-
1 длительный допустимый ток
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > длительный допустимый ток
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2 изоляционный материал
изоляционный материал
изолятор
-
[IEV number 151-15-35]EN
insulating material
insulant
material used to prevent electric conduction between conductive elements
NOTE – In the field of electromagnetism the term "insulant" is also used as a synonym for "insulating medium".
Source: 212-01-01 MOD, IEC 60050-121
[IEV number 151-15-35]FR
isolant, m
matériau isolant, m
matériau destiné à empêcher la conduction électrique entre des éléments conducteurs
NOTE – En électromagnétisme le terme "isolant" est aussi utilisé comme synonyme de "milieu isolant".
Source: 212-01-01 MOD, CEI 60050-121
[IEV number 151-15-35]Синонимы
EN
DE
FR
- isolant, m
- matériau isolant, m
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > изоляционный материал
-
3 вулкан
вулкан
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
volcano
A vent in the surface of the Earth through which magma and associated gases and ash erupt; also, the form or structure, usually conical, that is produced by the ejected material. (Source: BJGEO)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > вулкан
-
4 звукоотражающий барьер
звукоотражающий барьер
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
noise barrier
Barriers for reducing the propagation of sound: they are widely used in industry and alongside roads and railways to shield receivers from noise sources. Barriers will not reduce the noise on the receivers side, but will increase it, unless the barrier is also covered in absorbing material. (Source: PARCOR)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > звукоотражающий барьер
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5 производство чугуна и стали
производство чугуна и стали
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
iron and steel industry
Sector of the metallurgical industry dealing with the production of cast iron, steel and iron alloys. Emissions from these industries tend to settle quickly from the atmosphere and can lead to rising concentrations in the soil. The main raw material input to the production process is iron ore. Also recycled scrap is used. (Source: FLGISA / DOBRIS)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > производство чугуна и стали
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6 формирование почвы
формирование почвы
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
soil formation
The combination of natural processes by which soils are formed. It is also known as pedogenesis. The most important soil-forming factors are parent material, terrain, climate, aspect, vegetation cover, microorganisms in the soil and the age of the land surface. Some pedologists would add to this list the influence of human activities. All the factors exhibit varying degrees of interrelationship and some are more important than others, with climate often being singled out as the most important. (Source: WHIT)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > формирование почвы
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7 шасси
шасси
-
[IEV number 151-13-06]EN
chassis
mechanical structure designed to support associated electric and electronic components
NOTE – In many cases, the chassis is made of conductive material and has also an electric function, e.g. being connected to Earth.
[IEV number 151-13-06]FR
châssis, m
structure mécanique conçue pour supporter des composants électriques et électroniques associés
NOTE – Dans de nombreux cas, un châssis est réalisé en matériau conducteur et assure aussi une fonction électrique, par exemple une liaison à la Terre.
[IEV number 151-13-06]EN
DE
FR
- châssis, m
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > шасси
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8 штыревой линейный изолятор
- Stützenisolator, m
- Freileitungsstützisolator
штыревой линейный изолятор
Линейный изолятор, состоящий из изоляционной части с арматурой в виде штыря или крюка.
Примечание. Изоляционная часть может состоять из одной или нескольких соединенных вместе деталей.
[ ГОСТ 27744-88]EN
pin insulator
rigid insulator consisting of an insulating component intended to be mounted rigidly on a supporting structure by means of a pin passing up inside the insulating component which consists of one or more pieces of insulating material permanently connected together
[IEV number 471-03-06]FR
isolateur rigide à tige
isolateur rigide composé d’une partie isolante destinée à être montée de façon rigide sur un support au moyen d’une tige pénétrant à l’intérieur de la partie isolante; il est constitué d’une ou plusieurs pièces isolantes assemblées de façon permanente
[IEV number 471-03-06]
17 - Ребро изолятора
21 - Вылет ребра изолятора
23 - Головка изолятора
24 - Паз изолятора
25 - Шейка изолятора
72 - Штырь изолятора
Штыревые изоляторы высокого напряжения состоят из двух фарфоровых деталей. Последние жестко соединяются друг с другом с помощью цементо-песчаного состава. Штыревые изоляторы армируются на металлических штырях, закрепляемых на траверсах опор. Все штыревые изоляторы обеспечивают жесткое крепление проводов на опорах.
[ http://sfel.narod.ru/Database/Izolators/Stirevie_lv_hv.htm]
Параллельные тексты EN-RUPin Insulator
The pin insulator gets its name from the fact that it is supported on a pin.
The pin holds the insulator, and the insulator has the conductor tied to it.
Pin insulators are made of either glass or porcelain.
The glass insulator is always one solid piece.
The porcelain insulator is also a one-piece insulator when used with low-voltage lines but will consist of two, three, or four layers cemented together to form a rigid unit when used on higher voltages.
[ http://constructionmanuals.tpub.com/14026/css/14026_100.htm]Штыревой линейный изолятор
Данный изолятор называют штыревым потому что он крепится на штыре.
Штырь удерживает изоляционную часть, к которой прикрепляют провод.
Изоляционную часть изготовляют из стекла или фарфора.
Стеклянная изоляционная часть всегда состоит из одной детали.
Фарфоровая изоляционная часть штыревого изолятора, применяемого в низковольтной линии электропередачи, также состоит из одной детали. В высоковольтных линиях применяют фарфоровые изоляционные части, состоящие из двух, трех или четырех жестко скрепленных деталей.
[Перевод Интент]
Тематики
Классификация
>>>Обобщающие термины
EN
DE
- Freileitungsstützisolator
- Stützenisolator, m
FR
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > штыревой линейный изолятор
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9 эластомерная изоляция
- elastomere Isolierung, f
эластомерная изоляция
изоляция из материала, который деформируется при незначительном механическом воздействии и возвращается о свое первоначальное состояние после снятия этого воздействия
Примечание. Эта изоляция обычно сшитая, но может быть также термопластичной
[IEV number 461-02-13]EN
elastomeric insulation
insulation made of a material that deforms under low mechanical stress and returns to its original state upon release of that stress
NOTE – This insulation is normally cross-linked but it may also be thermoplastic.
[IEV number 461-02-13]FR
isolation élastomère
isolation constituée d'un matériau qui se déforme sous l'action d'une faible contrainte mécanique et reprend sa forme initiale lorsque la contrainte cesse d'agir
NOTE – Cette isolation, généralement réticulée, peut être également thermoplastique.
[IEV number 461-02-13]Тематики
- кабели, провода...
EN
DE
- elastomere Isolierung, f
FR
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > эластомерная изоляция
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