marco

ENG Marco Polo's sheep

NLD Marco-Polo-schaap, Pamir-schaap

GER Pamir-Wildschaf, Marco-Polo-Schaf

FRA mouflon de Marco Polo

* * *

aestĭmātĭo, ōnis, f. [id.].

The estimating a thing according to its extrinsic (money) value, valuation, appraisement:

in censu habendo potestas omnis aestimationis habendae censori permittitur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 53: aestimatio frumenti, the determination of the prœtor ( legate or quœstor), how much ready money one should pay, instead of the corn which he was to furnish, id. ib. 2, 3, 92:

erat Athenis reo damnato, si fraus non capitalis esset, quasi poenae aestimatio,

i. e. a commutation of corporal punishment for a fine, id. de Or. 1, 54, 232.—So esp. litis or litium aestimatio, in Roman civil law, an estimating, valuation of the contested matter; in criminal law also, the stating how much the convicted person had to pay, an assessment of damages, Cic. Clu. 41, 116; id. Verr. 2, 2, 18, § 45 (cf. lis aestimata, id. ib. 1, 13):

lex de multarum aestimatione,

Liv. 4, 30.— After the civil war, Cæsar, in order to enable debtors to cancel the demands against them, decreed an aestimatio possessionum, i. e. an estimation or appraisement of real estate, according to the value which it had before the war, and compelled the creditors to take this in payment instead of money; they were also obliged to deduct from the sum demanded any interest that had been paid; v. Caes. B. C. 3, 1; and Suet. Caes. 42. Hence, in aestimationem accipere, to accept or agree to such a valuation, or payment by real estate at a high price:

a Marco Laberio C. Albinius praedia in aestimationem accepit,

Cic. Fam. 13, 8.—And meton., with an allusion to the law of Cæsar: aestimationes [p. 62] = praedia, the real estate received in payment:

quando aestimationes tuas vendere non potes,

Cic. Fam. 9, 18. Since the creditor was a loser by this regulation, aestimationem accipere, to suffer injury or loss, id. ib. 16.—

Trop.

A valuation, i. e. an estimation of a thing according to its intrinsic worth (while existimatio denotes the consideration, regard due to an object on account of its nominal value):

bonum hoc est quidem plurimi aestimandum, sed ea aestimatio genere valet, non magnitudine,

Cic. Fin. 3, 10, 34; so 3, 13, 44;

3, 6: semper aestimationem arbitriumque ejus honoris penes senatum fuisse,

Liv. 3, 63:

semper infra aliorum aestimationes se metiens,

Vell. 1, 127; 97; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 67:

aestimatione rectā severus, deterius interpretantibus tristior habebatur,

Tac. H. 1, 14 al. —

Poet., the worth or value of a thing:

Quod me non movet aestimatione,

Cat. 12, 12.

impar ( inp-), ăris ( abl. sing. impari;

but, metri grat., impare,

Verg. E. 8, 75; id. Cir. 372; gen. plur. imparium, Cels. 3, 4 al.), adj. [2. in-par], uneven, unequal, dissimilar in number or quality (cf. dispar, dissimilis).

In gen. (class.):

stellarum numerus par an impar sit, nescitur,

Cic. Ac. 2, 10, 32:

congressus impari numero,

Caes. B. C. 1, 40, 6; 1, 47, 3:

numero deus impare gaudet,

Verg. E. 8, 75 Serv.; cf.: imparem numerum antiqui prosperiorem hominibus esse crediderunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 109 Müll.:

(sonus) intervallis conjunctus imparibus,

Cic. Rep. 6, 18; cf. Lucr. 5, 683:

qui Musas amat impares,

Hor. C. 3, 19, 13:

imparibus carmina facta modis,

i. e. hexameters and pentameters, Ov. Tr. 2, 220: impares tibiae numero foraminum discretae, Paul. ex Fest. p. 109 Müll.:

ludere par impar,

even or odd, Hor. S. 2, 3, 248: mensae erat pes tertius impar:

Testa parem fecit,

Ov. M. 8, 662:

formae atque animi,

Hor. C. 1, 33, 11; cf.

formae,

id. S. 2, 2, 30:

si toga dissidet impar, Rides,

uneven, awry, id. Ep. 1, 1, 96:

acer coloribus impar,

i. e. partycolored, Ov. M. 10, 95:

quos quidem ego ambo unice diligo: sed in Marco benevolentia impari,

Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 4:

leges,

Quint. 7, 7, 6:

ad exhortationem praecipue valent imparia,

id. 5, 11, 10.—

With dat.:

nil fuit umquam sic impar sibi,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 19.—

In partic. (with the accessory notion of smaller, inferior), unequal to, not a match for, unable to cope with a thing; inferior, weaker (so perh. not till after the Aug. period).

With dat.:

Phthius Achilles, Ceteris major, tibi (Apollini) miles impar,

Hor. C. 4, 6, 5; Suet. Dom. 10:

derepente velut impar dolori congemuit,

unable to support his grief, Suet. Tib. 23:

muliebre corpus impar dolori,

Tac. A. 15, 57; cf.:

senex et levissimis quoque curis impar,

id. ib. 14, 54:

Pygmaeus bellator impar hosti,

Juv. 13, 169:

optimatium conspirationi,

Suet. Caes. 15:

militum ardori,

id. Oth. 9:

bello,

Tac. H. 1, 74:

sumptui,

Dig. 3, 5, 9:

impar tantis honoribus,

Suet. Tib. 67.—

With abl. specif. (not ante-Aug.):

sed viribus impar,

Ov. M. 5, 610; cf.:

par audaciā Romanus, consilio et viribus impar,

Liv. 27, 1, 7:

omni parte virium impar,

id. 22, 15, 9:

nec facies impar nobilitate fuit,

Ov. F. 4, 306:

Batavi impares numero,

Tac. H. 4, 20:

obsessi et impares et aqua ciboque defecti,

Quint. 3, 8, 23.—

Absol.:

juncta impari,

to an inferior in rank, Liv. 6, 34, 9; cf.:

pater consularis, avus praetorius, maternum genus impar,

Tac. H. 2, 50:

Julia Tiberium spreverat ut imparem,

not her equal in birth, id. ib. 1, 53:

simul odiorum invidiaeque erga Fabium Valentem admonebatur, ut inpar apud Vitellium gratiam viresque apud novum principem pararet,

id. ib. 2, 99.—

Inequitable, unjust:

videbam quam inpar esset sors, cum ille vobis bellum pararet, vos ei securam pacem praestaretis,

Liv. 42, 13, 5.—

Poet. transf., unequal, i. e. beyond one's strength, which one is not a match for:

judice sub Tmolo certamen venit ad impar,

to the unequal strife, Ov. M. 11, 156:

pugna,

Verg. A. 12, 216; cf.:

imparibus certare,

Hor. Epod. 11, 18.—

With inf.:

magnum opus et tangi nisi cura vincitur impar,

Grat. Cyn. 61.—

* Adv.: impărĭter, unequally:

versibus impariter junctis,

i. e. in hexameters and pentameters, Hor. A. P. 75.

impar ( inp-), ăris ( abl. sing. impari;

but, metri grat., impare,

Verg. E. 8, 75; id. Cir. 372; gen. plur. imparium, Cels. 3, 4 al.), adj. [2. in-par], uneven, unequal, dissimilar in number or quality (cf. dispar, dissimilis).

In gen. (class.):

stellarum numerus par an impar sit, nescitur,

Cic. Ac. 2, 10, 32:

congressus impari numero,

Caes. B. C. 1, 40, 6; 1, 47, 3:

numero deus impare gaudet,

Verg. E. 8, 75 Serv.; cf.: imparem numerum antiqui prosperiorem hominibus esse crediderunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 109 Müll.:

(sonus) intervallis conjunctus imparibus,

Cic. Rep. 6, 18; cf. Lucr. 5, 683:

qui Musas amat impares,

Hor. C. 3, 19, 13:

imparibus carmina facta modis,

i. e. hexameters and pentameters, Ov. Tr. 2, 220: impares tibiae numero foraminum discretae, Paul. ex Fest. p. 109 Müll.:

ludere par impar,

even or odd, Hor. S. 2, 3, 248: mensae erat pes tertius impar:

Testa parem fecit,

Ov. M. 8, 662:

formae atque animi,

Hor. C. 1, 33, 11; cf.

formae,

id. S. 2, 2, 30:

si toga dissidet impar, Rides,

uneven, awry, id. Ep. 1, 1, 96:

acer coloribus impar,

i. e. partycolored, Ov. M. 10, 95:

quos quidem ego ambo unice diligo: sed in Marco benevolentia impari,

Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 4:

leges,

Quint. 7, 7, 6:

ad exhortationem praecipue valent imparia,

id. 5, 11, 10.—

With dat.:

nil fuit umquam sic impar sibi,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 19.—

In partic. (with the accessory notion of smaller, inferior), unequal to, not a match for, unable to cope with a thing; inferior, weaker (so perh. not till after the Aug. period).

With dat.:

Phthius Achilles, Ceteris major, tibi (Apollini) miles impar,

Hor. C. 4, 6, 5; Suet. Dom. 10:

derepente velut impar dolori congemuit,

unable to support his grief, Suet. Tib. 23:

muliebre corpus impar dolori,

Tac. A. 15, 57; cf.:

senex et levissimis quoque curis impar,

id. ib. 14, 54:

Pygmaeus bellator impar hosti,

Juv. 13, 169:

optimatium conspirationi,

Suet. Caes. 15:

militum ardori,

id. Oth. 9:

bello,

Tac. H. 1, 74:

sumptui,

Dig. 3, 5, 9:

impar tantis honoribus,

Suet. Tib. 67.—

With abl. specif. (not ante-Aug.):

sed viribus impar,

Ov. M. 5, 610; cf.:

par audaciā Romanus, consilio et viribus impar,

Liv. 27, 1, 7:

omni parte virium impar,

id. 22, 15, 9:

nec facies impar nobilitate fuit,

Ov. F. 4, 306:

Batavi impares numero,

Tac. H. 4, 20:

obsessi et impares et aqua ciboque defecti,

Quint. 3, 8, 23.—

Absol.:

juncta impari,

to an inferior in rank, Liv. 6, 34, 9; cf.:

pater consularis, avus praetorius, maternum genus impar,

Tac. H. 2, 50:

Julia Tiberium spreverat ut imparem,

not her equal in birth, id. ib. 1, 53:

simul odiorum invidiaeque erga Fabium Valentem admonebatur, ut inpar apud Vitellium gratiam viresque apud novum principem pararet,

id. ib. 2, 99.—

Inequitable, unjust:

videbam quam inpar esset sors, cum ille vobis bellum pararet, vos ei securam pacem praestaretis,

Liv. 42, 13, 5.—

Poet. transf., unequal, i. e. beyond one's strength, which one is not a match for:

judice sub Tmolo certamen venit ad impar,

to the unequal strife, Ov. M. 11, 156:

pugna,

Verg. A. 12, 216; cf.:

imparibus certare,

Hor. Epod. 11, 18.—

With inf.:

magnum opus et tangi nisi cura vincitur impar,

Grat. Cyn. 61.—

* Adv.: impărĭter, unequally:

versibus impariter junctis,

i. e. in hexameters and pentameters, Hor. A. P. 75.

marcŭlus or martŭlus, i, m. dim. [marcus], a small hammer, a hammer (ante-class. and post-Aug.):

malleus vocatur, quia dum quid calet et molle est, caedit et producit: marcus, malleus major: et dictus marcus, quod major sit ad caedendum, et fortior: marcellus mediocris: marculus malleus pusillus,

Isid. Orig. 19, 7, 2;

Lucil. ib.: tegulas invenit Cinyra, et metalla aeris, item forcipem, martulum, vectem, incudem,

Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 195:

alii caelo et marculo gemmulas exsculpunt,

Front. ad Caes. 4, 4, 3 Mai.:

aerariorum marculi,

Mart. 12, 57, 6.

Marcŭlus diminutivum a Marco, Paul. ex Fest. p. 125 Müll.

marcŭlus or martŭlus, i, m. dim. [marcus], a small hammer, a hammer (ante-class. and post-Aug.):

malleus vocatur, quia dum quid calet et molle est, caedit et producit: marcus, malleus major: et dictus marcus, quod major sit ad caedendum, et fortior: marcellus mediocris: marculus malleus pusillus,

Isid. Orig. 19, 7, 2;

Lucil. ib.: tegulas invenit Cinyra, et metalla aeris, item forcipem, martulum, vectem, incudem,

Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 195:

alii caelo et marculo gemmulas exsculpunt,

Front. ad Caes. 4, 4, 3 Mai.:

aerariorum marculi,

Mart. 12, 57, 6.

Marcŭlus diminutivum a Marco, Paul. ex Fest. p. 125 Müll.

pallĕo, ui, 2, v. n. [Sanscr. palitas, gray; Gr. pellos, pelidnos, polios; cf. pullus], to be or look pale.

Lit.:

sudat, pallet,

Cic. Phil. 2, 34, 84:

pallent amisso sanguine venae,

Ov. M. 2, 824:

metu sceleris futuri,

id. ib. 8, 465:

timore,

id. F. 2, 468:

mea rugosa pallebunt ora senectā,

Tib. 3, 5, 25;

morbo,

Juv. 2, 50:

fame,

Mart. 3, 38, 12.— Esp. of lovers: palleat omnis amans;

hic est color aptus amanti,

must look pale, Ov. A. A. 1, 729; Prop. 1, 9, 17.—Also through indolence, Mart. 3, 58, 24.—

Transf.

To be or look sallow, or yellow:

saxum quoque palluit auro,

Ov. M. 11, 110:

arca palleat nummis,

Mart. 8, 44, 10; id. 9, 55, 1; so, to become turbid:

Tagus auriferis pallet turbatus arenis,

Sil. 16, 561.—

To lose its natural color, to change color, to fade:

et numquam Herculeo numine pallet ebur,

always remains white, Prop. 4 (5), 7, 82:

sidera pallent,

Stat. Th. 12, 406:

ne vitio caeli palleat aegra seges,

Ov. F. 1, 688:

pallet nostris Aurora venenis,

id. M. 7, 209: pallere diem, Luc 7, 177—

With acc.:

multos pallere colores,

to change color often, Prop. 1, 15, 39.—

Trop.

To grow pale, be sick with desire, to long for, eagerly desire any thing:

ambitione malā aut argenti pallet amore,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 78:

nummo,

Pers. 4, 47.—

To grow pale at any thing, to be anxious or fearful. —With dat.:

pueris,

i. e. on account of, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 7:

ad omnia fulgura,

Juv. 13, 223:

Marco sub judice palles?

Pers. 5, 8.—

With acc.:

scatentem Belluis pontum,

Hor. C. 3, 27, 26:

fraternos ictus,

Petr. 122; Pers. 5, 184.—

To grow pale by excessive application to a thing:

iratum Eupoliden praegrandi cum sene palles,

read yourself pale over Eupolis, Pers. 1, 124:

nunc utile multis Pallere, i. e. studere,

Juv. 7, 96:

vigilandum, nitendum, pallendum est,

of close study, Quint. 7, 10, 14.—Hence, pallens, entis, P. a., pale, wan ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Lit.:

simulacra modis pallentia miris,

Lucr. 1, 123:

umbrae Erebi,

Verg. A. 4, 26:

animae,

id. ib. 4, 242:

regna,

of the Lower World, Sil. 13, 408; cf.

undae,

i. e. the Styx, the Cocytus, Tib. 3, 5, 21:

persona,

Juv. 3, 175:

pallens morte futurā,

Verg. A. 8, 709:

pallentes terrore puellae,

Ov. A. A. 3, 487. —

Transf.

Of a faint or pale color, pale-colored, greenish, yellowish, darkcolored:

pallentes violae,

Verg. E. 2, 47:

arva,

Ov. M. 11, 145:

gemmā e viridi pallens,

Plin. 37, 8, 33, § 110:

hedera,

Verg. E. 3, 39:

herbae,

id. ib. 6, 54:

lupini,

Ov. Med. Fac. 69:

faba,

Mart. 5, 78, 10:

sol jungere pallentes equos,

Tib. 2, 5, 76:

toga,

Mart. 9, 58, 8.—

Poet., that makes pale:

morbi,

Verg. A. 6, 275:

philtra,

Ov. A. A. 2, 105:

curae,

Mart. 11, 6, 6:

oscula,

Val. Fl. 4, 701.—

Trop., pale, weak, bad:

fama,

pale, Tac. Or. 13 fin.:

mores,

bad, vicious, Pers. 5, 15.

prae-nōmen, ĭnis, n.

Lit., the name which stood before the name of the gens, the first name, prœnomen, usually abbreviated;

thus, in M. Tullius Cicero, Marcus is the prænomen, as A. = Aulus, C. = Caius, Cn. = Cnaeus, etc.: Quintilius cum filio, cui Marco praenomen erat,

Liv. 30, 18, 5:

quod sine praenomine familiariter ad me epistulam misisti,

Cic. Fam. 7, 32, 1:

Quinte, puta, aut Publi (gaudent praenomine molles Auriculae),

Hor. S. 2, 5, 32:

praenominibus feminas esse appellatas testimonio sunt Caecilia et Tarracia, quae ambae Gaiae solitae sint appellari, pari modo Lucia et Titia,

Fest. p. 224 Müll.: pueris non prius, quam togam virilem sumerent, puellis non antequam nuberent, praenomina imponi moris fuisse, Q. Scaev. ap. Auct. Epit. Nom. Rat., Huschke, Jurisp. ante-Just. p. 16 sq.—

Transf., in gen., an appellation or title placed before a person's name:

praenomen Imperatoris,

Suet. Caes. 76; id. Tib. 26; id. Claud. 12.