rundown
    время вылета по расписанию
    scheduled departure time
    время наземной тренировки по приборам
    instrument ground time
    время налета по приборам
    instrument flying time
    время налета по приборам на тренажере
    instrument flying simulated time
    время полета по внешнему контуру
    outbound time
    время полета по маршруту
    trip time
    время по расписанию
    due time
    выдерживание курса по курсовому радиомаяку
    localizer hold
    выдерживать курс по компасу
    hold the heading on the compass
    выдерживать направление по лучу
    follow the beam
    выполнять доработку по бюллетеню
    perform the service bulletin
    выполнять полет по курсу
    fly the heading
    высота по давлению
    pressure altitude
    высота полета по маршруту
    en-route altitude
    высота по радиовысотомеру
    radio height
    Генеральная конференция по мерам и весам
    General Conference of Weights and Measure
    генеральный агент по продаже
    general sales agent
    годность по состоянию здоровья
    medical fitness
    годность по уровню шума
    noiseworthiness
    градус по шкале Цельсия
    degree Celsius
    группа, выполняющая полет по туру
    tour group
    дальность видимости по наклонной прямой
    oblique visibility
    дальность видимости по прямой
    1. line-of-sight distance
    2. line-of-sight range дальность полета по замкнутому маршруту
    closed-circuit range
    дальность полета по прямой
    direct range
    датчик рассогласования по крену
    roll synchro transmitter
    датчик усилий по крену
    roll control force sensor
    движение по земле
    ground run
    движение по тангажу
    pitching motion
    дежурный по посадке
    boarding clerk
    действия по аэродрому при объявлении тревоги
    aerodrome alert measures
    действия по обнаружению и уходу
    see and avoid operations
    действующий технологический стандарт по шуму
    current noise technology standard
    деятельность по координации тарифов
    tariff coordinating activity
    диспетчер по загрузке
    load controller
    диспетчер по загрузке и центровке
    weight and balance controlled
    диспетчер по планированию
    planner
    диспетчер по планированию полетов
    flight planner
    длина разбега по воде
    water run length
    дозаправлять топливом на промежуточной посадке по маршруту
    refuel en-route
    доставка грузов по воздуху
    aerial cargo delivery
    доставлять по воздуху
    fly in
    доступ, регламентированный по времени
    time-ordered access
    доход по контракту
    contract revenue
    Европейская конференция по вопросам гражданской авиации
    European Civil Aviation Conference
    загрузочный механизм по скоростному напору
    Q-feel mechanism
    загрузочный механизм по числу М
    Mach-feel mechanism
    закрылок по всему размаху
    full-span flap
    занимать эшелон по нулям
    be on the level on the hour
    запас по оборотам несущего винта
    rotor speed margin
    запас по помпажу
    surging margin
    запас по сваливанию
    stall margin
    запас по ускорению
    acceleration margin
    заход на посадку, нормированный по времени
    timed approach
    заход на посадку по командам наземных станций
    advisory approach
    заход на посадку по коробочке
    rectangular traffic pattern approach
    заход на посадку по криволинейной траектории
    curved approach
    заход на посадку по кругу
    circling approach
    заход на посадку по крутой траектории
    steep approach
    заход на посадку по курсовому маяку
    localizer approach
    заход на посадку по маяку
    beam approach
    заход на посадку по обзорному радиолокатору
    surveillance radar approach
    заход на посадку по обычной схеме
    normal approach
    заход на посадку по осевой линии
    center line approach
    заход на посадку по полной схеме
    long approach
    заход на посадку по пологой траектории
    flat approach
    заход на посадку по приборам
    1. instrument approach landing
    2. instrument landing approach заход на посадку по прямому курсу
    front course approach
    заход на посадку по радиолокатору
    radar approach
    заход на посадку по сегментно-криволинейной схеме
    segmented approach
    заход на посадку после полета по кругу
    circle-to-land
    заход на посадку по укороченной схеме
    short approach
    заход на посадку по упрощенной схеме
    simple approach
    заход на посадку с прямой по приборам
    straight-in ILS-type approach
    звездное время по гринвичскому меридиану
    Greenwich sideral time
    зона захода на посадку по кругу
    circling approach area
    зона обзора по азимуту
    azimuth coverage
    изменение маршрута по желанию пассажира
    voluntary rerouting
    имитируемый полет по приборам
    simulated instrument flight
    инженер по навигационным средствам
    navaids engineer
    инженер по радиоэлектронному оборудованию
    radio engineer
    инженер по техническому обслуживанию воздушных судов
    aircraft maintenance engineer
    инженер по электронному оборудованию
    electronics engineer
    инспектор по летной годности
    airworthiness inspector
    инспектор по производству полетов
    operations inspector
    инспекция по расследованию авиационных происшествий
    investigating authority
    инструктаж по условиям полета по маршруту
    route briefing
    инструктор по навигационным средствам
    navaids instructor
    инструктор по производству полетов
    flight operations instructor
    инструкция по загрузке воздушного судна
    aircraft loading instruction
    инструкция по консервации и хранению воздушного судна
    aircraft storage instruction
    инструкция по обеспечению безопасности полетов
    air safety rules
    инструкция по производству полетов
    operation instruction
    инструкция по техническому обслуживанию
    maintenance instruction
    инструкция по эксплуатации воздушного судна
    aircraft operating instruction
    информация по воздушной трассе
    airway information
    информация по условиям посадки
    landing instruction
    испытание по уходу на второй круг
    go-around test
    испытания по замеру нагрузки в полете
    flight stress measurement tests
    испытания по полной программе
    full-scale tests
    Исследовательская группа по безопасности полетов
    Aviation Security Study Group
    истинное время по Гринвичу
    Greenwich apparent time
    исходные условия сертификации по шуму
    noise certification reference conditions
    калибровка чувствительности по звуковому давлению
    sound pressure sensitivity calibration
    категория ИКАО по обеспечению полета
    facility performance ICAO category
    классификация воздушных судов по типам
    aircraft category rating
    кодирование по опорному времени
    time reference coding
    Комиссия по авиационной метеорологии
    Commission for aeronautical Meteorology
    Комиссия по нарушению тарифов
    Breachers Commission
    Комиссия по основным системам
    Commission for basic Systems
    Комитет по авиационному шуму
    Committee on Aircraft Noise
    Комитет по безопасности полетов
    Safety Investigation Board
    Комитет по воздушным перевозкам
    1. Air Transport Committee
    2. Air Transportation Board Комитет по исследованиям звуковых ударов
    Sonic Boom Committee
    Комитет по координации частот
    Frequency Coordinating Body
    Комитет по незаконному вмешательству
    Committee on Unlawful Interference
    Комитет по охране окружающей среды от воздействия авиации
    Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection
    Комитет по поощрительным тарифам
    Creative Fares Board
    Комитет по рассмотрению авиационных вопросов
    Aviation Review Committee
    Комитет по расходам
    Cost Committee
    Комитет по специальным грузовым тарифам
    Specific Commodity Rates Board
    коммерческая загрузка, ограниченная по массе
    weight limited payload
    коммерческая загрузка, ограниченная по объему
    space limited payload
    компрессор по помпажу
    compressor surge margin
    конвенция по вопросам деятельности международной гражданской авиации
    convention on international civil aviation
    конвенция по управлению воздушным движением
    air traffic convention
    консультант по вопросам обучения
    training consultant
    консультант по тренажерам
    trainers consultant
    Консультативная группа по метеообеспечению
    Meteorological Advisory Group
    консультативное сообщение по устранению конфликтной ситуации
    resolution advisory
    Консультативный комитет по управлению воздушным движением
    Air Traffic Control Advisory Committee
    Консультативный комитет по упрощению формальностей
    Facilitation Advisory Committee
    контролируемое воздушное пространство предназначенное для полетов по приборам
    instrument restricted airspace
    контроль состояния посевов по пути выполнения основного задания
    associated crop control operation
    Конференция агентства по грузовым перевозкам
    Cargo Agency Conference
    Конференция агентств по пассажирским перевозкам
    Passenger Agency Conference
    Конференция по валютным вопросам
    Currency Conference
    Конференция по вопросам обслуживания пассажиров
    Passenger Services Conference
    Конференция по координации тарифов
    Tariff Co-ordinating Conference
    координационный центр по спасанию
    rescue coordination center
    коррекция траектории по полученной информации
    reply-to-track correlation
    кресло, расположенное по направлению полета
    forward facing seat
    курс захода на посадку по приборам
    instrument approach course
    курс подготовки по утвержденной программе
    approved training course
    курс по локсодромии
    rhumb-line course
    курс по маяку
    beacon course
    курс по радиомаяку
    localizer course
    курсы подготовки пилотов к полетам по приборам
    instrument pilot school
    летать по ветру
    fly downwind
    летать по глиссадному лучу
    fly the glide-slope beam
    летать по кругу
    1. circularize
    2. fly round 3. fly the circle летать по кругу над аэродромом
    circle the aerodrome
    летать по курсу
    1. fly on the heading
    2. fly on the course летать по локсодромии
    fly the rhumb line
    летать по маршруту
    fly en-route
    летать по ортодромии
    fly the great circle
    летать по приборам
    1. fly on instruments
    2. fly by instruments летать по приборам в процессе тренировок
    fly under screen
    летать по прямой
    fly straight
    лететь по лучу
    fly the beam
    летная полоса, оборудованная для полетов по приборам
    instrument strip
    линия полета по курсу
    on-course line
    линия пути по локсодромии
    rhumb-line track
    линия пути по схеме с двумя спаренными разворотами
    race track
    Международная комиссия по аэронавигации
    International commission for Air Navigation
    Международная комиссия по освещению
    Commission on Illumination
    международное сотрудничество по вопросам летной годности
    international collaboration in airworthiness
    меры по обеспечению безопасности
    safety control measures
    меры по предупреждению пожара
    fire precautions
    меры по снижению шума
    noise abatement measures
    метеоданные по аэродрому
    aerodrome forecast material
    метеосводка по трассе полета
    airway climatic data
    методика сертификации по шуму
    noise certification procedure
    метод продажи по наличию свободных мест
    space available policy
    механизм триммерного эффекта по тангажу
    pitch trim actuator
    механизм усилий по скоростному напору
    Q-feel unit
    минимальная высота полета по кругу
    minimum circling procedure height
    минимальная высота по маршруту
    minimum en-route altitude
    минимум для полетов по кругу
    circling minima
    набирать высоту при полете по курсу
    climb on the course
    набор высоты по крутой траектории
    steep climb
    набор высоты по установившейся схеме
    proper climb
    наведение по азимуту
    azimuth guidance
    наведение по азимуту при заходе на посадку
    approach azimuth guidance
    наведение по глиссаде
    glide-slope guidance
    наведение по глиссаде при заходе на посадку
    approach slope guidance
    наведение по клиренсу
    clearance guidance
    наведение по лучу
    1. beam homing
    2. beam follow guidance 3. beam riding наведение по лучу радиолокационной станции
    radar beam riding
    наведение по отраженному лучу
    back beam track guidance
    наведение по углу
    angle guidance
    навигация по визуальным ориентирам
    contact navigation
    навигация по заданным путевым углам
    angle navigation
    навигация по линии равных азимутов
    constant-bearing navigation
    навигация по наземным ориентирам
    1. landmark navigation
    2. terrestrial navigation 3. ground reference navigation навигация по ортодромии
    waypoint navigation
    навигация по условным координатам
    grid navigation
    наставление по управлению воздушным движением
    air traffic guide
    не по курсу
    off-course
    неустойчивость по крену
    roll instability
    неустойчивость по тангажу
    pitch instability
    облако, напоминающее по виду наковальню
    anvil cloud
    обобщенные характеристики по шуму
    generalized noise characteristics
    оборудование для полетов по приборам
    blind flight equipment
    обслуживание по смешанному классу
    mixed service
    обслуживание по туристическому классу
    1. economy class service
    2. coach service 3. no frills service обтекать по потоку
    streamwise
    обтекать хорду по потоку
    stream-wise chord
    Объединенная конференция по грузовым тарифам
    Composite cargo Traffic Conference
    Объединенная конференция по координации грузовым перевозкам
    Composite cargo Tariff Coordinating Conference
    Объединенная конференция по координации пассажирских тарифов
    Composite Passenger Tariff Co-ordinating Conference
    Объединенная конференция по пассажирским перевозкам
    Composite Passenger Conference
    огни по требованию
    lights on request
    ограничение по боковому ветру
    cross-wind limit
    ограничение по времени
    time limit
    ограничение по массе
    weight limitation
    ограничение по скорости полета
    air-speed limitation
    ограничения по загрузке
    loading restrictions
    ограничения по летной годности
    airworthiness limitations
    ограничивать по состоянию здоровья
    decrease in medical fitness
    операции по подготовке рейса к вылету
    departure operations
    операции по спасению
    rescue operations
    операция по рассеиванию тумана
    fog dispersal operation
    операция по спасению
    rescue mission
    опережение по фазе
    phase advance
    определение местонахождения воздушного судна по звездам
    astrofix
    определение местоположения по наземным ориентирам
    visual ground fixing
    определение местоположения по пеленгу одной станции
    one-station fixing
    определение местоположения по пройденному пути и курсу
    range-bearing fixing
    ориентировка ВПП по магнитному меридиану
    magnetic orientation of runway
    ориентировка по радиомаяку
    radio-range orientation
    остановка по расписанию
    sheduled stopping
    Отдел по соблюдению тарифов
    Compliance Department
    отклонение по дальности
    range deviation
    отклонение по крену
    bank displacement
    отставание по времени
    time lag
    отставание по фазе
    phase lag
    ошибка по дальности
    range error
    параметр потока, критический по шуму
    noise-critical flow parameter
    пассажир по полному тарифу
    adult
    пеленг по гироприбору
    gyro bearing
    перевозка грузов по воздуху
    air freight lift
    перевозка пассажиров по контракту
    contract tour
    перевозка по специальному тарифу
    unit toll transportation
    перевозки по тарифу туристического класса
    coach traffic
    персонал по обеспечению полетов
    flight operations personnel
    персонал по оформлению билетов
    ticketing personnel
    пикирование по спирали
    spiral dive
    пилотировать по приборам
    pilot by reference to instruments
    планирование воздушного судна по спирали
    aircraft spiral glide
    план полета по приборам
    instrument flight plan
    по азимуту
    in azimuth
    поверхность управления по всему размаху
    full-span control surface
    (напр. крыла) по ветру
    downwind
    по всему размаху
    tip
    погода по метеосводке
    reported weather
    погрешность отсчета по углу места
    elevation error
    подводить по трубопроводу
    deliver by pipe
    подготовка для полетов по приборам
    instrument flight training
    подготовка по утвержденной программе
    approved training
    по запросу
    1. on-request
    2. on request полет по дополнительному маршруту
    extra section flight
    полет по заданной траектории
    desired path flight
    полет по заданному маршруту
    desired track flight
    полет по замкнутому кругу
    closed-circuit flight
    полет по замкнутому маршруту
    round-trip
    полет по индикации на стекле
    head-up flight
    полет по инерции
    1. coasting flight
    2. coast полет по коробочке
    box-pattern flight
    полет по круговому маршруту
    1. round-trip flight
    2. circling полет по кругу
    circuit-circling
    полет по кругу в районе аэродрома
    aerodrome traffic circuit operation
    полет по кругу над аэродромом
    1. aerodrome circling
    2. aerodrome circuit-circling полет по курсу
    flight on heading
    полет по локсодромии
    rhumb-line flight
    полет по маршруту
    1. en-route operation
    2. en-route flight полет по маякам ВОР
    VOR course flight
    полет по наземным ориентирам
    visual navigation flight
    полет по наземным ориентирам или по командам наземных станций
    reference flight
    полет по полному маршруту
    entire flight
    полет по приборам
    1. instrument flight rules operation
    2. instrument flight 3. blind flight 4. head-down flight полет по приборам, обязательный для данной зоны
    compulsory IFR flight
    полет по размеченному маршруту
    point-to-point flight
    полет по расписанию
    1. scheduled flight
    2. regular flight полет по сигналам с земли
    directed reference flight
    полет по условным меридианам
    grid flight
    полет по установленным правилам
    flight under the rules
    полеты по воздушным трассам
    airways flying
    полеты по изобаре
    pressure flying
    полеты по контрольным точкам
    fix-to-fix flying
    полеты по кругу
    circuit flying
    полеты по наземным естественным ориентирам
    terrain fly
    полеты по низким метеоминимумам
    low weather operations
    полеты по обратному лучу
    back beam flying
    полеты по ортодромии
    great-circle flying
    полеты по прямому лучу
    front beam flying
    полеты по радиолучу
    radio-beam fly
    положение, определенное по радиолокатору
    radar track position
    положение по направлению трассы
    along-track position
    положение по тангажу
    pitch attitude
    по оси воздушного судна
    on aircraft center line
    по полету
    looking forward
    по размаху
    spanwise
    порядок действий по тревоге на аэродроме
    aerodrome alerting procedure
    посадка по вертолетному типу
    helicopter-type landing
    посадка по ветру
    downwind landing
    посадка по командам с земли
    1. ground-controlled landing
    2. talk-down landing посадка по приборам
    1. instrument landing
    2. blind landing посадка по техническим причинам
    technical stop
    Постоянный комитет по летно-техническим характеристикам
    Standing Committee of Performance
    по часовой стрелке
    clockwise
    правила полета по кругу
    circuit rules
    правила полетов по приборам
    instrument flight rules
    превышение по высоте
    gain in altitude
    предварительные меры по обеспечению безопасности полетов
    advance arrangements
    предкрылок по всему размаху
    full-span slat
    (крыла) предоставляется по запросу
    available on request
    предполетный инструктаж по метеообстановке
    flight weather briefing
    предпочтительная по уровню шума ВПП
    noise preferential runway
    предпочтительный по уровню шума маршрут
    noise preferential route
    предупреждение по аэродрому
    aerodrome warning
    преобразователь сигнала по тангажу
    pitch transformer
    пробегать по полному маршруту
    cover the route
    проведение работ по снижению высоты препятствий для полетов
    obstacle clearing
    проверка прилегания по краске
    transferred marking
    прогноз по авиатрассе
    airway forecast
    прогноз по аэродрому
    aerodrome forecast
    прогноз по высоте
    height forecast
    прогноз по маршруту
    air route forecast
    прогноз по региону
    regional forecast
    программа сертификации по шуму
    noise certification scheme
    продажа билетов по принципу наличия свободных мест
    space available basis
    продолжительность по запасу топлива
    fuel endurance
    прокладка маршрута по угловым координатам
    angle tracking
    пропускная способность по числу посадок
    landing capacity
    противопожарное патрулирование по пути выполнения основного задания
    associated fire control operation
    пульт управления по радио
    radio control board
    работы по техническому обслуживанию
    maintenance operations
    Рабочая группа по разработке основных эксплуатационных требований
    Basic Operational Requirements Group
    развертка по дальности
    range scanning
    разворачивать по ветру
    turn downwind
    разворот по приборам
    instrument turn
    разворот по стандартной схеме
    standard rate turn
    разворот по установленной схеме
    procedure turn
    разница в тарифах по классам
    class differential
    разрешающая способность по дальности
    range resolution
    разрешение в процессе полета по маршруту
    en-route clearance
    разрешение на полет по приборам
    instrument clearance
    распределение давления по крылу
    wing pressure plotting
    распределение по размаху крыла
    spanwise distribution
    распределение по хорде
    chordwise distribution
    распределение расходов по маршрутам
    cost allocation to routes
    расстояние по ортодромии
    great-circle distance
    реакция по крену
    roll response
    регламентирование по времени
    timing
    регулировать по высоте
    adjust for height
    режим работы автопилота по заданному курсу
    autopilot heading mode
    рейс с обслуживанием по первому классу
    first-class flight
    рекомендации по обеспечению безопасности полетов
    safety recommendations
    рекомендации по стандартам, практике и правилам
    recommendations for standards, practices and procedures
    руководство по обеспечению безопасности
    safety regulations
    руководство по полетам воздушных судов гражданской авиации
    civil air regulations
    руководство по предупреждению столкновений над морем
    regulations for preventing collisions over sea
    руководство по производству полетов в зоне аэродрома
    aerodrome rules
    руководство по технической эксплуатации воздушного судна
    aircraft maintenance guide
    руководство по управлению полетами
    flight control fundamentals
    руководство по упрощению формальностей
    guide to facilitation
    руление по аэродрому
    ground taxi operation
    руление по воздуху
    air taxiing
    руление по воздуху к месту взлета
    aerial taxiing to takeoff
    рыскание по курсу
    hunting
    сбор за услуги по оценке
    valuation charge
    сводка по аэродрому
    aerodrome report
    сводка погоды по данным радиолокационного наблюдения
    radar weather report
    связь по запросу с борта
    air-initiated communication
    связь по обеспечению регулярности полетов
    flight regularity communication
    сдвиг по фазе
    phase shift
    сектор наведения по клиренсу
    clearance guidance sector
    Секция расчетов по вопросам технической помощи
    Technical Assistance Accounts section
    (ИКАО) Секция расчетов по регулярной программе
    Regular Programme Accounts section
    (ИКАО) сертификат воздушного судна по шуму
    aircraft noise certificate
    сертификационный стандарт по шуму
    noise certification standard
    сертификация по шуму на взлетном режиме
    take-off noise
    сигнал полета по курсу
    on-course signal
    сигнал синхронизации по времени
    synchronized time signal
    система балансировки по числу М
    Mach trim system
    система блокировки управления по положению реверса
    thrust reverser interlock system
    система наведения по лучу
    1. beam-rider system
    2. guide beam system система наведения по приборам
    instrument guidance system
    система наведения по сканирующему лучу
    scanning beam guidance system
    система наведения по углу
    angle guidance system
    система навигации по наземным ориентирам
    ground-referenced navigation system
    система посадки по лучу маяка
    beam approach beacon system
    система посадки по приборам
    instrument landing system
    система сборов по фактической массе
    weight system
    (багажа или груза) скольжение по воде
    equaplaning
    скорость набора высоты при полете по маршруту
    en-route climb speed
    скорость по тангажу
    rate of pitch
    следовать по заданному курсу
    pursue
    служба обеспечения прогнозами по маршруту
    route forecast service
    служба по изучению рынка
    marketing service
    (воздушных перевозок) снижение по спирали
    spiral descent
    снос определенный по радиолокатору
    radar drift
    советник по авиационным вопросам
    aviation adviser
    советник по вопросам гражданской авиации
    civil aviation adviser
    советник по проектированию и строительству аэродромов
    aerodrome engineering instructor
    Совет по авиационным спутникам
    Aeronautical Satellite Council
    Совместный комитет по специальным грузовым тарифам
    Joint service Commodity Rates Board
    соглашение по вопросам летной годности
    arrangement for airworthiness
    соглашение по пассажирским и грузовым тарифам
    fares and rates agreement
    соглашение по прямому транзиту
    direct transit agreement
    соглашение по тарифам
    tariff agreement
    состояние готовности аэродрома по тревоге
    aerodrome alert status
    (состояние готовности служб аэродрома по тревоге) специализированный отдел по расследованию происшествий
    accident investigation division
    специалист по ремонту
    repairman
    специалист по ремонту воздушных судов
    aircraft repairman
    специалист по сборке
    rigger
    справочник по аэродромам
    aerodrome directory
    справочник по аэропортам
    airport directory
    средства обеспечения полетов по приборам
    nonvisual aids
    стандартная система управления заходом на посадку по лучу
    standard beam approach system
    стандартная схема вылета по приборам
    standard instrument departure
    стандартная схема посадки по приборам
    standard instrument arrival
    стандарт по шуму для дозвуковых самолетов
    subsonic noise standard
    степень помех по отношению к несущей частоте
    carrier-to-noise ratio
    строить по лицензии
    construct under license
    схема визуального полета по кругу
    visual circling procedure
    схема захода на посадку по командам с земли
    ground-controlled approach procedure
    схема захода на посадку по коробочке
    rectangular approach traffic pattern
    схема захода на посадку по приборам
    1. instrument approach chart
    2. instrument approach procedure схема полета по кругу
    1. circuit pattern
    2. circling procedure схема полета по маршруту
    en-route procedure
    схема полета по приборам
    instrument flight procedure
    схема полета по приборам в зоне ожидания
    instrument holding procedure
    схема полетов по кругу
    traffic circuit
    схема руления по аэродрому
    aerodrome taxi circuit
    тарировка по времени
    time calibration
    тарировка по дальности
    range calibration
    тарировка по числу М
    Mach number calibration
    тариф на полет по замкнутому кругу
    round trip fare
    тариф по контракту
    contract rate
    тариф по незамкнутому круговому маршруту
    open-jaw fare
    температура по шкале Цельсия
    Celsius temperature
    точность ориентировки по точечному ориентиру
    pinpoint accuracy
    траектория взлета, сертифицированная по шуму
    noise certification takeoff flight path
    траектория захода на посадку по азимуту
    azimuth approach path
    траектория захода на посадку по лучу курсового маяка
    localizer approach track
    траектория захода на посадку, сертифицированная по шуму
    noise certification approach path
    траектория полета по маршруту
    en-route flight path
    траектория полетов по низким минимумам погоды
    low weather minima path
    транспортировка по воздуху
    shipment by air
    трансформатор сигнала по крену
    roll transformer
    трансформатор сигнала по курсу
    yaw transformer
    трафарет с инструкцией по применению
    instruction plate
    требования по метеоусловиям
    meteorological requirements
    требования по ограничению высоты препятствий
    obstacle limitation requirements
    требования по снижению шума
    noise reduction requirements
    тренажер для подготовки к полетам по приборам
    instrument flight trainer
    тяга, регулируемая по величине и направлению
    vectored thrust
    угол рассогласования по крену
    bank synchro error angle
    удостоверение на право полета по авиалинии
    airline certificate
    удостоверение на право полета по приборам
    instrument certificate
    указания по выполнению руления
    taxi instruction
    указания по порядку ожидания
    holding instruction
    указания по управлению воздушным движением
    air-traffic control instruction
    указания по условиям эксплуатации в полете
    inflight operational instructions
    указатель отклонения от курса по радиомаяку
    localizer deviation pointer
    уполномоченный по расследованию
    investigator-in-charge
    управление по крену
    1. roll guidance
    2. roll control управление по угловому отклонению
    angular position control
    управление по углу рыскания
    yaw control
    управляемый по радио
    radio-controlled
    условия по заданному маршруту
    conditions on the route
    условия, по сложности превосходящие квалификацию пилота
    conditions beyond the experience
    условия сертификационных испытаний по шуму
    noise certification test conditions
    устанавливать воздушное судно по оси
    align the aircraft with the center line
    устанавливать воздушное судно по оси ВПП
    align the aircraft with the runway
    установленная схема вылета по приборам
    standard instrument departure chart
    установленная схема полета по кругу
    fixed circuit
    установленная схема ухода на второй круг по приборам
    instrument missed procedure
    устойчивость по крену
    1. rolling stability
    2. lateral stability устойчивость по скорости
    speed stability
    устойчивость по тангажу
    1. pitching stability
    2. pitch stability устойчивость по углу атаки
    angle-of-attack stability
    уточнение плана полета по сведениям, полученным в полете
    inflight operational planning
    уходить на второй круг по заданной схеме
    take a missed-approach procedure
    уход платформы по курсу
    platform drift in azimuth
    фирма по производству воздушных судов
    aircraft company
    флюгирование по отрицательному крутящему моменту
    negative torque feathering
    характеристика набора высоты при полете по маршруту
    en-route climb performance
    характеристика по наддуву
    manifold pressure characteristic
    характеристики наведения по линии пути
    track-defining characteristics
    характеристики по шуму
    noise characteristics
    чартерный рейс по заказу отдельной организации
    single-entity charter
    чартерный рейс по незамкнутому маршруту
    open-jaw charter
    чартерный рейс по объявленной программе
    programmed charter
    чартерный рейс по установленному маршруту
    on-route charter
    чувствительность к отклонению по сигналам курсового маяка
    lokalizer displacement sensitivity
    чувствительность по давлению
    pressure sensitivity
    чувствительность по курсу
    course sensitivity
    шкала корректировки по тангажу
    pitch trim scale
    шкала отклонения от курса по радиомаяку
    localizer deviation scale
    школа подготовки специалистов по управлению воздушным движением
    air traffic school
    экзамен по летной подготовке
    flight examination
    экспедитор по отправке грузов
    freight consolidator
    эксперт по вопросам ведения документации
    procedures document expert
    эксперт по контролю за качеством
    quality control expert
    эксперт по летной годности
    airworthiness expert
    эксперт по обслуживанию воздушного движения
    air traffic services expert
    эксперт по обучению пилотов
    pilot training expert
    эксперт по производству налетов
    flight operations expert
    эксперт по радиолокаторам
    radar expert
    эксперт по техническому обслуживанию
    maintenance expert
    этап полета по маршруту
    en-route flight phase
    эшелонирование по курсу
    track separation
    эшелонирование по усмотрению пилота
    own separation
    эшелонировать по высоте
    stack up

    Русско-английский авиационный словарь > по

  • 15 Adamson, Daniel

    [br]
    b. 1818 Shildon, Co. Durham, England
    d. January 1890 Didsbury, Manchester, England
    [br]
    English mechanical engineer, pioneer in the use of steel for boilers, which enabled higher pressures to be introduced; pioneer in the use of triple-and quadruple-expansion mill engines.
    [br]
    Adamson was apprenticed between 1835 and 1841 to Timothy Hackworth, then Locomotive Superintendent on the Stockton \& Darlington Railway. After this he was appointed Draughtsman, then Superintendent Engineer, at that railway's locomotive works until in 1847 he became Manager of Shildon Works. In 1850 he resigned and moved to act as General Manager of Heaton Foundry, Stockport. In the following year he commenced business on his own at Newton Moor Iron Works near Manchester, where he built up his business as an iron-founder and boilermaker. By 1872 this works had become too small and he moved to a 4 acre (1.6 hectare) site at Hyde Junction, Dukinfield. There he employed 600 men making steel boilers, heavy machinery including mill engines fitted with the American Wheelock valve gear, hydraulic plant and general millwrighting. His success was based on his early recognition of the importance of using high-pressure steam and steel instead of wrought iron. In 1852 he patented his type of flanged seam for the firetubes of Lancashire boilers, which prevented these tubes cracking through expansion. In 1862 he patented the fabrication of boilers by drilling rivet holes instead of punching them and also by drilling the holes through two plates held together in their assembly positions. He had started to use steel for some boilers he made for railway locomotives in 1857, and in 1860, only four years after Bessemer's patent, he built six mill engine boilers from steel for Platt Bros, Oldham. He solved the problems of using this new material, and by his death had made c.2,800 steel boilers with pressures up to 250 psi (17.6 kg/cm2).
    He was a pioneer in the general introduction of steel and in 1863–4 was a partner in establishing the Yorkshire Iron and Steel Works at Penistone. This was the first works to depend entirely upon Bessemer steel for engineering purposes and was later sold at a large profit to Charles Cammell \& Co., Sheffield. When he started this works, he also patented improvements both to the Bessemer converters and to the engines which provided their blast. In 1870 he helped to turn Lincolnshire into an important ironmaking area by erecting the North Lincolnshire Ironworks. He was also a shareholder in ironworks in South Wales and Cumberland.
    He contributed to the development of the stationary steam engine, for as early as 1855 he built one to run with a pressure of 150 psi (10.5 kg/cm) that worked quite satisfactorily. He reheated the steam between the cylinders of compound engines and then in 1861–2 patented a triple-expansion engine, followed in 1873 by a quadruple-expansion one to further economize steam. In 1858 he developed improved machinery for testing tensile strength and compressive resistance of materials, and in the same year patents for hydraulic lifting jacks and riveting machines were obtained.
    He was a founding member of the Iron and Steel Institute and became its President in 1888 when it visited Manchester. The previous year he had been President of the Institution of Civil Engineers when he was presented with the Bessemer Gold Medal. He was a constant contributor at the meetings of these associations as well as those of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. He did not live to see the opening of one of his final achievements, the Manchester Ship Canal. He was the one man who, by his indomitable energy and skill at public speaking, roused the enthusiasm of the people in Manchester for this project and he made it a really practical proposition in the face of strong opposition.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    President, Institution of Civil Engineers 1887.
    President, Iron and Steel Institute 1888. Institution of Civil Engineers Bessemer Gold Medal 1887.
    Further Reading
    Obituary, Engineer 69:56.
    Obituary, Engineering 49:66–8.
    H.W.Dickinson, 1938, A Short History of the Steam Engine, Cambridge University Press (provides an illustration of Adamson's flanged seam for boilers).
    R.L.Hills, 1989, Power from Steam. A History of the Stationary Steam Engine, Cambridge University Press (covers the development of the triple-expansion engine).
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Adamson, Daniel

  • 16 Wöhler, August

    SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy
    [br]
    b. 22 June 1819 Soltau, Germany
    d. 21 June 1914 Hannover, Germany
    [br]
    German railway engineer who first established the fatigue fracture of metals.
    [br]
    Wöhler, the son of a schoolteacher, was born at Soltau on the Luneburg Heath and received his early education at his father's school, where his mathematical abilities soon became apparent. He completed his studies at the Technical High School, Hannover.
    In 1840 he obtained a position at the Borsig Engineering Works in Berlin and acquired there much valuable experience in railway technology. He trained as an engine driver in Belgium and in 1843 was appointed as an engineer to the first Hannoverian Railway, then being constructed between Hannover and Lehrte. In 1847 he became Chief Superintendent of rolling stock on the Lower Silesian-Brandenhurg Railway, where his technical abilities influenced the Prussian Minister of Commerce to appoint him to a commission set up to investigate the reasons for the unusually high incidence of axle failures then being encountered on the railways. This was in 1852, and by 1854, when the Brandenburg line had been nationalized, Wöhler had already embarked on the long, systematic programme of mechanical testing which eventually provided him with a clear insight into the process of what is now referred to as "fatigue failure". He concentrated initially on the behaviour of machined iron and steel specimens subjected to fluctuating direct, bending and torsional stresses that were imposed by testing machines of his own design.
    Although Wöhler was not the first investigator in this area, he was the first to recognize the state of "fatigue" induced in metals by the repeated application of cycles of stress at levels well below those that would cause immediate failure. His method of plotting the fatigue stress amplitude "S" against the number of stress cycles necessary to cause failure "N" yielded the well-known S-N curve which described very precisely the susceptibility to fatigue failure of the material concerned. Engineers were thus provided with an invaluable testing technique that is still widely used in the 1990s.
    Between 1851 and 1898 Wöhler published forty-two papers in German technical journals, although the importance of his work was not initially fully appreciated in other countries. A display of some of his fracture fatigue specimens at the Paris Exposition in 1867, however, stimulated a short review of his work in Engineering in London. Four years later, in 1871, Engineering published a series of nine articles which described Wöhler's findings in considerable detail and brought them to the attention of engineers. Wöhler became a member of the newly created management board of the Imperial German Railways in 1874, an appointment that he retained until 1889. He is also remembered for his derivation in 1855 of a formula for calculating the deflections under load of lattice girders, plate girders, and other continuous beams resting on more than two supports. This "Three Moments" theorem appeared two years before Clapeyron independently advanced the same expression. Wöhler's other major contribution to bridge design was to use rollers at one end to allow for thermal expansion and contraction.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1855, "Theorie rechteckiger eiserner Brückenbalken", Zeitschrift für Bauwesen 5:122–66. 1870, "Über die Festigkeitversuche mit Eisen und Stahl", Zeitschrift für Bauwesen 20:73– 106.
    Wöhler's experiments on the fatigue of metals were reported in Engineering (1867) 2:160; (1871) 11:199–200, 222, 243–4, 261, 299–300, 326–7, 349–50, 397, 439–41.
    Further Reading
    R.Blaum, 1918, "August Wöhler", Beiträge zur Geschichte der Technik und Industrie 8:35–55.
    ——1925, "August Wöhler", Deutsches biographisches Jahrbuch, Vol. I, Stuttgart, pp. 103–7.
    K.Pearson, 1890, "On Wöhler's experiments on alternating stress", Messeng. Math.
    20:21–37.
    J.Gilchrist, 1900, "On Wöhler's Laws", Engineer 90:203–4.
    ASD

    Biographical history of technology > Wöhler, August

  • 17 Bauspekulant

    Bauspekulant
    jerrybuilder;
    • Bausperre verfügen to put a freeze on building;
    • Bausperrgebiet restricted district;
    • Baustahl constructional steel;
    • Bausteinpaket (Software) package of modules;
    • Baustelle [building] ground (site);
    • zeitlich begrenzte Baustelle temporary construction site;
    • ortsveränderliche Baustelle mobile construction site;
    • Baustellenleiter site foreman;
    • Baustoffe building material;
    • Baustoffhändler material man;
    • Baustoffindustrie building-material producers;
    • Baustofflager building yard;
    • Baustopp verfügen to put a freeze on building;
    • Bausumme contract value;
    • öffentliche Bautätigkeit public construction;
    • private Bautätigkeit private building;
    • Bautechnik constructural (construction) engineering;
    • Bautechniker civil (architectural) engineer.

    Business german-english dictionary > Bauspekulant

  • 18 Produktionsleiter

    Produktionsleiter
    production (plant) manager (supervisor), superintendent engineer, chief engineer in charge of production, director [of production], production chief, line executive, executive producer;
    • Produktionsleitung plant (production) management, production planning;
    • Produktionslenkung production control;
    • kriegsbedingte Produktionslenkung production allocation program (US);
    • Produktionslizenz production permit, manufacturing licence;
    • Produktionslöhne manufacturing wages, productive labo(u)r;
    • Produktionsmaterial direct material;
    • Produktionsmaximum peak output;
    • Produktionsmenge flow, amount of output, output in volume, make, amount (quantity) of production, (Landwirtschaft) output, yield;
    • monetär bewertete Produktionsmenge money output;
    • in einer Arbeitsperiode gefertigte Produktionsmenge run quantity.

    Business german-english dictionary > Produktionsleiter

  • 19 cuerpo

    m.
    1 body.
    a cuerpo without a coat on
    de cuerpo entero full-length (retrato, espejo)
    en cuerpo y alma body and soul
    luchar cuerpo a cuerpo to fight hand-to-hand
    de cuerpo presente (lying) in state
    tomar cuerpo to take shape
    vivir a cuerpo de rey to live like a king
    ¡cuerpo a tierra! hit the ground!, get down!
    cuerpo celeste heavenly body
    cuerpo extraño foreign body
    el cuerpo humano the human body
    2 main body (parte principal).
    3 thickness (consistencia).
    mover hasta que la mezcla tome cuerpo stir until the mixture thickens
    el proyecto de nuevo aeropuerto va tomando cuerpo the new airport project is taking shape
    4 corps.
    cuerpo diplomático diplomatic corps
    cuerpo de policía police force
    5 section (parte de armario, edificio).
    7 corpus, body, main section of a bodily part, main section of an organism.
    8 mass of tissue, corpus.
    * * *
    1 ANATOMÍA body
    3 (figura) figure; (tronco) trunk
    4 (tronco) trunk
    5 (grupo) body, force, corps
    6 (cadáver) corpse, body
    7 (parte) section, part; (parte principal) main part, main body
    8 QUÍMICA substance
    9 FÍSICA body
    10 (vino, tela, etc) body
    11 DEPORTE length
    \
    a cuerpo descubierto defenceless (US defenseless)
    cuerpo a cuerpo hand-to-hand
    de cuerpo entero full-length
    en cuerpo y alma figurado heart and soul, body and soul
    estar de cuerpo presente to lie in state
    hacer de cuerpo eufemístico to relieve oneself
    no tener nada en el cuerpo to have an empty stomach
    tener buen cuerpo to have a good figure
    tomar cuerpo figurado to take shape
    cuerpo de baile corps de ballet
    cuerpo del delito DERECHO evidence, corpus delicti
    cuerpo diplomático diplomatic corps
    cuerpo legislativo legislative body
    cuerpo geométrico regular solid
    cuerpos celestes heavenly bodies
    * * *
    noun m.
    1) body
    * * *
    SM
    1) (Anat) body

    me dolía todo el cuerpo — my body was aching all over, I was aching all over

    cuerpo a cuerpo —

    un cuerpo a cuerpo entre los dos políticos — a head-on o head-to-head confrontation between the two politicians

    • de cuerpo entero — [retrato, espejo] full-length

    • de medio cuerpo — [retrato, espejo] half-length

    • cuerpo serrano — hum body to die for

    • ¡cuerpo a tierra! — hit the ground!

    dar con el cuerpo en tierra — to fall down, fall to the ground

    a cuerpo gentil —

    a cuerpo de rey —

    hurtó el cuerpo y eludió a sus vecinos — he sneaked off o away and avoided his neighbours

    pedirle a algn algo el cuerpo —

    2) (=cadáver) body, corpse

    de cuerpo presente: su marido aún estaba de cuerpo presente — her husband had not yet been buried

    funeral de cuerpo presente — funeral service, funeral

    3) (=grupo)

    cuerpo de bomberos — fire brigade, fire department (EEUU)

    4) (=parte) [de mueble] section, part; [de un vestido] bodice; (=parte principal) main body
    5) (=objeto) body, object
    6) (=consistencia) [de vino] body

    • dar cuerpo a algo, el suavizante que da cuerpo a su cabello — the conditioner that gives your hair body

    • tomar cuerpo — [plan, proyecto, personaje, historia] to take shape

    7) (Tip) [de letra] point, point size
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Anat) body

    tenía el miedo metido en el cuerpo — (fam) he was scared stiff (colloq)

    a cuerpo de rey — (fam)

    a cuerpo gentil — (fam) without a coat (o sweater etc)

    echarse algo al cuerpo — (fam) < comida> to have something to eat; < bebida> to have something to drink

    sacar(le) el cuerpo a alguien — (AmL fam) to steer clear of somebody

    sacar(le) el cuerpo a algo — (AmL fam) ( a trabajo) to get out of something; ( a responsabilidad) to evade o shirk something

    b) ( cadáver) body, corpse

    encontraron su cuerpo sin vida junto al río — (period) his lifeless body was found by the river (frml)

    c) ( tronco) body
    2) (Equ) length
    3)
    a) ( parte principal) main body
    b) ( de mueble) part; ( de edificio) section
    4) (conjunto de personas, de ideas, normas) body
    5) (Fís) ( objeto) body, object; ( sustancia) substance
    6) (consistencia, densidad) body

    dar/tomar cuerpo — idea/escultura to take shape

    * * *
    = body, body, type size, body-size, corps, shank, cadaver, soma.
    Ex. But when he speaks to me he always scans my body and stares at my breasts.
    Ex. Cartographic materials are, according to AACR2, all the materials that represent, in whole or in part, the earth or any celestial body.
    Ex. Using golf-ball or daisy-wheel typewriters a good range of typefaces can be used on the same page; different type sizes can also be used.
    Ex. A fount of type was a set of letters and other symbols in which each was supplied in approximate proportion to its frequency of use, all being of one body-size and design.
    Ex. Quality abstracting services take pride in their corps of abstractors.
    Ex. Another device was to make matrices for accented sorts with the punches already used for unaccented sorts: the letter punch was stepped on its shank so that one of several accent punches could be bound on to the step to make a combined punch.
    Ex. Rather than bringing in butchers to do the handiwork of his dissections, Vesalius himself worked on the human cadavers and said that students of medicine should do the same.
    Ex. Pyramidal neurons, also known as pyramidal cells, are neurons with a pyramidal-shaped cell body ( soma) and two distinct dendritic trees.
    ----
    * a cuerpo de rey = the lap of luxury.
    * crema para el cuerlpo = body lotion.
    * cuerpo calloso = corpus callosum.
    * cuerpo celeste = celestial body, heavenly body.
    * cuerpo Danone = body beautiful.
    * cuerpo de animal muerto = carcass.
    * cuerpo de bomberos = fire department.
    * cuerpo de estanterías = bay of shelves, range of shelving, range, bay of shelving.
    * cuerpo de estanterías por materia = subject bay.
    * cuerpo de inspectores = inspectorate.
    * cuerpo de la ficha = body of the card.
    * Cuerpo de Marina = Navy Corps.
    * Cuerpo de Paz, el = Peace Corps.
    * Cuerpo de Zapadores = Army Corps Engineers.
    * cuerpo expedicionario = expeditionary force.
    * cuerpo extraño = foreign body.
    * cuerpo humano, el = human body, the.
    * cuerpo político, el = body politic, the.
    * cuerpo sin vida = dead body.
    * culto al cuerpo = cult of the body, body beautiful.
    * dar cuerpo = give + substance.
    * dar cuerpo a = flesh out.
    * dar cuerpo y forma a = lend + substance and form to.
    * de cuerpo largo = long-bodied.
    * del cuerpo = body.
    * foto de medio cuerpo = mugshot [mug shot].
    * ingeniero del cuerpo de zapadores = Army Corps engineer.
    * luchar cuerpo a cuerpo = clinch.
    * miembro del cuerpo = limb.
    * órgano del cuerpo = limb, body part.
    * pegado al cuerpo = slinky [slinkier -comp., slinkiest -sup.].
    * ponerse en forma para la lucir el cuerpo en la playa = get + beach-fit.
    * que cubre todo el cuerpo = head to toe.
    * seguro por pérdida de un miembro del cuerpo = dismemberment insurance.
    * temperatura del cuerpo = body temperature.
    * vivir a cuerpo de rey = live like + a king, live in + the lap of luxury.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Anat) body

    tenía el miedo metido en el cuerpo — (fam) he was scared stiff (colloq)

    a cuerpo de rey — (fam)

    a cuerpo gentil — (fam) without a coat (o sweater etc)

    echarse algo al cuerpo — (fam) < comida> to have something to eat; < bebida> to have something to drink

    sacar(le) el cuerpo a alguien — (AmL fam) to steer clear of somebody

    sacar(le) el cuerpo a algo — (AmL fam) ( a trabajo) to get out of something; ( a responsabilidad) to evade o shirk something

    b) ( cadáver) body, corpse

    encontraron su cuerpo sin vida junto al río — (period) his lifeless body was found by the river (frml)

    c) ( tronco) body
    2) (Equ) length
    3)
    a) ( parte principal) main body
    b) ( de mueble) part; ( de edificio) section
    4) (conjunto de personas, de ideas, normas) body
    5) (Fís) ( objeto) body, object; ( sustancia) substance
    6) (consistencia, densidad) body

    dar/tomar cuerpo — idea/escultura to take shape

    * * *
    = body, body, type size, body-size, corps, shank, cadaver, soma.

    Ex: But when he speaks to me he always scans my body and stares at my breasts.

    Ex: Cartographic materials are, according to AACR2, all the materials that represent, in whole or in part, the earth or any celestial body.
    Ex: Using golf-ball or daisy-wheel typewriters a good range of typefaces can be used on the same page; different type sizes can also be used.
    Ex: A fount of type was a set of letters and other symbols in which each was supplied in approximate proportion to its frequency of use, all being of one body-size and design.
    Ex: Quality abstracting services take pride in their corps of abstractors.
    Ex: Another device was to make matrices for accented sorts with the punches already used for unaccented sorts: the letter punch was stepped on its shank so that one of several accent punches could be bound on to the step to make a combined punch.
    Ex: Rather than bringing in butchers to do the handiwork of his dissections, Vesalius himself worked on the human cadavers and said that students of medicine should do the same.
    Ex: Pyramidal neurons, also known as pyramidal cells, are neurons with a pyramidal-shaped cell body ( soma) and two distinct dendritic trees.
    * a cuerpo de rey = the lap of luxury.
    * crema para el cuerlpo = body lotion.
    * cuerpo calloso = corpus callosum.
    * cuerpo celeste = celestial body, heavenly body.
    * cuerpo Danone = body beautiful.
    * cuerpo de animal muerto = carcass.
    * cuerpo de bomberos = fire department.
    * cuerpo de estanterías = bay of shelves, range of shelving, range, bay of shelving.
    * cuerpo de estanterías por materia = subject bay.
    * cuerpo de inspectores = inspectorate.
    * cuerpo de la ficha = body of the card.
    * Cuerpo de Marina = Navy Corps.
    * Cuerpo de Paz, el = Peace Corps.
    * Cuerpo de Zapadores = Army Corps Engineers.
    * cuerpo expedicionario = expeditionary force.
    * cuerpo extraño = foreign body.
    * cuerpo humano, el = human body, the.
    * cuerpo político, el = body politic, the.
    * cuerpo sin vida = dead body.
    * culto al cuerpo = cult of the body, body beautiful.
    * dar cuerpo = give + substance.
    * dar cuerpo a = flesh out.
    * dar cuerpo y forma a = lend + substance and form to.
    * de cuerpo largo = long-bodied.
    * del cuerpo = body.
    * foto de medio cuerpo = mugshot [mug shot].
    * ingeniero del cuerpo de zapadores = Army Corps engineer.
    * luchar cuerpo a cuerpo = clinch.
    * miembro del cuerpo = limb.
    * órgano del cuerpo = limb, body part.
    * pegado al cuerpo = slinky [slinkier -comp., slinkiest -sup.].
    * ponerse en forma para la lucir el cuerpo en la playa = get + beach-fit.
    * que cubre todo el cuerpo = head to toe.
    * seguro por pérdida de un miembro del cuerpo = dismemberment insurance.
    * temperatura del cuerpo = body temperature.
    * vivir a cuerpo de rey = live like + a king, live in + the lap of luxury.

    * * *
    A
    le dolía todo el cuerpo his whole body ached
    es de cuerpo muy menudo she's very slightly built o she has a very slight build
    tenía el miedo metido en el cuerpo ( fam); he was scared stiff ( colloq)
    un retrato/espejo de cuerpo entero a full-length portrait/mirror
    a cuerpo de rey ( fam): vive a cuerpo de rey he lives like a king
    nos atendieron a cuerpo de rey they treated us like royalty, they gave us real V.I.P. treatment ( colloq)
    a cuerpo or en or de cuerpo gentil ( fam); without a coat ( o sweater etc)
    cuerpo a cuerpo hand-to-hand
    en un combate cuerpo a cuerpo in hand-to-hand combat
    dárselo a algn el cuerpo ( fam): me lo daba el cuerpo que algo había ocurrido I had a feeling that something had happened
    echarse algo al cuerpo ( fam); ‹comida› to have sth to eat;
    ‹bebida› to have sth to drink, knock sth back ( colloq)
    en cuerpo y alma ( fam); wholeheartedly
    hacer or ir del cuerpo ( euf); to do one's business ( euph)
    logró hurtarle el cuerpo al golpe she managed to dodge the blow
    el cuerpo le pedía un descanso he felt he had to have a rest, his body was crying out for a rest
    pintar or retratar a algn de cuerpo entero: en pocas líneas pinta al personaje de cuerpo entero in a few lines she gives you a complete picture of what the character is like
    eso lo pinta de cuerpo entero that shows him in his true colors, that shows him for what he is
    sacar(le) el cuerpo a algn ( AmL fam); to steer clear of sb
    sacar(le) el cuerpo a algo ( AmL fam) (a un trabajo) to get out of sth; (a una responsabilidad) to evade o shirk sth
    suelto de cuerpo (CS fam); cool as anything ( colloq), cool as you like ( colloq)
    2 (cadáver) body, corpse
    allí encontraron su cuerpo sin vida ( frml); his lifeless body was found there
    3 (tronco) body
    Compuesto:
    corpus delicti
    B ( Dep, Equ) length
    ganó por tres cuerpos de ventaja she won by three lengths
    C
    1 (parte principal) main body
    un armario de dos cuerpos a double wardrobe
    se negaron a hacer declaraciones como cuerpo they refused to make any statement as a body o group
    su separación del cuerpo his dismissal from the force ( o service etc)
    2 (de ideas, normas) body
    Compuestos:
    corps de ballet
    fire department ( AmE), fire brigade ( BrE)
    body of teaching
    body of laws
    peace corps
    police force
    security corps
    diplomatic corps
    electorate
    legislative body
    medical corps
    E ( Fís)
    1 (objeto) body, object
    2 (sustancia) substance
    Compuestos:
    heavenly body
    compound
    foreign body
    geometric shape o figure
    element
    F (consistencia, densidad) body
    un vino de mucho cuerpo a full-bodied wine
    le da cuerpo al pelo it gives the hair body
    dar/tomar cuerpo: la escultura iba tomando cuerpo the sculpture was taking shape
    hay que dar cuerpo legal a estas asociaciones we have to give legal status to these organizations
    G ( Impr) point size
    * * *

     

    cuerpo sustantivo masculino
    1
    a) (Anat) body;


    retrato/espejo de cuerpo entero full-length portrait/mirror;
    cuerpo a cuerpo hand-to-hand

    c) (Fís) ( objeto) body, object

    2 (conjunto de personas, de ideas, normas) body;

    cuerpo de policía police force;
    cuerpo diplomático diplomatic corps
    3 (consistencia, densidad) body;


    ‹ vino› full-bodied
    cuerpo sustantivo masculino
    1 body
    2 (humano) body, (tronco humano) trunk
    3 (cadáver) corpse
    4 (de un edificio o mueble) section, part
    un armario de tres cuerpos, a wardrobe with three sections
    (de un libro, una doctrina) body
    5 (grupo) corps, force
    cuerpo de bomberos, fire brigade
    cuerpo diplomático, diplomatic corps
    ♦ Locuciones: figurado tomar cuerpo, to take shape
    a cuerpo de rey, like a king
    cuerpo a cuerpo, hand-to-hand
    de cuerpo entero, full-length
    de cuerpo presente, lying in state
    un retrato de medio cuerpo, a half portrait
    ' cuerpo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abotargarse
    - adormecerse
    - apéndice
    - caída
    - caído
    - cd
    - deformar
    - deformarse
    - delito
    - derecha
    - derecho
    - desnuda
    - desnudo
    - dilatar
    - dilatarse
    - diplomática
    - diplomático
    - el
    - encima
    - encoger
    - extraña
    - extraño
    - grasa
    - guardia
    - holgada
    - holgado
    - inclinación
    - interfecta
    - interfecto
    - línea
    - llaga
    - lugar
    - perecedera
    - perecedero
    - proporcionada
    - proporcionado
    - quiebro
    - rebanar
    - reclinar
    - silueta
    - titilar
    - vaivén
    - volverse
    - abotagado
    - asamblea
    - bola
    - bombero
    - bulto
    - cana
    - carga
    English:
    attitude
    - bar
    - beauty spot
    - bodice
    - body
    - bow
    - bruise
    - corps
    - decay
    - diplomatic corps
    - figure
    - fire brigade
    - fire department
    - force
    - full-length
    - hair
    - legislative
    - over
    - police force
    - position
    - proportionate
    - their
    - tingly
    - carcass
    - department
    - faculty
    - fellow
    - fire
    - foreign
    - full
    - length
    - profession
    - riddle
    - rigor mortis
    - wash
    * * *
    cuerpo nm
    1. [objeto material] body
    Astron cuerpo celeste heavenly body; Quím cuerpo compuesto compound;
    cuerpo extraño foreign body;
    Náut cuerpo muerto mooring buoy; Fís cuerpo negro black body; Quím cuerpo simple element
    2. [de persona, animal] body;
    el cuerpo humano the human body;
    tiene un cuerpo estupendo he's got a great body;
    ¡cuerpo a tierra! hit the ground!, get down!;
    luchar cuerpo a cuerpo to fight hand-to-hand;
    de medio cuerpo [retrato, espejo] half-length;
    de cuerpo entero [retrato, espejo] full-length;
    Fam
    a cuerpo (gentil) without a coat on;
    a cuerpo descubierto o [m5]limpio: se enfrentaron a cuerpo descubierto o [m5] limpio they fought each other hand-to-hand;
    Fam
    dejar mal cuerpo: la comida le dejó muy mal cuerpo the meal disagreed with him;
    la discusión con mi padre me dejó muy mal cuerpo the argument with my father left a bad taste in my mouth;
    en cuerpo y alma: se dedicó en cuerpo y alma a ayudar a los necesitados he devoted himself body and soul to helping the poor;
    se entrega en cuerpo y alma a la empresa she gives her all for the company;
    Fam
    demasiado para el cuerpo: ¡esta película es demasiado para el cuerpo! this movie o Br film is just great!, Br this film is the business!;
    echarse algo al cuerpo: se echó al cuerpo dos botellas de vino he downed two bottles of wine;
    Fam Euf
    hacer de cuerpo to relieve oneself;
    le metieron el miedo en el cuerpo they filled her with fear, they scared her stiff;
    Fam
    pedir algo el cuerpo: esta noche el cuerpo me pide bailar I'm in the mood for dancing tonight;
    no bebas más si no te lo pide el cuerpo don't have any more to drink if you don't feel like it;
    Am Fam
    sacarle el cuerpo a algo to get out of (doing) sth;
    RP Fam
    suelto de cuerpo as cool o nice as you like o please;
    a pesar de todo lo que le dije, después se me acercó muy suelto de cuerpo despite everything I said to him, he came up to me later as cool o nice as you like;
    Fam
    tratar a alguien a cuerpo de rey to treat sb like royalty o like a king;
    Fam
    vivir a cuerpo de rey to live like a king
    3. [tronco] trunk
    4. [parte principal] main body;
    el cuerpo del libro the main part o body of the book
    5. [densidad, consistencia] thickness;
    la tela de este vestido tiene mucho cuerpo this dress is made from a very heavy cloth;
    un vino con mucho cuerpo a full-bodied wine;
    dar cuerpo a [salsa] to thicken;
    tomar cuerpo: mover hasta que la mezcla tome cuerpo stir until the mixture thickens;
    están tomando cuerpo los rumores de remodelación del gobierno the rumoured cabinet reshuffle is beginning to look like a distinct possibility;
    el proyecto de nuevo aeropuerto va tomando cuerpo the new airport project is taking shape
    6. [cadáver] body, corpse;
    de cuerpo presente (lying) in state
    7. [corporación consular, militar] corps;
    el agente fue expulsado del cuerpo por indisciplina the policeman was thrown out of the force for indiscipline
    cuerpo de baile dance company;
    cuerpo de bomberos Br fire brigade, US fire department;
    cuerpo diplomático diplomatic corps;
    cuerpo expedicionario expeditionary force;
    cuerpo médico medical corps;
    cuerpo de policía police force
    8. [conjunto de informaciones] body;
    cuerpo de doctrina body of ideas, doctrine;
    cuerpo legal body of legislation
    9. [parte de armario, edificio] section
    10. [parte de vestido] body, bodice
    11. [en carreras] length;
    el caballo ganó por cuatro cuerpos the horse won by four lengths
    12. Der cuerpo del delito corpus delicti, = evidence of a crime or means of perpetrating it
    13. Imprenta point;
    letra de cuerpo diez ten point font
    * * *
    m
    1 body;
    cuerpo a cuerpo hand-to-hand;
    retrato de cuerpo entero/de medio cuerpo full-length/half-length portrait;
    a cuerpo de rey like a king;
    en cuerpo y alma body and soul;
    aún estaba de cuerpo presente he had not yet been buried;
    me lo pide el cuerpo I feel like it;
    hacer del cuerpo euph do one’s business
    2 de policía force;
    3
    :
    tomar cuerpo take shape
    * * *
    cuerpo nm
    1) : body
    2) : corps
    * * *
    1. (en general) body [pl. bodies]
    2. (tronco) trunk
    tomar cuerpo to take shape [pt. took; pp. taken]

    Spanish-English dictionary > cuerpo

  • 20 Blumlein, Alan Dower

    [br]
    b. 29 June 1903 Hampstead, London, England
    d. 7 June 1942
    [br]
    English electronics engineer, developer of telephone equipment, highly linear electromechanical recording and reproduction equipment, stereo techniques, video and radar technology.
    [br]
    He was a very bright scholar and received a BSc in electrical technology from City and Guilds College in 1923. He joined International Western Electric (later to become Standard Telephone and Cables) in 1924 after a period as an instructor/demonstrator at City and Guilds. He was instrumental in the design of telephone measuring equipment and in international committee work for standards for long-distance telephony.
    From 1929 Blumlein was employed by the Columbia Graphophone Company to develop an electric recording cutterhead that would be independent of Western Electric's patents for the system developed by Maxfield and Harrison. He attacked the problems in a most systematic fashion, and within a year he had developed a moving-coil cutterhead that was much more linear than the iron-cored systems known at the time. Eventually Blumlein designed a complete line of recording equipment, from microphone and through-power amplifiers. The design was used by Columbia; after the merger with the Gramophone Company in 1931 to form Electrical and Musical Industries Ltd (later known as EMI) it became the company standard, certainly for coarse-groove records, until c.1950.
    Blumlein became interested in stereophony (binaural sound), and developed and demonstrated a complete line of equipment, from correctly placed microphones via two-channel records and stereo pick-ups to correctly placed loudspeakers. The advent of silent surfaces of vinyl records made this approach commercial from the late 1950s. His approach was independent and quite different from that of A.C. Keller.
    His extreme facility for creating innovative solutions to electronic problems was used in EMI's development from 1934 to 1938 of the electronic television system, which became the BBC standard of 405 lines after the Second World War, when television broadcasting again became possible. Independent of official requirements, EMI developed a 60 MHz radar system and Blumlein was involved in the development of a centimetric radar and display system. It was during testing of this aircraft mounted equipment that he was killed in a crash.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    Blumlein was inventor or co-inventor of well over 120 patents, a complete list of which is to be found in Burns (1992; see below). The major sound-recording achievements are documented by British patent nos. 350,954, 350,998, 363,627 (highly linear cutterhead, 1930) and 394,325 (reads like a textbook on stereo technology, 1931).
    Further Reading
    The definitive biography of Blumlein has not yet been written; the material seems to have been collected, but is not yet available. However, R.W.Burns, 1992, "A.D.Blumlein, engineer extraordinary", Engineering Science and Education Journal (February): 19– 33 is a thorough account. Also B.J.Benzimra, 1967, "A.D. Blumlein: an electronics genius", Electronics \& Power (June): 218–24 provides an interesting summary.
    GB-N

    Biographical history of technology > Blumlein, Alan Dower

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