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121 manufacture
[mænju'fæk ə] 1. verb1) (to make, originally by hand but now usually by machinery and in large quantities: This firm manufactures cars at the rate of two hundred per day.) izdelovati2) (to invent (something false): He manufactured an excuse for being late.) izmisliti si2. noun(the process of manufacturing: the manufacture of glass.) izdelovanje* * *I [mænjufaekčə]nounizdelovanje, proizvodnja, produkcija; izdelek, proizvod, fabrikat; veja industrije; derogatory fabriciranje (člankov)economy manufactures — industrijski izdelkiII [mænjufaekčə]transitive verbizdelovati, proizvajatipredelati ( — into v)derogatory fabricirati, izmisliti si (opravičilo), ponarediti (dokaze); economy manufactured goods — industrijski izdelkieconomy manufactured article — industrijski proizvod -
122 monopoly
[mə'nopəli]plural - monopolies; noun(the sole right of making or selling something etc: This firm has a local monopoly of soap-manufacturing.) monopol- monopolise* * *[mənɜpəli]nouneconomy monopol; figuratively izključna pravica do česa (of) -
123 manufacture
• saada aikaan• tuotos• tuottaa• valmistaminen• valmistus• valmiste• valmistaa (teht.)• valmistaa• rakentaa• tehdä• tehdas• muodostaa• laatia• luoda* * *mænju'fæk ə 1. verb1) (to make, originally by hand but now usually by machinery and in large quantities: This firm manufactures cars at the rate of two hundred per day.) valmistaa2) (to invent (something false): He manufactured an excuse for being late.) tekaista2. noun(the process of manufacturing: the manufacture of glass.) valmistus -
124 monopoly
finance, business, economy• monopoli• yksinoikeus* * *mə'nopəliplural - monopolies; noun(the sole right of making or selling something etc: This firm has a local monopoly of soap-manufacturing.) monopoli- monopolise -
125 costruzione
f building, constructiongrammar construction* * *costruzione s.f.1 ( il costruire, edificazione) construction, building; manufacture: la costruzione di un ponte, the construction of a bridge; la costruzione di una macchina, the manufacture of a car; licenza di costruzione, building licence; materiali da costruzione, building materials; è in costruzione una nuova strada, a new road is under construction; quando la nostra casa era in costruzione, when our house was being built; un ponte di solida costruzione, a solidly built bridge // difetto di costruzione, fault in construction; fault in manufacturing // impresa di costruzione, building firm (o builders o contractors)2 ( edificio) building: costruzione in acciaio, steel frame building; costruzione antisismica, earthquake-proof building3 (gramm.) construction.* * *[kostrut'tsjone]sostantivo femminile1) (edificio) building, construction2) (edificazione) building, construction; (di ferrovia) laying3) ind. construction, building, manufacturein costruzione — under o in the course of construction
4) ling. constructioncostruzione della frase — (struttura) word order
5) (gioco)* * *costruzione/kostrut'tsjone/sostantivo f.1 (edificio) building, construction2 (edificazione) building, construction; (di ferrovia) laying; edificio di recente costruzione new building; materiali da costruzione building materials3 ind. construction, building, manufacture; costruzione navale shipbuilding; in costruzione under o in the course of construction5 (gioco) una scatola di -i a set of building blocks. -
126 innovare
innovare v.tr. to make* innovations in (sthg.), to innovate, to renew, to change, to reform // (econ.): innovare il processo produttivo, to renew the manufacturing process; innovare un'azienda, to reorganize a firm.* * *[inno'vare] 1.verbo transitivo to renew, to reform [ ordinamento]2.* * *innovare/inno'vare/ [1]to renew, to reform [ ordinamento]II innovarsi verbo pronominaleto innovate, to be* renewed. -
127 reparto
m department* * *reparto s.m.1 department, division; ( di ospedale) ward: reparto maternità, maternity ward; reparto neonati, hospital nursery; il reparto calzature, the shoe department; reparto vendite, sales department; reparto servizi ( di una azienda), service department (of a firm); reparto acquisti, purchasing division; reparto esportazione, export department; reparto imballaggio e spedizione, packing and despatch (o shipping) department; reparto lavorazione, manufacturing department; reparto pubblicità, advertising department; reparto contabilità, accounting department // (inform.) reparto EDP, meccanografico, punch card shop (o punch card department)* * *[re'parto]sostantivo maschile1) (di impresa, amministrazione) department, division; (di fabbrica) floor; (di officina) shopcapo reparto — departmental chief; (di fabbrica) factory supervisor
2) (di grandi magazzini) department, section3) (di ospedale) department, ward4) mil. unit, party* * *reparto/re'parto/sostantivo m.1 (di impresa, amministrazione) department, division; (di fabbrica) floor; (di officina) shop; reparto amministrativo administrative department; reparto vendite sales (division); reparto di montaggio assembly shop; capo reparto departmental chief; (di fabbrica) factory supervisor2 (di grandi magazzini) department, section3 (di ospedale) department, ward; reparto maternità maternity ward4 mil. unit, party. -
128 spesa
f expensefare la spesa do the shoppingfare spese go shoppingspese pl di produzione production costsspese pl di pubblicità advertising costsa proprie spese at one's own expense* * *spesa s.f.1 expense, expenditure; spending; ( costo) cost, outlay; charge, fee: spese di manutenzione, maintenance charges (o upkeep expenses); spese di riparazione, cost of repairs; spese di viaggio, travelling expenses; spese domestiche, household expenses; spese minute, petty expenses; spese vive, out-of-pocket expenses; spese scolastiche, school fees; ci fu una spesa di 25.000 euro per le nuove attrezzature, there was an expenditure (o outlay) of 25,000 euros on (o for) new fittings; sta facendo grandi spese, he is spending a lot of money; far fronte a una spesa, to meet an expense; sostenere le spese di qlco., to bear the cost of (o to pay for) sthg.; far sostenere spese a qlcu., to put s.o. to expense; coprire le spese, to cover the cost; ridurre le spese, to cut down one's expenses // a proprie spese, at one's own expense, (fig.) to one's cost; imparare a proprie spese, to learn at one's cost; a spese altrui, (anche fig.) at other people's expense; non badare a spese, to spare no expense: non bada a spese, he spares no expense (o money is no object for him) // fare le spese di qlco., (fig.) to pay for sthg. // essere di poca spesa, (fig.) to be undemanding // stare sulla spesa, to support (o to keep) oneself // (amm.): spese di bollo, stamp dues; spese di registro, registration dues; spese fisse, standing expenses; spese generali, overheads (o overhead expenses); spese ordinarie, ordinary charges (o recurring expenses); spese straordinarie, supplementari, addizionali, extra (o additional) expenses (o costs o charges); spese varie, sundry expenses (o charges); spese amministrative, administrative expenses; a spese pubbliche, at public expense // (econ.): spese correnti, current (o running) expenses; spese di fabbricazione, manufacturing costs; spese di produzione, production expenses (o expenses of production); spese di gestione, di esercizio, operating (o running) costs; spese di manodopera, labour costs; spese fisse, fixed charges; spesa in conto capitale, capital expenditure (o spending); spesa per consumi, consumer expenditure; spesa per investimenti, investment outlays; spese previste dal budget, budgetary expenditure; incorrere in grandi spese, to incur great expenses; spesa nazionale lorda, gross national expenditure; spesa di avviamento, start-up costs (o organization expenses); spesa pubblica, public (o government) expenditure; spesa pubblica in disavanzo, deficit spending // (comm.): spese assegnate, charges forward; spese di trasporto, freightage (o carriage o transport charges); spesa di trasferta, travelling expenses; spese d'incasso, collection expenses; spese promozionali, promotion expenses; comprese le spese, charges included (o inclusive of charges); escluse le spese, charges excluded (o exclusive of charges) // (fin.): spese di emissione, issue (o floatation) costs; spese iniziali a carico di sottoscrittori di fondi, front and fees // (dir.): con spese, with charges; senza spese, without charges // (mar.): spese di sbarco, landing charges; spese di stivaggio, stowage; spese portuali, port charges2 ( acquisto) buy; purchase: questo mobile è stato una bella spesa, this piece of furniture was a good buy3 ( compera) shopping: la lista della spesa, the shopping list; la borsa della spesa, shopping bag; fare la spesa, to do the shopping; faccio la spesa nei negozi vicino a casa, I do the shopping in the shops near home; andare a fare spese, to go shopping.* * *['spesa]1. sfcon la modica spesa di 1000 euro — for the modest sum o outlay of 1,000 euros
ridurre le spese — (gen) to cut down (on spending), Comm to reduce expenditure
a mie spese fig — at my expense
2) (acquisto) buy, purchase, (fam : compere) shopping no pl2.* * *['spesa]sostantivo femminile1) (costo) expenditure, expense, cost, spending U-e per l'elettricità, il telefono — electricity, telephone charges
- e per l'istruzione, la difesa — expenditure o spending on education, defence
-e di trasporto, di manodopera — transport, labour costs
dividere, tagliare le -e — to share the costs, to cut costs
2) (compere) shopping Ulista, borsa della spesa — shopping list, bag
fare la spesa — to do the o some shopping
andare a fare la spesa — to go shopping o to the shops
3) (acquisto)4) a spese dia -e dello stato o della comunità at public expense; la trasferta è a -e della società business travel is chargeable to the company; vivere a -e di qcn. — to live off sb
•spesa pubblica — public expenditure o spending, government spending
- e correnti — current expenditure, running expenses
- e doganali — customs expenses o charges
spesa processuali — dir. (legal) costs
- e di spedizione — forwarding o shipping charges, postage
••imparare qcs. a proprie -e — to learn sth. the hard way o at one's own expense o at one's cost
* * *spesa/'spesa/sostantivo f.1 (costo) expenditure, expense, cost, spending U; -e per l'elettricità, il telefono electricity, telephone charges; - e per l'istruzione, la difesa expenditure o spending on education, defence; -e di trasporto, di manodopera transport, labour costs; dividere, tagliare le -e to share the costs, to cut costs; sostenere forti -e to incur heavy costs; non badare a -e to spare no expense2 (compere) shopping U; lista, borsa della spesa shopping list, bag; fare la spesa to do the o some shopping; andare a fare la spesa to go shopping o to the shops3 (acquisto) questa gonna è stata una buona spesa this skirt was a good buy4 a spese di a -e dello stato o della comunità at public expense; la trasferta è a -e della società business travel is chargeable to the company; vivere a -e di qcn. to live off sb.imparare qcs. a proprie -e to learn sth. the hard way o at one's own expense o at one's cost\spesa pubblica public expenditure o spending, government spending; - e bancarie bank charges; - e correnti current expenditure, running expenses; - e doganali customs expenses o charges; - e fisse standing charge; spesa processuali dir. (legal) costs; - e sociali welfare spending; - e di spedizione forwarding o shipping charges, postage; - e straordinarie nonrecurring expenses.
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