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it+was+an+absolute+disaster

  • 1 desastre

    m.
    1 disaster.
    su madre es un desastre her mother is hopeless
    ¡vaya desastre! what a shambles!
    2 mess, bad job.
    * * *
    1 (catástrofe) disaster, catastrophe
    2 familiar (calamidad) disaster, flop
    ■ es un desastre de mujer she's a dead loss, she's a hopeless case
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *

    ¡qué desastre! — how awful!

    soy un desastre dibujando — I'm terrible o hopeless at drawing

    es un desastre de hombre — * he's a dead loss *

    * * *
    a) ( catástrofe) disaster
    b) (fam) ( uso hiperbólico) disaster
    * * *
    = disaster, debacle, calamity.
    Ex. This situation requires a very skilled information worker if total disaster is to be avoided.
    Ex. But out of that debacle came a highly successful international scientific endeavor.
    Ex. His doctrine that even venial wrongdoing is worse than any natural calamity implies that we ought to refrain from such wrongdoing even if calamity results.
    ----
    * camino seguro al desastre = blueprint for disaster.
    * desastre biológico = biological disaster.
    * desastre económico = financial disaster, economic disaster.
    * desastre mecánico = mechanical disaster.
    * desastre natural = natural disaster, natural calamity.
    * desastre provocado por el hombre = man-made disaster.
    * desastre químico = chemical disaster.
    * estar hecho un desastre = look like + a wreck, be a shambles, look like + the wreck of the Hesperus, look like + drag + through a hedge backwards, be (in) a mess.
    * evitar el desastre = ward off + disaster.
    * fórmula para el desastre = blueprint for disaster.
    * hecho un desastre = in shambles, like the wreck of the Hesperus, upside down.
    * ir hecho un desastre = look like + drag + through a hedge backwards, look like + the wreck of the Hesperus.
    * planificación contra desastres = disaster planning, disaster preparedness plan, disaster preparedness planning.
    * preparación contra desastres = disaster preparedness.
    * ser un desastre = be a shambles, be (in) a mess.
    * * *
    a) ( catástrofe) disaster
    b) (fam) ( uso hiperbólico) disaster
    * * *
    = disaster, debacle, calamity.

    Ex: This situation requires a very skilled information worker if total disaster is to be avoided.

    Ex: But out of that debacle came a highly successful international scientific endeavor.
    Ex: His doctrine that even venial wrongdoing is worse than any natural calamity implies that we ought to refrain from such wrongdoing even if calamity results.
    * camino seguro al desastre = blueprint for disaster.
    * desastre biológico = biological disaster.
    * desastre económico = financial disaster, economic disaster.
    * desastre mecánico = mechanical disaster.
    * desastre natural = natural disaster, natural calamity.
    * desastre provocado por el hombre = man-made disaster.
    * desastre químico = chemical disaster.
    * estar hecho un desastre = look like + a wreck, be a shambles, look like + the wreck of the Hesperus, look like + drag + through a hedge backwards, be (in) a mess.
    * evitar el desastre = ward off + disaster.
    * fórmula para el desastre = blueprint for disaster.
    * hecho un desastre = in shambles, like the wreck of the Hesperus, upside down.
    * ir hecho un desastre = look like + drag + through a hedge backwards, look like + the wreck of the Hesperus.
    * planificación contra desastres = disaster planning, disaster preparedness plan, disaster preparedness planning.
    * preparación contra desastres = disaster preparedness.
    * ser un desastre = be a shambles, be (in) a mess.

    * * *
    1 (catástrofe) disaster
    2 ( fam) (uso hiperbólico) disaster
    el partido fue un verdadero desastre the game was an absolute disaster
    cocinando soy un verdadero desastre I'm a real disaster o I'm hopeless when it comes to cooking ( colloq)
    como cantante es un desastre he's a hopeless singer
    tienes la habitación hecha un desastre your room is a shambles o is a real disaster area o looks as though a bomb has hit it ( colloq)
    siempre va hecha un desastre she always goes around looking a real mess o sight ( colloq)
    * * *

     

    desastre sustantivo masculino
    disaster;

    tienes la habitación hecha un desastre your room is a shambles;
    vas hecha un desastre you look a real mess (colloq)
    desastre sustantivo masculino
    1 (desgracia, catástrofe) disaster: el libro narra los desastres de la guerra, the book is about war-time disasters
    2 fig fam tu padre es un desastre, your father's just hopeless
    3 fam (de mala calidad, mal organizado) el concierto fue un verdadero desastre, the concert was a complete flop

    ' desastre' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acabose
    - calamidad
    - escabechina
    - organización
    - proporción
    - sentimental
    - sumar
    - total
    - zafarrancho
    - descalabro
    - ecológico
    English:
    dead loss
    - disaster
    - disastrous
    - loss
    - shambles
    - strike
    - unmitigated
    - utter
    - washout
    - absolute
    - disaster area
    - holocaust
    - hopeless
    - mess
    - responsibility
    - wash
    - way
    * * *
    1. [catástrofe] disaster
    desastre aéreo air disaster;
    desastre ecológico ecological disaster
    2. [persona inútil] disaster;
    su madre es un desastre her mother is hopeless;
    soy un desastre para los negocios I'm hopeless at business;
    es un desastre contando chistes he's useless at telling jokes
    3. Fam [fracaso] disaster;
    fue un desastre de fiesta the party was a flop;
    estar hecho un desastre [roto, sucio, desordenado] to be a real disaster, to be in a mess;
    el mundo está hecho un desastre the world's in a complete mess;
    vas hecho un desastre, arréglate un poco you look a right mess, tidy yourself up a bit;
    ¡vaya desastre! what a shambles!
    * * *
    disaster;
    ser un desastre fig fam be a disaster fam
    * * *
    catástrofe: disaster
    * * *
    desastre n disaster

    Spanish-English dictionary > desastre

  • 2 strage

    f slaughter
    fare strage di cuori be a heartbreaker
    * * *
    strage s.f.
    1 ( eccidio) massacre; slaughter; carnage: fare una strage, to slaughter (o to massacre) // la strage degli innocenti, the slaughter of the innocents // strage di stato, massacre secretly organized by the state // il colera ha fatto strage tra gli abitanti, cholera decimated the population // fecero strage di selvaggina, they slaughtered a great deal of game // c'è stata una strage agli esami, masses of people failed their exams // fare strage di cuori, to break a lot of hearts
    2 ( distruzione, danno) destruction; havoc; damage: il terremoto causò una strage di case e persone, the earthquake caused great damage and loss of life
    3 (fig. fam.) ( grande quantità) large quantity; mass.
    * * *
    ['stradʒe]
    sostantivo femminile
    1) (di persone) massacre, butchery, mass murder
    2) fig.
    * * *
    strage
    /'stradʒe/
    sostantivo f.
     1 (di persone) massacre, butchery, mass murder; fare una strage to carry out a massacre
     2 fig. l'esame è stato una strage the exam was an absolute disaster; fare strage di cuori to break many hearts.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > strage

  • 3 Berezina

    Bérézina [beʀezina]
    feminine noun
    • c'est la Bérézina ! it's a complete disaster!
    * * *
    [berezina] nom propre féminin

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > Berezina

  • 4 l'esame è stato una strage

    l'esame è stato una strage
    the exam was an absolute disaster
    \
    →  strage

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > l'esame è stato una strage

  • 5 провальный

    разг.
    failed; disastrous

    выступле́ние певца́ бы́ло по́лностью прова́льным — the singer was an absolute disaster

    Новый большой русско-английский словарь > провальный

  • 6 Tragödie

    f; -, -n; LIT. tragedy (auch fig.); (Ereignis) auch tragic event; mach nicht gleich eine Tragödie draus umg. there’s no need to make a full-scale drama out of it, try not to get too het up about it; es ist eine Tragödie mit ihr / diesem Computer umg. she’s absolutely hopeless / this computer’s an absolute disaster; das ist doch keine Tragödie umg., fig. that’s not the end of the world
    * * *
    die Tragödie
    tragedy
    * * *
    Tra|gö|die [tra'gøːdiə]
    f -, -n(LITER fig)
    tragedy

    es ist eine Tragö́die mit ihm/dieser Maschine — he/this machine is a disaster

    * * *
    die
    1) ((a) drama about unfortunate events with a sad outcome: `Hamlet' is one of Shakespeare's tragedies.) tragedy
    2) (an unfortunate or sad event: His early death was a great tragedy for his family.) tragedy
    * * *
    Tra·gö·die
    <-, -n>
    [traˈgø:di̯ə]
    f
    1. LIT, THEAT tragedy
    eine/keine \Tragödie sein (fam) to be/not to be the end of the world fam, to be a/no great tragedy fam
    eine \Tragödie aus etw dat machen (fam) to make a mountain out of a molehill fam
    * * *
    die; Tragödie, Tragödien tragedy
    * * *
    Tragödie f; -, -n; LIT tragedy (auch fig); (Ereignis) auch tragic event;
    mach nicht gleich eine Tragödie draus umg there’s no need to make a full-scale drama out of it, try not to get too het up about it;
    es ist eine Tragödie mit ihr/diesem Computer umg she’s absolutely hopeless/this computer’s an absolute disaster;
    das ist doch keine Tragödie umg, fig that’s not the end of the world
    * * *
    die; Tragödie, Tragödien tragedy
    * * *
    -n f.
    tragedy n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Tragödie

  • 7 completo

    1. adj complete
    ( pieno) full
    theatre sold out
    2. m set
    ( vestito) suit
    al completo ( pieno) full (up)
    theatre sold out
    * * *
    completo agg.
    1 complete, full, whole, entire: la serie non era completa, the series wasn't complete; ci diede un resoconto completo del viaggio, he gave us a full account of his journey; un microscopio completo di accessori, a microscope complete with accessories; un pasto completo, a full meal; un atleta completo, an all-round athlete; il latte è un alimento completo, milk is a good all-round food // (mat.) reticolo, spazio completo, complete lattice, space
    2 ( totale) complete, entire, utter, absolute, total: ho una fiducia completa in lui, I have complete faith in him; ero nel buio completo, I was in total darkness; la casa era in completa rovina, the house was in complete ruin
    3 ( esaurito) full (up): l'albergo era completo, the hotel was full // (mar.) carico completo, full cargo
    ◆ s.m.
    1 al completo, full (up): spiacenti, siamo al completo, sorry, we are all full (up); il teatro era al completo, the theatre was full; c'era la classe al completo, the whole class was there
    2 (abbigl.) ( insieme di indumenti) outfit; ( insieme di accessori) set, gear: completo da uomo, suit; completo da donna, costume (o suit); completo da sci, ski suit (o outfit); completo da tennis, tennis outfit; completo da barba, shaving gear
    3 ( ippica) three-day event.
    * * *
    [kom'plɛto] completo (-a)
    1. agg
    (gen) complete, (resoconto, elenco) full, complete, (fiasco, fallimento) complete, utter
    2. sm

    completo di lenzuola singole/matrimoniali — set of sheets for a single/double bed

    essere al completo — (albergo) to be full, (teatro) to be sold out

    * * *
    [kom'plɛto] 1.
    1) (intero) [opere, collezione] complete; [ lista] comprehensive; [nome, indirizzo] full
    2) (pieno) [albergo, volo] full

    "completo" — "no vacancies"

    3) (totale) [ fiducia] complete, absolute; [ disastro] utter

    buio completo — complete o pitch o utter darkness

    4) (versatile) [attore, atleta, servizio] all-round
    5) completo di complete with [batterie, accessori]
    2.
    sostantivo maschile
    1) abbigl. suit; (tenuta) outfit

    completo da scrivania — desk set o accessories

    3) al completo [ albergo] full; [cinema, teatro] sold out
    * * *
    completo
    /kom'plεto/
     1 (intero) [opere, collezione] complete; [ lista] comprehensive; [nome, indirizzo] full; questo non dà un quadro completo della situazione this doesn't give the whole picture
     2 (pieno) [albergo, volo] full; "completo" "no vacancies"
     3 (totale) [ fiducia] complete, absolute; [ disastro] utter; buio completo complete o pitch o utter darkness
     4 (versatile) [attore, atleta, servizio] all-round
     5 completo di complete with [batterie, accessori]
     1 abbigl. suit; (tenuta) outfit
     2 (accessori) completo da scrivania desk set o accessories
     3 al completo [ albergo] full; [cinema, teatro] sold out; essere al completo to be booked up o fully booked.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > completo

  • 8 auténtico

    adj.
    authentic, legitimate, real, true.
    * * *
    1 authentic, genuine, real
    * * *
    (f. - auténtica)
    adj.
    * * *
    ADJ
    1) (=legítimo) authentic; [persona] genuine

    días de auténtico calor — days of real heat, really hot days

    2) * (=estupendo) great *, brilliant *
    * * *
    - ca adjetivo
    a) < cuadro> genuine, authentic; <perla/piel> real; < documento> authentic
    b) <interés/cariño/persona> genuine
    c) <pesadilla/catástrofe> (delante del n) real (before n)
    * * *
    = authentic, bona fide, genuine, true [truer -comp., truest -sup.], kosher, funky [funkier -comp., funkiest -sup.], actual.
    Ex. These names are not the authentic names of these peoples.
    Ex. Booksellers were forbidden to retail new books, other than bona fide remainders, at less than list prices, under threat of being black-listed and refused further supplies.
    Ex. A general paper may be irrelevant to a specialist but of genuine value to someone seeking a brief introduction to a field peripheral to their main interest.
    Ex. The Concise AACR2 by Michael Gorman is not a true abridged edition of the full edition, but rather a rewritten distillation of the essential rules and principles.
    Ex. Some mammals, such as pigs, have a cloven hoof but are not considered kosher because they do not meet other criteria.
    Ex. The scarf can be knit with pockets at the end to keep their hands toasty or trimmed with bobbles for a funky look.
    Ex. It presents a case study based on an actual situation which arose between the chief librarian of a public library and the library janitor.
    ----
    * auténtica leyenda = living legend.
    * auténtico mito = living legend.
    * de un modo auténtico = authentically.
    * el auténtico = the real McCoy.
    * no auténtico = unauthentic.
    * un auténtico infierno = a living hell.
    * * *
    - ca adjetivo
    a) < cuadro> genuine, authentic; <perla/piel> real; < documento> authentic
    b) <interés/cariño/persona> genuine
    c) <pesadilla/catástrofe> (delante del n) real (before n)
    * * *
    = authentic, bona fide, genuine, true [truer -comp., truest -sup.], kosher, funky [funkier -comp., funkiest -sup.], actual.

    Ex: These names are not the authentic names of these peoples.

    Ex: Booksellers were forbidden to retail new books, other than bona fide remainders, at less than list prices, under threat of being black-listed and refused further supplies.
    Ex: A general paper may be irrelevant to a specialist but of genuine value to someone seeking a brief introduction to a field peripheral to their main interest.
    Ex: The Concise AACR2 by Michael Gorman is not a true abridged edition of the full edition, but rather a rewritten distillation of the essential rules and principles.
    Ex: Some mammals, such as pigs, have a cloven hoof but are not considered kosher because they do not meet other criteria.
    Ex: The scarf can be knit with pockets at the end to keep their hands toasty or trimmed with bobbles for a funky look.
    Ex: It presents a case study based on an actual situation which arose between the chief librarian of a public library and the library janitor.
    * auténtica leyenda = living legend.
    * auténtico mito = living legend.
    * de un modo auténtico = authentically.
    * el auténtico = the real McCoy.
    * no auténtico = unauthentic.
    * un auténtico infierno = a living hell.

    * * *
    A
    1 ‹cuadro› genuine, authentic; ‹perla/piel› real; ‹documento› authentic
    2 ‹interés/cariño› genuine; ‹persona› genuine
    3 ‹pesadilla/catástrofe› ( delante del n) real ( before n)
    el resultado es un auténtico desastre the result is an absolute o a complete o a real disaster
    una auténtica multitud se dio cita frente al banco a huge o real crowd gathered opposite the bank
    B ( Esp arg) (estupendo) great ( colloq)
    * * *

    Del verbo autenticar: ( conjugate autenticar)

    autentico es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    autenticó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    autenticar    
    auténtico
    autenticar ( conjugate autenticar) verbo transitivo
    a) ‹firma/documento› to authenticate

    b) (RPl) ‹ fotocopia› to attest

    auténtico
    ◊ -ca adjetivo


    ‹perla/piel› real;
    ‹ documento› authentic
    b) ‹interés/cariño/persona› genuine

    c) ‹pesadilla/catástrofe› ( delante del n) real ( before n)

    auténtico,-a adjetivo authentic
    ' auténtico' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    auténtica
    - calvario
    - galimatías
    - infierno
    - parásita
    - parásito
    - pendón
    - pestiño
    - portento
    - querubín
    - rompecabezas
    - verdad
    - verdadera
    - verdadero
    English:
    absolute
    - aggravating
    - authentic
    - deep-rooted
    - dope
    - drip
    - genius
    - genuine
    - hick
    - misery
    - ordeal
    - positive
    - predicament
    - real
    - right
    - trial
    - true-born
    - unadulterated
    - veritable
    - bona fide
    - indeed
    - true
    * * *
    auténtico, -a adj
    1. [cuadro] genuine;
    [diamante] real; [documento] authentic
    2. [persona] genuine;
    [sentimiento] genuine, real
    3. [como intensificador]
    es un auténtico imbécil he's a real idiot;
    eso es un auténtico disparate that's completely crazy;
    fue un auténtico desastre it was a total disaster
    * * *
    adj authentic
    * * *
    auténtico, -ca adj
    : authentic
    * * *
    1. (no falso) genuine / authentic

    Spanish-English dictionary > auténtico

  • 9 véritable

    véritable [veʀitabl]
    adjective
    real ; [identité, raisons] true
    • c'est une véritable révolution ! it's a real revolution!
    * * *
    veʀitabl
    1) ( authentique) [ami] true, genuine, real; [sentiment, discussion] true, real; [artiste] true; [cuir] real, genuine; [or, argent] real
    2) ( réel) [nom, raison, responsable] real, actual; [colère] real; [joie] true
    3) ( intensif) (before n) real, veritable
    * * *
    veʀitabl adj
    1) (= vrai) real

    "cuir véritable" — "real leather", "genuine leather"

    2) (= sincère) (ami, amour) true
    3) (emphatique: avant le nom) absolute

    C'était un véritable cauchemar. — It was an absolute nightmare.

    * * *
    1 ( authentique) [ami] true, genuine, real; [sentiment, discussion] true, real; [artiste] true; [cuir] real, genuine; [or, argent] real;
    2 ( réel) [nom, raison, responsable] real, actual; [colère] real; [joie] true; voici la véritable histoire de… this is the real ou true story of…; sous leur jour véritable in their true light;
    3 ( intensif) (before n) real, veritable; c'est une véritable catastrophe! it's an absolute ou real catastrophe!; un véritable forcené an absolute maniac; la pièce est une véritable fournaise/glacière the room is like an oven/a fridge.
    [veritabl] adjectif
    1. [d'origine] real, true
    2. [authentique - or] real, genuine ; [ - amitié, sentiment] true
    3. (avant le nom) [absolu] real

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > véritable

  • 10 completo

    adj.
    1 complete, entire, integral, uncut.
    2 complete, total, exhaustive, out-and-out.
    3 complete, full-length, all-inclusive, all-round.
    4 complete, concluded, done, finished.
    5 square, hearty.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: completar.
    * * *
    1 (terminado) finished, completed
    2 (lleno) full
    \
    al completo full up, filled to capacity
    por completo completely
    * * *
    (f. - completa)
    adj.
    2) full
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) (=entero) [dieta] balanced; [colección] complete; [texto, informe] full, complete; [felicidad] complete, total; [panorama] full
    jornada 1), obra 2), b), pensión 3)
    2) (=lleno) full; [hotel] full, fully booked

    completo — [en pensión, hostal] no vacancies; [en taquilla] sold out

    al completo: el tren está al completo — the train is full

    3) (=total) [éxito, fracaso] complete, total

    por completo — [desaparecer, desconocer] completely

    su partido apoyaba por completo la iniciativa — his party fully supported the initiative, his party gave its full support to the initiative

    4) (=terminado)
    5) (=bien hecho)

    este libro es pequeño, pero bastante completo — this book is small, but quite comprehensive

    6) (=polifacético) [actor, deportista] all-round
    2.
    SM Chile hot dog ( with salad)
    * * *
    I
    - ta adjetivo
    1)
    a) ( entero) complete
    b) (total, absoluto) complete, total
    c) ( exhaustivo) < explicación> detailed; <obra/diccionario> comprehensive; <tesis/ensayo> thorough
    d) <deportista/actor> complete, very versatile
    2) ( lleno) full

    completo — ( en hostal) no vacancies; ( en taquilla) sold out

    II
    masculino (Chi) hot dog (with all the trimmings)
    * * *
    = complete, comprehensive, entire, exhaustive, full [fuller -comp., fullest -sup.], full-blown, full-bodied, full-featured, full-fledged, full-length, full-scale, full-service, thorough, total, well-rounded, end to end, supine, enriched, all-round, whole, utter, all-inclusive, fully formed, fully featured, the works!, unmitigaged, fully blown.
    Ex. The main entry is the complete catalogue record of the document.
    Ex. One of the factors to consider in the selection of a data base is whether the data base is comprehensive or not.
    Ex. Plainly such representative sections may not be present in many documents, but sometimes an extract from the results, conclusions or recommendations of a document may serve to identify the key issues covered by the entire document.
    Ex. The enumeration of isolates should be exhaustive or complete for the subject area.
    Ex. Since recall goes up as precision goes down, it is clearly not possible to achieve in general a system which gives full recall at the same time as full precision.
    Ex. Reference transactions can range from the ready-reference, or short-answer question, to the full-blown research inquiry to establish methodology.
    Ex. By adulthood the child's literary consciousness has grown into a full-bodied appreciation of the work of the great imaginative writers.
    Ex. The EPIC service is a full-featured on-line reference system that provides subject access, and keyword and Boolean searching to a variety of databases.
    Ex. Once the functional and informal network seeks to widen its influence, it becomes a full-fledged institution.
    Ex. Plays and music performances put on by staff and children require less arduous preparation than a full-length public performance.
    Ex. Obviously, staff will have to be instructed in the use of the new system, be it word processing or a full-scale circulation system.
    Ex. In other words, they want us to start from scratch and come up with a plan for a full-service center, which might then be used as a model for the other regional centers.
    Ex. Timely and thorough planning is essential.
    Ex. This situation requires a very skilled information worker if total disaster is to be avoided.
    Ex. This has produced the matriarchal system in society on the one hand, and well-rounded libraries organized under the slogan 'Libraries are for wallowing in' on the other.
    Ex. Next morning the heap, now damp right through, was set up on one end of the horse (later called the bank), a bench long enough to take two piles of paper end to end, and about as high as the coffin of the press.
    Ex. 'I was saying that we shouldn't have a supine acceptance for temporary limitations'.
    Ex. Union Catalogues may also decide that they need more enriched records because of specific needs.
    Ex. The finest and most influential of these French italics were the work of Robert Granjon, an artist of the stature of his countryman and near-contemporary Garamont and one of the greatest all-round type designers of any period.
    Ex. One of them will take instructions and data from a whole roomful of girls armed with simple keyboard punches.
    Ex. There is little to be said for this grudging acceptance or utter rejection of pseudonyms.
    Ex. It is not an all-inclusive listing of materials on this topic.
    Ex. The film's supple structure, surprisingly light touch, and bravura performances make it perhaps the most fully formed, half-hearted goof ever.
    Ex. The technology has matured sufficiently that it's now cheap and relatively easy to set up a fully featured repository in quite a short time.
    Ex. Whole cities laid to waste, heroes falling in battle, death of gods, the works!.
    Ex. Only Bush could take a horrible situation and create an unmitigated disaster.
    Ex. This time it's a hairline fracture rather than a fully blown break of a metatarsal, however the result is the same.
    ----
    * alojamiento en régimen de pensión completa = full-board accommodation.
    * a tiempo completo = full-time.
    * base de datos completa = full-provision database.
    * base de datos de texto completo = full text database.
    * catalogación completa = full cataloguing.
    * catálogo de obras completas = back catalogue.
    * curso a tiempo completo = full-time course.
    * de forma completa = in full.
    * de página completa = full-page.
    * de pantalla completa = full-screen.
    * detenerse por completo = come to + a standstill, be at a standstill.
    * dominar por completo = sweep + the board.
    * edición completa = full edition.
    * el + Nombre + más completo = the + Nombre + to end all + Nombre.
    * estar al completo = overbook.
    * fuego + destruir por completo = fire + gut.
    * información de texto completo = full-text information.
    * letra cuya impresión en papel no está completa = broken letter.
    * nombre completo = full name.
    * obras completas = collected works.
    * pagar por completo = pay off.
    * pantalla de información completa = full information display, full information screen.
    * pararse por completo = come to + a standstill, be at a standstill.
    * pensión completa = food and board, bed and board, full board, full-board accommodation.
    * por completo = fully.
    * ser completo = be all inclusive.
    * texto completo = full text.
    * * *
    I
    - ta adjetivo
    1)
    a) ( entero) complete
    b) (total, absoluto) complete, total
    c) ( exhaustivo) < explicación> detailed; <obra/diccionario> comprehensive; <tesis/ensayo> thorough
    d) <deportista/actor> complete, very versatile
    2) ( lleno) full

    completo — ( en hostal) no vacancies; ( en taquilla) sold out

    II
    masculino (Chi) hot dog (with all the trimmings)
    * * *
    = complete, comprehensive, entire, exhaustive, full [fuller -comp., fullest -sup.], full-blown, full-bodied, full-featured, full-fledged, full-length, full-scale, full-service, thorough, total, well-rounded, end to end, supine, enriched, all-round, whole, utter, all-inclusive, fully formed, fully featured, the works!, unmitigaged, fully blown.

    Ex: The main entry is the complete catalogue record of the document.

    Ex: One of the factors to consider in the selection of a data base is whether the data base is comprehensive or not.
    Ex: Plainly such representative sections may not be present in many documents, but sometimes an extract from the results, conclusions or recommendations of a document may serve to identify the key issues covered by the entire document.
    Ex: The enumeration of isolates should be exhaustive or complete for the subject area.
    Ex: Since recall goes up as precision goes down, it is clearly not possible to achieve in general a system which gives full recall at the same time as full precision.
    Ex: Reference transactions can range from the ready-reference, or short-answer question, to the full-blown research inquiry to establish methodology.
    Ex: By adulthood the child's literary consciousness has grown into a full-bodied appreciation of the work of the great imaginative writers.
    Ex: The EPIC service is a full-featured on-line reference system that provides subject access, and keyword and Boolean searching to a variety of databases.
    Ex: Once the functional and informal network seeks to widen its influence, it becomes a full-fledged institution.
    Ex: Plays and music performances put on by staff and children require less arduous preparation than a full-length public performance.
    Ex: Obviously, staff will have to be instructed in the use of the new system, be it word processing or a full-scale circulation system.
    Ex: In other words, they want us to start from scratch and come up with a plan for a full-service center, which might then be used as a model for the other regional centers.
    Ex: Timely and thorough planning is essential.
    Ex: This situation requires a very skilled information worker if total disaster is to be avoided.
    Ex: This has produced the matriarchal system in society on the one hand, and well-rounded libraries organized under the slogan 'Libraries are for wallowing in' on the other.
    Ex: Next morning the heap, now damp right through, was set up on one end of the horse (later called the bank), a bench long enough to take two piles of paper end to end, and about as high as the coffin of the press.
    Ex: 'I was saying that we shouldn't have a supine acceptance for temporary limitations'.
    Ex: Union Catalogues may also decide that they need more enriched records because of specific needs.
    Ex: The finest and most influential of these French italics were the work of Robert Granjon, an artist of the stature of his countryman and near-contemporary Garamont and one of the greatest all-round type designers of any period.
    Ex: One of them will take instructions and data from a whole roomful of girls armed with simple keyboard punches.
    Ex: There is little to be said for this grudging acceptance or utter rejection of pseudonyms.
    Ex: It is not an all-inclusive listing of materials on this topic.
    Ex: The film's supple structure, surprisingly light touch, and bravura performances make it perhaps the most fully formed, half-hearted goof ever.
    Ex: The technology has matured sufficiently that it's now cheap and relatively easy to set up a fully featured repository in quite a short time.
    Ex: Whole cities laid to waste, heroes falling in battle, death of gods, the works!.
    Ex: Only Bush could take a horrible situation and create an unmitigated disaster.
    Ex: This time it's a hairline fracture rather than a fully blown break of a metatarsal, however the result is the same.
    * alojamiento en régimen de pensión completa = full-board accommodation.
    * a tiempo completo = full-time.
    * base de datos completa = full-provision database.
    * base de datos de texto completo = full text database.
    * catalogación completa = full cataloguing.
    * catálogo de obras completas = back catalogue.
    * curso a tiempo completo = full-time course.
    * de forma completa = in full.
    * de página completa = full-page.
    * de pantalla completa = full-screen.
    * detenerse por completo = come to + a standstill, be at a standstill.
    * dominar por completo = sweep + the board.
    * edición completa = full edition.
    * el + Nombre + más completo = the + Nombre + to end all + Nombre.
    * estar al completo = overbook.
    * fuego + destruir por completo = fire + gut.
    * información de texto completo = full-text information.
    * letra cuya impresión en papel no está completa = broken letter.
    * nombre completo = full name.
    * obras completas = collected works.
    * pagar por completo = pay off.
    * pantalla de información completa = full information display, full information screen.
    * pararse por completo = come to + a standstill, be at a standstill.
    * pensión completa = food and board, bed and board, full board, full-board accommodation.
    * por completo = fully.
    * ser completo = be all inclusive.
    * texto completo = full text.

    * * *
    completo1 -ta
    A
    esta baraja no está completa this deck isn't complete, there's a card/there are some cards missing from this deck
    las obras completas de Neruda the complete works of Neruda
    la serie completa the whole series
    la gama más completa the fullest o most complete range
    2 (total, absoluto) complete, total
    no hay felicidad completa there's no such thing as complete happiness
    por completo completely
    lo olvidé por completo I completely forgot about it, I forgot all about it
    3
    (exhaustivo): una explicación muy completa a very full o detailed explanation
    uno de los diccionarios más completos one of the most comprehensive dictionaries
    un trabajo muy completo a very thorough piece of work
    4 ‹deportista/actor› complete, very versatile
    B (lleno) full
    el tren iba completo the train was full
    el hotel está completo the hotel is full o fully booked
    [ S ] completo (en un hostal) no vacancies; (en una taquilla) sold out
    ( Chi)
    * * *

     

    Del verbo completar: ( conjugate completar)

    completo es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    completó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    completar    
    completo
    completar ( conjugate completar) verbo transitivo

    b) (AmL) ‹cuestionario/impreso› to complete, fill out o in

    completo
    ◊ -ta adjetivo

    1


    b) (total, absoluto) complete, total;



    ‹obra/diccionario› comprehensive;
    ‹tesis/ensayo› thorough
    d) ‹deportista/actor› complete, very versatile

    2 ( lleno) ‹vagón/hotel› full;
    ( on signs) completo ( en hostal) no vacancies;
    ( en taquilla) sold out
    completar verbo transitivo to complete
    completo,-a adjetivo
    1 (entero, total) complete
    2 (lleno) full
    3 (versátil) versatile, complete
    4 (exhaustivo) comprehensive
    ♦ Locuciones: al completo, full up o to capacity
    por completo, completely
    ' completo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    absoluta
    - absoluto
    - acabada
    - acabado
    - calcinar
    - completa
    - entera
    - entero
    - íntegra
    - íntegro
    - parcial
    - plena
    - pleno
    - radical
    - tiempo
    - toda
    - todo
    - alimento
    - integral
    - trabajar
    - trabajo
    English:
    book up
    - clam up
    - clean
    - collected
    - complete
    - completely
    - dedication
    - entirely
    - envelop
    - forge
    - full
    - full-time
    - groundwork
    - outright
    - slip
    - stranglehold
    - strength
    - utter
    - all
    - book
    - capacity
    - comprehensive
    - reversal
    - strict
    - uncut
    * * *
    completo, -a
    ♦ adj
    1. [entero] complete;
    nombre completo full name;
    las obras completas de un autor the complete works of an author;
    vino toda la familia al completo the entire family came
    2. [lleno] full;
    [en cartel] [hotel] no vacancies; [aparcamiento] full; [en taquilla] sold out
    el vagón está o [m5] va completo the Br carriage o US car is full;
    todos los hoteles de la ciudad están al completo all the hotels in town are full
    3. [perfecto] complete;
    un deportista muy completo an all-round athlete o Br sportsman;
    un espectáculo muy completo a very well-rounded production
    4. [rotundo] complete;
    un completo silencio complete o total silence;
    fue un completo éxito/fracaso it was a complete success/a complete o total failure;
    es un completo caballero he's an absolute o the complete gentleman;
    es un completo mentiroso he's a complete liar
    5. CSur [café, té, chocolate] = served with toast, butter, cakes and pastries
    ♦ nm
    Chile = hot dog with all the trimmings
    ♦ por completo loc adv
    completely;
    han desaparecido por completo they have completely disappeared;
    se dedica por completo a la música she devotes herself full-time to music
    * * *
    adj complete; autobús, teatro full;
    por completo completely;
    al completo whole, entire
    * * *
    completo, -ta adj
    1) : complete
    2) : perfect, absolute
    3) : full, detailed
    * * *
    1. (entero) complete
    2. (lleno) full

    Spanish-English dictionary > completo

  • 11 debacle

    f.
    debacle.
    * * *
    1 disaster, downfall
    * * *
    SF debacle, disaster
    * * *
    a) ( fiasco) debacle, fiasco
    b) ( derrumbamiento) collapse, downfall
    * * *
    Ex. But out of that debacle came a highly successful international scientific endeavor.
    * * *
    a) ( fiasco) debacle, fiasco
    b) ( derrumbamiento) collapse, downfall
    * * *

    Ex: But out of that debacle came a highly successful international scientific endeavor.

    * * *
    1 (fiasco) debacle, fiasco
    aquello fue la debacle it was absolute chaos
    2 (derrumbamiento) collapse, downfall
    * * *
    debacle;
    trató de explicar la debacle electoral he tried to explain the election debacle;
    la reunión fue la debacle the meeting was a disaster
    * * *
    f debacle

    Spanish-English dictionary > debacle

  • 12 regelrecht

    I Adj.
    1. regular, proper
    2. umg. (ausgesprochen) real, regular; Katastrophe, Skandal: absolute; das ist regelrechter Betrug this is simply fraud; es war eine regelrechte Unverschämtheit it was downright ( oder sheer) impertinence; aus dem Streit wurde eine regelrechte Schlägerei the argument turned into a regular ( oder an out-and-out) fight
    II Adv. umg.: regelrecht unmöglich etc. absolutely impossible etc. allg.; er ist regelrecht reingefallen he really fell for it
    * * *
    rightdown (Adj.); regular (Adj.); rightdown (Adv.)
    * * *
    re|gel|recht
    1. adj
    real, proper; Betrug, Erpressung, Beleidigung etc downright

    er wollte einen régelrechten Prozess — he wanted a full-blown trial

    das Spiel artete in eine régelrechte Schlägerei aus — the match degenerated into a regular brawl

    2. adv
    really; unverschämt, beleidigend downright; (= buchstäblich) literally
    * * *
    re·gel·recht
    [ˈregl̩rɛçt]
    I. adj (fam: richtiggehend) proper, real
    eine \regelrechte Schlägerei a regular brawl
    eine \regelrechte Frechheit a downright [or an utter] cheek
    II. adv (fam: richtiggehend) really
    jdn \regelrecht zur Schnecke [o (derb) SÜDD Sau] machen to give sb a good dressing down [or BRIT a. a real carpeting]
    \regelrecht betrunken sein to be well and truly plastered
    * * *
    1.
    (ugs.) Adjektiv; nicht präd. proper (coll.); real; real < shock>; real, absolute < scandal>; complete, utter < flop, disaster>; real, downright <impertinence, insult>
    2.
    adverbial really
    * * *
    A. adj
    1. regular, proper
    2. umg (ausgesprochen) real, regular; Katastrophe, Skandal: absolute;
    das ist regelrechter Betrug this is simply fraud;
    es war eine regelrechte Unverschämtheit it was downright ( oder sheer) impertinence;
    aus dem Streit wurde eine regelrechte Schlägerei the argument turned into a regular ( oder an out-and-out) fight
    B. adv umg:
    regelrecht unmöglich etc absolutely impossible etc allg;
    er ist regelrecht reingefallen he really fell for it
    * * *
    1.
    (ugs.) Adjektiv; nicht präd. proper (coll.); real; real < shock>; real, absolute < scandal>; complete, utter <flop, disaster>; real, downright <impertinence, insult>
    2.
    adverbial really
    * * *
    adj.
    proper adj.
    real adj.
    regular adj.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > regelrecht

  • 13 rotundo

    adj.
    categorical, final, absolute, emphatic.
    * * *
    1 (redondo) round
    2 figurado (frase) well-turned; (éxito) resounding
    3 (negativa) flat, categorical; (afirmación) categorical, emphatic
    * * *
    ADJ
    1) (=terminante) [negativa] flat; [victoria] clear, convincing

    me dio un "sí" rotundo — he gave me an emphatic "yes"

    2) (=redondo) round
    * * *
    - da adjetivo
    a) < respuesta> categorical, emphatic; < negativa> categorical

    me contestó con un `no' rotundo — his answer was an emphatic `no'

    b) < éxito> resounding
    c) <párrafo/lenguaje> polished
    * * *
    = uncompromising, steadfast, forthright, blunt, uncompromised, resounding, unequivocal, unqualified, categoric, unmitigaged.
    Ex. What precipitated that furor was that Panizzi's volume represented a uncompromising rejection of the comfortable ideology of the finding catalog.
    Ex. He does admit, however, that 'this power is unusual, it is a gift which must be cultivated, an accomplishment which can only be acquired by vigorous and steadfast concentration'.
    Ex. We have been told once, in clear and forthright terms, what it is that we need.
    Ex. The author discusses the range of enquiries he deals with, the sources of information he uses, and the blunt attitude with which he deals with many enquirers.
    Ex. The Gazette advocated uncompromised racial equality and viewed the migration as a weapon against oppression.
    Ex. The answer was a resounding yes.
    Ex. The exhaustive and unequivocal definition of the nature and types of material qualifying to be described as ephemera could probably form the basis of a learned dissertation.
    Ex. Wing has not had the almost unqualified praise from the reviewers that Pollard and Redgrave received.
    Ex. The question of the need for categoric assurances is not locked into a 12 month timeframe or any other timeframe.
    Ex. Only Bush could take a horrible situation and create an unmitigated disaster.
    ----
    * éxito rotundo = resounding success, award-winning success.
    * fracaso rotundo = resounding failure, complete failure.
    * no rotundo = flat "no".
    * tener un éxito roturno = take + Nombre + by storm.
    * * *
    - da adjetivo
    a) < respuesta> categorical, emphatic; < negativa> categorical

    me contestó con un `no' rotundo — his answer was an emphatic `no'

    b) < éxito> resounding
    c) <párrafo/lenguaje> polished
    * * *
    = uncompromising, steadfast, forthright, blunt, uncompromised, resounding, unequivocal, unqualified, categoric, unmitigaged.

    Ex: What precipitated that furor was that Panizzi's volume represented a uncompromising rejection of the comfortable ideology of the finding catalog.

    Ex: He does admit, however, that 'this power is unusual, it is a gift which must be cultivated, an accomplishment which can only be acquired by vigorous and steadfast concentration'.
    Ex: We have been told once, in clear and forthright terms, what it is that we need.
    Ex: The author discusses the range of enquiries he deals with, the sources of information he uses, and the blunt attitude with which he deals with many enquirers.
    Ex: The Gazette advocated uncompromised racial equality and viewed the migration as a weapon against oppression.
    Ex: The answer was a resounding yes.
    Ex: The exhaustive and unequivocal definition of the nature and types of material qualifying to be described as ephemera could probably form the basis of a learned dissertation.
    Ex: Wing has not had the almost unqualified praise from the reviewers that Pollard and Redgrave received.
    Ex: The question of the need for categoric assurances is not locked into a 12 month timeframe or any other timeframe.
    Ex: Only Bush could take a horrible situation and create an unmitigated disaster.
    * éxito rotundo = resounding success, award-winning success.
    * fracaso rotundo = resounding failure, complete failure.
    * no rotundo = flat "no".
    * tener un éxito roturno = take + Nombre + by storm.

    * * *
    rotundo -da
    1 ‹respuesta› categorical, emphatic; ‹negativa› categorical
    me contestó con un `no' rotundo his answer was a categorical o an emphatic `no'
    2 ‹éxito› resounding ( before n)
    3 ‹párrafo/lenguaje› polished
    * * *

    rotundo
    ◊ -da adjetivo


    ‹ negativa› categorical, outright ( before n);
    ◊ me contestó con un `no' rotundo his answer was an emphatic `no'

    b) ‹éxito/fracaso› resounding

    rotundo,-a adjetivo
    1 emphatic, categorical
    éxito rotundo, resounding success
    2 (una voz, un lenguaje) expressive, well-rounded
    ' rotundo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    rotunda
    English:
    flat
    - no
    - outright
    - point-blank
    - resounding
    - rotund
    - straight
    - vigorous
    - blank
    - blunt
    - categorical
    - total
    - unqualified
    * * *
    rotundo, -a adj
    1. [negativa, persona] categorical
    2. [lenguaje, estilo] emphatic, forceful
    3. [completo] total;
    un rotundo fracaso a total o complete failure;
    tuvo un rotundo éxito it enjoyed a resounding success, it was hugely successful
    4. [cuerpo] rotund;
    una mujer de formas rotundas a curvaceous woman
    * * *
    adj fig
    categorical
    * * *
    rotundo, -da adj
    1) redondo: round
    2) : categorical, absolute
    un éxito rotundo: a resounding success
    ♦ rotundamente adv

    Spanish-English dictionary > rotundo

  • 14 total

    adj.
    1 total (completo) (cifra, coste).
    adv.
    basically, in a word.
    total que me marché so anyway, I left
    total, ¿qué más da? what difference does it make anyway?
    intj.
    in short.
    Total,nadie acudió a su trabajo! In short, nobody came to work!
    m.
    1 total (suma).
    2 whole (totalidad, conjunto).
    el total del grupo the whole group
    nos costó 200 dólares en total it cost us 200 dollars in total o all
    en total fuimos más de treinta personas in total there were more than thirty of us
    * * *
    1 total, complete, overall
    1 (totalidad) whole
    2 (suma) total, sum
    1 (en conclusión) in short, so
    ■ total, fue un fracaso in short, it was a failure
    ■ total, que se fueron porque quisieron they left because they wanted to
    2 (al fin y al cabo) after all
    ■ total, para lo que me sirve... after all, for all the good it is to me...
    \
    en total in all
    * * *
    noun m. adj.
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) (=absoluto) [éxito, fracaso] total
    2) (=global) [importe, suma] total
    3) * (=excelente) smashing, brilliant
    2. ADV
    1) (=resumiendo) in short, all in all; (=así que) so

    total que — to cut a long story short, the upshot of it all was that...

    total, que no fuimos — so we didn't go after all

    total, que vas a hacer lo que quieras — basically then you're going to do as you please

    2) (=al fin y al cabo) at the end of the day

    total, ¿qué más te da? — at the end of the day, what do you care?

    total, usted manda — well, you're the boss after all

    3.
    SM (=suma total) total; (=totalidad) whole
    * * *
    I
    a) ( absoluto) <desastre/destrucción> total; < éxito> resounding, total
    b) ( global) <costo/importe> total
    II
    masculino total

    ¿cuánto es el total? — how much is it altogether?

    III
    adverbio (indep) (fam)
    a) ( al resumir una narración) so, in the end

    total, que me di por vencida — so in the end I gave up

    b) (expresando indiferencia, poca importancia)

    total, a mí qué — (fam) what do I care anyway

    total, mañana no tienes que trabajar — after all, you don't have to go to work tomorrow

    * * *
    I
    a) ( absoluto) <desastre/destrucción> total; < éxito> resounding, total
    b) ( global) <costo/importe> total
    II
    masculino total

    ¿cuánto es el total? — how much is it altogether?

    III
    adverbio (indep) (fam)
    a) ( al resumir una narración) so, in the end

    total, que me di por vencida — so in the end I gave up

    b) (expresando indiferencia, poca importancia)

    total, a mí qué — (fam) what do I care anyway

    total, mañana no tienes que trabajar — after all, you don't have to go to work tomorrow

    * * *
    total1
    1 = tally [tallies, pl.], total, count, grand total.

    Ex: As the various parts of the record are entered, the document summary indicates the additions by the tallies opposite the record parts.

    Ex: Someone must read a total on the card, so that the machine can add its computed item to it.
    Ex: Not much data beyond loan counts was available and re-keying and remanipulations were frequently needed to make the information useful.
    Ex: The grand total of 4,300 exhibitors was 4 per cent up on 1996.
    * de un total de + Cantidad = out of a total of + Cantidad.
    * el total de = the total sum of, the sum total of.
    * total comprometida = encumbrance.
    * total comprometido = accrual.
    * total de calorías = calorie count.
    * total de préstamos = circulation figures.
    * total devengado = encumbrance, accrual.
    * un total de = a universe of, a total of.

    total2
    2 = complete, full [fuller -comp., fullest -sup.], thorough, total, end to end, supine, unrelieved, utter, gavel to gavel, systemic, overarching, ultimate, avowed, out-and-out, certified, unmitigaged, fully blown, unreserved.

    Ex: The main entry is the complete catalogue record of the document.

    Ex: Since recall goes up as precision goes down, it is clearly not possible to achieve in general a system which gives full recall at the same time as full precision.
    Ex: Timely and thorough planning is essential.
    Ex: This situation requires a very skilled information worker if total disaster is to be avoided.
    Ex: Next morning the heap, now damp right through, was set up on one end of the horse (later called the bank), a bench long enough to take two piles of paper end to end, and about as high as the coffin of the press.
    Ex: 'I was saying that we shouldn't have a supine acceptance for temporary limitations'.
    Ex: Although the slave narratives were usually intended to serve in the cause of abolition, not all of them were bitter, unrelieved tirades against the institution of slavery, but rather there were frequently moments of relieving laughter.
    Ex: There is little to be said for this grudging acceptance or utter rejection of pseudonyms.
    Ex: A survey of state legislators finds that lawmakers support expanding television coverage of legislative proceedings to include gavel to gavel programming.
    Ex: There is a need for an examination of the whole process of information dissemination from a 'systemic' framework.
    Ex: There appears to be an unhealthy tendency among information technology professionals to elevate any single, highly successful practical experience instantly into an overarching paradigm for managerial success.
    Ex: The whole project is undeniably full of sentimental, cinephiliac rapture, but it provided the ultimate opportunity for filmmakers to talk feverishly about the basic nature of their medium.
    Ex: Anne Bogart's novel combines avowed misogyny with postfeminist frolic.
    Ex: Such an appraoch is unlikely to improve the social sciences unless valid informaton can first be distinguished from out-and-out incorrect information.
    Ex: She is a certified TV-addict -- you simply cannot talk to her when she's glued to the box.
    Ex: Only Bush could take a horrible situation and create an unmitigated disaster.
    Ex: This time it's a hairline fracture rather than a fully blown break of a metatarsal, however the result is the same.
    Ex: It is also important that we all give them our unreserved support.
    * de movimiento total = full-motion.
    * en total = all told, altogether, in all, overall, in total, in toto.
    * fracaso total = complete failure.
    * integración total = seamlessness.
    * la suma total de = the total sum of, the sum total of.
    * limpieza total = clean sweep.
    * Número + en total = Número + in number.
    * oscuridad total = pitch blackness, pitch darkness.
    * rechazo total = bold statement against.
    * síndrome de alergia total = total allergy syndrome.
    * siniestro total = write-off [writeoff].
    * suma total = sum total, count.
    * total atención = undivided attention.

    * * *
    1 (absoluto) ‹desastre/destrucción› total; ‹éxito› resounding ( before n), total
    la película fue un fracaso total the film was a total o an utter failure
    un cambio total a complete change
    2 (global) ‹coste/importe› total
    total
    ¿cuánto es el total? what's the total?, what does it all come to?, how much is it altogether?
    el total de las pérdidas/ganancias the total losses/profits
    el total asciende a $40.000 the total amounts to o comes to o is $40,000
    afecta a un total de 600 personas it affects a total of 600 people
    en total altogether
    son 5 euros en total that's 5 euros altogether
    ( indep) ( fam)
    total, que me di por vencida so in the end I gave up
    2
    (expresando indiferencia, poca importancia): ¿por qué no te quedas? total, mañana no tienes que trabajar why not stay? I mean o after all, you don't have to go to work tomorrow
    * * *

     

    total adjetivo
    a) ( absoluto) ‹desastre/destrucción› total;

    ‹ éxito› resounding ( before n), total;
    ‹ cambio› complete
    b) ( global) ‹costo/importe› total

    ■ sustantivo masculino
    total;

    ■ adverbio ( indep) (fam) ( al resumir una narración) so, in the end;
    total, que me di por vencida so in the end I gave up
    total
    I adjetivo total
    un desastre total, a complete o total disaster
    eclipse total, total eclipse
    II sustantivo masculino
    1 total
    el total de la población, the whole population
    el total de los trabajadores, all the workers
    en total costó unas dos mil pesetas, altogether it cost over two thousand pesetas
    2 Mat total
    III adv (en resumen) so: total, que al final María vino con nosotros, so, in the end Maria came with us
    fam (con indiferencia) anyway: total, a mí no me gustaba, I didn't like it anyway

    ' total' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    absoluta
    - absoluto
    - aforo
    - completa
    - completo
    - desconocimiento
    - esclarecimiento
    - importe
    - montante
    - monto
    - parque
    - radical
    - suma
    - sumar
    - toda
    - todo
    - totalizar
    - global
    - integral
    - liquidación
    - miramiento
    - monta
    - perdido
    - pleno
    - ser
    - silencio
    English:
    absolute
    - all
    - altogether
    - bedlam
    - capacity
    - come to
    - complete
    - dead
    - dedication
    - dismal
    - disregard
    - full
    - grand total
    - ignorance
    - in
    - overall
    - perfect
    - rank
    - raving
    - reversal
    - sell-out
    - serve out
    - sheer
    - subtotal
    - sum
    - tell
    - total
    - unqualified
    - utter
    - write off
    - write-off
    - account
    - add
    - come
    - count
    - disarray
    - downright
    - flat
    - grand
    - grid
    - gross
    - implicit
    - matter
    - number
    - out
    - recall
    - run
    - swell
    - virtual
    - write
    * * *
    ♦ adj
    1. [cifra, coste, gasto] total;
    el importe total de las inversiones the total amount of the investments
    2. [confianza, rechazo, ruptura] total, complete;
    actúa con total libertad she acts completely freely, she has complete freedom of action;
    su influencia en ellos es total he has overwhelming influence over them
    3. Fam [fantástico] fab, Br brill
    ♦ nm
    1. [suma] total;
    el total de visitantes del museo alcanzó los tres millones the total number of visitors to the museum reached three million;
    me da un total de 580 I make it 580
    Cont total actualizado running total;
    total de ventas total sales
    2. [totalidad, conjunto] whole;
    el total del grupo the whole group;
    en total in total, in all;
    nos costó 200 dólares en total it cost us 200 dollars in total o all;
    en total fuimos más de treinta personas in total there were more than thirty of us
    ♦ adv
    1. [en resumen] basically, in a word;
    total, que me marché so anyway, I left;
    total, que te has quedado sin trabajo, ¿no? basically, you're out of a job, then?
    2. [en realidad] anyway;
    total, ¿qué más da? what difference does it make anyway?;
    llévatelo, total ¿para qué lo quiero yo? take it, what good is it to me, after all?
    * * *
    I adj total, complete;
    en total altogether, in total
    II m total;
    un total de 50 personas a total of 50 people
    III adv
    :
    total, que no conseguí estudiar the upshot was that I didn’t manage to get any studying done
    * * *
    total adv
    : in the end, so
    total, que no fui: in short, I didn't go
    total adj & nm
    : total
    ♦ totalmente adv
    * * *
    total1 adj total / complete
    total2 adv so
    total, que no piensas venir so, you're not coming then
    total3 n total
    eso hace un total de 2.000 pesetas that makes a total of 2,000 pesetas

    Spanish-English dictionary > total

  • 15 gordo

    adj.
    fat, plump, chubby, big.
    m.
    1 fat man, fat guy, fat person, fatso.
    2 jackpot.
    3 fat.
    * * *
    1 (carnoso) fat
    2 (grueso) thick
    3 (grave) serious
    ■ ¡qué mentira tan gorda! what a big lie!
    ► nombre masculino,nombre femenino
    1 fat person (familiarmente) fatty
    2 el gordo the first prize in the lottery
    \
    armarse la gorda familiar to be hell to pay
    caer gordo,-a familiar not to stand somebody
    hacer la vista gorda familiar to turn a blind eye
    ni gorda familiar not a thing, nothing
    ————————
    2 el gordo the first prize in the lottery
    * * *
    (f. - gorda)
    adj.
    1) fat
    3) greasy, oily
    * * *
    gordo, -a
    1. ADJ
    1) [persona] (=obeso) fat; (=corpulento) stout, plump
    2) * [cosa, hecho] big

    fue el desastre más gordo de su historia — it was the biggest o worst disaster in their history

    y lo más gordo fue que... — and then to cap it all... *

    3) [comida, sustancia] greasy, oily
    4) [agua] hard
    5) [lienzo, hilo] coarse
    6) Chile * (=querido) darling *
    gota 1., 1), perra 2), dedo 1), pez I, 1.
    2.
    SM / F fat man/woman

    ¡gordo! — fatty! *, fatso! *

    3. SM
    1) (Culin) fat, suet
    2) (=premio) jackpot, big prize

    ganar el gordo — to hit the jackpot, win the big prize

    gorda EL GORDO El Gordo, "the fat one", refers to a large lottery jackpot, particularly the one offered in the Spanish Lotería Nacional at Christmas. The Sorteo Extraordinario de Navidad takes place on December 22 and the jackpot is worth several million pounds to the holder or holders of the winning number. Because of the cost of buying an entire number, people generally buy décimos (tenth-part shares), which means the total winnings are usually shared out between a number of people.
    See:
    * * *
    I
    - da adjetivo
    1) <persona/piernas> fat

    me/le/nos cae gordo — (fam) I/she/we can't stand him (colloq)

    2) ( grueso) < libro> thick; <lana/calcetines> thick; < suéter> thick, chunky
    3) <carne/tocino> fatty
    4) (fam) (importante, serio) big

    algo gordo debe haber ocurrido — something big o serious must have happened

    armarse la gorda — (fam)

    y entonces se armó la gordo — and then the feathers began to fly

    II
    - da masculino, femenino
    1)
    a) ( persona) (m) fat man; (f) fat woman

    ese gordo simpático — that nice, rather fat man o guy

    es un gordito precioso — he's a cute, chubby little thing

    b) (fam) ( como apelativo ofensivo) fatso (colloq), fatty (colloq)
    c) (AmL) (fam) ( como apelativo cariñoso) dear, love
    2) gordo masculino (Jueg) ( premio mayor) jackpot, first prize ( in the state lottery)
    •• Cultural note:
    In Spain, the name given to the big prizes in the Lotería Nacional and Lotería Primitiva, in particular the prize for the Christmas draw of the Lotería Nacional. In Latin America it also means a big lottery prize
    * * *
    I
    - da adjetivo
    1) <persona/piernas> fat

    me/le/nos cae gordo — (fam) I/she/we can't stand him (colloq)

    2) ( grueso) < libro> thick; <lana/calcetines> thick; < suéter> thick, chunky
    3) <carne/tocino> fatty
    4) (fam) (importante, serio) big

    algo gordo debe haber ocurrido — something big o serious must have happened

    armarse la gorda — (fam)

    y entonces se armó la gordo — and then the feathers began to fly

    II
    - da masculino, femenino
    1)
    a) ( persona) (m) fat man; (f) fat woman

    ese gordo simpático — that nice, rather fat man o guy

    es un gordito precioso — he's a cute, chubby little thing

    b) (fam) ( como apelativo ofensivo) fatso (colloq), fatty (colloq)
    c) (AmL) (fam) ( como apelativo cariñoso) dear, love
    2) gordo masculino (Jueg) ( premio mayor) jackpot, first prize ( in the state lottery)
    •• Cultural note:
    In Spain, the name given to the big prizes in the Lotería Nacional and Lotería Primitiva, in particular the prize for the Christmas draw of the Lotería Nacional. In Latin America it also means a big lottery prize
    * * *
    gordo1
    1 = fattie, fat lump, fat lump of lard, fatso.

    Ex: That makes him sound bad, but he isn't -- He's a man who married a 22-year-old hottie only to wind up with a 35-year-old fattie.

    Ex: I saw her on the telly the other day and she still looked like a fat lump to me.
    Ex: This brand new book is going to turn you from a useless fat lump of lard into a tender caring, satisfying, lover for the woman you love.
    Ex: We are becoming a nation of wimps, fatsos and crybabies because we have created a hypersensitive social and legal environment.

    gordo2
    2 = fat [fatter -comp., fattest -sup.].

    Ex: The article is entitled 'America the slim: or, where are the fat children in picture books'.

    * dedo gordo del pie, el = big toe, the.
    * demasiado gordo = overweight.
    * hacer la vista gorda = look + the other way, turn + a blind eye to, pretend + not to have seen.
    * hacer sudar la gota gorda = push + Nombre + to the edge.
    * mentira gorda = big fat lie.
    * pez gordo = power player, big wheel, big shot, big noise, big wig, fat cat.
    * premio gordo = jackpot.
    * sal gorda = kitchen salt, cooking salt, coarse salt.
    * sudar la gota gorda = sweat + buckets, sweat + blood, work + Posesivo + butt off, slog + Posesivo + guts out, sweat + bullets.
    * sueldo de pez gordo = fat-cat salary.

    * * *
    gordo1 -da
    A ‹persona/piernas/cara› fat
    siempre ha sido muy gordo he's always been very overweight o very fat
    estás más gordo you've put on weight o you've got fatter
    es más bien gordita she's quite plump
    me/le/nos cae gordo ( fam); I/she/we can't stand him ( colloq)
    B (grueso) ‹libro/rama/filete› thick; ‹lana/calcetines› thick; ‹suéter› thick, chunky
    C ‹carne/tocino› fatty
    D ( fam) (importante, serio) big
    algo gordo debe haber ocurrido something big o serious must have happened
    fue una metedura de pata de las gordas it was a terrible o a huge blunder ( colloq)
    armar la gorda ( fam); to cause o make a scene ( colloq), to kick up a fuss ( colloq)
    armarse la gorda ( fam): cuando se entere se va a armar la gorda when he finds out there'll be hell to pay o there's going to be one hell of a fuss ( colloq)
    llegó ella y se armó la gordo it was absolute chaos o mayhem when she arrived
    gordo2 -da El Gordo (↑ gordo a1)
    masculine, feminine
    A
    1 (persona) ( masculine) fat man; ( feminine) fat woman
    ese gordo simpático del número 28 that nice, rather fat man o guy who lives at number 28
    es un gordito precioso he's a cute, chubby little thing
    2 ( fam)
    (como apelativo cariñoso): gorda ¿te tomas un café? do you want a coffee, dear ( o love etc)?
    3 (como apelativo ofensivo) ( fam); fatso ( colloq), fatty ( colloq)
    B
    carne con gordo fatty meat
    C
    le tocó el gordo he won the first prize o the jackpot (in the lottery)
    * * *

     

    gordo 1
    ◊ -da adjetivo

    1 ‹persona/piernas› fat;
    ◊ siempre ha sido gordo he's always been overweight o fat;

    estás gordo you've put on weight;
    es más bien gordita she's quite plump
    2 ( grueso) ‹libro/lana/suéter› thick
    3 ‹carne/tocino› fatty
    ■ sustantivo masculino, femenino
    a) ( persona) (m) fat man;

    (f) fat woman
    b) (fam) ( como apelativo ofensivo) fatso (colloq), fatty (colloq)

    gordo 2 sustantivo masculino (Jueg) ( premio mayor) jackpot ( in the state lottery)
    gordo,-a
    I adjetivo
    1 (persona) fat
    2 (cable, jersey, etc) thick
    3 (importante, serio) big: estoy en un lío muy gordo, I'm in big trouble
    II sustantivo masculino y femenino fat person
    familiar fatty
    III sustantivo masculino el gordo, (de una lotería) the jackpot
    ♦ Locuciones: caer gordo: le cae gordo, she can't bear o stand him
    ' gordo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    gorda
    - pez
    - dedo
    - estar
    - para
    - premio
    English:
    bigshot
    - bigwig
    - coarse
    - fat
    - fish
    - fleshy
    - jackpot
    - overweight
    - plump
    - rub up
    - slight
    - toe
    - toenail
    - big
    - block
    - keep
    - onto
    - over
    - thick
    * * *
    gordo, -a
    ♦ adj
    1. [persona] fat;
    está más gordo que antes he's put on weight;
    el Gordo y el Flaco Laurel and Hardy;
    Fam
    me cae gordo I can't stand him
    2. [grueso] thick;
    Esp
    sal gorda cooking salt
    3. [grande] big;
    dedo gordo [de la mano] thumb;
    [del pie] big toe;
    cayó una tormenta gorda there was a big o terrible storm
    4. Fam [problema, asunto] major;
    cometió un error muy gordo he made a major mistake;
    tuve una discusión muy gorda con él I had one hell of an argument with him
    5. Fam
    armar la gorda to kick up a row o stink;
    cuando llegó la policía se armó la gorda when the police arrived all hell broke loose;
    ni gorda: no vi/no entendí ni gorda [nada] I couldn't see/I didn't understand a thing
    ♦ nm,f
    1. [persona obesa] fat man, f fat woman;
    los gordos fat people
    2. Am Fam [como apelativo]
    ¿cómo estás, gordo? how's it going, big man?
    ♦ nm
    1. [en lotería] first prize, jackpot;
    le tocó el gordo [en lotería] he won first prize, he won the jackpot;
    le tocó el gordo con ese trabajo [tuvo buena suerte] he hit the jackpot with that job;
    con esa hermana que tiene le ha tocado el gordo [tuvo mala suerte] you've got to feel sorry for him having a sister like that
    2. [grasa] fat
    * * *
    I adj
    1 fat
    2
    :
    me cae gordo fam I can’t stand him;
    se va a armar la gorda fam all hell will break loose fam ;
    ¡ésta sí que es gorda! fam this is a disaster!;
    no veo ni gorda fam I can’t see a damn thing fam
    II m, gorda f fat person
    III m premio jackpot;
    tocado el gordo I’ve won the jackpot; fig I’ve hit the jackpot
    * * *
    gordo, -da adj
    1) : fat
    2) : thick
    3) : fatty, greasy, oily
    4) : unpleasant
    me cae gorda tu tía: I can't stand your aunt
    gordo, -da n
    : fat person
    gordo nm
    1) grasa: fat
    2) : jackpot
    * * *
    gordo1 adj
    1. (obeso) fat [comp. fatter; superl. fattest]
    2. (grueso) thick
    3. (grave) serious / big [comp. bigger; superl. biggest]
    Si alquien te cae gordo dices I can't stand...
    gordo2 n
    1. (persona) fat man [pl. men] / fat woman [pl. women]

    Spanish-English dictionary > gordo

  • 16 sin reservas

    adj.
    1 without reserves, whole-hearted.
    2 absolute.
    adv.
    without reserves, with no reservation, wholeheartedly.
    * * *
    = unshielded, wholehearted [whole-hearted], go + the whole hog, the full monty, without reservation, wholeheartedly [whole-heartedly], forthright, categorical, uncompromising, uncompromisingly, unqualified, categoric, unmitigaged, unreserved, unreservedly
    Ex. A feeling of unshielded relief filled Pope's whole being.
    Ex. The project never achieved wholehearted international support and encouragement.
    Ex. The article 'Patent information: going the whole hog' presents an overview of Derwent's products in the patent information field.
    Ex. The article ' The digital full monty?' forecasts that the world of information is likely to be dominated by global giants on the one hand and selective niche providers on the other.
    Ex. Unfortunately, few of these are verified and convincing enough for us to accept them without reservation.
    Ex. I agree whole-heartedly that the subject approach is used chiefly by the beginner, whether it is a historical researcher or a high school student who is looking for term paper material.
    Ex. We have been told once, in clear and forthright terms, what it is that we need.
    Ex. There is a categorical moral imperative for a deepening and a renewal of the concept of collegiality -- that is a blend of intense competition and mutual support -- in relations between research scholars and research librarians.
    Ex. What precipitated that furor was that Panizzi's volume represented a uncompromising rejection of the comfortable ideology of the finding catalog.
    Ex. For the first time the stress was uncompromisingly vertical, while the italic was intended to be a mechanically sloped roman, quite unconnected with calligraphy.
    Ex. Wing has not had the almost unqualified praise from the reviewers that Pollard and Redgrave received.
    Ex. The question of the need for categoric assurances is not locked into a 12 month timeframe or any other timeframe.
    Ex. Only Bush could take a horrible situation and create an unmitigated disaster.
    Ex. It is also important that we all give them our unreserved support.
    Ex. Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak said Thursday he had unreservedly discussed all issues with visiting U.S. President Barack Obama.
    * * *
    = unshielded, wholehearted [whole-hearted], go + the whole hog, the full monty, without reservation, wholeheartedly [whole-heartedly], forthright, categorical, uncompromising, uncompromisingly, unqualified, categoric, unmitigaged, unreserved, unreservedly

    Ex: A feeling of unshielded relief filled Pope's whole being.

    Ex: The project never achieved wholehearted international support and encouragement.
    Ex: The article 'Patent information: going the whole hog' presents an overview of Derwent's products in the patent information field.
    Ex: The article ' The digital full monty?' forecasts that the world of information is likely to be dominated by global giants on the one hand and selective niche providers on the other.
    Ex: Unfortunately, few of these are verified and convincing enough for us to accept them without reservation.
    Ex: I agree whole-heartedly that the subject approach is used chiefly by the beginner, whether it is a historical researcher or a high school student who is looking for term paper material.
    Ex: We have been told once, in clear and forthright terms, what it is that we need.
    Ex: There is a categorical moral imperative for a deepening and a renewal of the concept of collegiality -- that is a blend of intense competition and mutual support -- in relations between research scholars and research librarians.
    Ex: What precipitated that furor was that Panizzi's volume represented a uncompromising rejection of the comfortable ideology of the finding catalog.
    Ex: For the first time the stress was uncompromisingly vertical, while the italic was intended to be a mechanically sloped roman, quite unconnected with calligraphy.
    Ex: Wing has not had the almost unqualified praise from the reviewers that Pollard and Redgrave received.
    Ex: The question of the need for categoric assurances is not locked into a 12 month timeframe or any other timeframe.
    Ex: Only Bush could take a horrible situation and create an unmitigated disaster.
    Ex: It is also important that we all give them our unreserved support.
    Ex: Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak said Thursday he had unreservedly discussed all issues with visiting U.S. President Barack Obama.

    Spanish-English dictionary > sin reservas

  • 17 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

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    I Adj.
    1. räumlich: full; (voll besetzt) full (up); (gefüllt) full (up), filled; Straßen: full of traffic; ein Koffer / eine Kiste etc. voll Bücher a caseful / boxful etc. of books; das volle Korn auf den Feldern the ripe corn (Am. grain) in the fields
    2. umg. (betrunken) plastered, tight Sl.; umg. (satt) full; voll wie d’ Sau Dial. pissed as a newt, Am. drunk as a skunk
    3. (füllig, prall) full (auch Figur); sie ist voller geworden she has filled out a bit
    4. (rund, glatt) full, whole; voller Betrag full ( oder whole) amount ( oder sum); eine volle Stunde a full ( oder whole, solid) hour; zu jeder vollen Stunde every hour on the hour; zu jeder vollen Stunde schlagen Uhr: strike the full hour; es schlägt gleich voll umg. it’s just about to strike the hour; der Bus fährt immer fünf vor voll umg. the bus always leaves at five to (the hour); sechs volle Tage six whole days; ein volles Dutzend a full ( oder whole) dozen
    5. (bedeckt) covered; voll(er), voll von full of; Negativem: rife with; voller Flecke(n) / Staub etc. covered with marks / dust etc.; alles war voll(er) Blut everything was covered with blood
    6. (vollständig) full, complete; volle Beschäftigung full ( ganztägige: full-time) employment; bei voller Besinnung fully conscious; er hat es bei voller Besinnung gesagt he was fully aware of what he was saying
    7. fig., in Wendungen: aus voller Brust oder vollem Halse at the top of one’s voice; volle Einzelheiten full details; ein voller Erfolg a complete success; die volle Wahrheit the whole truth; weitS. the full story; aus dem Vollen schöpfen draw on plentiful resources; in die Vollen gehen umg. go the whole hog; jemanden nicht für voll nehmen not take s.o. seriously; Fahrt, Hand1 2 Hand2, Mund, Pulle, Recht 1, Strandhaubitze etc.
    II Adv.
    1. (vollständig) fully; voll gesperrt Straße etc.: completely closed off; wieder voll befahrbar completely reopened to traffic
    2. oft umg., verstärkend: voll zuschlagen etc. really go for it etc.; voll bremsen stand on the brakes, brake hard; voll und ganz fully, completely; unterstützen: wholeheartedly; etw. voll ausnützen use to (one’s) full advantage; eine Kurve ( nicht) voll durchfahren SPORT (not) take a curve at top speed; jemanden voll erwischen (treffen) hit s.o.; fig., mit Frage etc.: really catch s.o. out; ihn hat es voll erwischt Grippe etc.: he’s got it bad; (er hat sich verliebt) he’s got it bad; voll dabei sein be completely involved; voll mit drinstecken be completely up to one’s ears in it too; ich war nicht voll da I wasn’t quite with it; voll nett / witzig etc. really nice / funny etc.; voll die Krise kriegen get really worked up; das bringt’s voll! it’s brilliant!; das ist voll die Härte that’s really asking a bit much; hier ist voll die geile Party Sl. this really is a shit-hot (Am. totally cool) party; der Song etc. ist voll krass the song etc. is really wicked (bes. Am. totally cool); siehe auch völlig, vollkommen
    3. mit Verben: sich voll dröhnen umg. get totally high; sich voll essen eat one’s fill; sich voll fressen umg. stuff o.s.; ich habe mich so voll gefressen I think I’m going to burst; voll füllen fill s.th. up; voll gießen fill (up); sich (Dat) das Hemd etc. (mit etw.) voll gießen umg. spill s.th. all over one’s shirt etc.; jemandem die Hucke voll hauen umg. bash s.o.’s head in; voll kotzen Sl. (Zimmer) spew all over; voll kriegen manage to fill s.th. (up); er kriegt den Hals nicht voll he (just) can’t get enough; voll kritzeln umg. scribble all over s.th.; jemanden voll labern umg. bend s.o.’s ear; voll laden (Auto, Kofferraum etc.) load up (to the top); voll laufen fill up; etw. voll laufen lassen fill s.th. up; sich voll laufen lassen umg. get tanked up; voll machen (füllen) fill (up); (beschmutzen) ( auch sich [Dat] etw. voll machen) dirty, mess up; (Tisch, Boden etc.) auch make a mess on; sich voll machen oder die Hosen voll machen fill one’s pants; sich (Dat) die Finger mit Marmelade voll machen get jam all over one’s fingers; voll malen cover with paint; voll packen pack s.th. full ( mit of); voll pfropfen cram s.th. full; voll pumpen (Reifen etc.) pump s.th. up (completely), pump s.th. full; sich (Dat) die Lungen voll pumpen fill one’s lungs (with fresh air); sich mit etw. voll pumpen mit Medikamenten: load o.s. up with s.th.; sich voll pumpen umg. (sich betrinken) tank up, get tight Sl.; mit Drogen: get completely high ( oder doped up); voll qualmen umg. (Zimmer etc.) smoke up; sich voll saufen umg. get tight Sl.; sich voll saugen Insekt etc.: suck itself full ( mit of); Schwamm: soak itself full (of); Stoff etc.: become saturated (with); voll schenken fill (up); sich (Dat) ( den Bauch) voll schlagen umg. make a (real) pig of o.s.; das Boot schlug voll the boat became swamped; voll schmieren umg. smear all over s.th.; (Kleid) mess up; etw. mit etw. voll schmieren smear s.th. all over s.th.; sich voll schmieren get o.s. dirty, get food etc. all over o.s.; voll schreiben fill (with writing); drei Seiten voll schreiben write three full pages; voll schütten fill (up); voll spritzen spatter; mit Wasser: spray, get s.o. oder s.th. all wet; etw. mit etw. voll spritzen spatter s.th. all over s.th.; sich voll spritzen spatter o.s.; (sich nass machen) get o.s. wet; voll stellen cram ( mit with); ein Zimmer etc. voll stellen auch put things all over a room etc.; das Schlafzimmer mit alten Möbeln etc. voll stellen auch stuff the bedroom with old furniture etc. umg.; voll stopfen stuff, cram; sich (Dat) ( den Bauch) voll stopfen umg. stuff o.s.; voll tanken fill up; umg., fig. (sich betrinken) get tanked up; bitte voll tanken MOT. fill her up, please
    4. mit Part. Perf.: voll beladen fully laden; voll bepackt loaded down with luggage, (absolutely) loaded umg.; voll besetzt (completely) full; Hotel: auch fully-booked; voll entwickelt fully developed; Persönlichkeit etc.: auch full-blown; total voll gedröhnt sein Sl. be drugged up to one’s eyeballs; voll geladen loaded (to the top); Auto etc.: loaded down; voll gepackt oder gepfropft oder gestopft crammed (full), packed, jam-packed umg., chock-a-block umg.
    * * *
    full; total
    * * *
    vọll [fɔl]
    1. adj
    1) (= gefüllt) full

    voller... — full of...

    aus dem Vollen leben — to live a life of luxury, to live in the lap of luxury

    2) (= ganz) full; Satz, Service, Erfolg complete; Woche, Jahr full, whole; Wahrheit whole

    volle drei Jahre/Tage — three whole years/days, fully three years/days

    die volle Summe bezahlen — to pay the full sum, to pay the sum in full

    in voller Fahrt/vollem Galopp/vollem Lauf — at full speed/gallop/speed

    mit dem vollen Namen unterschreiben — to sign one's full name, to sign one's name in full

    3)
    4) (= üppig) Gesicht, Busen etc full; Wangen chubby; Haar thick
    5) Stimme, Ton full, rich; Farbton rich
    2. adv
    fully; (= vollkommen auch) completely; (sl = total) dead (Brit inf real (US inf)

    voll und ganz — completely, wholly

    voll hinter jdm/etw stehen — to be or stand fully behind sb/sth

    den Mund recht or ganz schön voll nehmen (fig) — to exaggerate greatly, to overdo it

    jdn/etw voll treffen (mit Stein, Bombe etc) — to score a direct hit on sb/sth; (ins Gesicht) to hit sb full in the face

    voll zuschlagen (inf) — to lam out (Brit inf), to hit out

    voll drinstecken (inf) (bei Arbeit) — to be in the middle of it; (in unangenehmer Situation) to be right in it

    See:
    * * *
    1) (holding or containing as much as possible: My basket is full.) full
    2) (quite; at least: It will take fully three days.) fully
    * * *
    [fɔl]
    I. adj
    1. (gefüllt, bedeckt) full
    mit \vollem Munde spricht man nicht! don't speak with your mouth full!
    achte darauf, dass die Gläser nicht zu \voll werden mind that the glasses don't get too full
    ein \volles Arschloch (derb) a fat arsehole [or AM asshole]
    \voll [mit etw dat] sein to be full [of sth]
    das Glas ist \voll Wasser the glass is full of water
    das Haus ist \voll von [o mit] unnützen Dingen the house is full of useless things
    die Regale sind ganz \voll Staub the shelves are covered in [or full of] dust
    eine Kiste \voll Bücher a boxful of books
    eine Hand \voll Reis a handful of rice
    beide Hände \voll haben to have both hands full
    \voll sein (fam: satt) to be full up fam; s.a. gerammelt, gerüttelt
    2. (ganz, vollständig) full, whole
    ich musste ein \volles Jahr warten I had to wait a whole year
    es ist ja kein \voller Monat mehr bis Weihnachten there is less than a month till Christmas
    nun warte ich schon \volle 20 Minuten I've been waiting a full twenty minutes
    der Intercity nach München fährt jede \volle Stunde the intercity to Munich runs every hour on the hour
    den Verteidigern lagen drei Divisionen in \voller Ausrüstung gegenüber the defenders faced three fully equipped divisions
    das \volle Ausmaß der Katastrophe the full extent of the disaster
    bei \voller Besinnung sein to be fully conscious
    \voller Börsenschluss BÖRSE full [or even] lot
    aus \voller Brust singen to sing at the top of one's voice
    ein \voller Erfolg a total success
    in \voller Gala in full evening dress
    in \vollem Galopp/Lauf at full gallop/speed
    in \voller Größe full-size
    mit \vollem Namen unterschreiben to sign one's full name [or name in full]
    den \vollen Preis bezahlen to pay the full price
    etw mit \vollem Recht tun to be perfectly right to do sth
    \voller Satz HANDEL full set
    \volle Summe whole sum
    die \volle Wahrheit the absolute truth
    etw in \vollen Zügen genießen to enjoy sth to the full
    3. (prall, rundlich)
    du hast zugenommen, du bist deutlich \voller geworden you've put on weight, you've distinctly filled out
    ein \volles Gesicht a full face
    ein \voller Busen an ample bosom
    ein \voller Hintern/ \volle Hüften a well-rounded bottom/well-rounded hips
    \volle Wangen chubby cheeks
    4. (kräftig) Geschmack, Klang full; Stimme, Farbton rich
    der \volle Geschmack the real flavour
    5. (dicht) thick
    \volles Haar thick hair
    ein \voller Bart a thick beard
    6. (sl: betrunken)
    ▪ \voll sein to be plastered fam, to be well tanked up sl
    du warst ja gestern Abend ganz schön \voll! you were pretty drunk yesterday evening!
    7.
    ▶ in die V\vollen gehen to go to any lengths
    ▶ aus dem V\vollen leben [o wirtschaften] to live in the lap of luxury
    ▶ jdn nicht für \voll nehmen not to take sb seriously
    ▶ aus dem V\vollen schöpfen to draw on plentiful resources; s.a. Lob
    II. adv
    1. (vollkommen) completely
    durch die Operation wurde ihr Sehvermögen wieder \voll hergestellt as a result of the operation her sight was completely restored
    \voll bezahlen müssen to have to pay in full
    \voll in der Arbeit stecken (fam) to be in the middle of a job
    \voll in Problemen stecken (fam) to be right in it fam
    die Mehrheit der Delegierten stand \voll hinter dieser Entscheidung the majority of the delegates were fully behind this decision
    ich kann den Antrag nicht \voll unterstützen I cannot fully support the application
    etw \voll ausnutzen to take full advantage of sth
    \voll und ganz totally
    nicht \voll da sein (fam) to not be quite with it sl
    3. (sl: total) really
    die Band finde ich \voll gut I think the band is brilliant
    die haben wir \voll angelabert we really chatted her up fam
    4. (fam: mit aller Wucht) right, smack fam
    der Wagen war \voll gegen den Pfeiler geprallt the car ran smack into the pillar
    er ist \voll mit dem Hinterkopf auf der Bordsteinkante aufgeschlagen the back of his head slammed onto the edge of the curb
    seine Faust traf \voll das Kinn seines Gegners he hit his opponent full on the chin with his fist
    * * *
    1.
    1) full

    voll von od. mit etwas sein — be full of something

    jemanden/etwas voll spritzen — splash water etc. all over somebody/something; (mit Schlauch usw.) spray water etc. all over somebody/something

    etwas voll gießen — fill something [up]

    etwas voll stopfen — (ugs.) stuff or cram something full

    bitte voll tanken — fill it up, please

    sich voll saugen — < leech> suck itself full; < sponge> become saturated ( mit with)

    etwas voll machen — (ugs.): (füllen) fill something up; (ugs.): (beschmutzen) get or make something dirty

    sich (Dat.) die Hosen/Windeln vollmachen — mess one's pants/nappy

    um das Maß voll zu machen — (fig.) to crown or cap it all

    etwas voll schmieren — (ugs.): (beschmutzen) smear something; (ugs. abwertend): (beschreiben, bemalen) scrawl/draw all over something

    etwas voll schreiben — fill something [with writing]

    aus dem vollen schöpfen — draw on abundant or plentiful resources

    volle Pulle od. voll[es] Rohr — (salopp) < drive> flat out; s. auch Mund

    2) (salopp): (betrunken) plastered (sl.); canned (Brit. sl.)
    3) (üppig) full <figure, face, lip>; thick < hair>; ample < bosom>
    4) (ganz, vollständig) full; complete <seriousness, success>

    die voll Wahrheit — the full or whole truth

    etwas voll machen — (komplettieren) complete something

    s. auch Hals b —

    5) (kräftig) full, rich <taste, aroma>; rich < voice>
    2.
    adverbial fully

    voll verantwortlich für etwas sein — be wholly responsible or bear full responsibility for something

    * * *
    A. adj
    1. räumlich: full; (voll besetzt) full (up); (gefüllt) full (up), filled; Straßen: full of traffic;
    ein Koffer/eine Kiste etc
    voll Bücher a caseful/boxful etc of books;
    das volle Korn auf den Feldern the ripe corn (US grain) in the fields
    2. umg (betrunken) plastered, tight sl; umg (satt) full;
    voll wie d’ Sau dial pissed as a newt, US drunk as a skunk
    3. (füllig, prall) full (auch Figur);
    sie ist voller geworden she has filled out a bit
    4. (rund, glatt) full, whole;
    voller Betrag full ( oder whole) amount ( oder sum);
    eine volle Stunde a full ( oder whole, solid) hour;
    zu jeder vollen Stunde every hour on the hour;
    zu jeder vollen Stunde schlagen Uhr: strike the full hour;
    es schlägt gleich voll umg it’s just about to strike the hour;
    der Bus fährt immer fünf vor voll umg the bus always leaves at five to (the hour);
    sechs volle Tage six whole days;
    ein volles Dutzend a full ( oder whole) dozen
    5. (bedeckt) covered;
    voll(er), voll von full of; Negativem: rife with;
    voller Flecke(n)/Staub etc covered with marks/dust etc;
    alles war voll(er) Blut everything was covered with blood
    6. (vollständig) full, complete;
    volle Beschäftigung full ( ganztägige: full-time) employment;
    bei voller Besinnung fully conscious;
    er hat es bei voller Besinnung gesagt he was fully aware of what he was saying
    7. fig, in Wendungen:
    vollem Halse at the top of one’s voice;
    volle Einzelheiten full details;
    ein voller Erfolg a complete success;
    die volle Wahrheit the whole truth; weitS. the full story;
    aus dem Vollen schöpfen draw on plentiful resources;
    in die Vollen gehen umg go the whole hog;
    jemanden nicht für voll nehmen not take sb seriously; → Fahrt, Hand1 2, Hand2, Mund, Pulle, Recht 1, Strandhaubitze etc
    B. adv
    1. (vollständig) fully;
    voll gesperrt Straße etc: completely closed off;
    wieder voll befahrbar completely reopened to traffic
    2. oft umg, verstärkend:
    voll zuschlagen etc really go for it etc;
    voll bremsen stand on the brakes, brake hard;
    voll und ganz fully, completely; unterstützen: wholeheartedly;
    voll ausnützen use to (one’s) full advantage;
    eine Kurve (nicht) voll durchfahren SPORT (not) take a curve at top speed;
    jemanden voll erwischen (treffen) hit sb; fig, mit Frage etc: really catch sb out;
    ihn hat es voll erwischt Grippe etc: he’s got it bad; (er hat sich verliebt) he’s got it bad;
    voll dabei sein be completely involved;
    voll mit drinstecken be completely up to one’s ears in it too;
    ich war nicht voll da I wasn’t quite with it;
    voll nett/witzig etc really nice/funny etc;
    voll die Krise kriegen get really worked up;
    das bringt’s voll! it’s brilliant!;
    das ist voll die Härte that’s really asking a bit much;
    hier ist voll die geile Party sl this really is a shit-hot (US totally cool) party;
    der Song etc
    ist voll krass the song etc is really wicked (besonders US totally cool); → auch völlig, vollkommen
    3. mit pperf:
    voll automatisiert fully automated;
    voll beladen fully laden;
    voll bepackt loaded down with luggage, (absolutely) loaded umg;
    voll besetzt (completely) full; Hotel: auch fully-booked;
    voll entwickelt fully developed; Persönlichkeit etc: auch full-blown;
    voll klimatisiert fully air-conditioned;
    voll mechanisiert fully mechanized;
    voll synchronisiert fully synchronized;
    voll transistorisiert fully transistorized;
    * * *
    1.
    1) full

    voll von od. mit etwas sein — be full of something

    jemanden/etwas voll spritzen — splash water etc. all over somebody/something; (mit Schlauch usw.) spray water etc. all over somebody/something

    etwas voll gießen — fill something [up]

    etwas voll stopfen — (ugs.) stuff or cram something full

    bitte voll tanken — fill it up, please

    sich voll saugen — < leech> suck itself full; < sponge> become saturated ( mit with)

    etwas voll machen — (ugs.): (füllen) fill something up; (ugs.): (beschmutzen) get or make something dirty

    sich (Dat.) die Hosen/Windeln vollmachen — mess one's pants/nappy

    um das Maß voll zu machen — (fig.) to crown or cap it all

    etwas voll schmieren — (ugs.): (beschmutzen) smear something; (ugs. abwertend): (beschreiben, bemalen) scrawl/draw all over something

    etwas voll schreiben — fill something [with writing]

    aus dem vollen schöpfen — draw on abundant or plentiful resources

    volle Pulle od. voll[es] Rohr — (salopp) < drive> flat out; s. auch Mund

    2) (salopp): (betrunken) plastered (sl.); canned (Brit. sl.)
    3) (üppig) full <figure, face, lip>; thick < hair>; ample < bosom>
    4) (ganz, vollständig) full; complete <seriousness, success>

    die voll Wahrheit — the full or whole truth

    etwas voll machen — (komplettieren) complete something

    s. auch Hals b —

    5) (kräftig) full, rich <taste, aroma>; rich < voice>
    2.
    adverbial fully

    voll verantwortlich für etwas sein — be wholly responsible or bear full responsibility for something

    * * *
    adj.
    brimful adj.
    crowded adj.
    fraught adj.
    full adj.
    plenteous adj.
    replete adj. adv.
    plenteously adv.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > voll

  • 19 voll

    voll [fɔl] adj
    1) (gefüllt, bedeckt) full;
    mit \vollem Munde spricht man nicht! don't speak with your mouth full!;
    achte darauf, dass die Gläser nicht zu \voll werden mind that the glasses don't get too full;
    \voll [mit etw] sein to be full [of sth];
    das Glas ist \voll Wasser the glass is full of water;
    das Haus ist \voll von [o mit] unnützen Dingen the house is full of useless things;
    die Regale sind ganz \voll Staub the shelves are covered in [or full of] dust;
    beide Hände \voll haben to have both hands full;
    eine Hand \voll Reis a handful of rice;
    jdn [mit etw] \voll pumpen to fill sb up sep [with sth];
    \voll gepumpt sein mit Drogen to be pumped up with drugs;
    etw \voll schmieren to mess up sth sep;
    \voll sein (fam: satt) to be full up ( fam)
    etw [mit etw] \voll stellen Zimmer to cram sth full [with sth];
    ein \volles Arschloch ( derb) a fat arsehole [or (Am) asshole];
    \voll gepfropft crammed full;
    \voll gestopft Koffer stuffed full; s. a. gerammelt, gerüttelt
    2) (ganz, vollständig) full, whole;
    das \volle Ausmaß der Katastrophe the full extent of the disaster;
    den \vollen Preis bezahlen to pay the full price;
    etw in \vollen Zügen genießen to enjoy sth to the full;
    die \volle Wahrheit the absolute truth;
    ein \voller Erfolg a total success;
    ich musste ein \volles Jahr warten I had to wait a whole year;
    es ist ja kein \voller Monat mehr bis Weihnachten there is less than a month till Christmas;
    nun warte ich schon \volle 20 Minuten I've been waiting a full twenty minutes;
    der Intercity nach München fährt jede \volle Stunde the intercity to Munich runs every hour on the hour;
    in \voller Gala in full evening dress;
    den Verteidigern lagen drei Divisionen in \voller Ausrüstung gegenüber the defenders faced three fully equipped divisions;
    in\vollem Lauf/ Galopp at full speed/gallop;
    in \voller Größe full-size;
    Sie können entweder auf Raten kaufen oder die \volle Summe sofort bezahlen you can either buy it on hire purchase or pay the whole sum immediately
    3) (prall, rundlich)
    ein \volles Gesicht a full face;
    ein \voller Busen an ample bosom;
    \volle Wangen chubby cheeks;
    ein \voller Hintern/\volle Hüften a well-rounded bottom/well-rounded hips;
    du hast zugenommen, du bist deutlich \voller geworden you've put on weight, you've distinctly filled out
    4) (volltönend, kräftig) full, rich;
    eine \volle Stimme a rich voice;
    der \volle Geschmack the real flavour
    5) ( dicht) thick;
    \volles Haar thick hair;
    ein \voller Bart a thick beard
    6) (sl: betrunken)
    \voll sein to be plastered ( fam), to be well tanked up (sl)
    du warst ja gestern Abend ganz schön \voll! you were pretty drunk yesterday evening!
    WENDUNGEN:
    jdn nicht für \voll nehmen not to take sb seriously;
    in die V\vollen gehen to go to any lengths;
    aus dem V\vollen leben [o wirtschaften] to live in the lap of luxury;
    aus dem V\vollen schöpfen to draw on plentiful resources; s. a. Lob
    1) ( vollkommen) completely;
    \voll bezahlen müssen to have to pay in full;
    etw [mit etw] \voll füllen to fill up sth sep [with sth];
    durch die Operation wurde das Sehvermögen wieder \voll hergestellt as a result of the operation her sight was completely restored
    2) ( uneingeschränkt) fully;
    \voll und ganz totally;
    die Mehrheit der Delegierten stand \voll hinter dieser Entscheidung the majority of the delegates were fully behind this decision;
    ich kann den Antrag nicht \voll unterstützen I cannot fully support the application;
    \voll in der Arbeit stecken ( fam) to be in the middle of a job;
    \voll in Problemen stecken ( fam) to be right in it ( fam)
    etw \voll ausnutzen to take full advantage of sth;
    nicht \voll da sein ( fam) to not be quite with it (sl) ( total) really;
    die Band finde ich \voll gut I think the band is brilliant;
    die haben wir \voll angelabert we really chatted her up
    3) (fam: mit aller Wucht) right, smack ( fam)
    der Wagen war \voll gegen den Pfeiler geprallt the car ran smack into the pillar;
    er ist \voll mit dem Hinterkopf auf der Bordsteinkante aufgeschlagen the back of his head slammed onto the edge of the curb;
    seine Faust traf \voll das Kinn seines Gegners he hit his opponent full on the chin with his fist

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch für Studenten > voll

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