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1 Judicial and Legal System
The 1976 Constitution and 1982 revisions provide for three fundamental courts, each with different functions, as well as other special courts, including a military court. The three principal courts are the Constitutional Court, Supreme Court of Justice, and Supreme Court of Administration. The Constitutional Court determines whether legislative acts (laws) are legal and constitutional. In addition, it ascertains the physical ability of the president of the Republic to perform duties of office, as well as to determine the constitutionality of international agreements. Ten of this court's members are selected by the Assembly of the Republic.The Supreme Court of Justice, the highest court of law, heads the court system and tries civil and criminal cases. It includes first courts to try cases and courts of appeal. The Supreme Court of Administration examines the administrative and fiscal conduct of government institutions. All matters concerning judges, including the power to discipline judges whose conduct does not comply with the law, are overseen by the Higher Council of the Bench and the Superior Council of the Administrative and Fiscal Courts. There is also an Ombudsman, elected for a four-year term by the Assembly of the Republic, who serves as chief civil and human rights officer of the country. This officer receives 3,000-4,000 complaints a year from citizens who dispute acts of the judicial and legal system.Portugal's system of laws is based on Roman civil law and has been shaped by the French legal system. Unlike common law in the American and British legal systems, Portugal's system of laws is based on a complete body of law so that judicial reason is deductive. Legal precedent, then, has little influence. Portuguese judges are viewed as civil servants simply applying the law from codes, not as a judiciary who interpret law. While the post-1974 judicial and legal system is freer and fairer than that under the Estado Novo dictatorship, it has received criticism on the grounds of being very slow, cumbersome, overburdened with cases, and sometimes corrupt. There has been a backlog of untried cases and long delays before trial because of vacant judgeships and inefficient operations.Under Portuguese criminal law, preventive detention for a maximum of four months is legal. Much longer preventive detention terms occur due to the trial backlog. Memories persist of legal abuses under the Estado Novo system, when suspects convicted of crimes against the state could be detained legally for periods of from six months to three years. Media sensationalism and the cited problems of the judicial system exacerbated tensions in recent high-profile trials, including the 2004-05 trial of a child prostitution and pedophile ring, tried in Lisbon, with suspects including a celebrated television personality and a former diplomat.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Judicial and Legal System
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2 судебный прецедент
Бизнес, юриспруденция. Русско-английский словарь > судебный прецедент
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3 судебный прецедент
Русско-английский синонимический словарь > судебный прецедент
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4 судебный прецедент
1) General subject: a case in precedent (имеющий главное значение при разрешении аналогичных дел), a leading case (имеющий главное значение при разрешении аналогичных дел), case, leading case, prejudication, the case of law2) Law: case authority, judical precedent, judicial authority, judicial precedent, parent case, res judicata, rule of decision3) Business: court case, legal case, precedentУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > судебный прецедент
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5 Präzedenzfall
m precedent; JUR. auch test case; einen Präzedenzfall darstellen / schaffen constitute / establish a precedent* * *der Präzedenzfallprecedent* * *Prä|ze|dẹnz|fallmprecedenteinen Präzedenzfall schaffen — to set or create or establish a precedent
* * *(a past action, especially a legal decision, which may act as a guide or rule in the future.) precedent* * *Prä·ze·denz·fall\Präzedenzfall mit/ohne Verbindlichkeitscharakter binding /persuasive precedenteinen \Präzedenzfall anführen to quote a precedenteinen \Präzedenzfall schaffen to set a precedent* * *der precedent* * *einen Präzedenzfall darstellen/schaffen constitute/establish a precedent* * *der precedent* * *m.precedent n. -
6 прецедент
(судебный) precedent, caseне иметь прецедента в истории — to have no precedent in history, to be unprecedented in history
создать прецедент — to set / to create a precedent
сослаться на прецедент — to invoke / to cite a precedent
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7 судебный прецедент
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8 precedens
m (G precedensu) precedent- bez precedensu without precedent, unprecedented- niemający precedensu unprecedented, without precedent- stworzyć precedens to set a precedent- precedens sądowy Prawo legal precedent, test case* * *-su, -sy; loc sg - sie; m* * *miprecedent; bez precedensu unprecedented, without precedent; precedens sądowy prawn. (judicial) precedent.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > precedens
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9 судовий прецедент
example, case in precedent, case, court case, judicial authority, judicial case, judicial precedent, leading case, rule of decision, legal author, good authorityУкраїнсько-англійський юридичний словник > судовий прецедент
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10 судебный прецедент
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11 rettsbruk
subst. (jus) judicial precedent, judicial decision, precedent -
12 прецедент
сущ.case; precedentсоздавать (устанавливать) прецедент — constitute (create, set) a precedent
доктрина (судебного) прецедента — doctrine of (judicial) precedent; лат stare decisis
- прецедентыобязывающая сила прецедент — лат stare decisis (= let the decision stand)
- руководящий прецедент
- судебный прецедент -
13 prejudikatsvirkning
subst. (jus) precedent, judicial precedent -
14 Präzedenzfall
Prä·ze·denz·fall meinen \Präzedenzfall schaffen to set a precedent -
15 судебный прецедент
case; case authority; case in precedent; judicial precedent; leading case -
16 Präzedenzfall
Präzedenzfall m (judicial) precedent; leading case; landmark case -
17 prejudikat
subst. (jus) [ judicial] precedent, legal authority -
18 판결례
n. judicial precedent, authority -
19 판례
n. judicial precedent, leading case -
20 jurisprudencia sentada
• established judicial precedent
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См. также в других словарях:
judicial precedent — index authority (documentation) Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 judicial precedent … Law dictionary
judicial precedent — noun The system whereby a court is bound to declare the law in accordance with previous rulings by equivalent or higher courts • • • Main Entry: ↑judicial … Useful english dictionary
judicial precedent — See precedent … Ballentine's law dictionary
Judicial activism — is a pejorative term for the misuse of judicial power and is a neologism for the older classical term board judicial review . The most common connotation is subjective, in which the speaker condemns judicial decisions that, in the view of the… … Wikipedia
judicial activism — judicial ac·ti·vism / ak tə ˌvi zəm/ n: the practice in the judiciary of protecting or expanding individual rights through decisions that depart from established precedent or are independent of or in opposition to supposed constitutional or… … Law dictionary
judicial activism — Judicial philosophy which motivates judges to depart from strict adherence to judicial precedent in favor of progressive and new social policies which are not always consistent with the restraint expected of appellate judges. It is commonly… … Black's law dictionary
judicial activism — Judicial philosophy which motivates judges to depart from strict adherence to judicial precedent in favor of progressive and new social policies which are not always consistent with the restraint expected of appellate judges. It is commonly… … Black's law dictionary
Precedent — In common law legal systems, a precedent or authority is a legal case establishing a principle or rule that a court or other judicial body adopts when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts. DescriptionThe precedent on an issue is … Wikipedia
precedent */ — UK [ˈpresɪdənt] / US noun Word forms precedent : singular precedent plural precedents 1) [countable/uncountable] an action or event in the past that is used as an example or reason for a present action or event precedent for: There are good… … English dictionary
precedent — prec|e|dent [ presıdənt ] noun * 1. ) count or uncount an action or event in the past that is used as an example or reason for a present action or event: precedent for: There are good precedents for this sort of cooperation between organizations … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
Judicial philosophy — is the set of ideas and beliefs which dictate how Justices and judges of the United States federal courts may rule in many cases. There is a large academic debate over judicial philosophy, with some supporting the theory that justices can be… … Wikipedia