lapillus

* * *

lăpillus, i, m. dim. [lapis], a little stone, a pebble (perh. not ante-Aug.).

In gen.:

invitat somnos crepitantibus unda lapillis,

Ov. M. 11, 604; Plin. 10, 23, 30, § 59 sq. —Lucky days were marked with white, and unlucky ones with black stones (cf. calculus, 2. e.);

hence: felix utraque lux diesque nobis Signandi melioribus lapillis,

i. e. with white stones, Mart. 9, 53, 5; cf.:

hunc Macrine, diem numera meliore lapillo,

Pers. 2, 1; cf. also Plin. 7, 40, 41, § 131. —In trials at law, a white stone was cast as a vote for acquittal, a black stone for condemnation:

mos erat antiquus niveis atrisque lapillis, His damnare reos, illis absolvere culpa,

Ov. M. 15, 41.—

In partic.

Stone in the bladder, gravel:

ejectus calculoso,

Plin. 28, 4, 9, § 42.—

A precious stone, gem, jewel; marble, etc.: inter niveos viridesque lapillos, i. e. pearls and emeralds, Hor. S. 1, 2, 80:

caris aures onerare lapillis,

Ov. A. A. 3, 129:

indici,

Mart. 1, 110, 4:

Libyci,

bits of Numidian marble, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 19.—

A tombstone, Inscr. ap. Murat. 1536, 6; cf. Burm. Anth. Lat. 2, p. 269.

gemma, ae, f. [cf. Gr. gemô, to be full; Lat. gumia;

lit. a fulness, swelling. The ancients supposed the original meaning to be a precious stone,

Quint. 8, 6, 6; cf. Cic. Or. 24, 81; id. de Or. 3, 38, 155], a bud, eye, or gem on a plant.

Lit.:

ineunte vere exsistit tamquam ad articulos sarmentorum ea, quae gemma dicitur,

Cic. de Sen. 15, 53:

(pampinus) trudit gemmas et frondes explicat omnes,

Verg. G. 2, 335;

jam laeto turgent in palmite gemmae,

id. E. 7, 48; Col. 4, 29, 4.—

Transf. (from the resemblance to buds in shape and color), a precious stone, esp. one already cut, a jewel, gem, the predom. signif. of the word (opp. lapillus, one that is opaque, v. Dig. 34, 2, 19, § 17; cf.

also: margarita, unio): nego in Sicilia tota... ullam gemmam aut margaritam, quicquam ex auro aut ebore factum... quin conquisierit, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 1:

pocula ex auro gemmis distincta clarissimis,

id. ib. 2, 4, 27, §

62: vas vinarium ex una gemma pergrandi,

id. ib.:

Cyri ornatus Persicus multo auro multisque gemmis,

id. de Sen. 17, 59:

gemmas sunt qui non habeant,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 180:

cum virides gemmas collo circumdedit (mulier),

Juv. 6, 458:

non gemmis venale,

Hor. C. 2, 16, 7:

vitrea,

i. e. a false gem, Plin. 35, 6, 30, § 48;

also called facticia,

id. 37, 7, 26, § 98:

nec premit articulos lucida gemma meos,

Ov. H. 15, 74:

nec sufferre queat majoris pondera gemmae,

Juv. 1, 29: usus luxuriantis aetatis signaturas pretiosis gemmis coepit insculpere, Capitol. ap. Macr. S. 7, 13, 11; Vulg. Exod. 25, 7 et saep. —

Transf.

A drinking-vessel, goblet or cup, made of a precious stone:

nec bibit e gemma divite nostra sitis,

Prop. 3, 5 (4, 4), 4; cf.:

ut gemmā bibat,

Verg. G. 2, 506:

gemmā ministrare,

Sen. Prov. 3 fin.; cf.

also: in gemma posuere merum,

Ov. M. 8, 572.—

A seal ring, signet:

protinus impressā signat sua crimina gemmā,

Ov. M. 9, 566; cf. Plin. 37, 1, 2, § 3; 37, 5, 20, § 78: arguit ipsorum quos littera gemmaque, Juv. 13, 138; 1, 68.—Hence, comically: Pl. Opsecro parentis ne meos mihi prohibeas? Cu. Quid? ego sub gemmane apstrussos habeo tuam matrem et patrem? i. e. under lock and key, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 8.—

A pearl ( poet.): legitur rubris gemma sub aequoribus. Prop. 1, 14, 12:

cedet Erythraeis eruta gemma vadis,

Mart. 8, 28, 14. —

The eyes of the peacock's tail:

gemmis caudam stellantibus implet,

Ov. M. 1, 723; cf.:

gemmea cauda,

Phaedr. 3, 18, 8). —

Trop., like gem in English, ornament, beauty (post-Aug. and very rare):

multas in digitis, plures in carmine gemmas Invenies,

Mart. 5, 11, 3:

Hesperius gemma amicorum,

Sid. Ep. 4, 22.

lăpis, ĭdis (abl. lapi, Enn. ap. Prisc. 708 P.; gen. plur. lapiderum, C. Gell. ap. Charis. p. 40 P.), m. (f.: tanto sublatae sunt augmine tunc lapides, Enn. ap. Non. 211, 9) [etym. dub.; perh. from same root with rupes; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 545; not connected with laas, Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 542], a stone (cf.: saxum, silex, cautes, cos, calculus).

In gen.:

stillicidi casus lapidem cavat,

Lucr. 1, 313:

undique lapides in murum jaci coepti sunt,

Caes. B. G. 2, 6; cf. Cic. Mil. 15, 41:

pars eminus glande aut lapidibus pugnare,

Sall. J. 57, 4:

lapide percussus,

Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 33:

lapidem habere, ut illi cerebrum excutiam,

id. Capt. 3, 4, 69; cf. Cic. de Or. 2, 47, 197:

consul ingentem vim modicorum, qui funda mitti possent, lapidum paraverat,

Liv. 38, 20, 1; Gell. 4, 14, 3 sqq.:

e lapide duro parietes construere,

Plin. 36, 22, 51, § 171:

lapis duritia marmoris,

id. 36, 22, 46, § 163:

bibulus,

sandstone, pumice-stone, Verg. G. 2, 348:

molaris,

a millstone, Quint. 2, 19, 3; cf.:

num me illue ducis, ubi lapis lapidem terit?

i. e. into the mill, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 16: Parius, Parian stone, i. e. Parian marble, Verg. A. 1, 593:

lapide candidiore diem notare,

i. e. to mark with a white stone the luckiest day, Cat. 68, 148; cf. lapillus.—

Trop. for dulness, stupidity, want of feeling:

ego me credidi homini docto rem mandare: is lapidi mando maximo,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 47:

i, quid stas, lapis? quin accipis?

Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 3; cf. id. ib. 5, 1, 43:

tu, inquam, mulier, quae me omnino lapidem, non hominem putas,

id. Hec. 2, 1, 17;

and with silex (q. v.): tu es lapide silice stultior,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 78; cf.:

lapides mehercule omnes flere ac lamentari coëgisses,

Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 245:

lapis est ferrumque suam quicumque puellam verberat,

Tib. 1, 10, 59:

aut mare prospiciens in saxo frigida sedi, quamque lapis sedes, tam lapis ipsa fui,

Ov. H. 19, 30.—Prov.:

lapidem ferre altera manu, altera panem ostentare,

i. e. to flatter openly and injure secretly, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 18:

verberare lapidem,

i. e. to hurt one's self more than one's enemy, id. Curc. 1, 3, 41:

lapides loqui,

to speak hard words, id. Aul. 2, 1, 29:

ad eundem lapidem bis offendere,

to commit the same error twice, Aus. Ep. 11; so,

bis ad eundem (sc. lapidem),

Cic. Fam. 10, 20, 2.—

In partic.

A mile-stone, set up on the roads at every thousand paces, which made a Roman mile;

hence, with an ordinal numeral added to denote distance in miles: ad quartum et vicesimum lapidem a Roma,

Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 14; cf.:

effoditur ad vigesimum ab Urbe lapidem,

Plin. 33, 12, 56, § 159:

sacra videt fieri sextus ab Urbe lapis,

Ov. F. 6, 682:

intra vicesimum lapidem,

Liv. 5, 4 fin.:

duodecimum apud lapidem,

Tac. A. 3, 45:

a tertio lapide,

Flor. 2, 6 fin.: ad lapidem undecimum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 250 Müll.—Sometimes ellipt. without lapis:

ad duodecimum a Cremona,

Tac. H. 2, 24:

ad quartum,

id. ib. 2, 39:

ad octavum,

id. ib. 3, 15.—

The stone or stone elevation on which the prætor stood at slavesales:

in eo ipso astas lapide, ubi praeco praedicat,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 17; Col. 3, 3, 8:

praeter duos de lapide emptos tribunos,

Cic. Pis. 15, 35.—

Terminalis, a landmark, boundary-stone, Amm. 18, 2, 15;

called lapis alone,

Lact. 1, 20 fin.; so,

lapis sacer,

Liv. 41, 13; cf.:

non fixus in agris, qui regeret certis finibus arva, lapis,

Tib. 1, 3, 44; cf. id. 1, 1, 12.—

A gravestone, tombstone, Prop. 3 (4), 1, 37; Tib. 1, 3, 54;

called also ultimus,

Prop. 1, 17, 20.—

A precious stone, gem, jewel, pearl (mostly poet.), Cat. 69, 3:

gemmas et lapides,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 48:

clari lapides,

id. ib. 4, 13, 14; Ov. A. A. 1, 432; Sil. 12, 231; Mart. 11, 50, 4; Tac. A. 3, 53; Macr. S. 7, 13, 11.—

A statue: Jovem lapidem jurare, the statue of Jupiter at the Capitol, Cic. Fam. 7, 12, 2; Gell. 1, 21, 4; v. Juppiter.—

Meton.:

albus,

a table of white marble, a marble table, Hor. S. 1, 6, 116.

scrūpus, i, m.

Lit., a rough or sharp stone:

* scrupi dicuntur aspera saxa et difficilia attrectatu, Fest. pp. 332 and 333 Müll. (very rare): cum horā paene totā per omnes scrupos traxissemus cruentos pedes,

Petr. 79, 3:

scrupus proprie est lapillus brevis,

Serv. Verg. A. 6, 238; Avien. Descr. Orb. 503.—

Trop., anxiety, solicitude, uneasiness (for the usual scrupulus, q. v. II.):

quod vacua metu, curā, sollicitudine, periculo vita bonorum virorum sit: contra autem improbis semper aliqui scrupus in animis haereat,

Cic. Rep. 3, 16, 26.

tĕrĕs, ĕtis, adj. [tero; cf. Gr. terên, tender], rounded off, rounded, well-turned, round, smooth, etc.:

teres est in longitudine rotundatum, quales asseres natura ministrat,

Fest. p. 363 Müll. (class.; syn. rotundus).

Lit.:

stipites,

Caes. B. G. 7, 73:

palus,

Col. 4, 33, 4:

trunci arborum,

Verg. A. 6, 207:

oliva,

id. E. 8, 16:

virga,

Ov. M. 2, 135:

fusus,

id. ib. 6, 22:

hastile,

Liv. 21, 8, 10: mucro, Verg. A. 7, 665:

lapillus,

Ov. M. 10, 260:

(fundae) habena,

Verg. A. 11, 579.—Of parts of the body:

cervix,

round, slender, Lucr. 1, 35, Verg. A. 8, 633; so,

collum,

Ov. M. 10, 113:

brachiolum,

Cat. 61, 181. surae, Hor. C. 2, 4, 21, Ov. M. 11, 80:

membra,

Suet. Caes. 45:

digiti,

Ov. A. A. 1, 622, hence, of the form:

puer,

Hor. Epod. 11, 28.—Of other objects:

plagae,

tightly twisted, firmly woven, Hor. C. 1, 1, 28 strophium, Cat. 64, 65:

zona,

Ov. F. 2, 320:

gemma,

Verg. A. 5, 313:

iaspis, Claud Rapt. Pros. 2, 40: catena,

Luc. 3, 565:

filum,

Plin. 11, 24, 28, § 80:

mitra,

Claud. in Eutr. 2, 185: coma, curling, curly, Varr. ap Non. 328, 12.—

Trop., in gen., smooth, polished, elegani:

(sapiens) teres atque rotundus,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 86, imitated by Aus. Idyll. 16, 4:

Atticorum aures teretes et religiosae,

Cic. Or. 9, 27:

teretes aures intellegensque judicium,

id. Opt. Gen. 4, 11:

vox in disputationibus,

smooth, without impediment, Quint. 11, 3, 64:

oratio plena, sed tamen teres,

rounded off, polished, Cic. de Or. 3, 52, 199:

Ciceroni mollius teretiusque visum est, fretu scribere quam freto,

Gell. 13, 20, 15.— Sup. and adv. seem not to occur.