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41 тестоприготовительный агрегат
1) Engineering: dough-maker, doughmaker2) Makarov: doughing plantУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > тестоприготовительный агрегат
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42 устройство
1) General subject: appliance, application, arrangement, banking, conformation, constitution, device, equipment, establishment, fabric, facility, fix-up, get-up, installation, mechanism, organization, rig, set, set-up, settlement, structure, system, layout, instance3) Medicine: apparatus, attachment, unit5) Engineering: assembly, element, feature, gear, machine, means, project, station, technology, widget7) Construction: contrivance, installation of flooring, tray8) Mathematics: a means for, computer, contraption10) Railway term: accommodation, piece of apparatus, plant11) Economy: fitment12) Automobile industry: convenience, mechanism13) Diplomatic term: system (политическое и т.п.)14) Forestry: instrument15) Metallurgy: mean16) Telecommunications: engine17) Electronics: storage device18) Jargon: kadigin-thingamajig, kajody, doodad, dudenwhacker, wham-ditty, jigalorum, jigger, jiggus, jiggum, jobber, jobby, fakus, whing-ding, wing-ding, wingdoodie, dingus, diddenwhacker, sucker, dojigger, doojigger, domajigger, domajiggus, doowacky, thumadoodle, gazinkus, gazunkus, geegaw, googaw, gigamaree, goofus, rinctum19) Information technology: communication device21) Astronautics: set up22) Mechanic engineering: tackle23) Metrology: agency, instrumentality24) Patents: apparatus (патентоспособными объектами являются устройства, способы, вещества, а не аппараты, машины, методы и т.д.), appliance (напр. электрическое), installment25) Business: disposal27) Automation: (вспомогательное) aid, (механическое) contrivance28) Quality control: construction, (новое) gadget, set (часть системы, имеющая самостоятельное эксплуатационное назначение)29) Robots: prototype hardware30) Cables: facilities, facility (facilities)31) Makarov: app ( apparatus), apparatus (приспособление, механизм), apparatus (приспособление, механизм и т.п.), arrangement (конструкция, расположение), arrangement (приспособление, механизм), arrangement (расположение), arrangement device (приспособление, механизм и т.п.), design (конструкция), design (конструкция, расположение), device (приспособление, механизм), equipment (приспособление, механизм), equipment (приспособление, механизм и т.п.), facility (приспособление, механизм), facility (приспособление, механизм и т.п.), gear (приспособление, механизм), gear (приспособление, механизм и т.п.), ink monitoring apparatus, maker, means (приспособление, механизм), means (приспособление, механизм и т.п.), mechanism (механическое), provision, setup (расположение) -
43 маслоизготовитель
butter working machine, buttermaker, churn, butter maker, ( установка) butter-making plant, churn worker* * *маслоизготови́тель м.
buttermaker, buttermaking machine, working churnбезвальцо́вый маслоизготови́тель — rollerless butter churnвальцо́вый маслоизготови́тель — roller-type butter churn* * *Русско-английский политехнический словарь > маслоизготовитель
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44 reise
f; -, -n trip; längere: auch journey; NAUT. voyage; (Überfahrt) passage ( alle nach + Akk to); (Rundreise) tour (in + Dat of); eine Reise machen make ( oder go on) a journey; auf der Reise on the journey; auf der Reise nach... on the way to...; jemanden / etw. mit auf die Reise nehmen take s.o. / s.th. with one (on the journey); eine Reise ans Meer / in die Berge a trip to the sea / into the mountains; wie war die Reise nach Ungarn? how was your trip to Hungary?; eine Reise durch die USA a tour ( oder trip) of ( oder through) the USA; eine Reise um die Welt a voyage ( oder trip) around the world; Goethes erste Schweizer Reise Goethe’s first Swiss journey; die Reisen des Marco Polo the travels of Marco Polo; gute Reise! have a pleasant journey!, have a good trip!; sie war auf Reisen she was travel(l)ing; viel auf Reisen sein do a lot of travel(l)ing; er ist mal wieder auf Reisen he’s off on his trips again; wohin geht die Reise? where are you off to?; fig. what’s on the agenda?; eine Reise in die Vergangenheit a journey into the past; persönliche: a walk down memory lane; eine Reise in den Tod a journey ending in death; seine letzte Reise antreten fig. set off on one’s last journey, go to meet one’s Maker; jemanden auf die letzte Reise schicken fig. give s.o. a good send-off umg.; jemanden auf die Reise schicken fig., SPORT (Läufer, Fahrer) send s.o. on his ( oder her) way; (Mitspieler durch Vorlage) release s.o. (with a long pass); wenn einer eine Reise tut, da kann er was erzählen Sprichw. the travel(l)er has many a tale to tell* * *die Reisetravel; journey; tour; trip; voyage* * *Rei|se ['raizə]f -, -njourney, trip; (= Schiffsreise) voyage; (SPACE) voyage, journey; (= Geschäftsreise) tripseine Réísen durch Europa — his travels through Europe
seine Réíse nach Spanien — his trip to Spain
eine Réíse mit der Eisenbahn/dem Auto — a train/car journey, a journey by rail/car
eine Réíse zu Schiff — a sea voyage
er plant eine Réíse durch Afrika — he's planning to travel through Africa
eine Réíse machen — to go on a journey
wir konnten die geplante Réíse nicht machen — we couldn't go away as planned
er hat in seinem Leben viele interessante Réísen gemacht — he has travelled (Brit) or traveled (US) to a lot of interesting places in his lifetime
wann machst du die nächste Réíse? — when are you off (on your travels) again?, when's the next trip?
ich muss mal wieder eine Réíse machen — I must go away again
die Réíse nach Afrika habe ich allein gemacht — I travelled (Brit) or traveled (US) to Africa by myself
er ist viel auf Réísen — he does a lot of travelling (Brit) or traveling (US)
jeden Sommer gehen wir auf Réísen — we go away every summer
er geht viel auf Réísen — he travels a lot
jdn auf die Réíse schicken — to see sb off on his/her journey
etw auf die Réíse schicken (Brief etc) — to send sth off
wohin geht die Réíse? — where are you off to?
glückliche or gute Réíse! — bon voyage!, have a good journey!
wenn einer eine Réíse tut, so kann er was erzählen (prov) — strange things happen when you're abroad
Gullivers Réísen (Liter) — Gulliver's Travels
* * *die1) (a distance travelled, especially over land; an act of travelling: By train, it is a two-hour journey from here to the coast; I'm going on a long journey.) journey2) (the visiting of foreign countries etc: She's off on her travels again.) travels3) (a usually long journey, especially by sea: The voyage to America used to take many weeks.) voyage* * *Rei·se<-, -n>[ˈraizə]wie war die \Reise mit dem Zug? how was the journey by train?die \Reise mit dem Schiff nach Singapur war sehr angenehm the voyage by ship to Singapore was very pleasantwir freuen uns auf die nächste \Reise an die See we're looking forward to our next trip to the seasideeine \Reise wert sein to be worth going toPrag ist sicher eine \Reise wert Prague is certainly worth a visitauf \Reisen gehen to travelendlich kann ich es mir leisten, auf \Reisen zu gehen I can finally afford to traveldie \Reise geht nach... he/she/we, etc. is/are off to...„du verreist? wohin geht denn die \Reise?“ “you're going away? where are you off to?”eine \Reise machen to go on a journey* * *die; Reise, Reisen journey; (kürzere Fahrt, GeschäftsReise) trip; (Ausflug) outing; excursion; trip; (SchiffsReise) voyageeine Reise mit dem Auto/der Eisenbahn — a journey by car/train; a car/train journey
eine Reise zur See — a sea voyage; (Kreuzfahrt) a cruise
eine Reise machen — make a journey/go on a trip/an outing
auf Reisen sein — travel; (nicht zu Hause sein) be away
glückliche od. gute Reise! — have a good journey
* * *…reise f im subst:Asienreise trip to Asia; (Rundreise) tour of Asia;Mittelmeerreise Mediterranean cruise;Romreise trip to Rome, Rome trip;Individualreise journey on one’s own, solo trip* * *die; Reise, Reisen journey; (kürzere Fahrt, GeschäftsReise) trip; (Ausflug) outing; excursion; trip; (SchiffsReise) voyageeine Reise mit dem Auto/der Eisenbahn — a journey by car/train; a car/train journey
eine Reise zur See — a sea voyage; (Kreuzfahrt) a cruise
eine Reise machen — make a journey/go on a trip/an outing
auf Reisen sein — travel; (nicht zu Hause sein) be away
glückliche od. gute Reise! — have a good journey
* * *-n f.journey n.voyage n. -
45 Herstellungsvertrag
Herstellungsvertrag
manufacturing agreement;
• Herstellungsvorschriften production prescriptions;
• Herstellungswerk manufacturing enterprise (establishment, plant);
• Herstellungswert production value, (Selbstkosten) value at cost, cost value, prime cost;
• mit einem Herstellungswert von... zu Buch stehen to stand at cost at...;
• Herstellungszeichen [maker’s] brand, trademark;
• Herstellungszeit period of production, production time. -
46 jabonera
adj.&f.feminine of JABONERO.f.1 soap dish.2 soapdish, soap dish.3 soapwort.4 soap plant, soap factory.* * *1 soap dish2 BOTÁNICA soapwort* * *SF soapdish* * *femenino soap dish* * *femenino soap dish* * *soap dish* * *
jabonera sustantivo femenino
soap dish
jabonera sustantivo femenino soapdish
' jabonera' also found in these entries:
English:
soap
* * *jabonera nfsoap dish* * *f soap dishI adj soap atrII m, jabonera f soap maker* * *jabonera nf: soap dish* * *jabonera n soap dish -
47 अस्त्रम् _astram
अस्त्रम् [अस्यते क्षिप्यते अस् ष्ट्रन् Uṇ.4.158.]1 A missile; a weapon in general; प्रयुक्तमप्यस्त्रमितो वृथा स्यात् R.2.34; प्रत्याहतास्त्रो गिरिशप्रभावात् 2.41;3.58; अशिक्षतास्त्रं पितुरेव R.3.31 the science of missiles. महर्षेरग्निवेशस्य सकाशमह- मच्युत । अस्त्रार्थमगमं पूर्वं धनुर्वेदचिकीर्षया ॥ Mb.1.131.4. धनुर्वेद- संहिता mentions various kinds of missiles (179-82) as ब्रह्मास्त्र, ब्रह्मदण्डक, ब्रह्मशिरस, पाशुपत, वायव्य, आग्नेय, नारसिंह &c.-2 An arrow; sword.-3 A bow.-Comp. -अ (आ) गारम् an arsenal, armoury.-आघातः a wound, a cut (made by a weapon).- आहत a. struck, wounded, killed.-कष्टक [अस्त्रं कण्टक इव] an arrow.-कारः, -कारकः, -कारिन् a maker of weapons.-क्षेपक a. shooting arrows.-ग्रामः A heap or collection of different missiles or weapons; Ve.-चिकित्सक a. surgeon.-चिकित्सा surgery.-जित् m. N. of a plant.-जीवः, -जीविन्. m.-धारिन् m. a soldier, professional warrior.-धारणम् the bearing of arms.-निवारणम् the warding of a weapon.-पातिन् A gunner; अस्त्रपातिभिरावृतम् Śukra.4.137.-भृत् m. A shooter; Rām.5.-मन्त्रः a Mantra to be repeated in discharging or withdrawing a missile; संमोहनं नाम सखे ममास्त्रं प्रयोग- संहारविभक्तमन्त्रम् R.5.57,59.-मर्जः, -र्जकः a furbisher.यन्त्रम् A kind of missile (कंचिन्मर्मदेशमाक्षिप्य येन शत्रोरुत्क्षेपणमपक्षेपणं च क्रियते तदस्त्रयन्त्रम् । इति नीलकण्ठः) Mb.9.57.18.-युद्धम् fighting with weapons.-लाघवम् dexterity in wielding or throwing missiles.-विद् a. skilled in the science of arms.-विद्या, -शास्त्रम्, -वेदः the art of science of throwing missiles, military science, science of arms; अस्त्रवेदमधिगम्य तत्त्वतः Ki.13.62, U.6.9.-वृष्टि f. a shower of missiles.-शस्त्रम् all sorts of weapons.-शिक्षा military exercise.-सायकः 1 an iron arrow.-2 the नाराच missile.-हीन a. unarmed. -
48 माला _mālā
माला [मल् संज्ञायां कर्तरि घञ्]1 A garland, wreath, chaplet; अनधिगतपरिमलापि हि हरति दृशं मालतीमाला Vās.-2 A row, line, series, succession; गण़्डोट्टीनालिमाला Māl.1.1; आवद्धमालाः Me.9.-3 A group, cluster, collection.-4 A string, necklace; as in रत्नमाला.-5 A rosary, chain; as in अक्षमाला.-6 A streak; as in तडिन्माला, विद्युन्माला.-7 A series of epithets.-8 (In dramas) The offering of several things to obtain a wish.-9 A vocabulary, dictionary.-Comp. -उपमा a variety of Upamā or simile, in which one Upameya is compared to several Upamānas; e. g. अनयेनेव राज्यश्रीर्दैन्येनेव मनस्विता । मम्लौ साथ विषादेन पद्मिनीव हिमाम्भसा K. P.1.-कण्टः N. of a plant (अपामार्ग).-करः, -कारः 1 a garland-maker, florist, gardener; कृती मालाकारो बकुलमपि कुत्रापि निदधे Bv.1.54; Pt.1.22.-2 the tribe of gardeners.-गुणः a necklace. ˚परिक्षिप्ता a marriageable woman.-गुणा a species of venomous spider.-तृणम् a kind of fragrant grass.-दीपकम् a variety of दीपक; Mammaṭa thus defines it:-- मालादीपक- माद्यं चेद्यथोत्तरगुणावहम् K. P.1; see the example given ad loc.-धर a. wearing a garland.-रम् a kind of metre. -
49 monde
monde [mɔ̃d]masculine nouna. world• où va le monde ? whatever is the world coming to?• envoyer or expédier qn dans l'autre monde to send sb to meet his (or her) maker• c'est le monde à l'envers ! whatever next!• le monde est petit ! it's a small world!• c'est un monde ! (inf) it's just not right!• musique/cuisine du monde world music/food• pas le moins du monde ! not at all!• ce village, c'est le bout du monde that village is in the middle of nowhere• ce n'est pas le bout du monde ! ( = ce n'est rien) it won't kill you!b. ( = gens) est-ce qu'il y a du monde ? ( = quelqu'un) is there anybody there? ; ( = foule) are there many people there?• il y avait un monde fou ! (inf) the place was packed!c. ( = milieu social) set* * *mɔ̃dnom masculin1) gén worldaller or voyager de par le monde, parcourir le monde — to travel the world
il irait jusqu'au bout du monde pour la retrouver — he would go to the ends of the earth to find her again
c'est le bout du monde!, c'est au bout du monde! — it's in the back of beyond!
ce n'est pas le bout du monde! — fig it' s not such a big deal!
elle n'est plus de ce monde — euph she's no longer with us euph
quand je ne serai plus de ce monde — euph when I have departed this world
je n'étais pas encore au monde — I wasn't yet born; grand
2) ( milieu) worldun monde nous sépare — we are worlds apart; nouveau
3) ( gens) peoplej'ai du monde ce soir — (colloq) I'm having people round GB ou over US tonight
4) ( bonne société) societyle beau or grand monde — high society
••c'est un monde! — (colloq) that's a bit much!
* * *mɔ̃d nm1) (= planète) world2) (= bonne société)femme du monde — socialite, society woman
3) (= milieu) world4) (= gens)beaucoup de monde — many people, a lot of people
Il y avait beaucoup de monde au concert. — There were a lot of people at the concert.
peu de monde — not many people, few people
* * *monde nm1 ( terre) world; l'homme le plus grand/le plus riche du monde the tallest/the wealthiest man in the world; ce sont les meilleurs amis du monde they are the best of friends; expliquer le plus calmement/logiquement du monde que to explain quite calmly/logically that; pas le moins du monde not in the least ou slightest; si vous êtes le moins du monde soucieux if you are (in) the least bit worried; s'il souffrait le moins du monde if he felt any pain at all ou the slightest pain; se porter le mieux du monde to be fine; au monde gén on earth, in the world; personne/rien au monde ne la fera changer d'avis she won't change her mind for anybody/anything; pour rien au monde il ne raterait le match he wouldn't miss the match for anything; dans le monde entier all over the world; à travers le monde throughout the world; aller or voyager de par le monde liter, parcourir le monde to travel the world; il irait jusqu'au bout du monde pour la retrouver he would go to the ends of the earth to find her again; c'est le bout du monde!, c'est au bout du monde! it's miles from anywhere!, it's in the back of beyond!; mon père habite à l'autre bout du monde my father lives halfway around the world; ce n'est pas le bout du monde! fig it's not such a big deal!; comme le monde est petit! it's a small world!; ⇒ métier;2 ( société humaine) world; la faim/paix dans le monde world famine/peace; être les premiers au monde à faire to be the first in the world to do; vouloir refaire le monde to want to change the world ; être ouvert sur le monde to be aware of what is going on in the world; se retirer du monde to withdraw from the world; à la face du monde for all the world to see;3 ( ici-bas) les biens de ce monde worldly goods; en ce bas monde here below; l'autre monde the next world, the world to come; elle n'est plus de ce monde euph she's no longer with us euph; quand je ne serai plus de ce monde euph when I have departed this world; la perfection n'est pas de ce monde there is no such thing as perfection; le monde des vivants the land of the living; je n'étais pas encore au monde I wasn't yet born; ⇒ grand;4 (microcosme, section) world; le monde du travail/des idées the world of work/of ideas; le monde arabe/médical the Arab/medical world; le monde libre the free world; le monde moderne the modern world; le monde animal the animal kingdom; ils ne sont pas du même monde ( milieu) they are from different social backgrounds; c'est un monde à part it's a completely different world; cet événement marqua la fin d'un monde this event marked the end of an era; ⇒ ancien;5 ( gens) people; il y a du monde ( une foule) there are a lot of people; ( des gens) there's someone there; de plus en plus de monde more and more people; il n'y a pas grand monde there aren't many people; tout le monde everybody, everyone; voir beaucoup de monde to have a busy social life ; j'ai du monde ce soir○ I'm having people round GB ou over US tonight; elle se moque or se fout◑ du monde! what does she take us for?; tout mon petit monde my family and friends (pl); réunir tout son monde ( entourage) to get everyone together;6 ( bonne société) society; sortir dans le monde to go out into society; le beau or grand monde high society;7 ( écart) il y a un monde entre there's a world of difference between; un monde nous sépare, il y a un monde entre nous we are worlds apart.mettre un enfant au monde to bring a child into the world; venir au monde to come into the world; se faire (tout) un monde de qch to get all worked up about sth; ainsi va le monde that's the way it goes; depuis que le monde est monde since the beginning of time; il faut de tout pour faire un monde Prov it takes all sorts to make a world Prov; c'est le monde à l'envers! the world's turned upside down!; c'est un monde○! that's a bit much![mɔ̃d] nom masculin1. [univers] worldil est connu dans le monde entier he's known worldwide ou the world overil n'est plus de ce monde he's no longer with us, he's gone to the next worlden ce bas monde here on earth, here belowdepuis que le monde est monde since the beginning of time, since the world beganc'est le monde renversé ou à l'envers! what's the world coming to?2. [humanité] worldtout le monde everybody, everyonetout le monde sait cela everybody ou the whole world knows that3. [pour intensifier]le plus célèbre au ou du monde the most famous in the worldle plus simplement/gentiment du monde in the simplest/kindest possible wayc'est ce que j'aime/je veux le plus au monde it's what I love/want most in the worldpour rien au monde not for anything, not for the worldnul ou personne au monde nobody in the worldon m'a dit tout le bien du monde de ce nouveau shampooing I've been told the most wonderful things about this new shampoo4. [communauté] worldle monde de la finance the world of finance, the financial worldle monde capitaliste/communiste the capitalist/communist worldle monde animal/végétal the animal/plant world5. [gens] people (pluriel)il y a du monde? [en entrant chez quelqu'un] is there anybody home ou there?il y a un monde fou, c'est noir de monde the place is swarming ou alive with peopletu attends du monde? are you expecting people ou company?ne t'en fais pas, je connais mon monde! don't worry, I know who I'm dealing with!grand-mère aime bien avoir tout son petit monde autour d'elle grandmother likes to have all her family ou brood (humoristique) around herc'est qu'il faut s'en occuper de tout ce petit monde! [enfants] all that little lot takes some looking after!tu te moques ou fiches (familier) ou fous (familier) du monde! you've got a nerve ou a bloody nerve!6. [société] world[classes élevées]le (beau) ou grand monde high societyfréquenter le beau ou grand monde to mix with high society ou in societygens du monde socialites, society people8. PRESSE9. (locution)pourquoi ne ranges-tu jamais tes affaires, c'est un monde tout de même! (familier) why in the world ou why oh why don't you ever put your things away? -
50 कार
kāra
making, doing, working, a maker, doer
(ifc. seeᅠ kumbha-k-, yajñak-, suvarṇa-k-);
an author (e.g.. vārttika-k-);
m. (ifc.) an act, action ( seeᅠ kāma-k-, purusha-k-);
the term used in designating a letter orᅠ sound orᅠ indeclinable word (e.g.. a-k-, ka-k-, qq.vv.;
eva-k-, the word eva;
phūt-k- q.v.) Prāt. Mn. etc.;
effort, exertion L. ;
determination L. ;
religious austerity L. ;
a husband, master, lord L. ;
(as orᅠ ā) m. orᅠ f. act of worship, song of praise Divyāv. ;
(ī) f. N. of a plant (= kārikā, kāryā etc.) L. ;
2) m. (= 2. kara) tax, toll, royal revenue Pāṇ. 6-3, 10 ;
a heap of snow orᅠ a mountain covered with it L. ;
(mfn.) produced by hail Suṡr. ;
kārá
a battle song RV. ;
4) m. (2. kṛī), killing, slaughter L. ;
- कारकर
- कारावर
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51 kuvalaattalaitos
printing (graphic) industry• process engraving plantprinting (graphic) industry• block maker -
52 boiler
1) паровой котел2) котел -
53 ice
12 -
54 patagiarius
pătăgĭārĭus, ii, m. [patagium], a border-maker, Plant. Aul. 3, 5, 35; Inscr. Don. cl. 8, n. 78; ct. Fest. s. v. patagium, p. 221 Müll. -
55 generator
1. n производитель2. n тех. генератор; источник энергии3. n тех. амер. паровой котёл4. n тех. датчик5. n тех. воен. установка для задымления местности6. n муз. нижний звук аккорда, прима7. n муз. первый частичный тон звукаСинонимический ряд:1. father (noun) architect; author; creator; father; founder; inventor; maker; originator; patriarch; sire2. generator of electric power (noun) dynamo; dynamo-electric machine; generator of electric power; source of power -
56 parent
1. n родитель; родительница2. n праотец, предокour first parents — наши прародители, Адам и Ева
3. n биол. родитель, животное или растение, от которого произошли другиеparent echelon — звено, к которому относится данный склад
4. n источник, причина5. n вышестоящий органparent directory — родительский каталог; вышестоящий каталог
Синонимический ряд:1. ancestor (noun) ancestor; antecedent; ascendant; forebear; forefather; predecessor; progenitor2. author (noun) architect; author; creator; founder; inventor; maker; originator3. genitor (noun) dam; father; forbear; genitor; matriarch; mother; patriarch; sire4. source (noun) forerunner; fountainhead; mainspring; model; origin; prototype; root; source5. foster (verb) foster; nurture6. make (verb) create; engender; father; generate; hatch; make; originate; procreate; produce; sire; spawnАнтонимический ряд: -
57 ὑδραγωγός
ὑδρᾰγωγ-ός, όν,A bringing water,σείριος Plu.2.365f
;ὑ. ἐν συνόδῳ ἡ σελήνη Porph.
ap. Eus.PE3.12: ὑ. φάρμακα purgatives producing watery motions, Gal.11.325.II Subst. ὑ., ὁ, water-carrier, Artem.4.74, JHS24.195 (Greek text of Edict.Diocl.7.31, where aquarius).b aqueduct or irrigation channel, with or without irrigation-machinery, LXX4 Ki.18.17, Si.24.30, PCair.Zen.268.36 (iii B. C.), PMich.Zen.45.23 (iii B. C.), PTeb.50.8, al. (ii B. C.), Wilcken Chr.461.21 (iii A. D.), etc.; ὑ. δαψιλής a copious watercourse, 1 Enoch28.3.3 one who drinks much water, dropsical person, Hp.Epid.7.122.4 a plant, = νυμφαία, Apul.Herb.68.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑδραγωγός
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58 airfield
аэродром; лётное поле; авиационная база ( сухопутных войск США) ; аэродромный; см. тж. airdromehigh(-altitude, -elevation, -level) airfield — высокорасположенный (над уровнем моря) аэродром; высокогорный аэродром
set up an airfield — создавать [сооружать] аэродром
station at the airfield — базироваться [находиться, располагаться] на аэродроме
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59 Evans, Oliver
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 13 September 1755 Newport, Delaware, USAd. 15 April 1819 New York, USA[br]American millwright and inventor of the first automatic corn mill.[br]He was the fifth child of Charles and Ann Stalcrop Evans, and by the age of 15 he had four sisters and seven brothers. Nothing is known of his schooling, but at the age of 17 he was apprenticed to a Newport wheelwright and wagon-maker. At 19 he was enrolled in a Delaware Militia Company in the Revolutionary War but did not see active service. About this time he invented a machine for bending and cutting off the wires in textile carding combs. In July 1782, with his younger brother, Joseph, he moved to Tuckahoe on the eastern shore of the Delaware River, where he had the basic idea of the automatic flour mill. In July 1782, with his elder brothers John and Theophilus, he bought part of his father's Newport farm, on Red Clay Creek, and planned to build a mill there. In 1793 he married Sarah Tomlinson, daughter of a Delaware farmer, and joined his brothers at Red Clay Creek. He worked there for some seven years on his automatic mill, from about 1783 to 1790.His system for the automatic flour mill consisted of bucket elevators to raise the grain, a horizontal screw conveyor, other conveying devices and a "hopper boy" to cool and dry the meal before gathering it into a hopper feeding the bolting cylinder. Together these components formed the automatic process, from incoming wheat to outgoing flour packed in barrels. At that time the idea of such automation had not been applied to any manufacturing process in America. The mill opened, on a non-automatic cycle, in 1785. In January 1786 Evans applied to the Delaware legislature for a twenty-five-year patent, which was granted on 30 January 1787 although there was much opposition from the Quaker millers of Wilmington and elsewhere. He also applied for patents in Pennsylvania, Maryland and New Hampshire. In May 1789 he went to see the mill of the four Ellicot brothers, near Baltimore, where he was impressed by the design of a horizontal screw conveyor by Jonathan Ellicot and exchanged the rights to his own elevator for those of this machine. After six years' work on his automatic mill, it was completed in 1790. In the autumn of that year a miller in Brandywine ordered a set of Evans's machinery, which set the trend toward its general adoption. A model of it was shown in the Market Street shop window of Robert Leslie, a watch-and clockmaker in Philadelphia, who also took it to England but was unsuccessful in selling the idea there.In 1790 the Federal Plant Laws were passed; Evans's patent was the third to come within the new legislation. A detailed description with a plate was published in a Philadelphia newspaper in January 1791, the first of a proposed series, but the paper closed and the series came to nothing. His brother Joseph went on a series of sales trips, with the result that some machinery of Evans's design was adopted. By 1792 over one hundred mills had been equipped with Evans's machinery, the millers paying a royalty of $40 for each pair of millstones in use. The series of articles that had been cut short formed the basis of Evans's The Young Millwright and Miller's Guide, published first in 1795 after Evans had moved to Philadelphia to set up a store selling milling supplies; it was 440 pages long and ran to fifteen editions between 1795 and 1860.Evans was fairly successful as a merchant. He patented a method of making millstones as well as a means of packing flour in barrels, the latter having a disc pressed down by a toggle-joint arrangement. In 1801 he started to build a steam carriage. He rejected the idea of a steam wheel and of a low-pressure or atmospheric engine. By 1803 his first engine was running at his store, driving a screw-mill working on plaster of Paris for making millstones. The engine had a 6 in. (15 cm) diameter cylinder with a stroke of 18 in. (45 cm) and also drove twelve saws mounted in a frame and cutting marble slabs at a rate of 100 ft (30 m) in twelve hours. He was granted a patent in the spring of 1804. He became involved in a number of lawsuits following the extension of his patent, particularly as he increased the licence fee, sometimes as much as sixfold. The case of Evans v. Samuel Robinson, which Evans won, became famous and was one of these. Patent Right Oppression Exposed, or Knavery Detected, a 200-page book with poems and prose included, was published soon after this case and was probably written by Oliver Evans. The steam engine patent was also extended for a further seven years, but in this case the licence fee was to remain at a fixed level. Evans anticipated Edison in his proposal for an "Experimental Company" or "Mechanical Bureau" with a capital of thirty shares of $100 each. It came to nothing, however, as there were no takers. His first wife, Sarah, died in 1816 and he remarried, to Hetty Ward, the daughter of a New York innkeeper. He was buried in the Bowery, on Lower Manhattan; the church was sold in 1854 and again in 1890, and when no relative claimed his body he was reburied in an unmarked grave in Trinity Cemetery, 57th Street, Broadway.[br]Further ReadingE.S.Ferguson, 1980, Oliver Evans: Inventive Genius of the American Industrial Revolution, Hagley Museum.G.Bathe and D.Bathe, 1935, Oliver Evans: Chronicle of Early American Engineering, Philadelphia, Pa.IMcN
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