luxŭrĭa

Campānĭa, ae, f., = Kampania [campus, i. e. the plain, the level country], the very fruitful and luxurious (Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 95) province of Campania, in Middle Italy, whose chief city was Capua, now Terra di Lavoro, Mel. 2, 4, 2 and 9; Liv. 2, 52, 1; Tib. 1, 9, 33; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 60; Flor. 1, 16, 3.—

Derivv.

Campānus, a, um, adj., Campanian, of Campania:

ager,

Cic. Agr. 1, 7, 20; 2, 32, 87; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 3:

rus,

Mart. 9, 61, 4:

colonia,

Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 85:

matres,

Liv. 26, 13, 15:

merum,

Mart. 1, 19, 6:

Lyaeus,

i. e. wine, id. 1, 13, 118:

rosae,

Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 16; cf. Mart. 9, 61:

aes,

Plin. 34, 8, 20, § 95:

supellex,

i. e. earthen, Hor. S. 1, 6, 118:

trulla,

id. ib. 2, 3, 144:

luxuria,

Liv. 23, 45, 2: morbus, a kind of wart or tumor endemic in Campania, Hor. S. 1, 5, 62 (v. Schol. Crucq.): Campanus pons, near Capua, leading over the Savo to Sinuessa, Hor. S. 1, 5, 45; Plin. 14, 6, 8, § 62:

urbs,

i. e. Capua, Verg. A. 10, 145: Via, a branch of the Via Appia, Suet. Aug. 94; Vitr. 8, 3; Inscr. Grut. 374, 5; 611, 13 al.—Subst.

campāna, ae f., a, stilyard, Isid. Orig. 16, 25, 6; Gloss. Vat. ap. Auct. Class. 7, p. 581 Mai.—

Plur.: Campāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Campania, the Campanians, Cic. Agr. 1, 7, 20; 2, 35, 94 and 96 al.—

Campā-nĭcus, a, um, adj., Campanian:

aratra,

Cato, R. R. 135, 2:

fiscinae,

id. ib. and 153:

serta,

id. 107, 1 (Plin. 21, 9, 29, § 53:

sertula Campana): peristromata,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 13. —

Campānĭus, a, um, adj., Campanian:

terra = Campania,

Tib. 1, 9, 33 (cf.: terra Arabia, Celtiberia, etc.).—

Campans, antis, adj., of Compania:

genus,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 144 Brix ad loc. (also ap. Non. p. 486, 24).

Campānĭa, ae, f., = Kampania [campus, i. e. the plain, the level country], the very fruitful and luxurious (Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 95) province of Campania, in Middle Italy, whose chief city was Capua, now Terra di Lavoro, Mel. 2, 4, 2 and 9; Liv. 2, 52, 1; Tib. 1, 9, 33; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 60; Flor. 1, 16, 3.—

Derivv.

Campānus, a, um, adj., Campanian, of Campania:

ager,

Cic. Agr. 1, 7, 20; 2, 32, 87; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 3:

rus,

Mart. 9, 61, 4:

colonia,

Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 85:

matres,

Liv. 26, 13, 15:

merum,

Mart. 1, 19, 6:

Lyaeus,

i. e. wine, id. 1, 13, 118:

rosae,

Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 16; cf. Mart. 9, 61:

aes,

Plin. 34, 8, 20, § 95:

supellex,

i. e. earthen, Hor. S. 1, 6, 118:

trulla,

id. ib. 2, 3, 144:

luxuria,

Liv. 23, 45, 2: morbus, a kind of wart or tumor endemic in Campania, Hor. S. 1, 5, 62 (v. Schol. Crucq.): Campanus pons, near Capua, leading over the Savo to Sinuessa, Hor. S. 1, 5, 45; Plin. 14, 6, 8, § 62:

urbs,

i. e. Capua, Verg. A. 10, 145: Via, a branch of the Via Appia, Suet. Aug. 94; Vitr. 8, 3; Inscr. Grut. 374, 5; 611, 13 al.—Subst.

campāna, ae f., a, stilyard, Isid. Orig. 16, 25, 6; Gloss. Vat. ap. Auct. Class. 7, p. 581 Mai.—

Plur.: Campāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Campania, the Campanians, Cic. Agr. 1, 7, 20; 2, 35, 94 and 96 al.—

Campā-nĭcus, a, um, adj., Campanian:

aratra,

Cato, R. R. 135, 2:

fiscinae,

id. ib. and 153:

serta,

id. 107, 1 (Plin. 21, 9, 29, § 53:

sertula Campana): peristromata,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 13. —

Campānĭus, a, um, adj., Campanian:

terra = Campania,

Tib. 1, 9, 33 (cf.: terra Arabia, Celtiberia, etc.).—

Campans, antis, adj., of Compania:

genus,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 144 Brix ad loc. (also ap. Non. p. 486, 24).

castīgo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [castum-ago, as purgo = purum-ago], to set right by word or deed, to correct, chastise, punish; to blame, reprove, chide, censure, find fault with (syn.: animadvertere, punire; more forcible than reprehendere and vituperare; weaker than culpare;

class. in prose and poetry): pueros non verbis solum, sed etiam verberibus,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 27, 64; so,

verberibus,

Plin. 8, 3, 3, § 6; cf. Liv. 26, 27, 8; Curt. 8, 6, 5:

magnā clade,

Liv. 39, 1, 4:

baculo,

Front. Strat. 1, 1, 3:

quo saepius (magister) monuerit, hoc rarius castigabit,

Quint. 2, 2, 5:

laudat Pompeius... segniores castigat atque incitat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 3;

so opp. laudare,

Liv. 27, 8, 18; Tac. Agr. 21:

castigando increpandoque plus quam leniter agendo, proficere,

Liv. 27, 9, 8:

servos exuviis bubulis,

Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 26:

aliquem dictis plurumis,

id. Bacch. 4, 8, 67; Verg. A. 5, 387:

verbis,

Cic. Off. 1, 25, 88; Liv. 36, 20, 4:

litteris,

Caes. B. C. 3, 25:

per litteras,

Tac. A. 3, 35:

leniter,

Liv. 30, 15, 10; 36, 31, 8:

vehementissime,

Petr. 109, 1:

in hoc me ipse castigo quod, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 1, 4:

segnitiem hominum atque inertiam,

id. de Or. 1, 41, 184; Liv. 31, 6, 5:

nimiam lenitatem,

id. 39, 55, 1:

moras,

Verg. A. 4, 407:

dolos,

id. ib. 6, 567:

vitia,

Juv. 2, 35; Vulg. Psa. 117, 18; id. Heb. 12, 6 al.—

Esp.

To correct some error, to set right, mend ( poet. or in post-Aug. prose) ( = corrigere, emendare): carmen, *Hor. A. P. 294:

amicae verba,

Juv. 6, 455:

examen improbum in trutină,

Pers. 1, 6:

vitia sua,

Plin. Pan. 46, 6.—

To hold in check, to restrain; lit. and trop. (rare for the more usu. coërcere, cohibere, etc.):

quid illum credis facturum, nisi eum... servas, castigas, mones?

Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 31:

equum tenacem, non parentem frenis asperioribus castigare,

Liv. 39, 25, 13; Tac. A. 6, 13:

castigatus animi dolor,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50:

risum crebris potiunculis,

Petr. 47, 7:

lapsus,

Stat. Th. 6, 700; cf. under P. a.—Hence,

Of relations of space, to enclose, surround, encompass, confine, shut in:

insula castigatur aquis,

Sil. 12, 355.— Hence, castīgātus, a, um, P. a. ( poet. or in post-Aug. prose), confined, compressed; hence,

As a designation of physical beauty, small, slender, close:

pectus,

Ov. Am. 1, 5, 21:

frons,

Stat. S. 2, 1, 43.—

Trop., restrained, checked:

luxuria tanto castigatior, quanto posset esse liberior, Aug. Civ. Dei, 5, 24: castigatissima disciplina,

the strictest, Gell. 4, 20, 1 Hertz (Cod. Reg. castissima).— Adv.: castīgātē.

(Acc. to castigatus, 1.) Compressedly, briefly:

castigatius,

Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 6:

castigatius eloqui,

Aug. Doctr. Christ. 4, 14.—

(Acc. to 2.) Restrainedly, within bounds:

vixit modeste, castigate, etc.,

Sen. Contr. 6, 8:

vivere,

Amm. 22, 3, 12.

castīgo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [castum-ago, as purgo = purum-ago], to set right by word or deed, to correct, chastise, punish; to blame, reprove, chide, censure, find fault with (syn.: animadvertere, punire; more forcible than reprehendere and vituperare; weaker than culpare;

class. in prose and poetry): pueros non verbis solum, sed etiam verberibus,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 27, 64; so,

verberibus,

Plin. 8, 3, 3, § 6; cf. Liv. 26, 27, 8; Curt. 8, 6, 5:

magnā clade,

Liv. 39, 1, 4:

baculo,

Front. Strat. 1, 1, 3:

quo saepius (magister) monuerit, hoc rarius castigabit,

Quint. 2, 2, 5:

laudat Pompeius... segniores castigat atque incitat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 3;

so opp. laudare,

Liv. 27, 8, 18; Tac. Agr. 21:

castigando increpandoque plus quam leniter agendo, proficere,

Liv. 27, 9, 8:

servos exuviis bubulis,

Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 26:

aliquem dictis plurumis,

id. Bacch. 4, 8, 67; Verg. A. 5, 387:

verbis,

Cic. Off. 1, 25, 88; Liv. 36, 20, 4:

litteris,

Caes. B. C. 3, 25:

per litteras,

Tac. A. 3, 35:

leniter,

Liv. 30, 15, 10; 36, 31, 8:

vehementissime,

Petr. 109, 1:

in hoc me ipse castigo quod, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 1, 4:

segnitiem hominum atque inertiam,

id. de Or. 1, 41, 184; Liv. 31, 6, 5:

nimiam lenitatem,

id. 39, 55, 1:

moras,

Verg. A. 4, 407:

dolos,

id. ib. 6, 567:

vitia,

Juv. 2, 35; Vulg. Psa. 117, 18; id. Heb. 12, 6 al.—

Esp.

To correct some error, to set right, mend ( poet. or in post-Aug. prose) ( = corrigere, emendare): carmen, *Hor. A. P. 294:

amicae verba,

Juv. 6, 455:

examen improbum in trutină,

Pers. 1, 6:

vitia sua,

Plin. Pan. 46, 6.—

To hold in check, to restrain; lit. and trop. (rare for the more usu. coërcere, cohibere, etc.):

quid illum credis facturum, nisi eum... servas, castigas, mones?

Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 31:

equum tenacem, non parentem frenis asperioribus castigare,

Liv. 39, 25, 13; Tac. A. 6, 13:

castigatus animi dolor,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50:

risum crebris potiunculis,

Petr. 47, 7:

lapsus,

Stat. Th. 6, 700; cf. under P. a.—Hence,

Of relations of space, to enclose, surround, encompass, confine, shut in:

insula castigatur aquis,

Sil. 12, 355.— Hence, castīgātus, a, um, P. a. ( poet. or in post-Aug. prose), confined, compressed; hence,

As a designation of physical beauty, small, slender, close:

pectus,

Ov. Am. 1, 5, 21:

frons,

Stat. S. 2, 1, 43.—

Trop., restrained, checked:

luxuria tanto castigatior, quanto posset esse liberior, Aug. Civ. Dei, 5, 24: castigatissima disciplina,

the strictest, Gell. 4, 20, 1 Hertz (Cod. Reg. castissima).— Adv.: castīgātē.

(Acc. to castigatus, 1.) Compressedly, briefly:

castigatius,

Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 6:

castigatius eloqui,

Aug. Doctr. Christ. 4, 14.—

(Acc. to 2.) Restrainedly, within bounds:

vixit modeste, castigate, etc.,

Sen. Contr. 6, 8:

vivere,

Amm. 22, 3, 12.

circum-sŏno, āre, v. n. and a. (rare but class.).

Neutr., to sound, resound ( with something) on every side, to be filled with any sound:

locus, qui circumsonat ululatibus cantuque symphoniae,

Liv. 39, 10, 7; 27, 18, 16; Vitr. 5, 8, 1; Manil. 5, 582. —

Of the sound itself, to resound:

dux theatri sui audiens plausum, in modum planctus, circumsonare,

Flor. 4, 2, 45.—

To surround a thing with a sound, to make something to echo or resound, to fill everywhere with a sound:

aures vocibus undique,

Cic. Off. 3, 2, 5 (cf. id. Fam. 6, 18, 4, and Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 7, personare aurem):

clamor hostes circumsonat,

Liv. 3, 28, 3:

Rutulus murum circumsonat armis,

Verg. A. 8, 474; cf.:

quā totum Nereus circumsonat orbem,

Ov. M. 1, 187 Haupt (al. circumsonat):

me luxuria undique circumsonuit,

Sen. Tranq. 1, 9.—

Pass.:

Threicio Scythioque fere circumsonor ore,

Ov. Tr. 3, 13, 47; 4, 10, 111:

nunc procul a patriā Geticis circumsonor armis,

id. ib. 5, 3, 11.

clārus, a, um, adj. [kindr. with Germ. klar; Engl. clear; cf. clamo], clear, bright (opp. obscurus, caecus; very freq. in all periods, and in all kinds of composition).

Lit.

Relating to the sight, clear, bright, shining, brilliant, etc.

Absol.:

luce clarā et candidā,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 49:

ut mulierum famam multorum oculis lux clara custodiat,

open day, Cic. Leg. 2, 15, 37; cf.:

frequentissimā celebritate et clarissimā luce laetari,

id. Cael. 20, 47:

lumen,

Lucr. 3, 1:

oculorum lumina,

id. 4, 825; cf.:

mundi lumina (i.e. sol et luna),

Verg. G. 1, 5:

oculi,

Cato, R. R. 157, 10:

incendia,

Verg. A. 2, 569:

lucerna,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 48:

scintillae ignis,

Lucr. 6, 163:

fulmina,

id. 6, 84:

vestis splendor,

id. 2, 52:

color,

id. 5, 1258; cf.:

color clarissimus,

id. 2, 830:

candor,

id. 4, 232:

loca,

id. 5, 779 al.:

caelum,

Tac. A. 1, 28:

nox,

id. Agr. 12:

pater omnipotens clarus intonat,

in the clear sky, Verg. A. 7, 141 Serv.; cf. Cic. Arat. 4:

sidus,

Hor. C. 4, 8, 31:

clarissimae gemmae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 62; cf.

lapides,

Hor. C. 4, 13, 14:

vitrum,

Ov. M. 4, 355:

purpurarum sidere clarior usus,

Hor. C. 3, 1, 42.—

With abl.:

speculo,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 112 dub.:

argento clari delphines,

Verg. A. 8, 673:

rutilis squamis,

id. G. 4, 93:

ferrugine,

id. A. 9, 582; cf. id. ib. 11, 772 Wagn.:

auro gemmisque corona,

Ov. M. 13, 704; 2, 2; 11, 359:

albo Lucifer exit Clarus equo,

id. ib. 15, 190:

claraeque coruscis Fulguribus taedae,

Lucr. 5, 295 al. —

Poet., of the wind (cf.: albus, candidus, and in Gr. lampros anemos; v. Lidd. and Scott under lampros), making clear, i. e. bringing fair weather:

aquilo,

Verg. G. 1, 460 Forbig. ad loc.—

Relating to the hearing, clear, loud, distinct:

clarā voce vocare,

Lucr. 4, 711; Cic. Clu. 48, 134; id. Caecin. 8, 22; Liv. 7, 31, 12; 42, 25, 12; Ov. M. 3, 703:

lectio,

Cels. 1, 2:

clariore voce,

Caes. B. G. 5, 30; cf. Cic. Tusc. 5, 7, 19:

sonor,

Lucr. 4, 567:

clamor,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 27:

plausus,

id. As. Grex. 6:

plangor,

Ov. M. 4, 138:

latratus,

id. ib. 13, 806:

ictus,

id. ib. 2, 625:

strepitus, Suet. Vit. Luc.: vox (opp. obtusa),

Quint. 11, 3, 15; 9, 4, 136 Spald.:

spiritus,

id. 11, 3, 55; cf. id. 11, 3, 41 and 82:

syllabae clariores,

id. 8, 3, 16.—

Trop.

Clear, manifest, plain, evident, intelligible (syn.:

planus, apertus, perspicuus, dilucidus, etc.): vide ut mi haec certa et clara attuleris,

Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 1 Ruhnk.; cf.:

omnia non properanti clara certaque erunt,

Liv. 22, 39, 22:

clara res est, quam dicturus sum, totā Siciliā celeberrima atque notissima,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 61; 2, 5, 38, § 101; id. Tusc. 1, 32, 78:

luce sunt clariora nobis tua consilia,

id. Cat. 1, 3, 6:

id quod est luce clarius,

id. Tusc. 1, 37, 90:

si ea, quae dixi, sole ipso inlustriora et clariora sunt,

id. Fin. 1, 21, 71; id. Div. 1, 3, 6:

caecis hoc satis clarum est,

Quint. 12, 7, 9:

lumen eloquentiae,

id. 3, 8, 65; cf. id. 12, 10, 15; 11, 1, 75:

in narrando (T. Livius) clarissimi candoris,

id. 10, 1, 101 Spald. and Frotsch.:

Massinissam regem post LXXXVI. annum generasse filium clarum est,

Plin. 7, 14, 12, § 61:

somno clarius,

Ov. F. 3, 28:

exempla,

Tac. Or. 8; id. A. 4, 11:

documenta,

id. ib. 6, 22.—

Brilliant, celebrated, renowned, illustrious, honorable, famous, glorious, etc. (cf.: illustris, insignis, eximius, egregius, praestans, nobilis; a favorite epithet, esp. in the sup., like fortissimus, designating the highest praise of the honor-loving Roman; hence, a standing title, at all times, of distinguished public characters, as consuls, proconsuls, pontifices, senators, etc.):

nobilitas,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 28;

opp. to obscurus,

Lucr. 1, 639; so Quint. 5, 10, 26: clari viri atque magni, Cato ap. Cic. Planc. 27, 66; Cic. Sest. 69, 144:

certe non tulit ullos haec civitas aut gloriā clariores, aut auctoritate graviores,

Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 154:

vir fortissimus et clarissimus,

id. Verr. 1, 15, 44; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 58, § 153; id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; id. Clu. 48, 134:

exempla clara et inlustria,

id. Div. 2, 3, 8:

pugna clara et commemorabilis,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 111:

pax clarior majorque quam bellum fuerat,

Liv. 10, 37, 4:

animus abunde pollens potensque et clarus,

Sall. J. 1, 3; so,

facundia clara pollensque,

id. ib. 30, 4:

clara et magnifica,

id. ib. 4, 8:

clari potentesque fieri,

id. C. 38, 1:

familia,

Tac. A. 2, 37; 3, 76:

majores,

id. ib. 4, 61: pater si in Equestri gradu clarus, clarior vitricus, Plin. [p. 350] Ep. 2, 13, 4:

clarissimi consules,

id. ib. 7, 33, 8:

generis clarissimus auctor,

Ov. P. 2, 9, 19:

clarissima civitas,

Nep. Thras. 2, 1:

apud Germanicos quoque (Titus),

Tac. H. 2, 77:

scriptores,

id. A. 1, 1.—

With abl.:

clariores gloriā,

Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 154; v. supra:

arte medicinae,

Quint. 3, 6, 64:

eloquendi suavitate,

id. 10, 1, 83:

sententiis,

id. 10, 1, 90:

Juppiter giganteo triumpho,

Hor. C. 3, 1, 7:

agendis causis,

id. Ep. 1, 7, 47:

Ajax toties servatis Achivis,

id. S. 2, 3, 194:

bello,

Tac. Agr. 29; id. H. 3, 44:

gens memoriā nominis,

id. ib. 1, 67:

Cluvius Rufus eloquentiā,

id. ib. 4, 43.—

With in:

in arte tibiarum,

Quint. 2, 3, 3; cf.:

clarissimi in eā scientiā,

Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 11:

in litteris,

Quint. 1, 6, 35:

in agendo,

id. 12, 10, 49:

in foro,

id. 10, 5, 14:

in contionibus,

id. 12, 2, 7; 12, 10, 49.—

With ex:

ex doctrinā nobilis et clarus,

Cic. Rab. Post. 9, 23.—

With ob:

ob obscuram linguam,

Lucr. 1, 639:

ob id factum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 32; cf.:

urbs clara ob insignem munimento naturali locum,

Liv. 24, 39, 8.—

With ab:

Trojanoque a sanguine clarus Acestes,

Verg. A. 1, 550.—

With gen.:

artis ejus,

Plin. 37, 1, 4, § 8.—

As a title:

clarissimus vir,

Cic. Att. 15, 20, 2; cf. id. ib. 14, 11, 1:

clarissimi consules,

Plin. Ep. 7, 33, 8; cf. Dig. 49, 14, 18; Lampr. Elag. 4;

Alex. Sev. 21 al.: permitto tibi vir clarissime Veiento (a senator), dicere,

Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 19; so,

ordo = senatorius,

Vop. Aur. 18 fin.; cf. also Isid. Orig. 9, 4, 12.—

Meton., of the wives of such distinguished public characters:

clarissimae feminae,

Dig. 1, 9, 8.—

In a bad sense, notorious:

minus clarum putavit fore quod de armario quam quod de sacrario esset ablatum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 12, § 27; 2, 1, 19, § 50; 2, 4, 12, § 29:

ecquid hoc totā Siciliā clarius, ecquid indignius? etc.,

id. ib. 2, 5, 7, §

16: populus (sc. Campanus), luxuriā superbiāque clarus,

Liv. 7, 31, 6.—Hence, adv.: clārē (freq. and class.).

Lit.

Of sight (acc. to I. A.), brightly, clearly:

clare oculis video,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 35:

clare fulgens caesaries,

Cat. 66, 9:

occidere,

of a star, Col. 11, 2, 52.— Comp.:

clarius micare,

Plin. 10, 20, 22, § 43:

nitere,

Stat. S. 4, 1, 4. — Sup.:

clarissime lucere,

Vitr. 9, 4.—

Of hearing (acc. to I. B.), clearly, distinctly, plainly, aloud:

clare recitare,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 30: plaudite, id. Am. fin.; cf. id. Bacch. fin.:

dic,

Ter. And. 4, 4, 15 Ruhnk.:

gemere,

Cic. Att. 2, 20, 3:

res clare enuntiare,

Quint. 8, 3, 62:

sonare,

id. 11, 3, 55:

exscreare,

id. 11, 3, 160:

maledicere,

Suet. Vit. 14 et saep.:

palam et clare,

id. Claud. 3; cf. Mart. 7, 92, 5.— Comp.:

clarius fabulari,

Suet. Calig. 22.— Sup.:

pisces clarissime audiunt,

Plin. 10, 70, 89, § 193; Vitr. 5, 3.—

Trop.

Mentally (acc. to II. A.), distinctly, intelligibly, clearly:

clare atque evidenter ostendere,

Quint. 8, 3, 86; cf. id. 4, 1, 1:

aliquid intellegere,

Plin. 37, 2, 6, § 16. — Comp.: eo clarius id periculum apparet, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2; so,

clarius intellegi,

Quint. 2, 5, 7:

clarius elucebit,

id. 12, 1, 26:

clarius ostendemus,

id. 2, 17, 25 al. — Sup., Quint. 9, 1, 19.—

Morally (acc. to II. B.), illustriously, honorably (very rare):

clarius exsplendescebat,

Nep. Att. 1, 3.

con-flo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to blow together, to blow up, stir up.

Of fire, to kindle, light.

Prop.:

ignem,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 59; Plin. 35, 11, 40, §§

138 and 143: incendium,

Liv. 26, 27, 6.—In medic. lang.:

intestina conflata,

inflamed, Cael. Aur. Tard. 3, 2, 18.—

Trop.

Of the passions, to kindle, inflame:

conflatus amore Ignis,

Lucr. 1, 474:

invidiam inimico,

Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 23; id. Cael. 12, 29; Sall. C. 49, 4:

conjurationem,

Suet. Ner. 36: cf.:

ingens ac terribile bellum,

Vell. 2, 55; cf. Flor. 1, 24, 1.—

In gen., to bring about, effect, accomplish, bring together, raise, procure; to produce, cause, occasion, etc. (a favorite trope in Cic. and the histt.):

quibus ex rebus conflatur et efficitur id, quod quaerimus, honestum,

Cic. Off. 1, 4, 14; cf. id. Cael. 5, 12:

ut una ex duabus naturis conflata videatur,

id. N. D. 2, 39, 100:

saepe ex Malo principio magna familiaritas Conflata est,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 36:

rem divitiasque sanguine civili,

Lucr. 3, 70:

sensum communibus motibus,

id. 3, 335; cf.:

consensus conspirans et paene conflatus,

melted together, united, Cic. Lig. 12, 34:

testes odio, invidiā, gratiā, pecuniā,

Quint. 5, 7, 23:

injuriam novo scelere,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 1, 1:

exercitum,

id. Phil. 4, 6, 15; Vell. 2, 74, 2; Flor. 3, 19, 10:

pecuniam,

Cic. Sest. 30, 66:

aes alienum grande,

Sall. C. 14, 2; 24, 3:

accusationem et judicium,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 116; cf.

judicia,

Liv. 3, 36, 8:

egestatem rei familiaris luxuriā,

Flor. 4, 1, 1:

cladem hominum generi,

Lucr. 6, 1091:

alicui periculum,

Cic. Sull. 4, 13:

alicui negotium,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 135:

in se tantum crimen,

id. ib. 2, 2, 29, § 73.—

Meton. (causa pro effectu), to melt, fuse metals, etc., to melt down (most freq. after the Aug. per.):

argentum, aes Cyprium et sulphur in fictili,

Plin. 33, 9, 46, § 131; 7, 56, 57, § 197:

argentum (fulmine),

Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 1; Dig. 41, 1, 7, § 8:

simulacra ex argento et auro fabricata,

Suet. Ner. 32:

argenteas statuas,

id. Aug. 52; Plin. 34, 6, 14, § 30:

vasa aurea,

Suet. Aug. 71:

coronam auream,

id. Galb. 12:

falces in ensem,

Verg. G. 1, 508:

victorias aureas in usum belli,

Quint. 9, 2, 92: vitrum, i. e. make glass, Hadr. Imp. ap. Vop. Saturn. 8, 6.

dē-pugno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a.

To fight eagerly, fight out; to contend, combat violently.

Prop. (freq. and class.):

collatis signis,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 44; cf. Liv. 34, 46:

acie instructā, * Caes, B. G. 7, 28: multi depugnant gemitusque edunt,

Lucr. 4, 1015:

haud procul moenibus,

Liv. 10, 37; cf. id. 34, 46; 40, 34:

adversus aliquem,

Front. Strat. 2, 4, 6 et saep.:

Torquatus cum Gallo apud Anienem depugnavit,

Cic. Fin. 2, 22, 73:

ad depugnandum,

Nep. Them. 4, 4;

so of single combat,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 22; id. Fin. 2, 22, 73; Suet. Caes. 39;

and as a t. t. of gladiatorial combats,

id. ib. 2, 17 fin.; Asin. Pollio, ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 3; Quint. 8, 5, 12 Spald.;

in the latter sense also with an object: feram,

Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 6; cf.

bestias,

ib. 48, 8, 11.— Pass. impers.:

ante depugnabitur,

Cic. Att. 16, 11, 6: so,

depugnarier,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 36:

depugnatum est,

Liv. 7, 26; 9, 39.—

Transf. out of the milit. sphere:

cum animo suo,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 29:

cum fame,

id. Stich. 4, 2, 47:

morti,

Sil. 10, 475.—And in a figure borrowed from the lang. of gladiators:

unum par, quod depugnet, reliquum est voluptas cum honestate,

Cic. Ac. 2, 46; cf.:

natura atque luxuria depugnant (flores),

rival one another, Plin. 21, 8, 22, § 46: indocti stolidique et depugnare parati, * Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 184.—

To fight to the end, stop fighting: depugnato proelio, " the day after the fair," Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 31.

dī-verto ( vorto), ti, sum, 3, v. n., to turn or go different ways, to part, separate, turn aside (in the verb. finit. rare; not in the class. per.).

Lit.

To turn out of the way; hence, of travellers, to stop, lodge, sojourn:

qui divertebat in proximo,

Amm. 14, 7, 15:

in cenaculum,

Vulg. 4 Reg. 4, 11:

ad hominem peccatorem,

to visit, id. Luc. 19, 7 al. —

Of a married woman, to leave her husband:

(uxor) sive diverterit, sive nupta est adhuc,

Dig. 9, 2, 27, § 30; cf.

so of divorce: si uxor a legato diverterit,

ib. 5, 1, 42:

nullis matrimoniis divertentibus,

Gell. 4, 3. V. also divortium.—

Trop., to deviate from each other, to differ:

divortunt mores virgini longe ac lupae,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 22.—Hence, dīversus ( - vorsus), a, um, P. a., turned different ways.

Set over against each other, opposite, contrary (freq. and class.; cf.: adversus, contrarius).

Lit.:

in diversum iter equi concitati,

Liv. 1, 28:

fenestrae,

opposite each other, Prop. 1, 3, 31; cf.

ripa,

Sil. 1, 264 Drak.:

iter a proposito diversum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 69, 1; cf.:

diverso ab ea regione itinere,

id. ib. 3, 41, 4:

diversis ab flumine regionibus,

id. B. G. 6, 25, 3:

diversam aciem constituit,

id. B. C. 1, 40, 5:

duo cinguli maxime inter se diversi, i. e. the two polar circles,

Cic. Rep. 6, 20 (13):

diversum ad mare dejectus,

Tac. A. 2, 60; cf.:

procurrentibus in diversa terris,

id. Agr. 11:

in diversum flectere,

Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248:

binas per diversum coassationes substernere,

cross-wise, Plin. 36, 25, 62, § 186.—

Trop.

In gen., different, diverse, opposite, contrary, conflicting (cf.:

varius, differens, discrepans, multiplex): monstrum ex contrariis diversisque inter se pugnantibus naturae studiis cupiditatibusque conflatum,

Cic. Cael. 5 fin.; cf.:

quis non diversa praesentibus contrariaque expectatis aut speret aut timeat?

Vell. 2, 75, 2:

pessuma ac divorsa inter se mala, luxuria atque avaritia,

Sall. C. 5, 8; cf. Liv. 34, 4.—In the sup.:

ne illi falsi sunt, qui diversissimas res pariter exspectant, ignaviae voluptatem et praemia virtutis,

Sall. J. 85, 20:

diversa sibi ambo consilia capiunt,

Caes. B. C. 3, 30, 1:

est huic diversum vitio vitium prope majus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 5; cf. Vell. 2, 80, 2:

initio reges diversi pars ingenium, alii corpus exercebant,

pursuing opposite courses, Sall. C. 2, 1:

diversi imperatoribus (sc. Scipioni et Mummio) mores, diversa fuerunt studia,

Vell. 1, 13, 3:

dividere bona diversis,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 114; cf. id. ib. 1, 1, 3; Vell. 2, 60 fin. et saep.—Of conflicting passions: Pentheum diripuisse aiunt Bacchas;

nugas fuisse credo, prae quo pacto ego divorsus distrahor,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 2.— Comp.:

divorsius,

Lucr. 3, 803.—

In partic. (like contrarius, II. 2.), inimically opposed, of hostile or opposite opinions, unfriendly, hostile:

certa igitur cum illo, qui a te totus diversus est,

Cic. Ac. 2, 32:

regio ab se diversa,

Liv. 32, 38:

diversos iterum conjungere amantes,

Prop. 1, 10, 15:

acies,

Tac. A. 13, 57; 14, 30:

factio,

Suet. Caes. 20; id. Tib. 3 fin.; cf.

partes,

id. Caes. 1:

diversae partis advocatus,

opposite, id. Gramm. 4:

diversi ordiuntur, etc.,

Tac. A. 2, 10:

subsellia,

of the opponents, Quint. 11, 3, 133; cf. Tac. Or. 34:

minuere invidiam aut in diversum eam transferre,

Quint. 11, 1, 64:

defectio Tarentinorum utrum priore anno an hoc facta sit, in diversum auctores trahunt,

are not agreed, Liv. 25, 11 fin.; cf.:

nullo in diversum auctore,

Tac. A. 12, 69:

consistentis ex diverso patroni,

on the opposite side, Quint. 4, 1, 42:

ex diverso,

id. 5, 11, 43; Tac. A. 13, 40; id. H. 4, 16 et saep.;

also: e diverso,

Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 9; Just. 30, 4, 6; the latter in Sueton, and the elder Pliny, i. q. contra, on the contrary:

sunt qui putent, etc.... Alii e diverso, etc.,

Suet. Caes. 86; cf. id. Aug. 27; id. Dom. 9; Plin. 2, 50, 51, § 135; 5, 9, 10, § 56 al.; cf. Sillig. ad Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 35; Gai. Inst. 2, 16.

In different directions, apart, separate (so most freq. in all periods and kinds of writing).

Lit.: dispennite hominem divorsum et distennite, spread out in opposite directions, i. e. his limbs, Plaut. Mil. 5, 14:

diversae state,

id. Truc. 4, 3, 14; cf.:

diversi pugnabant,

separately, Caes. B. C. 1, 58, 4; so,

jam antea diversi audistis,

Sall. C. 20, 5; and:

sive juncti unum premant, sive id diversi gerant bellum,

Liv. 10, 25:

diversi dissipatique in omnes partes fugere,

Caes. B. G. 2, 24, 4; cf.:

ex diversa fuga in unum collecti,

Liv. 42, 8:

age diversos et disice corpora ponto,

Verg. A. 1, 70:

diversi consules discedunt,

Liv. 10, 33, 10; 22, 56; Nep. Dat. 11, 3 al.; cf.:

quo diversus abis?

away, Verg. A. 5, 166; 11, 855:

qui (portus) cum diversos inter se aditus habeant, in exitu conjunguntur et confluunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 52 fin.; cf. id. Agr. 2, 32, 87; Liv. 40, 22:

in locis disjunctissimis maximeque diversis,

very widely separated, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 4; so,

loca,

id. ib. 16; Caes. B. G. 2, 22, 1 et saep.—Cf. in the sup.:

diversissimis locis subeundo ad moenia,

Liv. 4, 22:

itinera,

Caes. B. G. 7, 16 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 67, 2:

proelium,

fought in different places, Hirt. B. G. 8, 19, 2 et saep.: sunt ea innumerabilia, quae a diversis emebantur, by various people, individuals (as an indefinite term for persons), Cic. Phil. 2, 37. — Poet., i. q. remotus, remote, far-distant:

Aesar,

i. e. flowing in another, remote country, Ov. M. 15, 23; cf. Verg. A. 3, 4; 11, 261; 12, 621;

708: diverso terrarum distineri,

distance apart, remoteness, Tac. A. 3, 59.—

Trop.

Different, unlike, dissimilar:

varia et diversa genera et bellorum et hostium,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10 fin.; cf.:

variae et diversae et diffusae disputationes,

id. de Or. 3, 16, 61; 1, 61 fin.:

diversa ac dissimilis pars,

id. Inv. 1, 23, 33; cf.:

diversa studia in dissimili ratione,

id. Cat. 2, 5:

flumina diversa locis,

Verg. G. 4, 367; so Ov. M. 1, 40:

oris habitu simili aut diverso,

Quint. 9, 3, 34 al.:

ut par ingenio, ita morum diversus,

Tac. A. 14, 19:

a proposita ratione diversum,

Cic. Brut. 90; cf.:

ab his longe diversae litterae,

Sall. C. 34 fin.; Quint. 4, 1, 9; cf. also id. 2, 10, 7:

huic diversa sententia eorum fuit,

id. 3, 6, 32. —Cf. so with dat., Quint. 2, 3, 10; 3, 10, 3 et saep.—With gen.:

diversa omnium, quae umquam accidere, civilium armorum facies,

Tac. A. 1, 49:

diversa in hac ac supradicta alite quaedam,

Plin. 10, 12, 15, § 32:

eruca diversae est, quam lactuca, naturae,

id. 19, 8, 44, § 154.—

Divided, fluctuating, hesitating, inconsistent:

metu ac libidine divorsus agebatur,

Sall. J. 25, 6:

qui diversus animi modo numen pavescere, modo, etc.,

Tac. H. 4, 84:

diversi fremat inconstantia vulgi,

Tib. 4, 1, 45.— Adv.: dī-verse or dīvorse (acc. to II.), different ways, hither and thither; in different directions (very rarely): corpora prostrata diverse jacebant, scattered, Auct. B. Afr. 40 fin.; so,

pauci paulo divorsius conciderant,

Sall. C. 61, 3:

multifariam diverseque tendere,

Suet. Galb. 19.—

Trop. of the mind:

curae meum animum divorse trahunt,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 25:

ab eodem de eadem re diverse dicitur,

differently, Cic. Inv. 1, 50:

diversissime adfici,

very variously, Suet. Tib. 66:

uti verbo ab alicujus sententia diverse,

in a different meaning, Gell. 6, 17, 9.

dī-verto ( vorto), ti, sum, 3, v. n., to turn or go different ways, to part, separate, turn aside (in the verb. finit. rare; not in the class. per.).

Lit.

To turn out of the way; hence, of travellers, to stop, lodge, sojourn:

qui divertebat in proximo,

Amm. 14, 7, 15:

in cenaculum,

Vulg. 4 Reg. 4, 11:

ad hominem peccatorem,

to visit, id. Luc. 19, 7 al. —

Of a married woman, to leave her husband:

(uxor) sive diverterit, sive nupta est adhuc,

Dig. 9, 2, 27, § 30; cf.

so of divorce: si uxor a legato diverterit,

ib. 5, 1, 42:

nullis matrimoniis divertentibus,

Gell. 4, 3. V. also divortium.—

Trop., to deviate from each other, to differ:

divortunt mores virgini longe ac lupae,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 22.—Hence, dīversus ( - vorsus), a, um, P. a., turned different ways.

Set over against each other, opposite, contrary (freq. and class.; cf.: adversus, contrarius).

Lit.:

in diversum iter equi concitati,

Liv. 1, 28:

fenestrae,

opposite each other, Prop. 1, 3, 31; cf.

ripa,

Sil. 1, 264 Drak.:

iter a proposito diversum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 69, 1; cf.:

diverso ab ea regione itinere,

id. ib. 3, 41, 4:

diversis ab flumine regionibus,

id. B. G. 6, 25, 3:

diversam aciem constituit,

id. B. C. 1, 40, 5:

duo cinguli maxime inter se diversi, i. e. the two polar circles,

Cic. Rep. 6, 20 (13):

diversum ad mare dejectus,

Tac. A. 2, 60; cf.:

procurrentibus in diversa terris,

id. Agr. 11:

in diversum flectere,

Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248:

binas per diversum coassationes substernere,

cross-wise, Plin. 36, 25, 62, § 186.—

Trop.

In gen., different, diverse, opposite, contrary, conflicting (cf.:

varius, differens, discrepans, multiplex): monstrum ex contrariis diversisque inter se pugnantibus naturae studiis cupiditatibusque conflatum,

Cic. Cael. 5 fin.; cf.:

quis non diversa praesentibus contrariaque expectatis aut speret aut timeat?

Vell. 2, 75, 2:

pessuma ac divorsa inter se mala, luxuria atque avaritia,

Sall. C. 5, 8; cf. Liv. 34, 4.—In the sup.:

ne illi falsi sunt, qui diversissimas res pariter exspectant, ignaviae voluptatem et praemia virtutis,

Sall. J. 85, 20:

diversa sibi ambo consilia capiunt,

Caes. B. C. 3, 30, 1:

est huic diversum vitio vitium prope majus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 5; cf. Vell. 2, 80, 2:

initio reges diversi pars ingenium, alii corpus exercebant,

pursuing opposite courses, Sall. C. 2, 1:

diversi imperatoribus (sc. Scipioni et Mummio) mores, diversa fuerunt studia,

Vell. 1, 13, 3:

dividere bona diversis,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 114; cf. id. ib. 1, 1, 3; Vell. 2, 60 fin. et saep.—Of conflicting passions: Pentheum diripuisse aiunt Bacchas;

nugas fuisse credo, prae quo pacto ego divorsus distrahor,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 2.— Comp.:

divorsius,

Lucr. 3, 803.—

In partic. (like contrarius, II. 2.), inimically opposed, of hostile or opposite opinions, unfriendly, hostile:

certa igitur cum illo, qui a te totus diversus est,

Cic. Ac. 2, 32:

regio ab se diversa,

Liv. 32, 38:

diversos iterum conjungere amantes,

Prop. 1, 10, 15:

acies,

Tac. A. 13, 57; 14, 30:

factio,

Suet. Caes. 20; id. Tib. 3 fin.; cf.

partes,

id. Caes. 1:

diversae partis advocatus,

opposite, id. Gramm. 4:

diversi ordiuntur, etc.,

Tac. A. 2, 10:

subsellia,

of the opponents, Quint. 11, 3, 133; cf. Tac. Or. 34:

minuere invidiam aut in diversum eam transferre,

Quint. 11, 1, 64:

defectio Tarentinorum utrum priore anno an hoc facta sit, in diversum auctores trahunt,

are not agreed, Liv. 25, 11 fin.; cf.:

nullo in diversum auctore,

Tac. A. 12, 69:

consistentis ex diverso patroni,

on the opposite side, Quint. 4, 1, 42:

ex diverso,

id. 5, 11, 43; Tac. A. 13, 40; id. H. 4, 16 et saep.;

also: e diverso,

Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 9; Just. 30, 4, 6; the latter in Sueton, and the elder Pliny, i. q. contra, on the contrary:

sunt qui putent, etc.... Alii e diverso, etc.,

Suet. Caes. 86; cf. id. Aug. 27; id. Dom. 9; Plin. 2, 50, 51, § 135; 5, 9, 10, § 56 al.; cf. Sillig. ad Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 35; Gai. Inst. 2, 16.

In different directions, apart, separate (so most freq. in all periods and kinds of writing).

Lit.: dispennite hominem divorsum et distennite, spread out in opposite directions, i. e. his limbs, Plaut. Mil. 5, 14:

diversae state,

id. Truc. 4, 3, 14; cf.:

diversi pugnabant,

separately, Caes. B. C. 1, 58, 4; so,

jam antea diversi audistis,

Sall. C. 20, 5; and:

sive juncti unum premant, sive id diversi gerant bellum,

Liv. 10, 25:

diversi dissipatique in omnes partes fugere,

Caes. B. G. 2, 24, 4; cf.:

ex diversa fuga in unum collecti,

Liv. 42, 8:

age diversos et disice corpora ponto,

Verg. A. 1, 70:

diversi consules discedunt,

Liv. 10, 33, 10; 22, 56; Nep. Dat. 11, 3 al.; cf.:

quo diversus abis?

away, Verg. A. 5, 166; 11, 855:

qui (portus) cum diversos inter se aditus habeant, in exitu conjunguntur et confluunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 52 fin.; cf. id. Agr. 2, 32, 87; Liv. 40, 22:

in locis disjunctissimis maximeque diversis,

very widely separated, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 4; so,

loca,

id. ib. 16; Caes. B. G. 2, 22, 1 et saep.—Cf. in the sup.:

diversissimis locis subeundo ad moenia,

Liv. 4, 22:

itinera,

Caes. B. G. 7, 16 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 67, 2:

proelium,

fought in different places, Hirt. B. G. 8, 19, 2 et saep.: sunt ea innumerabilia, quae a diversis emebantur, by various people, individuals (as an indefinite term for persons), Cic. Phil. 2, 37. — Poet., i. q. remotus, remote, far-distant:

Aesar,

i. e. flowing in another, remote country, Ov. M. 15, 23; cf. Verg. A. 3, 4; 11, 261; 12, 621;

708: diverso terrarum distineri,

distance apart, remoteness, Tac. A. 3, 59.—

Trop.

Different, unlike, dissimilar:

varia et diversa genera et bellorum et hostium,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10 fin.; cf.:

variae et diversae et diffusae disputationes,

id. de Or. 3, 16, 61; 1, 61 fin.:

diversa ac dissimilis pars,

id. Inv. 1, 23, 33; cf.:

diversa studia in dissimili ratione,

id. Cat. 2, 5:

flumina diversa locis,

Verg. G. 4, 367; so Ov. M. 1, 40:

oris habitu simili aut diverso,

Quint. 9, 3, 34 al.:

ut par ingenio, ita morum diversus,

Tac. A. 14, 19:

a proposita ratione diversum,

Cic. Brut. 90; cf.:

ab his longe diversae litterae,

Sall. C. 34 fin.; Quint. 4, 1, 9; cf. also id. 2, 10, 7:

huic diversa sententia eorum fuit,

id. 3, 6, 32. —Cf. so with dat., Quint. 2, 3, 10; 3, 10, 3 et saep.—With gen.:

diversa omnium, quae umquam accidere, civilium armorum facies,

Tac. A. 1, 49:

diversa in hac ac supradicta alite quaedam,

Plin. 10, 12, 15, § 32:

eruca diversae est, quam lactuca, naturae,

id. 19, 8, 44, § 154.—

Divided, fluctuating, hesitating, inconsistent:

metu ac libidine divorsus agebatur,

Sall. J. 25, 6:

qui diversus animi modo numen pavescere, modo, etc.,

Tac. H. 4, 84:

diversi fremat inconstantia vulgi,

Tib. 4, 1, 45.— Adv.: dī-verse or dīvorse (acc. to II.), different ways, hither and thither; in different directions (very rarely): corpora prostrata diverse jacebant, scattered, Auct. B. Afr. 40 fin.; so,

pauci paulo divorsius conciderant,

Sall. C. 61, 3:

multifariam diverseque tendere,

Suet. Galb. 19.—

Trop. of the mind:

curae meum animum divorse trahunt,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 25:

ab eodem de eadem re diverse dicitur,

differently, Cic. Inv. 1, 50:

diversissime adfici,

very variously, Suet. Tib. 66:

uti verbo ab alicujus sententia diverse,

in a different meaning, Gell. 6, 17, 9.

ex-sisto or existo, stĭti, stĭtum, 3, v. n. ( act. August. Civ. D. 14, 13), to step out or forth, to come forth, emerge, appear (very freq. and class.).

Prop.

In gen.:

e latebris,

Liv. 25, 21, 3:

ab inferis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 37, § 94; Liv. 39, 37, 3:

anguem ab ara exstitisse,

Cic. Div. 2, 80 fin.; cf.: vocem ab aede Junonis ex arce exstitisse (shortly before: voces ex occulto missae; and:

exaudita vox est a luco Vestae),

id. ib. 1, 45, 101:

est bos cervi figura, cujus a media fronte inter aures unum cornu exsistit excelsius,

Caes. B. G. 6, 26, 1:

submersus equus voraginibus non exstitit,

Cic. Div. 1, 33, 73; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107:

nympha gurgite medio,

Ov. M. 5, 413:

hoc vero occultum, intestinum ac domesticum malum, non modo non exsistit, verum, etc.,

does not come to light, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 39.—

In partic., with the accessory notion of originating, to spring, proceed, arise, become:

vermes de stercore,

Lucr. 2, 871:

quae a bruma sata sunt, quadragesimo die vix exsistunt,

Varr. R. R. 1, 34, 1:

ut si qui dentes et pubertatem natura dicat exsistere, ipsum autem hominem, cui ea exsistant, non constare natura, non intelligat, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 33 fin.:

ex hac nimia licentia ait ille, ut ex stirpe quadam, exsistere et quasi nasci tyrannum,

id. Rep. 1, 44; id. Off. 2, 23, 80; cf.:

ex luxuria exsistat avaritia necesse est,

id. Rosc. Am. 27, 75;

ut exsistat ex rege dominus, ex optimatibus factio, ex populo turba et confusio,

id. Rep. 1, 45:

ut plerumque in calamitate ex amicis inimici exsistunt,

Caes. B. C. 3, 104, 1;

for which: videtisne igitur, ut de rege dominus exstiterit? etc.,

Cic. Rep. 2, 26:

ex quo exsistit id civitatis genus,

id. ib. 3, 14:

hujus ex uberrimis sermonibus exstiterunt doctissimi viri,

id. Brut. 8, 31; cf. id. Or. 3, 12:

ex qua (disserendi ratione) summa utilitas exsistit,

id. Tusc. 5, 25, 72:

sermo admirantium, unde hoc philosophandi nobis subito studium exstitisset,

id. N. D. 1, 3, 6:

exsistit hoc loco quaestio subdifficilis,

id. Lael. 19, 67:

magna inter eos exsistit controversia,

Caes. B. G. 5, 28, 2:

poëtam bonum neminem sine inflammatione animorum exsistere posse,

Cic. de Or. 2, 46 fin.: exsistit illud, ut, etc., it ensues, follows, that, etc., id. Fin. 5, 23, 67; cf.:

ex quo exsistet, ut de nihilo quippiam fiat,

id. Fat. 9, 18.

Transf., to be visible or manifest in any manner, to exist, to be:

ut in corporibus magnae dissimilitudines sunt, sic in animis exsistunt majores etiam varietates,

Cic. Off. 1, 30, 107:

idque in maximis ingeniis exstitit maxime et apparet facillime,

id. Tusc. 1, 15, 33:

si exstitisset in rege fides,

id. Rab. Post. 1, 1:

cujus magnae exstiterunt res bellicae,

id. Rep. 2, 17:

illa pars animi, in qua irarum exsistit ardor,

id. Div. 1, 29, 61:

si quando aliquod officium exstitit amici in periculis adeundis,

id. Lael. 7, 24 et saep.:

neque ullum ingenium tantum exstitisse dicebat, ut, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 2, 1; cf.:

talem vero exsistere eloquentiam, qualis fuit in Crasso, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 2, 6;

nisi Ilias illa exstitisset,

id. Arch. 10, 24:

cujus ego dignitatis ab adolescentia fautor, in praetura autem et in consulatu adjutor etiam exstitissem,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 11; cf.:

his de causis ego huic causae patronus exstiti,

id. Rosc. Am. 2, 5:

timeo, ne in eum exsistam crudelior,

id. Att. 10, 11, 3:

sic insulsi exstiterunt, ut, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 54, 217.

foedus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. dhūmas, smoke; cf.: fumus, fīmus, feteo], foul, filthy, loathsome, ugly, unseemly, detestable, abominable, horrible (class.; cf.: deformis, turpis).

Physically:

cimices foedissimum animal,

Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61:

herba odoris foedi,

id. 20, 16, 63, § 171:

odor,

Cels. 2, 8; 5, 28, 3:

facies,

id. 6, 6, 9:

sapor,

Lucr. 2, 401:

species,

id. 2, 421:

nunc eo tibi videtur foedus, quia illam (vestem) non habet,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 17; cf. Quint. 6, 3, 32:

immanissimum et foedissimum monstrum,

Cic. Pis. 14, 31:

foeda fit volucris (sc. bubo),

Ov. M. 5, 549:

caput impexa foedum porrigine,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 126:

foeda nigro simulacra fumo,

id. C. 3, 6, 4:

foeda cicatrix,

id. S. 1, 5, 60:

vulnus,

Ov. M. 12, 366:

tergum recentibus vestigiis vulnerum,

Liv. 2, 23, 7; cf. id. 9, 31, 2:

victus,

Hor. A. P. 392:

loca tetra, inculta, foeda, formidolosa,

Sall. C. 52, 13:

tempestates,

Liv. 25, 7, 7; Verg. G. 1, 323:

foedissima tempestas,

Liv. 29, 18, 5:

incendium,

id. 24, 47, 15.—With dat.:

pestilentia foeda homini, foeda pecori,

destructive, Liv. 3, 32, 2.—In the neutr. absol.:

foedum relatu,

Ov. M. 9, 167; cf.

foediora,

Liv. 3, 69, 2.—

Mentally, disgraceful, base, dishonorable, vile, shameful, infamous, foul, etc.:

quo (tyranno) neque tetrius, neque foedius, nec diis hominibusque invisius animal ullum cogitari potest,

Cic. Rep. 2, 26:

nihil fieri potest miserius, nihil perditius, nihil foedius,

id. Att. 8, 11, 4:

luxuria senectuti foedissima,

id. Off. 1, 34, 123:

homo,

Sall. C. 19, 2:

scriptores carmine foedo Splendida facta linunt,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 236; cf.:

foedissima ludibria,

Quint. 1, 6, 32:

bellum foedissimum,

Cic. Att. 7, 26, 3:

genus interitus,

id. ib. 15, 20, 2:

foedus et perniciosus exitus judicii,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 1:

consilium,

Liv. 26, 38, 4:

facinus,

Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 1:

amor,

Lucr. 4, 1158:

ministeria,

Verg. A. 7, 619:

condiciones,

Hor. C. 3, 5, 15:

fuga ducum,

Val. Fl. 6, 723:

exprobratio,

Plin. 18, 26, 66, § 249:

inconsequentia rerum foedissima,

Quint. 8, 6, 50.—In the neutr. with a subject-clause: ludos vero non facere, quid foedius? (shortly before: quid turpius?) Cic. Att. 15, 10:

versum in oratione fieri multo foedissimum est,

Quint. 9, 4, 72.— Hence, adv.: foede, foully, cruelly, basely, horribly: foede divexarier, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 106 (Trag. Rel. p. 84 Rib.):

aram turparunt sanguine foede,

Lucr. 1, 85:

foede aliquem distrahere,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 14:

laniare crura brachiaque,

Tac. H. 1, 41:

caesa manus juvenum,

Verg. A. 10, 498:

ob admissum foede dictumve superbe,

Lucr. 5, 1224:

servire,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 48: perire Sall. J. 31, 2:

pugnatum est,

Liv. 6, 1, 11:

foedius inde pulsus quam, etc.,

id. 2, 51, 8:

causa agetur foedissime,

Cic. Att. 9, 7, 4.

foedus, ĕris (for foedus, Ennius wrote fidus, acc. to Varr. L. L. 5, § 86 Müll. Archaic form of the gen. plur. foedesum, acc. to Varr. L. L. 7, § 27; v. the letter R), n. [from the root FID; Sanscr. bandh, ligare; v. fido], a league, treaty, compact (cf.: sponsio, pactio).

Polit.:

FOEDERVM, PACIS, BELLI, INDVCIARVM ORATORES FETIALES IVDICESVE SVNTO,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 21; cf. id. Rep. 1, 32:

esse autem tria genera foederum, quibus inter se paciscerentur amicitias civitates regesque,

Liv. 34, 57, 7:

pacem foedusque facere,

Cic. de Sen. 6, 16; cf.:

oratrices pacis et foederis,

id. Rep. 2, 8:

Ambiorigem sibi societate et foedere adjungunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 2, 2:

ne societates, ne foedera nova acciperemus,

Sall. J. 14, 18:

societatem foedere confirmare,

Cic. Phil. 2, 35, 89:

quibus (foederibus) etiam cum hoste devincitur fides,

id. Off. 3, 31, 111:

amicitiam et foedus petere, Sall J. 104, 4: foedus facere cum aliquibus,

Cic. Inv. 2, 30, 91; so,

foedus facere,

id. Rep. 3, 18; Caes. B. C. 3, 108, 3; Sall. J. 38, 9 al.: ferire, icere, pangere, percutere, v. h. vv.: de foedere decedere, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 1, 10:

foedera negligere, violare, rumpere,

Cic. Balb. 5, 13; cf.:

sociorum nominisque Latini jura negligere ac foedera,

id. Rep. 3, 29:

rumpere,

Auct. Her. 4, 14, 20; Liv. 9, 1; 21, 10:

violare,

Cic. Rep. 1, 19; Liv. 28, 44, 7:

rescindere,

Vell. 2, 90, 3:

solvere,

Verg. A. 10, 91:

turbare,

id. ib. 12, 633:

contra foedus facere,

Cic. Balb. 4, 10; Gell. 10, 1, 10:

foedus aequum dare,

Liv. 23, 5, 9 (for which:

ex aequo venire in amicitiam,

id. 7, 30, 2); cf.:

foedere iniquo alligari,

id. 35, 46, 10:

ex foedere,

according to agreement, id. 1, 23, 7; 8, 39, 13. —

Transf., beyond the polit. sphere, in gen., a compact, covenant, agreement, stipulation, bargain:

foedus fecerunt cum tribuno plebis palam, ut ab eo provincias acciperent, quas ipsi vellent, etc.,

Cic. Sest. 10, 24; cf.:

foedus frangere,

id. Pis. 12, 28:

inter se facere,

id. Fin. 2, 26, 83:

amorum turpissimorum foedera ferire,

id. Cael. 14, 34:

amicitiae,

Ov. Tr. 3, 6, 1:

hospitii,

Just. 7, 3:

thalami,

i. e. marriage contract, marriage, Ov. M. 7, 403; so,

vitae,

Stat. Th. 2, 112:

communia studii,

Ov. P. 4, 13, 43.—

Poet., of inanim. and abstr. things, a law:

continuo has leges aeternaque foedera certis Inposuit natura locis,

Verg. G. 1, 60:

omnes Foedere naturae certo discrimina servant,

Lucr. 5, 924; 5, 57; 6, 906:

foedere certo et premere et laxas dare habenas,

Verg. A. 1, 62:

neve potentis naturae pollue foedus,

Ov. M. 10, 353: caeli foedera, Col. Poët. 10, 219.

frūgālĭtas, tātis, f. [frugalis, II.], economy, temperance, thriftiness, frugality; and in gen., worth, virtue (the Gr. sôphrosunê; class.).

Prop.:

omnes in illo sunt rege virtutes, sed praecipue singularis et admiranda frugalitas... ego frugalitatem, id est modestiam et temperantiam, virtutem maximam judico,

Cic. Deiot. 9, 26: vitae genus cum luxu aut cum frugalitate, Cels. praef. med.; cf.:

ex contrariis: frugalitas bonum, luxuria enim malum,

Quint. 5, 10, 73:

quod cessat ex reditu, frugalitate suppletur,

Plin. Ep. 2, 4, 3:

bona valetudo, quaeque eam maxime praestat frugalitas,

Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 3, 19; 12, 1, 8; Petr. 115:

frugalitas autem paupertas voluntaria est,

Sen. Ep. 17, 5:

luxurioso frugalitas poena est,

id. ib. 71, 23; id. Tranq. An. 1, 9.—Of speech:

quadam eloquentiae frugalitate contentos,

measure, Quint. 12, 10, 21.—

Transf., in concr. for fruges, fruits of the earth, App. M. 9, p. 233, 29.—

In a gen. sense, worth, virtue: temperans, quem Graeci sôphrona appellant, eamque virtutem sôphrosunên vocant, quam soleo equidem tum temperantiam, tum moderationem appellare, nonnumquam etiam modestiam:

sed haud scio an recte ea virtus frugalitas appellari possit, etc.... reliquas etiam virtutes frugalitas continet, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 8, 16 sq.; cf. id. ib. 4, 16, 36; Quint. 1, 6, 17; 29.

fulgeo, fulsi, 2 (ante-class. and poet. form acc. to the third conj.: fulgit, Lucil. and Pompon. ap. Non. 506, 8 and 9; Lucr. 5, 768 Lachm. N. cr.; 6, 160; 174; 214; fulgĕre, Pac., Att., Lucil. ap. Non. 506, 17 sq.; Lucr. 5, 1095; 6, 165; Verg. A. 6, 826; Val. Fl. 8, 284 al.; cf. Sen. Q. N. 2, 56), v. n. [Sanscr, bhrāg', to glow, gleam; Gr. phlegô, phlegethô, to burn, phlox, flame;

Lat. fulgur, fulmen, fulvus, flagrare, flamma, flāmen,

Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 187 ], to flash, to lighten (syn.: fulguro, splendeo, luceo).

Lit.:

si fulserit, si tonuerit, si tactum aliquid erit de caelo,

Cic. Div. 2, 72, 149:

cum aestate vehementius tonuit quam fulsit,

Plin. 18. 35, 81, § 354; Mel. 1, 19, 1; Lucr. 6, 160; 165:

Jove fulgente cum populo agi nefas esse,

Cic. Vatin. 8, 20; cf.:

Jove fulgente, tonante... caelo fulgente, tonante,

id. N. D. 2, 25, 65;

v. fulguro: tremulo tempestas impete fulgit,

Lucr. 6, 174:

fulsere ignes et aether,

Verg. A. 4, 167:

picei fulsere poli,

Val. Fl. 1, 622.—

Trop., of the vivid oratory of Pericles:

qui (Pericles) si tenui genere uteretur, numquam ab Aristophane poëta fulgere, tonare, permiscere Graeciam dictus esset,

Cic. Or. 9, 29 (acc. to Aristoph. Acharn. 530 sq.: Perikleês Oulumpios Êstrapten, ebronta, xunekuka tên Hellada); cf.:

fulgurare ac tonare,

Quint. 2, 16, 19.—

Transf., to flash, glitter, gleam, glare, glisten, shine (syn. splendeo).

Lit.:

qui nitent unguentis, qui fulgent purpurā,

Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 5:

marmorea tecta ebore et auro fulgentia,

id. Par. 1, 3, 13:

fulgentia signis castra,

Hor. C. 1, 7, 19: qui caelum versat stellis fulgentibus aptum, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 30 Vahl.); so id. ib. (Ann. v. 162 ib.):

caelo fulgebat luna sereno,

Hor. Epod. 15, 1; cf. id. C. 2, 16, 3; Ov. M. 2, 722:

fulgens contremuit domus Saturni (i. e. caelum),

Hor. C. 2, 12, 8:

micantes fulsere gladii,

Liv. 1, 25, 4; cf.:

fulgente decorus arcu Phoebus,

Hor. Carm. Sec. 61:

felium in tenebris fulgent radiantque oculi,

Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 151:

fulgentes oculi,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 15:

fulgentes Cycladae (on account of their marble),

id. ib. 3, 28, 14 (for which:

nitentes Cycladae,

id. ib. 1, 14, 19):

stet Capitolium fulgens (corresp. to lucidae sedes Olympi),

id. ib. 3, 3, 43:

argenti quod erat solis fulgebat in armis,

Juv. 11, 108.—

Trop., to shine, glitter; be conspicuous, illustrious (rare and mostly poet.):

(virtus) Intaminatis fulget honoribus,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 18:

indoles virtutis jam in adulescentulo,

Nep. Eum. 1, 4:

quondam nobili fulsi patre,

Sen. Med. 209:

fulgens imperio fertilis Africae,

Hor. C. 3, 16, 31:

fulgens sacerdotio,

Tac. H. 4, 42:

quae sanguine fulget Juli,

Juv. 8, 42.—Hence, ful-gens, entis, P. a., shining, glittering; in a trop. sense, illustrious.—Comp.:

fulgentior,

Sen. Ep. 115, 4.— Sup.:

Messala fulgentissimus juvenis,

Vell. 2, 71, 1:

opus Caesaris,

id. 2, 39, 1:

(M. Tullius) fulgentissimo et caelesti ore,

id. 2, 64, 3:

duo fulgentissima cognomina patris et patrui,

Val. Max. 3, 5, 1.— Adv.: fulgenter, glitteringly, resplendently.

Lit.:

quia sic fulgentius radiant,

Plin. 10, 20, 22, § 43. —

Trop.:

fulgentius instrui poterat luxuria, certe innocentius,

Plin. 22, 2, 3, § 4.

hărēna (better than ărēna, Bramb. s. v. Rib. Prol. Verg. p. 422, and v. infra), ae, f. [Sabin. fas-ena; from Sanscr. root bhas-, to shine, gleam, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 102].

Prop., sand (syn.:

sabulum, glarea, suburra): harenae tria genera,

Plin. 36, 23, 54, § 175:

magnus congestus harenae,

Lucr. 6, 724; 726:

litoris incurvi bibulam pavit aequor harenam,

the thirsty sand of the curved shore, id. 2, 376; so,

bibula harena,

Verg. G. 1, 114 (Rib. and Forbig., but Conington arena):

sicca,

id. ib. 1, 389:

sterilis,

id. ib. 1, 70:

mollis,

Ov. M. 2, 577:

opaci omnis harena Tagi, i. e. the gold it was believed to contain,

Juv. 3, 55 (cf. Plin. 4, 21, 35, § 115):

nivis more incidens,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 30, 2.— Poet.:

harena nigra, = limus,

slime, mud, Verg. G. 4, 292.— Plur. (postAug.; its use is said by Gell. 19, 8, 3, to have been ridiculed by Cæsar as a verbi vitium):

arenae carae, of the golden sands of Pactolus,

Ov. M. 11, 88 Merk.:

quem (delphina) postquam bibulis inlisit fluctus harenis,

id. H. 18, 201:

summae cauda verruntur arenae,

id. M. 10, 701 Merk.; so id. ib. 2, 456; 865; 11, 231; 499; 15, 268; 279; Stat. S. 4, 3, 23 Queck; Col. 1 praef. 24;

but harenae,

Ov. Am. 2, 11, 47; Verg. G. 2, 106; 3, 350; Hor. C. 3, 4, 31 K. and H.:

arenarum inculta vastitas,

Sen. Q. N. 1 prol. 8;

of the bottom of the sea: furit aestus harenis,

Verg. A. 1, 107:

aestu miscentur harenae,

id. ib. 3, 557.—Prov.

Quid harenae semina mandas? Ov. H. 5, 115; cf. id. Tr. 5, 4, 48.—

Ex incomprehensibili pravitate arenae funis effici non potest, Col. 10 praef. § 4.—

Arena sine calce, said by Caligula of Seneca, because his sentences seem like independent maxims, without connection, Suet. Cal. 53.—

Of vast numbers:

sicut arena quae est in litore maris,

Vulg. Judic. 7, 12; id. Gen. 22, 17.—

Meton.

In gen., sand, sands, a sandy place:

ut cum urbis vendiderit, tum arenam aliquam emat,

Cic. Agr. 2, 27, 71 B. and K.—

Esp.

A sandy desert, waste (mostly post-Aug.):

cum super Libycas victor penderet arenas,

Ov. M. 4, 617; Luc. 2, 417:

nigras inter harenas,

Prop. 4 (5), 6, 83:

Memnonis effigies, disjectas inter et vix pervias arenas,

Tac. A. 2, 61.—

The shore of the sea, the beach, coast, strand:

cum mare permotum ventis ruit intus harenam,

Lucr. 6, 726: litoream arenam sulcare, Ov. M. 15, 725:

doque leves saltus udaeque inmittor arenae,

id. ib. 3, 599:

multaque perpessae (carinae) Phrygia potiuntur arena,

id. ib. 12, 38:

sub noctem potitur classis arena,

id. ib. 13, 729.—So sing., Verg. A. 1, 540; 5, 34; 6, 316; 11, 626 al.—

The place of combat in the amphitheatre (strewn with sand), the arena:

in amphitheatri arena,

Suet. Ner. 53; id. Tit. 8:

missus in arenam aper,

id. Tib. 72; id. Aug. 43:

comminus ursos figebat Numidas Albana nudus harena venator,

Juv. 4, 100; 2, 144; 8, 206:

juvenes in arenam luxuria projecit,

Sen. Ep. 99, 13.—

Transf.

A combat in the amphitheatre:

in harenam se dare,

Dig. 11, 4, 5 fin.:

operas arenae promittere,

Tac. A. 14, 14:

in opera scaenae arenaeque edenda,

Suet. Tib. 35:

scaenae arenaeque devotus,

id. Cal. 30.—

The combatants in the arena: cum et juris idem (i. e. testandi libertas) contingat harenae, the gladiators have the right, etc., Juv. 6, 217.—

Harena urens, volcanic fire, lava:

Aetna ingentem vim arenae urentis effudit,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 30, 1.—

Trop., the place of combat, scene or theatre of any contest (war, a single battle, a dispute, etc.):

civilis belli arena,

Flor. 4, 2, 18; 4, 7, 6; cf. id. 3, 21, 1; Luc. 6, 63:

in harena mea, hoc est apud centumviros,

Plin. Ep. 6, 12, 2.

impōno, pŏsŭi, pŏsĭtum, 3 (arch. forms of the perf. imposivit, Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 27:

imposisse,

id. Most. 2, 2, 4; sync. form of the part. perf. impostus, a, um, Lucr. 5, 543; Verg. A. 9, 716; Val. Fl. 4, 186; Prop. 5, 2, 29; Stat. Th. 1, 227 al.), v. a. [in-pono], to place, put, set, or lay into, upon or in a place (very freq. and class.); constr. usu. with aliquid in aliquam rem or alicui rei; rarely in aliqua re or absol.

Lit.

In gen.: pedem in undam. Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 4:

hunc in collum,

id. Pers. 4, 6, 10:

aliquem in rogum,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 35, 85; cf.:

in ignem imposita'st: fletur,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 102:

omnem aciem suam redis et carris circumdederunt: eo mulieres imposuerunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 51 fin.:

milites eo (i. e. in equos),

id. ib. 1, 42, 5:

aliquid in foco Lari,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 16:

coronam auream litteris,

Cic. Fl. 31, 76; cf.:

collegae diadema,

id. Phil. 5, 12:

operi incohato fastigium,

id. Off. 3, 7, 33:

pondera nobis,

Lucr. 5, 543:

serta delubris et farra cultris,

Juv. 12, 84:

clitellas bovi,

Cic. Att. 5, 15, 3:

juvenes rogis,

Verg. G. 4, 477:

artus mensis,

Ov. M. 1, 230:

aliquid mensis,

id. F. 2, 473: natum axi (i. e. in currum). Stat. Th. 6, 321:

frontibus ancillarum vittas,

Juv. 12, 118:

ali quem mannis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 77:

aliquem jumento,

Gell. 20, 1, 11:

Pelion Olympo,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 52:

arces montibus impositae,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 253; cf. id. C. 4, 14, 12:

impositum saxis Anxur,

id. S. 1, 5, 26:

celeri raptos per inania vento Imposuit caelo,

placed them in the heavens, Ov. M. 2, 507:

(Romulum) ablatum terris caelo,

id. ib. 14, 811:

hoc metuens molemque et montes insuper altos Imposuit,

Verg. A. 1, 62; cf.:

pedem super cervicem jacentis,

Curt. 9, 7 fin.:

haec super imposuit liquidum aethera,

Ov. M. 1, 67:

ei jus est in infinito supra suum aedificium imponere,

to build, Dig. 8, 2, 24:

pontibus praesidiisque impositis,

Tac. A. 2, 11:

pons lapideus flumini impositus,

Curt. 5, 1, 29:

quidvis oneris impone, impera,

Ter. And. 5, 3, 26; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 29:

nec peredit Impositam celer ignis Aetnam,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 76:

diadema imposuit,

Quint. 9, 3, 61:

pars togae, quae postea imponitur,

id. 11, 3, 140. —

In partic.

Naut. t. t., to put on board ship, to embark; with in and acc.:

quicquid domi fuit in navem imposivit,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 27: in quas (naves) exercitus ejus imponi posset, Lentul. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 14, 1:

legiones equitesque Brundisii in naves,

Caes. B. C. 3, 14, 1:

aeris magno pondere in naves imposito,

id. ib. 3, 103, 1.—With dat.:

et nos in aeternum Exsilium impositura cymbae,

Hor. C. 2, 3, 28:

ut semel imposita est pictae Philomela carinae,

Ov. M. 6, 511.—With adv.:

deprehensis navibus circiter quinquaginta atque eo militibus inpositis,

Caes. B. G. 7, 58, 4:

scaphas contexit, eoque milites imposuit,

id. B. C. 3, 24, 1. — With abl.: vetustissima nave impositi, Caes. ap. Suet. Caes. 66. — Absol.:

ipsi expediti naves conscenderent, quo major numerus militum posset imponi,

Caes. B. C. 3, 6, 1:

cum Crassus exercitum Brundisii imponeret,

Cic. Div. 2, 40, 84:

signa nostra velim imponas,

id. Att. 1, 10, 3:

per istos quae volebat clam imponenda curabat,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23.—

Med. t. t., to apply a remedy externally:

alium imponitur in vulnera,

Plin. 20, 6, 23, § 50:

porrum vulneribus,

id. 20, 6, 21, § 47:

raphanos super umbilicum contra tormenta vulvae,

id. 20, 4, 13, § 27:

imponuntur et per se folia,

id. 23, 7, 71, § 138.—

Of animals, to put the male to the female:

asinum equae,

Col. 6, 36, 4; 7, 2, 5.—In mal. part., Juv. 6, 334.

Trop.

In gen., to put or lay upon, to impose; to throw or inflict upon; to put, set, or give to:

culpam omnem in med inponito,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 54: cujus amicitia me paulatim in hanc perditam causam imposuit, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 17, 1:

ne magnum onus observantiae Bruto nostro imponerem,

Cic. Att, 13, 11, 1:

onus alicui,

id. Fam. 6, 7, 6; 13, 56, 1; id. Rep. 1, 23; cf.:

plus militi laboris,

id. Mur. 18, 38:

graviores labores sibi,

Caes. B. C. 3, 74, 2:

illi illud negotium,

Cic. Sest. 28, 60:

vos mihi personam hanc imposuistis, ut, etc.,

id. Agr. 2, 18, 49; cf. Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 10, 2:

si mihi imposuisset aliquid,

Cic. Att. 15, 26, 4:

ego mihi necessitatem volui imponere hujus novae conjunctionis,

id. ib. 4, 5, 2; cf. id. Sull. 12, 35:

mihi impone istam vim, ut, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 60, § 138:

rei publicae vulnera,

id. Fin. 2, 24, 66; so,

vulnus rei publicae,

id. Att. 1, 16, 7:

plagam mortiferam rei publicae,

id. Sest. 19, 44:

quibus injurias plurimas contumeliasque imposuisti,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 9, § 20:

injuriam sine ignominia alicui,

id. Quint. 31, 96; cf. id. Rep. 1, 3:

servitus fundo illi imposita,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 2, § 3:

servitutem civibus,

Sall. Or. ad Caes. 2:

belli invidiam consuli,

id. C. 43, 1:

leges civitati per vim imposuit,

Cic. Phil. 7, 5, 15:

leges alicui,

id. ib. 12, 1, 2; id. Rep. 1, 34; cf.:

saevas imponite leges, ut, etc.,

Juv. 7, 229:

nimis duras leges huic aetati,

Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 256:

huic praedae ac direptioni cellae nomen imponis,

assign, give, id. Verr. 2, 3, 85, § 197:

nomen alicui,

Liv. 35, 47, 5; Quint. 8, 3, 7; Tac. A. 4, 34; 14, 39 et saep.; cf.:

imponens cognata vocabula rebus,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 280:

finem imponere volumini,

Quint. 9, 4, 146:

finem spei,

Liv. 5, 4, 10:

clausulam disputationi,

Col. 3, 19, 3; cf.: quasi perfectis summam eloquentiae manum imponerent, gave the last touch to, Quint. prooem. §

4: summam manum operi,

Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 16; Sen. Ep. 12, 4; Vell. 2, 33, 1; 2, 87, 1; Gell. 17, 10, 5; Quint. 1 prooem. 4:

extremam manum bello,

Verg. A. 7, 573:

manum supremam bellis,

Ov. R. Am. 114:

modum alicui,

Liv. 4, 24, 7:

modum dolori,

Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 16:

modum divortiis,

Suet. Aug. 34.—Prov.:

imponit finem sapiens et rebus honestis,

Juv. 6, 444 (453).—

In partic.

To set over, as overseer, commander, etc.:

si emimus, quem vilicum imponeremus, quem pecori praeficeremus,

Cic. Planc. 25, 62:

consul est impositus is nobis, quem, etc.,

id. Att. 1, 18, 3:

Lacedaemonii devictis Atheniensibus triginta viros imposuere,

Sall. C. 51, 28:

Macedoniae regem,

Liv. 40, 12, 15; cf.:

Masinissam in Syphacis regnum,

id. 37, 25, 9:

Cappadociae consularem rectorem,

Suet. Vesp. 8:

quid si domini milites imperatoribus imponantur?

Liv. 45, 36, 8:

itaque imposuistis cervicibus nostris sempiternum dominum (deum),

Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 54 (al. in cervicibus).—

To lay or impose upon, as a burden, tax, etc.: omnibus agris publicis pergrande vectigal. Cic. Agr. 1, 4, 10:

vectigal fructibus,

id. Font. 5, 10:

stipendium victis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 44, 5:

tributa genti,

Suet. Dom. 12; so, tributi aliquid alicui, id. Calig. 40; cf.:

tributum in capita singula,

Caes. B. C. 3, 32, 1:

frumentum,

Cic. Att. 15, 10:

nulla onera nova,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 49 fin. —

Alicui, to impose upon, deceive, cheat, trick (= frustror, fallo, fraudo, circumvenio):

Catoni egregie imposuit Milo noster,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 5:

si mihi imposuisset aliquid,

id. Att. 15, 26, 4: populo imposuimus et oratores visi sumus, id. ap. Quint. 8, 6, 20 and 55:

praefectis Antigoni imposuit,

Nep. Eum. 5, 7; Plin. Ep. 3, 15, 3:

facile est barbato inponere regi,

Juv. 4, 103:

falluntur quibus luxuria specie liberalitatis imponit,

Tac. H. 1, 30.— Pass. impers.:

utcumque imponi vel dormienti posset,

Petr. 102.

in-cēdo, cessi, cessum ( sync. perf. incesti, Plaut. Cas. 3, 6, 11), 3, v. n. and a., to go, step, or march along at a measured pace (class.).

Lit.

In gen.

Neutr.:

tenero et molli ingressu suspendimus gradum: non ambulamus, sed incedimus,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 31:

per vias,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 71; cf.:

socios per ipsos,

Verg. A. 5, 188:

viā,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 32:

tota in urbe,

Ov. F. 6, 653:

quacumque incederet,

Cic. Div. 1, 24, 49:

quam taeter incedebat, quam truculentus,

id. Sest. 8, 19:

incessit deinde, qua duxit praedae spes, victor exercitus,

Liv. 8, 36, 9:

etiam si pedes incedat, memorabilem fore,

id. 28, 9, 15: servi pedibus, liberi non nisi equis incedunt. i. e. walk... ride, Just. 41, 3, 4; cf.:

incedunt pueri, pariterque ante ora parentum Frenatis lucent in equis,

Verg. A. 5, 553:

a foro domum,

Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 6:

sessum impransum,

id. Poen. prol. 10:

qui huc incedit,

id. Most. 1, 3, 152:

ad me,

id. Am. 1, 1, 179:

huc ad nos,

id. Trin. 5, 2, 27; cf.:

undique nuntii incedunt, qui afferrent, etc.,

Tac. A. 11, 32:

ut ovans praeda onustus incederem,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 146:

vix incedo inanis, ne ire posse cum onere existumes,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 174:

quem modo decoratum ovantemque victoria incedentem vidistis,

Liv. 1, 16, 10; 2, 6, 7:

claro honore,

Lucr. 3, 76:

omnibus laetitiis,

Cic. Fam. 2, 9, 2:

incedunt per ora vestra magnifici,

Sall. J. 31, 10:

ego quae divum incedo regina,

who walk majestic as, who am, Verg. A. 1, 46; cf. Prop. 2, 2, 6:

matrona incedit census induta nepotum,

id. 3, 13, 11 (4, 12):

ut mea Luxuria Nemesis fluat ut que per urbem Incedat donis conspicienda meis,

Tib. 2, 3, 52.—

With acc.:

incedunt maestos locos,

Tac. A. 1, 61:

scaenam,

id. ib. 14, 15:

fontem aquae nando,

id. ib. 14, 22.—

In partic., in milit. lang., to move forwards, advance, march:

barbari in perculsos Romanos acrius incedere,

Sall. J. 101, 7:

in erumpentes,

Liv. 9, 21:

cohortes paulatim incedere jubet,

Sall. C. 60, 1:

munito agmine,

id. J. 46, 6:

agmen reliquum incedere coepit,

Liv. 21, 33, 1:

segnius Hispanorum signa incedebant,

id. 28, 14, 18:

Sabini usque ad portas urbis populantes incessere,

id. 2, 63, 7:

propius incedentes,

Tac. A. 4, 47:

quod gnarum duci incessitque itineri et proelio paratus,

id. ib. 1, 51 (Ritter, but Halm omits paratus).—

Trop.

In gen. (rare):

malitiae lenonis contra incedam,

will encounter, Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 31:

facilius ad inventionem animus incedet si, etc.,

will proceed to, Cic. Inv. 2, 14, 45 Orell. N. cr. —

In partic.

To triumph over, exult over; with dat.:

meo nunc superbus incedis malo,

Hor. Epod. 15, 18:

ille superbus incedet victis rivalibus,

Juv. 12, 126.—

Of inanim. and abstr. subjects, to come to, happen to, befall, attack, seize one; to approach, arrive, appear, occur (perh. not in Cic.); constr. with dat., acc., in and acc., or absol.

With dat. (so most freq.):

exercitui omni tantus incessit ex incommodo dolor, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 3, 74, 1:

magnus omnium incessit timor animis,

id. ib. 2, 29, 1:

mulieres, quibus belli timor insolitus incesserat, etc.,

Sall. C. 31, 3 Kritz N. cr.; id. H. 2, 60:

gravior cura patribus incessit,

Liv. 4, 57, 10:

incedebat enim deterrimo cuique licentia,

Tac. A. 3, 36:

cupido incessit animo,

Curt. 7, 11, 4; 3, 1, 16:

si sterilitas annorum incessit hominibus,

Col. 2, 10, 1; Val. Max. 1, 8, 5.—

With acc.:

ipsum ingens cupido incesserat Tarenti potiundi,

Liv. 24, 13, 5:

timor patres incessit, ne, etc.,

id. 1, 17, 4; 2, 7, 1; 2, 32, 1;

7, 39, 4 et saep.: indignatio hostes incessit,

id. 3, 60:

adversa valetudo aliquem,

Tac. A. 3, 71:

ingens animos desperatio incessit,

Curt. 4, 2, 16; 3, 8, 25:

stupor omnes et admiratio incessit,

Just. 22, 6, 11: cupido incessit aliquem (with acc. and inf.), Sulp. Sev. Chron. 1, 38, 6; 2, 16, 3.—

With in and acc.:

vis morbi, pestilentia incedit in castra, in Poenos Romanosque,

Liv. 29, 10, 3: pestilentia incesserat pari clade in Romanos [p. 918] Poenosque, id. 28, 46, 15.—

Absol.:

nova nunc religio unde istaec incessit?

Ter. And. 4, 3, 15:

tantus eo facto timor incessit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 101;

Auct. B. Alex. 7: postquam tenebrae incedebant,

Tac. A. 15, 37; cf.:

ubi crepusculum incesserit,

Col. 11, 1, 18:

ubi tempestas incessit,

id. 12, 2, 5:

frigora,

id. 12, 52, 12:

siccitates,

id. 5, 9, 11:

lascivia atque superbia incessere,

Sall. J. 41, 3:

ubi Romam legati venere, tanta commutatio incessit, uti, etc.,

id. ib. 13, 7:

religio deinde incessit, vitio eos creatos,

Liv. 8, 17, 4:

ubi pro modestia ac pudore ambitio et vis incedebat,

Tac. A. 3, 26:

haud invito imperatore ea fieri occultus rumor incedebat,

went abroad, spread about, id. ib. 2, 55 fin.

incumbo, cŭbŭi, cŭbĭtum, ĕre, v. n. [1. incubo], to lay one ' s self upon, to lean or recline upon a thing (cf. ingruo; class., partic. in the trop. sense).

Lit., constr. with in, ad, super, or dat.; also with the simple acc.:

olivae,

Verg. E. 8, 16:

in parietem,

Dig. 39, 2, 28:

densis ordinibus nunc alii in alios, nunc in scuta incumbentes sustinebant impetus Romanorum,

Liv. 35, 5, 7:

toro,

Verg. A. 4, 650:

materiae,

Curt. 8, 10, 25:

terrae,

Tac. A. 2, 17:

super praedam,

to lie upon, Petr. 80:

in eum,

Curt. 6, 9: ad vos, Ov. M. 9, 385:

cumulatis in aqua sarcinis insuper incumbebant,

Liv. 22, 2, 8:

validis incumbere remis,

Verg. A. 5, 15; 10, 294; Curt. 9, 9, 4.—Of the heavens:

cava in se convexitas vergit, et cardini suo, hoc est terrae, undique incumbit,

Plin. 2, 64, 64, § 160:

mare,

to cast itself into the sea, id. 5, 32, 40, § 141: fessi arma sua, Sall. Fragm. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 9, 229:

tecto incubuit bubo,

perched on, Ov. M. 6, 432:

gladium faciam culcitam, camque incumbam,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 29.—

Transf., to lean or incline towards, to overhang; to rush towards:

silex prona jugo laevum incumbebat ad amnem,

Verg. A. 8, 236:

laurus incumbens arae,

id. ib. 2, 514: in gladium, to fall on one ' s sword, Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154:

gladio,

Auct. Her. 1, 11, 18:

ferro,

Phaedr. 3, 10, 33:

in hostem,

to press upon the enemy, Liv. 30, 34, 2; cf.:

duo duces circumstare urbem... et unum in locum totam periculi molem, omne onus incubuisse,

id. 27, 40, 6.—

Trop.

To press upon, burden, oppress, weigh upon:

incubuere (venti) mari,

Verg. A. 1, 84:

tempestas a vertice silvis incubuit,

id. G. 2, 311:

gravis incumbens scopulis aestas,

id. ib. 2, 377:

febrium terris incubuit cohors,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 30:

(aestus) incubuit populo,

Lucr. 6, 142. — Absol.:

saevior armis Luxuria incubuit,

Just. 6, 292.—

To bend one ' s attention to, to apply or devote one ' s self to, to exert one ' s self, or take pains with, pay attention to; constr. with in, ad, or dat.:

rogandis legibus,

Flor. 3, 16:

ceris et stilo,

Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 9:

labori,

Sil. 4, 820:

toto pectore novae cogitationi,

Tac. Or. 3:

et animo et opibus in bellum,

Caes. B. G. 7, 76:

ut jam inclinato (judici) reliqua incumbat oratio,

press upon, exert influence on, Cic. de Or. 2, 79, 324; cf.:

invidia mihi incumbit,

Tac. A. 14, 54:

in aliquod studium,

Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 34:

in causam,

id. Phil. 4, 5, 12:

acrius graviusque ad ulciscendas rei publicae injurias,

id. ib. 6, 1, 2:

tota mente in aliquam curam et cogitationem,

id. Fam. 10, 3, 3:

toto pectore ad laudem,

id. ib. 10, 12, 2:

omni cogitatione curaque in rem publicam,

id. ib. 1, 2:

fato urguenti incumbere,

to press on, hasten, Verg. A. 2, 653.—With inf.:

sarcire ruinas,

Verg. G. 4, 249:

delatorem pervertere,

Tac. H. 2, 10.—With ut and subj.:

Appius Claudius... cum suis tum totius nobilitatis viribus incubuit, ut, etc.,

Liv. 10, 15, 8.— Absol.:

nunc, nunc incumbere tempus,

Ov. M. 10, 657.—

To incline, choose, be inclined to, lean towards:

hoc servi esse officium reor,... non quo incumbat eum (i. e. erum) inpellere,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 8:

ut eos, qui audiunt, quocumque incubuerit, possit impellere,

whithersoever he may incline, choose, Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 55:

eodem incumbunt municipia,

are inclined the same way, id. Phil. 6, 7, 18:

ad voluntatem perferendae legis,

id. Att. 1, 19, 4:

voluntatum inclinatio ad virum bonum,

to lean towards, turn to, id. Mur. 26, 53: in causam, Cael. ad Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 3:

in cupiditatem,

Cic. Att. 5, 13, 3:

in illo,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 6.—

To be incumbent upon one as a duty (post-class.):

accusandi necessitas domino,

Dig. 48, 2, 5:

ei probatio,

ib. 22, 3, 2:

judici omnium rerum officium,

ib. 21, 1, 25.

ĭnīquĭtas, ātis ( gen. plur. iniquitatium, Tert. Spect. 2), f. [iniquus], unequalness.

Lit.

Unevenness, of the ground:

loci,

Caes. B. G. 7, 45:

in talibus iniquitatibus locorum,

Liv. 38, 22, 3.—

Inequality, of weight:

ponderis,

App. M. 7, p. 195, 38.—

Excessiveness, that exceeds one ' s strength:

operis,

Col. 2, 4, 6.—

Trop.

Unfavorableness, adverseness, difficulty, hardness:

loci,

Liv. 2, 65, 5:

in tanta rerum iniquitate,

Caes. B. G. 2, 22 fin.:

temporum iniquitate pressi,

Liv. 35, 16, 11:

temporis,

Curt. 7, 7, 3:

propter iniquitatem temporum,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 1, 1;

with acerbitas,

id. ib. 29, 81.—

Unfairness, injustice, unreasonableness:

aequitas, temperantia, fortitudo certant cum iniquitate, luxuria, ignavia,

Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 25:

praetoris,

id. Quint. 2, 9:

in tanta hominum perfidia et iniquitate,

id. Fam. 1, 2, 4; id. Verr. 2, 3, 89, § 207:

iniquitates potestatum,

Plin. 28, 8, 27, § 106:

Vespasiano ad obtinendas iniquitates haud perinde obstinante,

unreasonable demands in the shape of taxes, Tac. H. 2, 84:

exitii,

id. A. 16, 17:

summae iniquitatis se condemnari debere,

would render himself guilty of the highest injustice, Caes. B. G. 7, 19:

quae si vobis non probabuntur, vestram iniquitatem accusatote,

your unreasonable demands, Cic. de Or. 1, 48, 208; so of unreasonable harshness, id. Caecin. 23, 65:

iniquitatem deum atque execrabilem fortunam suam incusabant,

Liv. 26, 34, 13:

ab iniquitate judicis victoriam sperare,

partiality, Gai. Inst. 4, 178.— Plur.:

juris emendatae edicto Praetoris,

Gai. Inst. 3, 25; 41: calumniantium, acts of injustice, Just. Inst. prooem. init.

in-vălesco, valŭi, 3, v. n. inch. [valeo], to become strong; only trop.

To grow strong or powerful:

tantum opibus invaluit,

Cic. Mur. 15; Tac. H. 2, 98.—

To increase, prevail, predominate:

libido atque luxuria invaluerat,

Suet. Vesp. 11:

appellatio grammaticorum invaluit,

id. Gramm. 4:

amor,

Plin. Ep. 6, 8, 2:

consuetudo,

id. ib. 6, 2, 5:

vitiis invalescentibus,

Suet. Ner. 27:

consuetudo cotidie magis invalescit,

Quint. 2, 1, 1:

hic effectus (opp. nihil efficit),

id. 6, 1, 44.—

To come into use:

verba intercidunt, invalescuntque temporibus,

Quint. 10, 2, 13.