-
21 lay reader (In the Church of England, a layman licensed by the bishop to conduct church services; namely, Morning and Evening Prayer, and the Litany)
Религия: чтец из мирянУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > lay reader (In the Church of England, a layman licensed by the bishop to conduct church services; namely, Morning and Evening Prayer, and the Litany)
-
22 faldstool (The desk from which the litany is read in Anglican churches)
Религия: небольшой аналой в англиканской церквиУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > faldstool (The desk from which the litany is read in Anglican churches)
-
23 Avinu Malkenu (Our Father, Our King, the opening words of each verse of a Jewish litany of supplication)
Религия: "Абину Малкену"Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Avinu Malkenu (Our Father, Our King, the opening words of each verse of a Jewish litany of supplication)
-
24 Rogation Days
1) Общая лексика: молебственные дни (три дня перед Вознесением)2) Религия: молебственные дни в Римско-католической церкви, (In the Roman Catholic church, festivals devoted to special prayers for the crops; they comprise the Major Litany on April 25 and the Minor Litany on the three days before Ascension Day) молебственные дни -
25 faithful
1. n обыкн. собир. верующие, правоверные2. n обыкн. собир. ирон. часто ортодоксы3. a верный, преданный4. a правдивый, заслуживающий доверия; достоверный5. a точный, верныйfaithful portrait — правдивая картина; верный портрет
6. a добросовестныйСинонимический ряд:1. constant (adj.) constant; dedicated; dependable; fast; firm; liege; loyal; resolute; sincere; stable; stanch; staunch; steadfast; steady; true2. devoted (adj.) allegiant; ardent; devoted; scrupulous; thorough; unswerving; unwavering3. reliable (adj.) authentic; authoritative; believable; convincing; credible; creditable; reliable; trustworthy; trusty; valid4. right (adj.) accurate; close; conscientious; correct; exact; firm; full; just; precise; proper; right; rigid; rigorous; staunch; strict; true; unchanging; undistorted; veracious; veridical5. believers (noun) believersАнтонимический ряд:changeable; different; dishonest; dishonourable; disloyal; faithless; false; fickle; inaccurate; inconstant; inexact; irresolute; perfidious; treacherous -
26 Psychology
We come therefore now to that knowledge whereunto the ancient oracle directeth us, which is the knowledge of ourselves; which deserveth the more accurate handling, by how much it toucheth us more nearly. This knowledge, as it is the end and term of natural philosophy in the intention of man, so notwithstanding it is but a portion of natural philosophy in the continent of nature.... [W]e proceed to human philosophy or Humanity, which hath two parts: the one considereth man segregate, or distributively; the other congregate, or in society. So as Human philosophy is either Simple and Particular, or Conjugate and Civil. Humanity Particular consisteth of the same parts whereof man consisteth; that is, of knowledges which respect the Body, and of knowledges that respect the Mind... how the one discloseth the other and how the one worketh upon the other... [:] the one is honored with the inquiry of Aristotle, and the other of Hippocrates. (Bacon, 1878, pp. 236-237)The claims of Psychology to rank as a distinct science are... not smaller but greater than those of any other science. If its phenomena are contemplated objectively, merely as nervo-muscular adjustments by which the higher organisms from moment to moment adapt their actions to environing co-existences and sequences, its degree of specialty, even then, entitles it to a separate place. The moment the element of feeling, or consciousness, is used to interpret nervo-muscular adjustments as thus exhibited in the living beings around, objective Psychology acquires an additional, and quite exceptional, distinction. (Spencer, 1896, p. 141)Kant once declared that psychology was incapable of ever raising itself to the rank of an exact natural science. The reasons that he gives... have often been repeated in later times. In the first place, Kant says, psychology cannot become an exact science because mathematics is inapplicable to the phenomena of the internal sense; the pure internal perception, in which mental phenomena must be constructed,-time,-has but one dimension. In the second place, however, it cannot even become an experimental science, because in it the manifold of internal observation cannot be arbitrarily varied,-still less, another thinking subject be submitted to one's experiments, comformably to the end in view; moreover, the very fact of observation means alteration of the observed object. (Wundt, 1904, p. 6)It is [Gustav] Fechner's service to have found and followed the true way; to have shown us how a "mathematical psychology" may, within certain limits, be realized in practice.... He was the first to show how Herbart's idea of an "exact psychology" might be turned to practical account. (Wundt, 1904, pp. 6-7)"Mind," "intellect," "reason," "understanding," etc. are concepts... that existed before the advent of any scientific psychology. The fact that the naive consciousness always and everywhere points to internal experience as a special source of knowledge, may, therefore, be accepted for the moment as sufficient testimony to the rights of psychology as science.... "Mind," will accordingly be the subject, to which we attribute all the separate facts of internal observation as predicates. The subject itself is determined p. 17) wholly and exclusively by its predicates. (Wundt, 1904,The study of animal psychology may be approached from two different points of view. We may set out from the notion of a kind of comparative physiology of mind, a universal history of the development of mental life in the organic world. Or we may make human psychology the principal object of investigation. Then, the expressions of mental life in animals will be taken into account only so far as they throw light upon the evolution of consciousness in man.... Human psychology... may confine itself altogether to man, and generally has done so to far too great an extent. There are plenty of psychological text-books from which you would hardly gather that there was any other conscious life than the human. (Wundt, 1907, pp. 340-341)The Behaviorist began his own formulation of the problem of psychology by sweeping aside all medieval conceptions. He dropped from his scientific vocabulary all subjective terms such as sensation, perception, image, desire, purpose, and even thinking and emotion as they were subjectively defined. (Watson, 1930, pp. 5-6)According to the medieval classification of the sciences, psychology is merely a chapter of special physics, although the most important chapter; for man is a microcosm; he is the central figure of the universe. (deWulf, 1956, p. 125)At the beginning of this century the prevailing thesis in psychology was Associationism.... Behavior proceeded by the stream of associations: each association produced its successors, and acquired new attachments with the sensations arriving from the environment.In the first decade of the century a reaction developed to this doctrine through the work of the Wurzburg school. Rejecting the notion of a completely self-determining stream of associations, it introduced the task ( Aufgabe) as a necessary factor in describing the process of thinking. The task gave direction to thought. A noteworthy innovation of the Wurzburg school was the use of systematic introspection to shed light on the thinking process and the contents of consciousness. The result was a blend of mechanics and phenomenalism, which gave rise in turn to two divergent antitheses, Behaviorism and the Gestalt movement. The behavioristic reaction insisted that introspection was a highly unstable, subjective procedure.... Behaviorism reformulated the task of psychology as one of explaining the response of organisms as a function of the stimuli impinging upon them and measuring both objectively. However, Behaviorism accepted, and indeed reinforced, the mechanistic assumption that the connections between stimulus and response were formed and maintained as simple, determinate functions of the environment.The Gestalt reaction took an opposite turn. It rejected the mechanistic nature of the associationist doctrine but maintained the value of phenomenal observation. In many ways it continued the Wurzburg school's insistence that thinking was more than association-thinking has direction given to it by the task or by the set of the subject. Gestalt psychology elaborated this doctrine in genuinely new ways in terms of holistic principles of organization.Today psychology lives in a state of relatively stable tension between the poles of Behaviorism and Gestalt psychology.... (Newell & Simon, 1963, pp. 279-280)As I examine the fate of our oppositions, looking at those already in existence as guide to how they fare and shape the course of science, it seems to me that clarity is never achieved. Matters simply become muddier and muddier as we go down through time. Thus, far from providing the rungs of a ladder by which psychology gradually climbs to clarity, this form of conceptual structure leads rather to an ever increasing pile of issues, which we weary of or become diverted from, but never really settle. (Newell, 1973b, pp. 288-289)The subject matter of psychology is as old as reflection. Its broad practical aims are as dated as human societies. Human beings, in any period, have not been indifferent to the validity of their knowledge, unconcerned with the causes of their behavior or that of their prey and predators. Our distant ancestors, no less than we, wrestled with the problems of social organization, child rearing, competition, authority, individual differences, personal safety. Solving these problems required insights-no matter how untutored-into the psychological dimensions of life. Thus, if we are to follow the convention of treating psychology as a young discipline, we must have in mind something other than its subject matter. We must mean that it is young in the sense that physics was young at the time of Archimedes or in the sense that geometry was "founded" by Euclid and "fathered" by Thales. Sailing vessels were launched long before Archimedes discovered the laws of bouyancy [ sic], and pillars of identical circumference were constructed before anyone knew that C IID. We do not consider the ship builders and stone cutters of antiquity physicists and geometers. Nor were the ancient cave dwellers psychologists merely because they rewarded the good conduct of their children. The archives of folk wisdom contain a remarkable collection of achievements, but craft-no matter how perfected-is not science, nor is a litany of successful accidents a discipline. If psychology is young, it is young as a scientific discipline but it is far from clear that psychology has attained this status. (Robinson, 1986, p. 12)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Psychology
-
27 little
1. n немногое, небольшое количество; самая малостьwe must keep what little we have — мы должны беречь то немногое, что у нас есть
he did what little he could — он сделал всё, что было в его силах
the little I have is not worth giving — ту малость, которая у меня есть, просто не стоит дарить
2. n эмоц. -усил. почти ничего; мало чтоthe little — «маленькие люди»
little by little, by little and little — мало-помалу, постепенно, понемногу
little or nothing — почти ничего, очень мало, ничтожное количество
Little Englander — сторонник «Малой Англии»
3. a маленький, небольшойlittle house — домик, небольшой дом
4. a небольшой; слабый; плохойunfortunately he has little money — к сожалению, у него мало денег
5. a короткий, недлинный6. a невысокий, небольшого роста7. a незначительный, несущественный, неважный8. a мелкий, некрупный9. a малый, неглавный10. a милый, славныйyou little rascal! — эй ты, пострелёнок!
11. a мелкий, мелочный, ничтожный; ограниченныйthe little vexations of life — мелкие жизненные неприятности; раздражающие мелочи жизни
12. a предназначенный для узкого круга; не массовыйThe Little Corporal — «маленький капрал», Наполеон Бонапарт
to go but a little way to — быть недостаточным, не хватать
little bird — источник информации;
a little bird tells me you are getting married — где-то я слышала, что ты выходишь замуж
13. adv мало, почти нисколькоlittle more — ненамного больше; немногим больше
he is little more than an amateur — он недалеко ушёл от любителя; он выступает почти на любительском уровне
little less than — не намного меньше; почти столько же
he is little less talented than his father — талантом он не намного уступает отцу; он почти так же талантлив, как отец
14. adv редко15. adv совсем не, вовсе неwhen I first came to this country, I little thought that I should stay so long — когда я приехал в эту страну, я никак не думал, что проживу здесь так долго
they little expected such trouble — они никак не предполагали, что возникнет такая неприятность
a very little more — ещё; совсем немного; чуть-чуть
Синонимический ряд:1. brief (adj.) brief; concise; short; succinct2. casual (adj.) casual; inconsequential; insignificant; light; minor; minute; scanty; shoestring; slight; small-beer; trivial; unimportant3. inadequate (adj.) inadequate; inconsiderable; insufficient4. narrow (adj.) bigoted; borne; illiberal; mean; narrow; narrow-minded; paltry; petty; prejudicial; selfish; set; shallow; small-minded; stingy5. small (adj.) bantam; diminutive; ineffectual; infinitesimal; limited; miniature; monkey; petite; small; smallish; tiny; wee6. bit (noun) bit; few; iota; smidgen; trifle7. barely (other) barely; hardly; hardly ever; infrequently; just; on rare occasions; once in a blue moon (colloquial); rarely; scarcely ever; seldom; slightly; unfrequently; unoftenАнтонимический ряд:ample; big; bulky; capacious; colossal; comprehensive; developed; enormous; full; generous; gigantic; grave; great; handsome; high-minded; long; lot; magnanimous; significant -
28 lay reader
Религия: мирянин, проводящий богослужение в Англиканской церкви, (In the Church of England, a layman licensed by the bishop to conduct church services; namely, Morning and Evening Prayer, and the Litany) чтец из мирян -
29 faldstool
['fɔːldstuːl]1) Общая лексика: небольшой аналой, небольшой складной аналой, складное кресло епископа, складной стул епископа2) Религия: (A folding stool or chair used by a bishop) складной стул епископа, (A folding stool or small desk at which one kneels during devotions) скамья для молитвенного коленопреклонения, (The desk from which the litany is read in Anglican churches) небольшой аналой в англиканской церкви3) Лесоводство: складной стул, складной табурет -
30 rogation
[rəʊ'geɪʃ(ə)n]1) Общая лексика: молебствие2) Церковный термин: соблюдение молебственных дней3) Религия: (Litany, supplication) молебствие, (The religious observance of the Rogation Days) соблюдение молебственных дней -
31 lesser
1. a редк. от I2. a меньший, малый; небольшой; мелкий3. a муз. малыйСинонимический ряд:1. inferior (adj.) dinky; inferior; low; lower; minor; minor-league; nether; secondary; small; small-fry; small-time; subjacent; subordinate; under2. trivial (adj.) diminutive; inconsiderable; insignificant; little; negligible; nugatory; petty; trivial -
32 Avinu Malkenu
Религия: ("Our Father, Our King", the opening words of each verse of a Jewish litany of supplication) "Абину Малкену"
- 1
- 2
См. также в других словарях:
Litany, The — The word Litany is of Greek origin, from litancia, derived from lite, meaning a prayer. In the early Church Litany included all supplications and prayers whether public or private. Afterwards it came to mean a special supplication, offered… … American Church Dictionary and Cyclopedia
The Celtic Rite — The Celtic Rite † Catholic Encyclopedia ► The Celtic Rite This subject will be treated under the following seven heads: I. History and Origin; II. Manuscript Sources; III. The Divine Office; IV. The Mass; V. the Baptismal Service; … Catholic encyclopedia
Litany of the Saints — The Litany of the Saints (Latin, Litania Sanctorum) is a sacred prayer of the Roman Catholic Church. It is a prayer of invocation to God, Jesus, the Blessed Virgin Mary, and all the martyrs and saints upon whom Christianity was founded. It is… … Wikipedia
The Alexandrine Liturgy — The Alexandrine Liturgy † Catholic Encyclopedia ► The Alexandrine Liturgy The tradition of the Church of Egypt traces its origin to the Evangelist St. Mark, the first Bishop of Alexandria, and ascribes to him the parent liturgy from… … Catholic encyclopedia
Lesser Litany, The — That portion of the Litany beginning, O Christ, hear us, and ending with the prayer, We humbly beseech Thee, O Father, is so called. It is often used as a penitential ending to week day services during Lent … American Church Dictionary and Cyclopedia
The Parson's Handbook — is a book by Percy Dearmer, first published in 1899, that was fundamental to the development of liturgy in the Church of England and throughout the Anglican Communion.The 19th century Oxford Movement brought the High Church within the Church of… … Wikipedia
litany — /lit n ee/, n., pl. litanies. 1. a ceremonial or liturgical form of prayer consisting of a series of invocations or supplications with responses that are the same for a number in succession. 2. the Litany, the supplication in this form in the… … Universalium
litany — /ˈlɪtəni / (say lituhnee) noun (plural litanies) 1. a ceremonial or liturgical form of prayer consisting of a series of invocations or supplications with responses which are the same for a number in succession. 2. Also, the Litany. the general… …
Litany of Loreto — • Long article examines the somewhat murky history of the Litany of Loreto. Also information on Marian litanies in general Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Litany of Loreto Litany of Loreto … Catholic encyclopedia
Litany of the Blessed Virgin Mary — The Litany of the Blessed Virgin Mary is a Marian litany originally approved in 1587 by Pope Sixtus V. It is also known as the Litany of Loreto, for its first known place of origin, the Shrine of Our Lady of Loreto (Italy), where its usage was… … Wikipedia
Litany — • A form of responsive prayer, used in public liturgical services and private devotions Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Litany Litany … Catholic encyclopedia