learn

I. II. B.

   ā    (before consonants), ab (before vowels, h, and some consonants, esp. l, n, r, s), abs (usu. only before t and q, esp. freq. before the pron. te), old af, praep. with abl., denoting separation or departure (opp. ad).    I. Lit., in space, from, away from, out of.    A. With motion: ab urbe proficisci, Cs.: a supero mari Flaminia (est via), leads: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun: usque a mari supero Romam proficisci, all the way from; with names of cities and small islands, or with domo, home (for the simple abl; of motion, away from, not out of, a place); hence, of raising a siege, of the march of soldiers, the setting out of a fleet, etc.: oppidum ab Aeneā fugiente a Troiā conditum: ab Alesiā, Cs.: profectus ab Orico cum classe, Cs.; with names of persons or with pronouns: cum a vobis discessero: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, i. e. from his house, T.; (praegn.): a rege munera repudiare, from, sent by, N.—    B. Without motion.    1. Of separation or distance: abesse a domo paulisper maluit: tum Brutus ab Romā aberat, S.: hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat, Cs.: a foro longe abesse: procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt, Cs.: cum esset bellum tam prope a Siciliā; so with numerals to express distance: ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo, eight miles distant, Cs.: ab milibus passuum minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off, Cs.; so rarely with substantives: quod tanta machinatio ab tanto spatio instrueretur, so far away, Cs.—    2. To denote a side or direction, etc., at, on, in: ab sinistrā parte nudatis castris, on the left, Cs.: ab eā parte, quā, etc., on that side, S.: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, Cs.: ab decumanā portā castra munita, at the main entrance, Cs.: crepuit hinc a Glycerio ostium, of the house of G., T.: (cornua) ab labris argento circumcludunt, on the edges, Cs.; hence, a fronte, in the van; a latere, on the flank; a tergo, in the rear, behind; a dextro cornu, on the right wing; a medio spatio, half way.—    II. Fig.    A. Of time.    1. Of a point of time, after: Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus, immediately after, Cs.: ab eo magistratu, after this office, S.: recens a volnere Dido, fresh from her wound, V.: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine, i. e. after leaving, L.: ab his, i. e. after these words, hereupon, O.: ab simili <*>ade domo profugus, i. e. after and in consequence of, L.—    2. Of a period of time, from, since, after: ab hora tertiā bibebatur, from the third hour: ab Sullā et Pompeio consulibus, since the consulship of: ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumum annum, since, S.: augures omnes usque ab Romulo, since the time of: iam inde ab infelici pugnā ceciderant animi, from (and in consequence of), L.; hence, ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first: ab integro, anew, afresh: ab... ad, from (a time)... to: cum ab horā septimā ad vesperum pugnatum sit, Cs.; with nouns or adjectives denoting a time of life: iam inde a pueritiā, T.: a pueritiā: a pueris: iam inde ab incunabulis, L.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, L.: ab parvulis, Cs.—    B. In other relations.    1. To denote separation, deterring, intermitting, distinction, difference, etc., from: quo discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem: propius abesse ab ortu: alter ab illo, next after him, V.: Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus, next in rank to, H.: impotentia animi a temperantiā dissidens: alieno a te animo fuit, estranged; so with adjj. denoting free, strange, pure, etc.: res familiaris casta a cruore civili: purum ab humano cultu solum, L.: (opoidum) vacuum ab defensoribus, Cs.: alqm pudicum servare ab omni facto, etc., II.; with substt.: impunitas ab iudicio: ab armis quies dabatur, L.; or verbs: haec a custodiis loca vacabant, Cs.—    2. To denote the agent, by: qui (Mars) saepe spoliantem iam evertit et perculit ab abiecto, by the agency of: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro: si quid ei a Caesare gravius accidisset, at Caesar's hands, Cs.: vetus umor ab igne percaluit solis, under, O.: a populo P. imperia perferre, Cs.: equo lassus ab indomito, H.: volgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus? by whose hands and upon whose orders? factus ab arte decor, artificial, O.: destitutus ab spe, L.; (for the sake of the metre): correptus ab ignibus, O.; (poet. with abl. of means or instr.): intumuit venter ab undā, O.—Ab with abl. of agent for the dat., to avoid ambiguity, or for emphasis: quibus (civibus) est a vobis consulendum: te a me nostrae consuetudinis monendum esse puto.—    3. To denote source, origin, extraction, from, of: Turnus ab Ariciā, L.: si ego me a M. Tullio esse dicerem: oriundi ab Sabinis, L.: dulces a fontibus undae, V.—With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping (cf. a parte), from, on the part of: a quo quidem genere, iudices, ego numquam timui: nec ab Romanis vobis ulla est spes, you can expect nothing from the Romans, L.; (ellipt.): haec a servorum bello pericula, threatened by: quem metus a praetore Romano stimulabat, fear of what the praetor might do, L.—With verbs of paying, etc., solvere, persolvere, dare (pecuniam) ab aliquo, to pay through, by a draft on, etc.: se praetor dedit, a quaestore numeravit, quaestor a mensā publicā, by an order on the quaestor: ei legat pecuniam a filio, to be paid by his son: scribe decem (milia) a Nerio, pay by a draft on Nerius, H.; cognoscere ab aliquā re, to know or learn by means of something (but ab aliquo, from some one): id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse, Cs.; in giving an etymology: id ab re... interregnum appellatum, L.—Rarely with verbs of beginning and repeating: coepere a fame mala, L.: a se suisque orsus, Ta.—    4. With verbs of freeing from, defending, protecting, from, against: ut a proeliis quietem habuerant, L.: provincia a calamitate est defendenda: sustinere se a lapsu, L.—    5. With verbs and adjectives, to define the respect in which, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of: orba ab optimatibus contio: mons vastus ab naturā et humano cultu, S.: ne ab re sint omissiores, too neglectful of money or property, T.: posse a facundiā, in the matter of eloquence, T.; cf. with laborare, for the simple abl, in, for want of: laborare ab re frumentariā, Cs.—    6. In stating a motive, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: patres ab honore appellati, L.: inops tum urbs ab longinquā obsidione, L.—    7. Indicating a part of the whole, of, out of: scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto, Cs.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).—    8. Marking that to which anything belongs: qui sunt ab eā disciplinā: nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt.—    9. Of a side or party: vide ne hoc totum sit a me, makes for my view: vir ab innocentiā clementissimus, in favor of.—10. In late prose, of an office: ab epistulis, a secretary, Ta. Note. Ab is not repeated with a following pron interrog. or relat.: Arsinoën, Stratum, Naupactum... fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc. It is often separated from the word which it governs: a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo: a minus bono, S.: a satis miti principio, L.—The poets join a and que, making āque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.): aque Chao, V.: aque mero, O.—In composition, ab- stands before vowels, and h, b, d, i consonant, l, n, r, s; abs- before c, q, t; b is dropped, leaving as- before p; ā- is found in āfuī, āfore ( inf fut. of absum); and au- in auferō, aufugiō. I II III

    ad-discō didicī, —, ere,    to learn in addition, gain knowledge of: cottidie aliquid: regimen carinae flectere, O.

    ad-ripiō (arr-) ipuī, eptus, ere    [ad + rapio], to snatch, catch hurriedly, grasp, seize: telum: arcūs, O.: manum, H.—To seize, lay hold of: alqm medium, T.: quem adripuit, has buttonholed, H.: alqm comā, O.: adreptus de pecuniis repetundis, arrested for: abeuntes magistratu, L.—To take, appropriate, seize, embrace: facultatem laedendi: sibi imperium, usurp, Cs.: tempore adrepto, V.: impedimentum pro occasione, L.: (tellurem) velis, make haste to, V.: aliquid ad reprehendendum: gestūs aliunde: cognomen sibi ex imaginibus: maledictum ex trivio: tu mihi id, etc., seize (as a reproach) to me, etc. — To seize upon, learn with avidity: haec: (litterarum) studium, N.: celeriter res: litteras adripui.—To ridicule, attack, satirize: primores populi, H.: Nomentanum mecum, H.

    audiō īvī or iī, ītus, īre    [2 AV-], to hear: quae vera audivi, taceo, T.: verbum ex te, T.: de te ex te, your account of yourself: ista de maioribus: ab ipso, H.: eum querentem, N.: hoc maiores natu dicere: a maioribus natu mirari solitum, etc.: Audiet civīs acuisse ferrum, H.: Bibulus nondum audiebatur esse in Syria: Cur ita crediderim audi, H.: audi Quid ferat, H.: id ex eo audivi, cum diceret, etc.: de Psaltriā hac audivit, T.: illos de quibus audivi: quin tu hoc audi, listen, T.: audin' (for audisne?), do you hear? T.—Supin. acc.: vocat (me) hic auditum scripta, H.—Supin. abl.: O rem auditu crudelem.—P. pass.: cui non sunt auditae Demosthenis vigiliae: non uni militi sed universis audiuntur, L.: Audita arboribus fides, H.: auditi advertitis cursum, already known by report, V. — Subst: nihil habeo praeter auditum, hearsay: refert audita, what he had heard, O.—To listen to, give attention to: etsi a vobis sic audior, ut, etc.: audi, Iuppiter, et tu, Iane, L.—To hear, be taught by, learn from: te annum iam audientem Cratippum: audiendum sibi de ambitu, i. e. must examine the charge: de pace audisse, entertained proposals, L.: dolos, investigate, V. — To listen to, lend an ear, regard, hear, grant: di meas preces audiverunt: neque preces audiri intellegit, Cs.: si sensisset auditas preces, L.: Audiit et genitor Intonuit, V.: puellas Ter vocata audis, H.—To hear with assent, accept, agree with, approve, yield to, grant, allow: fabulas: tum id audirem, si, etc., I would assent to it, if, etc.: audio, nunc dicis aliquid, granted: non audio, I do not admit it.—To obey, heed: sapientiam: me, L.: te tellus audit Hiberiae, H.: neque audit currus habenas, V.— In the phrase, dicto audiens esse, to obey: sunt illi quidem dicto audientes: dicto audientes in tantā re: dicto audiens esse huic ordini: Tullio iubere populum dicto audientem esse, L.: dicto audiens fuit iussis, N.—To be called, be named, reported, regarded: si curas esse quod audis, H.: Id audire, to bear that name, V.: bene audire velle, to be praised: bene a parentibus: male audies, you will be in bad repute, T.: insuetus male audiendi, N.: minus commode audire, i. e. to be injured in reputation.

    auferō abstulī, ablātus, auferre    [ab + fero], to take away, bear off, carry off, withdraw, remove: istaec intro, T.: e proelio auferri: multa domum suam: liberi per delectūs auferuntur, Ta.: caput domino, V.: Ille sibi ablatus, robbed of his own form, O.: illi vertice crinem, taken from her head, V.: auferri e conspectu, to disappear, L. — Of waves, wind, etc., to carry away, waft, bear, whirl: alquem ad scopulum e tranquillo, T.: auferor in scopulos, O.: in silvam pennis ablata, V. — To carry off, snatch away, rob, steal: a nobis hoc, T.: ab hoc abaci vasa omnia: pecuniam de aerario. —To sweep away, destroy, kill, slay: abstulit mors Achillem, H.: quidquid mors aufert, L.: alqd Mulciber abstulerat, had consumed, O. — Fig., to carry off, gain, obtain, get, receive: inultum numquam id auferet, T.: paucos dies ab aliquo: ut in foro statuerent (statuas), abstulisti, i. e. have prevailed. — To carry away, learn, understand: hoc non ex priore actione, posse, etc.—To get off, escape: haud sic auferent, T.—To take away, snatch away, remove: hi ludi dies quindecim auferent, take up: imperium indignis, from the unworthy, L.: conspectum eius contioni, deprives, L.: vitam senibus: spem: fervorem, L.: metūs, V.: somnos, H.: me velut de spatio, from my subject, L.: fortassis et istinc abstulerit aetas, will free me from them, H.: pollicitationes aufer, away with, T.: aufer Me voltu terrere, desist, H. I II

    comperior (conp-) pertus sum, īrī, dep.    [for comperio], to ascertain, learn, find out: ab hoc me falli, T.: Metellum sapientem virum fuisse, S.

    cōn-sequor secūtus (sequūtus), ī, dep.,    to follow, follow up, press upon, go after, attend, accompany, pursue. litteras suas prope, L.: se coniecit intro, ego consequor, T.: hos vestigiis.—To follow, pursue (as a foe): copias, Cs.: (alitem) pennis, O.: face iactatā Consequitur ignibus ignes, makes a circle of fire (to the eye), O.—In time, to follow, come after: Cethegum aetate: has res consecuta est mutatio, N.: eius modi sunt tempestates consecutae, uti, etc., Cs.: reliquis consecutis diebus: silentium est consecutum. — To overtake, reach, come up with, attain to, arrive at: hunc fugientem: columbam, V.: rates, O.: ad vesperam consequentur: reliqui legati sunt consecuti, came up, N.: (telum) Consequitur quocumque petit, hits, O.—Fig., to follow, copy, imitate, adopt, obey: Chrysippum Diogenes consequens: Necessest consilia consequi consimilia, T.: mediam consili viam, L. — To follow, ensue, result, be the consequence, arise from: ex quo caedes esset vestrum consecuta: dictum invidia consecuta est, N.: quia libertatem pax consequebatur: illud naturā consequi, ut, etc. — To reach, overtake, obtain, acquire, get, attain: opes quam maximas: honores: eam rem, Cs.: fructum amplissimum ex vestro iudicio: omnia per senatum: suis meritis inpunitatem: gloriam victoriis, N.: in hac pernicie rei p. gratiam: multum in eo se consequi dicebat, quod, etc., that it was a great advantage to him, N.: perverse dicere perverse dicendo, acquire bad habits of speaking.—To reach, come to, overtake, strike: matrem mors consecutast, T.: tanta prosperitas Caesarem est consecuta, ut, N.—To become like, attain, come up to, equal: aliquem maiorem. — To attain to, understand, perceive, learn, know: plura, N.: omnīs illorum conatūs: facta memoriā: tantam causam diligentiā: quid copiarum haberes.—Of speech, to attain, be equal to, do justice to: laudes eius verbis: omnia verbis.

    gustō āvī, ātus, arē    [gustus], to taste, take a little of: aquam: leporem, Cs.: aliquid de sanguine, Iu.— To take a slight meal, take luncheon, eat a little: quorum nemo gustavit cubans.— Fig., to taste, partake of, enjoy: civilem sanguinem: partem liquidae voluptatis: praecepta: summatim rerum causas: Metrodorum illum, i. e. heard for a while: lucellum, H.—Prov.: primis labris gustare, i. e. learn a little of.

    in-veniō vēnī, ventus, īre,    to come upon, find, meet with, light upon: in agro populabundum hostem, L. (navīs) paratas ad navigandum, Cs.: oratores.— Pass: rex Inventus focis, found, V.: Scis, Pamphilam meam inventam civem? turns out to be, T.: ipsis durior inventus est, proved to be, Cs.: Primus invenior circumposuisse, etc., H.: unus inventus qui id auderet.—Fig., to find out, invent, effect, discover, devise, contrive: quandam (fallaciam), T.: dolis casum victoriae, S.: Inventae artes, V.: neque quid ponis dicere invenie, make out: quo modo crimen confirmaret: quid agat, non invenit, is at a loss, O.: animis inventum poema iuvandis, H.—To find out, discover, ascertain, learn: ex captivis, flumen abesse, etc., Cs.: invenitur ea serrula pervenisse, etc., it is ascertained that.—To acquire, get, earn, reach: Sine invidiā laudem, T.: hoc cognomen: ex quo illi gloria opesque inventae, S.: manu mortem (i. e. pugnando), V.

    medium ī, n    [medius].—In space, the middle, midst, centre, interval, intervening space: in medio aedium sedens, L.: in agmine in medio adesse, S.: medio viae ponere, L.: medio stans hostia ad aram, V.: medio tutissimus ibis, O.: in medium sarcinas coniciunt, L.: Horum unum ad medium Transadigit (hasta), through the middle, V.—Of time: iam diei medium erat, the middle, L.: Nec longum in medio tempus, cum, etc., interval, V.— The midst, public, community: in medio omnibus Palma est posita, qui, etc., open to all, T.: rem totam in medio ponere, publicly: dicendi ratio in medio posita<*> open to all: Transvolat in medio posita, what is obvious, H.: rem in medium proferre, publish: rem in medium vocare coeperunt, before the public. in medio relinquere, leave undecided: cum iacentia (verba) sustulimus e medio, adopt common words: ex medio res arcessit comoedia, common life, H.: removendae de medio litterae, done away with: hominem de medio tolli posse, be put out of the way: e medio excessit, is dead, T.: tollite lumen E medio, Iu.: recede de medio, go away: in medio esse, be present, T.: venient in medium, come forward: consulere in medium, for the general good, V.: in medium quaerebant, to supply the wants of all, V.: laudem in medium conferentes, ascribing to the whole body (of magistrates), L.: In medium discenda dabat, for all to learn, O.—Fig., a mean, middle course: medium ferire, i. e. strike out a middle theory: mediis copulare concordiam, by a compromise, L.: Virtus est medium vitiorum, H.— Plur, a moderate fortune, middling circumstances: intactu invidiā media sunt, L.

    per-discō didicī, —, ere,    to learn thoroughly, get by heart: locus oratori perdiscendus: hominis speciem pingere, to know well how: diligentia in perdiscendo, Cs.

    per-nōscō nōvī, nōtus, ere,     to examine thoroughly: pernoscite, Furtumne factum existimetis, T.—To learn thoroughly, become fully acquainted with: non satis alqm, T.: rem cognoscite, Ut pernoscatis, etc., T.: motūs animorum sunt oratori pernoscendi: iuris Naturam, H.

    prae-discō —, —, ere,     to learn beforehand: ea quae agenda sunt: Ventos, V.

    prae-nōscō —, —, ere,    to learn beforehand, foreknow: futura: promissum sibi caelum, O.

    prae-scīscō —, —, ere,     to learn beforehand: animos volgi longe, V.: quam quisque provinciam haberet, L.

    quaerō sīvī, sītus, ere    [QVAES-], to seek, look for: quaerenti (deae) defuit orbis, O.: te ipsum quaerebam, was looking for, T.: suos notos, Cs.: ab ostio quaerens Ennium, asking for: cum praetor quaereretur: quem quaeritis, adsum, V.: liberi ad necem quaerebantur: escam in sterquilinio, Ph.: per imas Quaerit iter vallīs (Ufens), V.: cauda colubrae... moriens dominae vestigia quaerit, O.— To seek to obtain, look for, strive for, seek: sibi alium imperatorem, S.: in regnum quaeritur heres, V.: milites ducem quaerentes: in eum invidia quaesita est, i. e. prejudice is excited: ad ornatum ludorum aurum: regia potestas hac lege quaeritur: ne quaeratur latebra periurio: voce pericula, provoke, O.: defensorem suae salutis eum.—With inf, to seek, strive, endeavor, ask: ne quaere doceri Quam poenam, etc., V.: Antequam... speciosa quaero Pascere tigrīs, i. e. let me rather, H.: classibus advehebantur, qui mutare sedes quaerebant, Ta.— To strive to gain, earn, win by effort, acquire: Conserva, quaere, parce, T.: Quaerit ac timet uti, H.: victum volgo, T.: confiteri sibi quaesito opus esse, that he must earn something.—To feel the want of, miss, lack: Siciliam in uberrimā Siciliae parte: ne ille saepe Persas et Indos quaesisset, L.: quaerit Boeotia Dircen, O.— To ask, desire, require, demand, need, call for: quid sibi hic vestitus quaerit? i. e. what do you mean by? T.: collis pauca munimenta quaerebat, S.: qui tumultus dictatoriam maiestatem quaesisset, made necessary, L.: nego esse quicquam, quod cuiusquam oratoris eloquentiam quaereret: quaeris ut suscipiam cogitationem, quidnam istis agendum putem.—Fig., to seek mentally, think over, meditate, aim at, plan, devise, find: consilium, T.: quonam modo maxime ulti sanguinem nostrum pereamus, S.: remedium: rationes eas, quae ex coniecturā pendent.— To seek to learn, make inquiry, ask, inquire, interrogate: item alio die Quaerebam, T.: quaerendo cognoveram: vide, quaere, circumspice!: quaesiturus, unum caelum esset an innumerabilia: Naturā fieret laudabile carmen, an arte, Quaesitum est, has been made a question, H.: cum ab iis saepius quaereret, made inquiries, Cs.: quaero abs te nunc, Hortensi, cum, etc.: quaesivit a medicis, quem a modum se haberet, N.: quaero de te, num, etc.: Cura tibi de quo quaerere nulla fuit, O.: in dominos quaeri de servis iniquom est, i. e. to examine under torture: quaerit ex solo ea, quae, etc., Cs.: habes, quod ex me quaesisti.— To examine, inquire into, make inquiry, investigate: coëgit consules circa fora proficisci ibique quaerere, L.: hunc abduce, vinci, quaere rem, T.: scrutatus sum quae potui et quaesivi omnia: rem illam: quorum de naturā Caesar cum quaereret, sic reperiebat, Cs.—Esp., of judicial investigation: de pecuniis repetundis: dum de patris morte quaereretur: ut veteribus legibus, tantum modo extra ordinem, quaereretur, the investigation should be made.—In parenthet. clauses, to inquire, consider: omnino, si quaeris, ludi apparatissimi: noli quaerere: ita mihi pulcher hic dies visus est, in short: si verum quaeritis, to speak the truth: si verum quaerimus.

    re-scīscō scīvī    (resciit, Cs.; rescieris, -erit, T., C., H., O.), scītus, ere, inch, to learn, find out, ascertain, bring to light: Omnia, T.: Dum id rescitum iri credit, is going to be found out, T.: cum id rescierit: quod ubi Caesar resciit, Cs.: id postquam rescierunt, N.: Carmina nos fingere, H.

    sērus adj. with comp, late: sero a vespere, O.: nocte serā, L.: hiemps, L.: anni, i. e. ripe years, O.: gratulatio: poenae: o seri studiorum! slow to learn, H.: ulmus, of slow growth, V.: bellum spe omnium serius, L.: serior aetas (i. e. posterior), O.: serior hora, O.—For the adv.    sero (poet.): Serus in caelum redeas, i. e. long hence, H.: iusseri<*> <*> O.: Cantaber serā domitus catenā, H.—As subst <*>., a late time, late hour: serum erat diei, L.: extrahi in serum diei, L.: in serum noctis convivium productum, L.—Late, belated, too late: Kalendae (Ianuariae): auxilium, L.: sera adsurgis, V.: serā ope vincere fata Nititur, O.