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81 помимо использования дорогого угля с малым содержанием серы выбросы диоксид
General subject: in addition to the possibility of using expensive low-sulfur coal, emissions of sulfur dioxide from power plants can be reduced by cleansing the coal of its sulfur prior useУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > помимо использования дорогого угля с малым содержанием серы выбросы диоксид
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82 Ballastkohle
f < verbr> ■ impure coal; low-grade coal -
83 Magerkohle
f < min> (zw. Braunkohle und Anthrazit; Destillat reagiert basisch; 75-91,5% C) ■ low-grade anthracite; semianthracite coal; semianthracite; lean coal -
84 Schwelkohle
f < verbr> ■ low-temperature carbonization coal; high-bituminous lignite; tar coal -
85 Steinkohle
f < min> (zw. Braunkohle und Anthrazit; Destillat reagiert basisch; 75-91,5% C) ■ low-grade anthracite; semianthracite coal; semianthracite; lean coal -
86 средний
Средний (участок)-- The duct was designed so that the midsection of its upper wall could be readily removed to provide easy access to the test section. Средний - average, mean (о значении); middle, mid... (в пространстве); medium (по качеству, степени); overall (по поверхности, объёму); bulk (по массе); intermediate (промежуточный); moderate (умеренный)The latter comparison shows an average deviation of less than four percent.For this work, the free stream temperature was replaced by the mean temperature.The main component of the apparatus was a flat rectangular duct whose middle length served as the test section.Inland blends high-volatile Illinois coal with medium-volatile West Virginia coal for its batteries.Second, the overall heat transfer data are presented and compared to the theoretical predictions of Ch. [...] for low Grashof numbers.Most wear alloys consist of several phases of different microhardness and the bulk hardness is related to the size and distribution of these second phases.The particulate size distributions are shown for the intermediate and high firing rates in Figs.... and..., respectively.At high and moderate levels of starvation the optimum L/D ratio is independent of load.Средний из (четырех отсчётов)-- Except as noted (*), all values represent an average of 4 readings. Средний между-- Physical properties occurring in the correlations have been taken at a temperature equal to the mean of the inlet temperature and the adiabatic flame temperature.—отличаться в среднем на—отличаться от среднего значения не более, чем наРусско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > средний
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87 низкосортный уголь
immature coal, low-grade coalРусско-английский политехнический словарь > низкосортный уголь
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88 Chapelon, André
[br]b. 26 October 1892 Saint-Paul-en-Cornillon, Loire, Franced. 29 June 1978 Paris, France[br]French locomotive engineer who developed high-performance steam locomotives.[br]Chapelon's technical education at the Ecole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures, Paris, was interrupted by extended military service during the First World War. From experience of observing artillery from the basket of a captive balloon, he developed a method of artillery fire control which was more accurate than that in use and which was adopted by the French army.In 1925 he joined the motive-power and rolling-stock department of the Paris-Orléans Railway under Chief Mechanical Engineer Maurice Lacoin and was given the task of improving the performance of its main-line 4–6–2 locomotives, most of them compounds. He had already made an intensive study of steam locomotive design and in 1926 introduced his Kylchap exhaust system, based in part on the earlier work of the Finnish engineer Kyläla. Chapelon improved the entrainment of the hot gases in the smokebox by the exhaust steam and so minimized back pressure in the cylinders, increasing the power of a locomotive substantially. He also greatly increased the cross-sectional area of steam passages, used poppet valves instead of piston valves and increased superheating of steam. PO (Paris-Orléans) 4–6–2s rebuilt on these principles from 1929 onwards proved able to haul 800-ton trains, in place of the previous 500-ton trains, and to do so to accelerated schedules with reduced coal consumption. Commencing in 1932, some were converted, at the time of rebuilding, into 4–8–0s to increase adhesive weight for hauling heavy trains over the steeply graded Paris-Toulouse line.Chapelon's principles were quickly adopted on other French railways and elsewhere.H.N. Gresley was particularly influenced by them. After formation of the French National Railways (SNCF) in 1938, Chapelon produced in 1941 a prototype rebuilt PO 2–10–0 freight locomotive as a six-cylinder compound, with four low-pressure cylinders to maximize expansive use of steam and with all cylinders steam-jacketed to minimize heat loss by condensation and radiation. War conditions delayed extended testing until 1948–52. Meanwhile Chapelon had, by rebuilding, produced in 1946 a high-powered, three-cylinder, compound 4–8–4 intended as a stage in development of a proposed range of powerful and thermally efficient steam locomotives for the postwar SNCF: a high-speed 4–6–4 in this range was to run at sustained speeds of 125 mph (200 km/h). However, plans for improved steam locomotives were then overtaken in France by electriflcation and dieselization, though the performance of the 4–8–4, which produced 4,000 hp (3,000 kW) at the drawbar for the first time in Europe, prompted modification of electric locomotives, already on order, to increase their power.Chapelon retired from the SNCF in 1953, but continued to act as a consultant. His principles were incorporated into steam locomotives built in France for export to South America, and even after the energy crisis of 1973 he was consulted on projects to build improved, high-powered steam locomotives for countries with reserves of cheap coal. The eventual fall in oil prices brought these to an end.[br]Bibliography1938, La Locomotive à vapeur, Paris: J.B.Bailière (a comprehensive summary of contemporary knowledge of every function of the locomotive).Further ReadingH.C.B.Rogers, 1972, Chapelon, Genius of French Steam, Shepperton: Ian Allan.1986, "André Chapelon, locomotive engineer: a survey of his work", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 58 (a symposium on Chapelon's work).Obituary, 1978, Railway Engineer (September/October) (makes reference to the technical significance of Chapelon's work).PJGR -
89 низкотемпературное коксование
1) Engineering: low-temperature carbonization, low-temperature coking, semicoking2) Coal: semi coking, semi-cokingУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > низкотемпературное коксование
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90 встраивать
. включать•Today, the trend is to integrate small digital computers into the outlying parts of power control systems, such as telemetering systems.
* * *Встраивать в -- to build into; to retrofit to (в существующее оборудование)Channels for cooling water flow have been built into the upper end of the shaft for future use with heated specimen.Most flue gas conditioning systems have been retrofitted to existing boilers in order to burn low-sulfur coal without particulate emission problems.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > встраивать
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91 истощаться
•The supply of coal in the bin is getting low (or dwindling, or running short, or nearly exhausted, or coming to an end).
•When an oil field runs dry,...
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > истощаться
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92 означать
•The term thermodynamics implies a study of the flow of heat.
•This sharp enhancement signalled the existence of a new kind of quark.
•Such a low level does not necessarily mean (or signify) that...
•These bands signify the presence of a vinyl group.
•Equation (.2) implies that...
•For ligands of rather similar type an increase in ligand basic strength implies an increase in its metal-chelating ability.
•Bonding also refers to the fastening together of two prices by means of adhesives.
II•denotes mobility.
•() stands for the input.
•In this paper "mining" will be taken to mean "coal mining".
•signifies the concentration of...
•Here, represents the radiant energy density.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > означать
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93 по сравнению с
•The asteroid would then have a period of revolution of about six years as compared with (or to) Jupiter's period of twelve years.
•The hopper machine gives a substantial increase in loading rate as against the standard loader.
•These fuels are scarce (as) compared to (or with) coal.
•The first part outlines the distinctive characteristics of nuclear as opposed to conventional fuel.
•Compared to conventional enamels, low-temperature enamels have proper resistance to...
•A reduction in width of the heads standard can produce an increase in noise level.
•The variations are even smaller in (or by) comparison with (or to)...
•Improvements on the original torches concern new types of heat elements.
•Roof bolts have several advantages over other methods of roof support.
•Relative to chemical methods of analysis, chromatographic methods have many unique features.
•Even by comparison with a white dwarf a neutron star is tiny.
•The heat loss through the wall of the oven will be small in relation to the energy-delivery capability of the final control elements.
•When compared to the copper wire in a cable, the cellular core is a poor conductor.
•This volume is small when compared to the volume in cans.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > по сравнению с
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94 битуминозный уголь с низким содержанием летучих веществ
Makarov: low-volatile bituminous coalУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > битуминозный уголь с низким содержанием летучих веществ
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95 генераторный газ низкой теплоты сгорания
Engineering: low-energy coal-derived gasУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > генераторный газ низкой теплоты сгорания
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96 долговременные контракты со сталелитейной промышленности заключаются в Соединённых Штатах главным образом на уголь с низким содержанием
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > долговременные контракты со сталелитейной промышленности заключаются в Соединённых Штатах главным образом на уголь с низким содержанием
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97 каменный уголь с малым содержанием летучих
Mining: low-volatile bituminous coalУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > каменный уголь с малым содержанием летучих
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98 низкокалорийные угли
Mining: low-energy coalУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > низкокалорийные угли
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99 низкококачественный уголь
Makarov: low-rank coalУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > низкококачественный уголь
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100 низкосернистый уголь
Makarov: low-sulfur coalУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > низкосернистый уголь
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