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61 valet
valet [valε]1. masculine nouna. ( = domestique) servant2. compounds* * *valɛnom masculin1) ( serviteur) manservant2) Jeux jack•Phrasal Verbs:* * *valɛ nm1) (= domestique) valet2) péjoratif lackey3) CARTES jack, knave Grande-Bretagne* * *1 ( serviteur) manservant;2 Jeux jack; valet de pique jack of spades;3 ( de menuisier) clamp.valet de chambre valet; valet de comédie Théât wily manservant; valet d'écurie stableman; valet de ferme farm hand; valet de nuit valet; valet de pied footman.les bons maîtres font les bons valets Prov one leads by example.[valɛ] nom masculin1. [serviteur]valet d'écurie groom, stable boyvalet de pique jack ou knave of spades3. [cintre]4. MENUISERIE clamp -
62 valeur
valeur [valœʀ]1. feminine nouna. ( = prix) [de devise, action] value• prendre/perdre de la valeur to go up/down in value• estimer la valeur d'un terrain à 800 000 € to value a piece of land at 800,000 eurosb. (Stock exchange) ( = titre) securityc. ( = qualité) worth ; [de science, théorie] value• juger qn/qch à sa juste valeur to judge sb/sth at his/its true worth• accorder or attacher de la valeur à qch to value sthd. (Games, mathematics, music) value• la valeur affective/symbolique the emotive/symbolic value• en valeur absolue/relative, le prix des voitures a diminué in absolute/relative terms the price of cars has gone downe. (locutions)• mettre en valeur [+ bien, patrimoine, terrain] to develop ; [+ détail, caractéristique] to highlight ; [+ yeux] to set off ; [+ taille] to emphasize ; [+ objet décoratif] to show off to advantage ; [+ personne] to show to advantage• se mettre en valeur to show o.s. off to advantage• mise en valeur [de terrain, ressources] development2. plural feminine noun* * *valœʀ1) ( prix) valueprendre/perdre de la valeur — to go up/to go down in value
d'une valeur inestimable — [bijou, meuble] priceless
n'avoir aucune valeur — to have no value, to be worth nothing
mettre un terrain en valeur — to develop a plot of land, to put a plot of land to good use
2) ( qualité) ( de personne) worth; ( d'œuvre) value, merit; (de méthode, découverte) valueun homme de valeur — ( moralement) a very estimable man
attirer des candidats de valeur — ( en compétence) to attract high-quality candidates
mettre quelque chose en valeur — to emphasize, to highlight [fait, talent, qualité]; to set off [yeux, teint, tableau]
mettre quelqu'un en valeur — [couleur, maquillage] to suit somebody
se mettre en valeur — [coquette] to make the best of oneself; [candidat] to show oneself to best advantage
3) ( validité) validityavoir valeur de norme/symbole — to be the norm/a symbol
4) ( principe moral) value5) ( en Bourse) securityvaleurs — securities, stock [U], stocks and shares
le marché or la Bourse des valeurs — the stock market
6) ( en comptabilité) asset7) ( quantité)8) Mathématique valueen valeur absolue/relative — fig in absolute/relative terms
9) Jeux (de pion, carte) value10) (dated) ( courage) valour (dated) [BrE]•Phrasal Verbs:* * *valœʀ nf1) [bien] valueprendre de la valeur — to go up in value, to gain in value
Ne laissez pas d'objets de valeur dans votre chambre. — Don't leave any valuables in your room.
sans valeur — worthless, of no value
2) [devise, titre] valueLa valeur de l'action est au plus bas depuis le début de l'année. — The share value is at its lowest since the beginning of the year.
3) (sociale, morale) value4) (= mérite) [auteur] worth, [ouvrage, travail] value, meritapprécier qn/qch à sa juste valeur — to appreciate sb's/sth's true worth
reconnaître qn/qch à sa juste valeur — to recognize sb's/sth's true worth
Les Finlandais voient enfin Sibelius reconnu à sa juste valeur. — The Finnish are at last seeing Sibelius recognized for his true worth.
5) FINANCE (= titre) securities pl stock no pl6)mettre en valeur [bien] — to exploit, [terrain, région] to develop, [aspect, détail] to highlight, [qualité, atout] to show off to advantage
* * *valeur nf1 ( prix) value; prendre/perdre de la valeur to go up/go down in value; acheter qch d'une valeur de 100 euros to buy sth worth 100 euros; d'une valeur inestimable [bijou, meuble] priceless; avoir beaucoup de valeur to be very valuable; n'avoir aucune valeur, être sans valeur to have no value, to be worth nothing; vendre qch en dessous de sa valeur to sell sth for less than it's worth; un vase de valeur a valuable vase; les objets de valeur valuables; mettre un terrain en valeur to develop a plot of land; la mise en valeur d'une terre the development of a piece of land;2 ( qualité) (de personne, d'artiste) worth; ( d'œuvre) value, merit; (de méthode, découverte) value; apprécier qn à sa valeur ( positif) to recognize sb's worth; ( négatif) to get the measure of sb; prouver sa valeur to show one's worth; avoir une valeur symbolique/sentimentale to have symbolic/sentimental value; faire la valeur de qch to give sth value; attacher de la valeur à qch to value sth; attacher une grande valeur à qch to set great value on sth; sans valeur worthless; un homme de valeur ( moralement) a very estimable man; attirer des candidats de valeur ( en compétence) to attract high-quality candidates; la valeur de l'écrivain a été reconnue the author's talent has been recognized; le mot garde toute sa valeur the word keeps its full force; mettre qch en valeur to emphasize, highlight [fait, talent, qualité]; to set off [yeux, teint, tableau]; le cadre met le tableau en valeur the frame sets off the painting; mettre qn en valeur [couleur, maquillage] to suit ou flatter sb; la coupe de la robe met sa taille en valeur the cut of the dress shows off her slim waist; se mettre en valeur [coquette] to make the best of oneself; [candidat] to show oneself to best advantage;3 ( validité) validity; valeur légale legal validity; avoir valeur de to be, to constitute; avoir valeur de norme/symbole to be the norm/a symbol; ceci n'a pas valeur d'engagement this does not constitute a commitment; je souhaite que leur action ait valeur d'exemple I hope that their action serves as an example;4 ( principe moral) value; les valeurs morales/démocratiques/traditionnelles moral/democratic/traditional values; nous n'avons pas les mêmes valeurs we don't share the same values;5 Fin ( effet de commerce) bill of exchange; ( en Bourse) security; valeurs securities, stock ¢, stocks and shares; les valeurs minières mining shares ou stock ¢ ou securities; le marché or la Bourse des valeurs the stock market; date or jour de valeur ( dans une banque) value date;6 Compta asset; valeurs disponibles/immobilisées liquid/fixed assets;7 ( quantité) ajouter la valeur de deux cuillerées à café add the equivalent of two teaspoons;8 Math value; la valeur algébrique/absolue d'un nombre the algebraic/absolute value of a number; en valeur absolue/relative fig in absolute/relative terms;9 Jeux (de pion, carte) value;11 †( courage) valour†GB.valeur ajoutée added value; valeur de or à la casse scrap value; valeur déclarée value; valeur d'échange exchange value; valeur à l'échéance value at maturity; valeur locative rental value; valeur marchande market ou sale value; valeur nominale nominal ou face value; valeur nominative registered security; valeur or gold value; valeur de premier ordre Fin blue chip; valeur refuge safe investment; valeur sûre gilt-edged security GB, blue chip; fig safe bet; valeur d'usage use value; valeur vedette Fin leader, blue chip; valeur vénale market ou sale value; valeurs mobilières securities; ⇒ taxe.[valɶr] nom fémininla valeur en a été fixée à 500 euros its value has been put at 500 euros, it's been valued at 500 eurosprendre/perdre de la valeur to increase/to decrease in valueestimer quelque chose au-dessus/au-dessous de sa valeur to overvalue/to undervalue somethingbijoux sans valeur ou qui n'ont aucune valeur worthless jewelsa. [terre] to exploitb. [capital] to get the best return out ofc. [connaissances] to put to good used. [taille, minceur] to enhancevaleur marchande/vénale market/monetary valuevaleur en bourse ou boursière market valuea. [généralement] sound ou safe investment3. [importance subjective] valueattacher ou accorder une grande valeur à quelque chose to prize something, to set great value by somethingattacher ou accorder de la valeur aux traditions to value traditionston opinion n'a aucune valeur pour moi as far as I'm concerned, your opinion is worthless6. (littéraire) [personne de mérite]7. [validité - d'une méthode, d'une découverte] value8. [équivalent]donnez-lui la valeur d'une cuillère à soupe de sirop give him the equivalent of a tablespoonful of syrup————————valeurs nom féminin pluriel1. [normes morales] valuesvaleurs morales/sociales/familiales moral/social/family values2. BOURSEvaleurs (mobilières) stocks and shares, securitiesvaleurs à revenu fixe/variable fixed/variable income securitiesvaleurs disponibles liquid ou tangible assetsvaleurs minières/pétrolières/stannifères mining/oil/tin shares————————de valeur locution adjectivaledes objets de valeur valuables, items of value, valuable itemsde grande valeur precious, very valuable2. [de mérite] -
63 éclatant
éclatant, e [eklatɑ̃, ɑ̃t]adjective[lumière] brilliant ; ( = aveuglant) glaring ; [couleur] bright ; [soleil] blazing ; [blancheur, sourire, succès] dazzling [teint, beauté] radiant ; [victoire] resounding ; [exemple] striking* * *éclatante eklatɑ̃, ɑ̃t adjectif1) ( très brillant) [lumière] dazzling; [soleil] blazing2) ( vif) [couleur, teinte, plumage] bright3) ( admirable) [beauté, sourire, santé] radiant; [victoire, réussite] brilliant4) ( manifeste) [preuve, démonstration] striking5) ( très bruyant) [bruit, son] deafening; [rire, voix] ringing* * *eklatɑ̃, ɑ̃t adj éclatant, -e1) (soleil, couleur, sourire) brilliant, bright2) (succès) resounding, (revanche) devastating* * *1 ( très brillant) [lumière] brilliant; [soleil] blazing; un ciel éclatant de lumière a dazzlingly bright sky;2 ( vif) [couleur, teinte, plumage] bright; des tissus d'un rouge/bleu éclatant bright red/blue fabrics; un drap d'un blanc éclatant or d'une blancheur éclatante a dazzlingly white sheet; dents d'une blancheur éclatante sparkling white teeth; éclatant de blancheur dazzling white; avoir une mine éclatante to be glowing with health;3 ( admirable) [beauté, sourire] radiant; [gloire] shining; [victoire, réussite] stunning; [santé] radiant; éclatant de santé glowing with health; éclatant de beauté, d'une beauté éclatante radiantly beautiful;4 ( manifeste) [preuve, démonstration, illustration] striking; être la manifestation éclatante de to be a striking example of;[miroir, surface] sparkling[dents] gleamingdraps d'une blancheur éclatante ou éclatants de blancheur dazzling white sheets3. [spectaculaire - revanche] spectacular ; [ - triomphe, victoire] resoundingon entendait son rire éclatant his booming ou hearty laugh could be heard -
64 coûter
v. intrans.1. Coûter les yeux de la tête: To be exorbitantly expensive. Mais ça va coûter les yeux de la tête! You're not going to pay prices like that, are you?!2. Pour ce que ça vous coûte! (iron.): As if it made any difference to you! (In this example coûter does not neces sarily refer to money.) -
65 dreauper
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66 escarpins
n. m. pl. (joc.): 'Boats', largeshoes. (The humour comes from the original meaning of the word: dainty, delicate shoes. Georgette Marks, in her dictionary, quotes the example escarpins en cuir de brouette: Galoshes.) -
67 flottante
adj. La population flottante (pol.): The monthly count of drowned persons logged by the police! (This example of macabre humour was first noted by Jacques Arnal in his glossary L'ARGOT DE POLICE.) -
68 graine
n. f.1. Monter en graine (of child): To 'shoot up', to grow quickly. Ah, les gosses ça monte vite en graine! Kids, before you know it, they've grown up!2. En prendre de la graine: To 'take a leaf out of someone's book', to follow someone's example.3. De la mauvaise graine (of person): A 'nasty piece of work', a disreputable character.4. Casser la graine: To have a bite to eat. -
69 oseille
n. f.1. La soupe à l'oseille: The bitter fare dished out by life. Avoir eu droit à la soupe à l'oseille: To have had a tough time in life. (As in the next example, the literal meaning of oseille: sorrel, probably the bitterest of edible vegetables, gives the flavour of the expressions.)2. La faire à l'oseille ( à quelqu'un): To 'cod', to deceive someone. Faudrait voir à ne pas nous la faire à l'oseille: Don't try those little tricks on us!3. 'Brass', 'loot', money. Faire son oseille: To make one's pile. -
70 pendard
n. m. (joc.): 'Rascal', rogue. Pendard, va! You rascal, you! (As the example shows, the word is, if anything, endearing and should not be translated as 'bounder'.) -
71 petit
I.n. m.2. Mon petit (Term of endearment): My pet— Precious— Darling.3. Faire des petits (fig.): To multiply, to grow in numbers. Dès qu'il y a un mécontent, ça fait des petits: Before you know it, from one disgruntled character you've got a whole horde!4. 'Prick', 'cock', penis. Emmener le petit au cirque (joc.): To have 'a leg-over', to 'have it off', to have sex. Prendre (also: envoyer) du petit: To get sodomized. (Certain dictionaries lexicalize petit with reference to the previous example as being the anal sphincter where sodomous intercourse is concerned.)II.adv. At a slow pace. En ce moment côté affaires, ça va petit! Business is just about chugging along! -
72 Besancenot, Olivier
b 1974.Chief spokesman and virtual leader of the NPA, the Nouveau Parti Anticapitaliste, a left-wing anti-capitalist party founded in early 2009. Prior to the founding of the NPA, Besancenot had been leader of the LCR Ligue Communiste Revolutionnaire party. Very telegenic and a good speaker, Besançenot is a popular guest on radio and TV talk shows. He ran in the presidential elections in both 2002 and 2007, and each time achieved over 4% of the vote. Eschewing labels, he simply describes himself as a "revolutionary", and can be described as a classic example of the French intellectual left. Born into a middle-class family, he achieved a postgraduate degree in modern history from the University of Paris, but works as a postman.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Besancenot, Olivier
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73 Casier judiciaire
put bluntly, a casier judiciaire is a criminal record. Every adult citizen in France has a casier judiciaire, but fortunately this does not mean that everyone in France has a criminal record in the English sense of the term. Most people have what is known as a 'casier judiciaire vierge', litterally a virgin criminal record, i.e. an empty criminal record or no criminal record. All information is held in a central database at Nantes; the information logged in a person's casier judiciaire includes sentences passed by the courts, information concerning personal bankruptcy, and certain civil or administrative penalties. This information is not public, but elements, known as an 'extrait de casier judiciaire' can be made available to the courts, or to the authorities, for example when a person is applying for a public sector job for which a clean record is required.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Casier judiciaire
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74 Chaban-Delmas, Jacques
(1915-2000)Conservative prime minister of France, 1969 - 1972. Chaban Delmas was a wartime leader in the French Resistance movement, who entered politics in the days of the Fourth Republic. At this time, he was a Radical and a Social Republican. He was a minister in the centre-left coalition government of Pierre Mendès-France in 1954-55 and minister of Defence in the Radical Socialist Gaillard government 1957-8. He then rallied to the Gaullist movement in 1958, though was mistrusted by many leading Gaullists, and did not serve as minister during the De Gaulle presidencies, though was elected leader of the National Assembly. He was appointed prime minister by Georges Pompidou. As well as his national duties, Chaban-Delmas was also Mayor of Bordeaux for 48 years, from 1947 to 1995, and also Député for the city - a classic example of cumul des mandats.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Chaban-Delmas, Jacques
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75 Cumul des mandats
Expression used to describe the cumulation, by a single politician, of a range of different representative functions, such as parliamentarian and mayor, or mayor and president of a regional council. The principle of combining different representative roles is deeply anchored in the French political tradition, where national politicians frequently built up their reputation and power bases in their local fiefdoms, and local politics were often in the hands of local "notables" with their fingers in many pies.. Jacques Chirac, for example, had a range of elected and ministerial jobs, and was at one time simultaneously député for the Corrèzedepartment, President of the General council of Corrèze, and Mayor of Paris. Since the 1990's, there have been attempts to outlaw the practice of double mandates. Lionel Jospin forbade ministers in his government from being mayor at the same time, and this unwritten rule continued to be applied - more or less - until the end of the Chirac presidency. Since the start of the Sarkozy presidency, it has been enforced less stringently. According to a 2007 opinion poll for Le Nouvel Observateur, 74% of French people disapprove of the principle of cumul des mandats. Reform of this aspect of French life would surely be appreciated by voters, but the principle is so well rooted in the French socio-political system, and so many decision-makers and advisors- of all political persuasions - have a vested interest in the system, that this is a reform that will likely prove very difficult to implement.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Cumul des mandats
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76 Elitism
In spite of the national commitment to the principles of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity, France remains marked by traditions of elitism that are ingrained in the very fibre of society. The French Revolution was supposed to have done away with privileges and elites, and usher in an age of greater equality; in the event, it - and subsequent upheavals - changed the nature of the elites in France, without making a great impact on the underlying system. Indeed, the notion of 'republican elites' is one that was fundamental in the shaping of post-Revolutionary France.In terms of local power, the role of local notables - important figures - remains strong. Notables frequently fulfil multiple roles in local administration and structures, sometimes combining these with elected positions on a regional or national scale, giving them and their close supporters a considerable degree of power. (See Cumul des mandats). They are frequently referred to as les elites locales. The process of devolution in France, set in motion in 1982, has had the effect of strengthening the power base of local elites.The French education system, while offering a good quality non-selective education to all children at lower levels, is increasingly elitist towards the top, particularly when it comes to preparing for higher education. Manyclasses préparatoires, particularly those preparing students for entrance to the top institutions of higher education, called Grandes Ecoles, are very selective, and the selection process - and for that matter the system itself - often disfavours students from humble or poorer backgrounds. The Grandes Ecoles themselves, tailor-made to the needs of the nation, train the future leaders and decision makers in specific fields of the public or private sector, producing very close networks of former students, that make the British concept of the "old-boy network" seem rather informal.Places in the top grandes écoles and some other institutions are highly sought after, as graduates from these schools are seen in France as a sort of caste, membership of which is highly recommended, if not essential, for anyone wanting to reach the top. The classic example of this is the ENA, Ecole Normale d'Administration, the Grande Ecole designed to train top civil servants and future political leaders. In the corridors of French power, many if not most of the top positions are occupied by Enarques, graduates of the ENA. In 1967, Jean-Pierre Chevènement - himself an Enarque, and later to be Minister of the Interior under François Mitterrand - coined the word Enarchie, to define the French system of state elites.As for business elites, a 2006 review in the Economist observed that they "often seem to owe more allegiance to the group from which they are drawn than to the international corporations they work for."Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Elitism
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77 Leclerc, centres
One of the biggest of the French hypermarket chains. TheCentres Leclerc enjoy a reputation for low prices and good quality, and have led many campaigns in favour of the right of retail distribution chains to expand their activities, for example by opening up in-store chemists counters. The group was the first retail distributor to bid for, and obtain, concessions for motorway service stations in France.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Leclerc, centres
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78 Lycée Professionnel
(also known as LP, formerly LEP): high-school preparing students for entry into specialised trades. Students in Lycées Professionnels work to obtain diplomas in their particular specialisation. The basic diploma is the CAP (Certificat d'aptitude professionnel), the standard qualification for entry into a number of crafts or trades. Alternatively they work beyond the CAP for a BEP (Brevet d'études professionnelles) which can lead on to the a Baccalauréat professionnel, giving access to higher education. Lycées Professionnels are specialised in a particular field, for example Lycée hôtelier, Lycée du bâtiment, Lycée du bois. Some are in the state sector, others are private establishments.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Lycée Professionnel
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79 Mauroy, Pierre
(born 1928)French socialist politician, Prime Minister from 1981 to 1984, at the start of the first Mitterrand presidency. A stalwart Socialist, Mauroy was Mitterrand's first prime minister, and led the government in the early years of the presidency, when policies were most left-wing, and included a programme of nationalisation (at a time when other nations were doing the reverse), a lowering of the retirement age, and the reduction of the working week to 39 hours. As well as playing a major role in the Socialist party from its creation in 1969, he was mayor of the city of Lille from 1973 to 2001, and also the city's Député, a classic example of cumul des mandats.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Mauroy, Pierre
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80 Pont
A pont is a working day that happens to fall between a public holiday, jour férié, and a weekend. For example, if the Quatorze Juillet were a Tuesday, millions of French employees would " faire le pont" by taking the Monday off and making a long weekend.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Pont
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Example.net — example.com example.com, example.net et example.org (de l anglais qui signifie « exemple ») sont des noms de domaines de second niveau que l Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) a décidé de réserver et de ne pas proposer à l… … Wikipédia en Français
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Example — Ex*am ple, n. [A later form for ensample, fr. L. exemplum, orig., what is taken out of a larger quantity, as a sample, from eximere to take out. See {Exempt}, and cf. {Ensample}, {Sample}.] 1. One or a portion taken to show the character or… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
.example — est un domaine de premier niveau réservé. Un domaine de premier niveau réservé est un domaine de premier niveau qui n’est pas destiné à être utilisé dans le système de nom de domaine (Domain Name System) d’Internet, mais qui est réservé à un… … Wikipédia en Français
example.com — example.com, example.net, example.org und example.edu sind Second level Domains, die von der Internet Engineering Task Force (wie in Abschnitt 3 im Quasi Standard RFC 2606[1] vorgeschlagen) permanent reserviert wurden. Sie können daher nicht von… … Deutsch Wikipedia
example — [eg zam′pəl, igzam′pəl; eg′zämpəl, igzämpəl] n. [ME < OFr example, essample < L exemplum, sample, example < eximere, to take out < ex , out + emere, to buy < IE base * em , to take > Lith imù] 1. something selected to show the… … English World dictionary
Example.com — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda example.com, example.net y example.org son dominios de Internet de segundo nivel reservados (en la RFC 2606, sección 3) para ser utilizados en ejemplos y documentación. Esta reserva hace que no se puedan registrar.… … Wikipedia Español
.example — Введение 1999 Тип домена зарезервированный общий домен верхнего уровня Статус действующий Регистратор IANA Назначение для доменов, которые следует использовать в качестве при … Википедия
