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1 Verlauf
m; -(e)s, Verläufe1. der Zeit, eines Vorgangs etc.: course; der Verlauf einer Sache auch the way s.th. goes ( oder develops); zum typischen Verlauf einer Krankheit gehören be part of the typical course for a disease; das kommt auf den Verlauf des Abends etc. an that depends on how ( oder on the way) the evening etc. goes ( oder develops), that depends on which course the evening etc. takes; den weiteren Verlauf abwarten wait and see how things go ( oder develop); im Verlauf (+ Gen. oder von) in the course of; nach Verlauf von after (a lapse of); einen schlimmen Verlauf nehmen take a bad course; der Verlauf der Dinge gibt ihm Recht the course of events is proving him right2. räumlich, einer Grenze etc.: course; immer dem Verlauf der Straße nach keep following the course of the street* * *der Verlaufprogression; run; course; current; progress* * *Ver|laufmcourse; (= Ausgang) end, issue; (COMPUT, INTERNET) historyim Verláúf der Zeit — in the course of time
im Verláúf des Tages — in or during the course of the day
im Verláúf der Jahre/Monate — over the (course of the) years/months
im Verláúf der Verhandlungen/Arbeit — in the course of the negotiations/work
einen guten/schlechten Verláúf nehmen — to go well/badly
den Verláúf einer Sache verfolgen/beobachten — to follow/observe the course (which) sth takes
im weiteren Verláúf der Sache zeichnete sich folgende Tendenz ab — as things developed the following tendency became apparent
* * *Ver·lauf[fɛɐ̯ˈlauf]m1. (Ablauf) courseim \Verlauf einer S. gen during [or in the course of] sthim \Verlauf der nächsten Monate in the course of the next few monthseinen bestimmten \Verlauf nehmen to take a particular courseder Prozess nahm einen unerwartet guten \Verlauf the case went unexpectedly well3. TYPO gradation, tone shading, vignetted background* * *der; Verlauf[e]s, Verläufe course* * *1. der Zeit, eines Vorgangs etc: course; IT, INTERNET (Anzeige aufgerufener Dateien oder besuchter Websites) history;zum typischen Verlauf einer Krankheit gehören be part of the typical course for a disease;an that depends on how ( oder on the way) the evening etc goes ( oder develops), that depends on which course the evening etc takes;den weiteren Verlauf abwarten wait and see how things go ( oder develop);im Verlauf (+gen odervon) in the course of;nach Verlauf von after (a lapse of);einen schlimmen Verlauf nehmen take a bad course;der Verlauf der Dinge gibt ihm recht the course of events is proving him right2. räumlich, einer Grenze etc: course;immer dem Verlauf der Straße nach keep following the course of the street* * *der; Verlauf[e]s, Verläufe course* * *-¨e (eines Naturereignisses oder -prozesses) f.regime n. m.order of events n.progression n. -
2 оказывается, что
1) General subject: it develops that (...) (...)2) Mathematics: it turns out that (...)3) Makarov: (...) it develops that (...) -
3 (...) оказывается, что
Makarov: it develops that (...)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > (...) оказывается, что
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4 desarrollar
v.1 to develop (mejorar) (crecimiento, país).desarrolló un sexto sentido para las finanzas she developed o acquired a sixth sense for moneyEl orador desarrolló el tema The orator developed the subject.El programador desarrolla sistemas The programmer develops systems.2 to expound, to explain (exponer) (teoría, tema, fórmula).¿podrías desarrollar esa idea un poco más? could you expand on that idea a little more?3 to carry out (realizar) (actividad, trabajo).4 to expand (Mat).5 to unroll, to unfold.El camarero desarrolló la alfombra The waiter unrolled the rug.6 to train.7 to rear, to raise.* * *1 (gen) to develop2 (deshacer un rollo) to unroll, unfold3 (exponer) to expound, explain4 (llevar a cabo) to carry out5 MATEMÁTICAS to expand, develop1 (crecer) to develop2 (transcurrir) to take place* * *verb* * *1. VT1) [+ economía, industria, mercado] to develop2) (=explicar) [+ teoría, tema, punto] to develop3) (=realizar) [+ trabajo, proyecto] to carry out; [+ técnica, método] to develophan desarrollado nuevas técnicas de reciclaje de residuos — they have developed new techniques for waste recycling
4) [+ capacidad, músculos, memoria] to develop5) (Mec)6) (Mat) [+ ecuación, función] to expanddesarolló bien el problema pero no llegó a la solución — he applied the correct method o working but failed to find the solution, he worked through the problem correctly but failed to find the solution
7) (=desenrollar) [+ algo enrollado] to unroll; [+ algo plegado] to unfold, open (out)2.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) <facultad/inteligencia> to develop; < músculos> to develop, build upb) <industria/comercio> to developc) <teoría/plan> to develop2)a) ( exponer) <teoría/tema> to explainb) ( llevar a cabo) <actividad/labor> to carry out; < plan> to put into practice3) (Chi) (Fot) to develop2.desarrollarse v pron1) cuerpo/planta to develop, grow; pueblo/economía to develop; teoría/idea to develop, evolve2) acto/entrevista/escena to take place* * *= cultivate, develop, evolve, work out, realise [realize, -USA], flesh out, come along, stitch together.Ex. Such familiarity can be cultivated with experience, and will consider the following features of data bases.Ex. Various large abstracting and indexing co-operative ventures or networks have developed their own formats.Ex. Virtually all software packages offer the purchaser the opportunity to evolve a record format which suits a specific application.Ex. The details of how the assignment of numbers by authorized agencies would be controlled have yet to be worked out.Ex. Librarians, information scientists, and keepers of the archives have to realise the meaning of the so-called electronic library (e-library).Ex. The modern world has seen two documentary disciplines -- library science and archival science -- arise and flesh out a theory, methodology, and practice.Ex. However, we have not heard the final word by any means for there are new products and improved examples of existing products coming along.Ex. Adolescence is a time when teens 'start to stitch together a personal culture: the things they like to do with their time'.----* acontecimientos + desarrollarse = events + unfold.* desarrollar al máximo = develop + Nombre + to its full potential.* desarrollar aun más = take + one stage further, progress + one stage further, carry + one stage further, develop + one stage further, take + a step further, extend + one step further, carry + one step further, take + one step further, develop + further.* desarrollar el amor a/por = build + a love of.* desarrollar el carácter de Uno = build + Posesivo + character.* desarrollar el instinto para = develop + a nose for.* desarrollar el potencial de Algo = develop + potential, develop + Posesivo + (full) potential, achieve + Posesivo + potential, achieve + Posesivo + full potential.* desarrollar la capacidad de = gain in + the ability to.* desarrollar las capacidades = fulfil + potential.* desarrollar las posibilidades = live up to + Posesivo + potential.* desarrollar + Posesivo + trabajo = advance + Posesivo + work.* desarrollarse = proceed, grow, build up, burgeon, unfold, grow up, come up, shape up.* desarrollarse a uno mismo = self-actualise [self-actualize, -USA].* desarrollarse demasiado pronto = peak + too early.* desarrollarse en un sentido determinado = develop along + lines.* desarrollarse sin problemas = go + smoothly.* desarrollar una definición = explode + definition.* desarrollar una destreza = develop + skill, build + skill.* desarrollar una idea = amplify + idea.* desarrollar una personalidad propia = develop + identity.* desarrollar una técnica = develop + skill, build + skill.* desarrollar un plan de trabajo = develop + agenda.* desarrollar un proyecto = develop + project.* lograr desarrollar el potencial de Algo = achieve + Posesivo + full potential, achieve + Posesivo + potential.* persona que se desarrolla tarde = late bloomer.* que permite desarrollar menús de consulta = menu-making.* que se desarrollan = at play.* que se está desarrollando = evolving.* seguir desarrollando = develop + further.* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) <facultad/inteligencia> to develop; < músculos> to develop, build upb) <industria/comercio> to developc) <teoría/plan> to develop2)a) ( exponer) <teoría/tema> to explainb) ( llevar a cabo) <actividad/labor> to carry out; < plan> to put into practice3) (Chi) (Fot) to develop2.desarrollarse v pron1) cuerpo/planta to develop, grow; pueblo/economía to develop; teoría/idea to develop, evolve2) acto/entrevista/escena to take place* * *= cultivate, develop, evolve, work out, realise [realize, -USA], flesh out, come along, stitch together.Ex: Such familiarity can be cultivated with experience, and will consider the following features of data bases.
Ex: Various large abstracting and indexing co-operative ventures or networks have developed their own formats.Ex: Virtually all software packages offer the purchaser the opportunity to evolve a record format which suits a specific application.Ex: The details of how the assignment of numbers by authorized agencies would be controlled have yet to be worked out.Ex: Librarians, information scientists, and keepers of the archives have to realise the meaning of the so-called electronic library (e-library).Ex: The modern world has seen two documentary disciplines -- library science and archival science -- arise and flesh out a theory, methodology, and practice.Ex: However, we have not heard the final word by any means for there are new products and improved examples of existing products coming along.Ex: Adolescence is a time when teens 'start to stitch together a personal culture: the things they like to do with their time'.* acontecimientos + desarrollarse = events + unfold.* desarrollar al máximo = develop + Nombre + to its full potential.* desarrollar aun más = take + one stage further, progress + one stage further, carry + one stage further, develop + one stage further, take + a step further, extend + one step further, carry + one step further, take + one step further, develop + further.* desarrollar el amor a/por = build + a love of.* desarrollar el carácter de Uno = build + Posesivo + character.* desarrollar el instinto para = develop + a nose for.* desarrollar el potencial de Algo = develop + potential, develop + Posesivo + (full) potential, achieve + Posesivo + potential, achieve + Posesivo + full potential.* desarrollar la capacidad de = gain in + the ability to.* desarrollar las capacidades = fulfil + potential.* desarrollar las posibilidades = live up to + Posesivo + potential.* desarrollar + Posesivo + trabajo = advance + Posesivo + work.* desarrollarse = proceed, grow, build up, burgeon, unfold, grow up, come up, shape up.* desarrollarse a uno mismo = self-actualise [self-actualize, -USA].* desarrollarse demasiado pronto = peak + too early.* desarrollarse en un sentido determinado = develop along + lines.* desarrollarse sin problemas = go + smoothly.* desarrollar una definición = explode + definition.* desarrollar una destreza = develop + skill, build + skill.* desarrollar una idea = amplify + idea.* desarrollar una personalidad propia = develop + identity.* desarrollar una técnica = develop + skill, build + skill.* desarrollar un plan de trabajo = develop + agenda.* desarrollar un proyecto = develop + project.* lograr desarrollar el potencial de Algo = achieve + Posesivo + full potential, achieve + Posesivo + potential.* persona que se desarrolla tarde = late bloomer.* que permite desarrollar menús de consulta = menu-making.* que se desarrollan = at play.* que se está desarrollando = evolving.* seguir desarrollando = develop + further.* * *desarrollar [A1 ]vtA1 ‹facultad/inteligencia› to develop; ‹músculos› to develop, build uptiene el sentido del olfato muy desarrollado it has a very highly developed sense of smell2 ‹industria/comercio› to develop3 (ampliar, desenvolver) ‹idea/teoría/plan› to developB2 ( Mat) to develop3 (llevar a cabo) ‹actividad/labor› to carry out; ‹plan› to put into practiceC«coche/motor»: desarrolla una velocidad de … it can reach a speed of …desarrolla 75 caballos it develops o generates 75 horsepowerA1 (crecer) «niño/cuerpo/planta» to develop, grow2 «adolescente» to develop, go through puberty3 «pueblo/industria/economía» to develop4 «teoría/idea» to develop, evolveB «acto/entrevista» to take placehabrá que esperar a ver cómo se desarrollan los acontecimientos we shall have to wait and see how things develop o turn outla acción se desarrolla en una aldea gallega the action unfolds o takes place in a Galician village* * *
desarrollar ( conjugate desarrollar) verbo transitivo
1 ( en general) to develop
2
desarrollarse verbo pronominal
1 ( en general) to develop
2 [acto/entrevista/escena] to take place
desarrollar verbo transitivo
1 to develop: ha desarrollado su musculatura desde que hace deporte, he has become more muscular since he started doing sport
(un proyecto, teoría) han desarrollado un nuevo modelo de ordenador portátil, they've developed a new type of portable computer
2 (exponer con mayor detalle) to explain
' desarrollar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
explotar
English:
amplify
- brain
- build up
- develop
- evolve
- open up
- work out
- expand
- realize
* * *♦ vt1. [mejorar] [economía, capacidades, musculatura] to develop;desarrolló un sexto sentido para las finanzas she developed o acquired a sixth sense for money2. [exponer] [tema] to explain, to develop;[teoría] to expound, to develop;¿podrías desarrollar esa idea un poco más? could you expand on that idea a little more?3. [realizar] [actividad, trabajo, proyecto] to carry out4. [crear] [prototipos, técnicas, estrategias] to develop5. [velocidad][ecuación, problema] to solve, to work outesta moto desarrolla los 200 kilómetros por hora this bike can reach a speed of 200 kilometres an hour* * *v/t1 develop2 tema explain3 trabajo carry out* * *desarrollar vt: to develop* * *desarrollar vb1. (en general) to develop -
5 sviluppare
"to develop;Entwickeln;revelar (foto)"* * *develop* * *sviluppare v.tr.1 (letter.) ( disfare, sciogliere) to untie, to undo*, to loosen; ( liberare da un viluppo) to loosen, to free: sviluppare un nodo, to untie (o to undo o to loosen) a knot2 ( potenziare) to strengthen, to develop: la lettura sviluppa la mente, reading develops the mind; lo sport sviluppa le membra, sport strengthens the limbs3 ( incrementare) to develop, to expand, to increase, to strengthen: sviluppare un'azienda, to develop (o to expand) a business; sviluppare le risorse naturali di un paese, to develop the natural resources of a country; sviluppare il commercio, l'agricoltura, to develop (o to increase) trade, agriculture4 ( svolgere, elaborare) to develop, to work out: sviluppare un argomento, un'idea, to develop a subject, an idea; sviluppare un progetto, to work out a plan5 ( produrre) to generate, to develop, to produce: la scintilla sviluppò un enorme incendio, the spark started an enormous fire; questo motore sviluppa 200 cavalli vapore, this motor generates two hundred horsepower; sviluppare calore, elettricità, to generate heat, electricity; (chim.) sviluppare gas, to evolve gas6 (fot., mat.) to develop: (mat.) sviluppare un'equazione, to develop an equation; (fot.) sviluppare una lastra, pellicola, to develop a plate, film◆ v. intr. → svilupparsi.◘ svilupparsi v.rifl. o intr.pron.1 to develop: un bocciolo si sviluppa e diventa un fiore, a bud develops into a flower; la farfalla si sviluppa dal bozzolo, a butterfly develops from a cocoon; le piante si sviluppano dai semi, trees grow from seeds2 ( crescere) to grow*; ( invigorirsi) to strengthen, to develop: la mente si sviluppa con la lettura, the mind develops with reading; quella pianta si sviluppa molto bene, that plant is growing very well; questo ragazzo si è molto sviluppato dall'ultima volta che lo vidi, this boy has grown a lot since I saw him last; lo sport aiuta il fisico a sviluppare, sport improves the development of the body3 ( ricevere incremento, espandersi) to expand, to develop: la città si sviluppa verso nord, the city is expanding northwards; il commercio internazionale si è molto sviluppato, international trade has expanded a great deal; la sua azienda si è molto sviluppata recentemente, his business has developed (o expanded) a lot recently4 ( scoppiare) to break* out: si è sviluppata un'epidemia, an epidemic has broken out; si è sviluppato un incendio, a fire has broken out.* * *[zvilup'pare]1. vt2. vip (svilupparsi)* * *[zvilup'pare] 1.verbo transitivo1) (fare crescere) to develop [personalità, paese, economia]; to expand [progetto, attività]; to build* up, to develop [ muscolo]2) (ampliare) to develop, to expand [soggetto, racconto]; to develop, to elaborate [idea, teoria]3) fot. to develop, to process [ pellicola]4) (sprigionare) to emit, to give* off [calore, energia]2.verbo pronominale svilupparsi1) (crescere) [persona, muscolo, personalità] to develop; [ pianta] to grow*; [azienda, città, economia] to develop, to grow*, to expand2) (raggiungere la pubertà) [ adolescente] to reach puberty, to develop3) (scoppiare, propagarsi) [epidemia, incendio] to break* out4) (sprigionarsi) [calore, gas] to come* out (da of)* * *sviluppare/zvilup'pare/ [1]1 (fare crescere) to develop [personalità, paese, economia]; to expand [progetto, attività]; to build* up, to develop [ muscolo]2 (ampliare) to develop, to expand [soggetto, racconto]; to develop, to elaborate [idea, teoria]3 fot. to develop, to process [ pellicola]4 (sprigionare) to emit, to give* off [calore, energia]II svilupparsi verbo pronominale1 (crescere) [persona, muscolo, personalità] to develop; [ pianta] to grow*; [azienda, città, economia] to develop, to grow*, to expand2 (raggiungere la pubertà) [ adolescente] to reach puberty, to develop3 (scoppiare, propagarsi) [epidemia, incendio] to break* out4 (sprigionarsi) [calore, gas] to come* out (da of). -
6 leisten
v/t1. do; (schaffen) auch manage; (vollbringen) achieve, accomplish; TECH. do; du hast aber in letzter Zeit nicht sehr viel geleistet you haven’t achieved much ( oder accomplished much, got[ten] much done) lately; ich habe schon einiges geleistet I’ve done quite a bit, I haven’t been idle; was leistet der Wagen? what will ( oder can) the car do?; der Motor leistet 200 PS the engine produces ( oder delivers, develops) 200 bhp; gute Arbeit leisten do a good job; da musst du schon was leisten you’ve got to show what you can do; er hat Großes geleistet he has some remarkable achievements to his name; bei einer Aufführung etc.: it was a great performance2. mit Subst.: Zahlungen leisten make payments; eine Anzahlung leisten pay a deposit; Abbitte, Beistand 1, Dienst 2, Eid, Folge, Hilfe etc.3. sich (Dat) etw. leisten (sich gönnen) treat o.s. to s.th.; umg. (Blödes tun) get up to s.th.; leiste dir doch mal etwas give yourself a treat; heute leiste ich mir einen Kognak I’m going to treat myself to (iro. splash out on) a brandy today; was hast du dir da wieder geleistet? fig., umg. what have you been up to this time?; du leistest dir ja Dinge! umg. you certainly get up to some pretty crazy things; er leistet sich dauernd Frechheiten umg. he’s forever coming out with these cheeky remarks; da haben wir uns wirklich was Schönes geleistet umg. we’ve really (gone and) done it now; iro. we’ve really excelled ourselves this time4. sich (Dat) etw. leisten können finanziell, auch fig.: be able to afford s.th.; ich kann mir das nicht leisten I can’t afford that; ich kann es mir ( nicht) leisten, auf Urlaub zu gehen I can(‘t) afford to go on holiday; sie könnte sich wirklich neue Vorhänge leisten she could really run to some new curtains; du kannst dir keine weiteren Fehler leisten you can’t afford to make ( oder won’t get away with) any more mistakes* * *to afford; to achieve;sich leistento afford* * *Leis|ten ['laistn]m -s, -(= Schuhleisten) lastalle/alles über einen Léísten schlagen (fig) — to measure everyone/everything by the same yardstick
See:→ Schuster* * *(to give or produce (a service, a bill, thanks etc).) render* * *Leis·ten<-s, ->[ˈlaistn̩]m (Schuhleisten) last* * *der; Leistens, Leisten: lastalles/alle über einen Leisten schlagen — (ugs.) lump everybody/everything together
* * *leisten v/tdu hast aber in letzter Zeit nicht sehr viel geleistet you haven’t achieved much ( oder accomplished much, got[ten] much done) lately;ich habe schon einiges geleistet I’ve done quite a bit, I haven’t been idle;der Motor leistet 200 PS the engine produces ( oder delivers, develops) 200 bhp;gute Arbeit leisten do a good job;da musst du schon was leisten you’ve got to show what you can do;er hat Großes geleistet he has some remarkable achievements to his name; bei einer Aufführung etc: it was a great performance2. mit subst:Zahlungen leisten make payments;3.sich (dat)leiste dir doch mal etwas give yourself a treat;was hast du dir da wieder geleistet? fig, umg what have you been up to this time?;du leistest dir ja Dinge! umg you certainly get up to some pretty crazy things;da haben wir uns wirklich was Schönes geleistet umg we’ve really (gone and) done it now; iron we’ve really excelled ourselves this time4.sich (dat)ich kann mir das nicht leisten I can’t afford that;sie könnte sich wirklich neue Vorhänge leisten she could really run to some new curtains;du kannst dir keine weiteren Fehler leisten you can’t afford to make ( oder won’t get away with) any more mistakes* * *der; Leistens, Leisten: lastalles/alle über einen Leisten schlagen — (ugs.) lump everybody/everything together
* * *v.to accomplish v.to achieve v.to afford v.to perform v.to render v. -
7 Knowledge
It is indeed an opinion strangely prevailing amongst men, that houses, mountains, rivers, and, in a word, all sensible objects, have an existence, natural or real, distinct from their being perceived by the understanding. But, with how great an assurance and acquiescence soever this principle may be entertained in the world, yet whoever shall find in his heart to call it into question may, if I mistake not, perceive it to involve a manifest contradiction. For, what are the forementioned objects but things we perceive by sense? and what do we perceive besides our own ideas or sensations? and is it not plainly repugnant that any one of these, or any combination of them, should exist unperceived? (Berkeley, 1996, Pt. I, No. 4, p. 25)It seems to me that the only objects of the abstract sciences or of demonstration are quantity and number, and that all attempts to extend this more perfect species of knowledge beyond these bounds are mere sophistry and illusion. As the component parts of quantity and number are entirely similar, their relations become intricate and involved; and nothing can be more curious, as well as useful, than to trace, by a variety of mediums, their equality or inequality, through their different appearances.But as all other ideas are clearly distinct and different from each other, we can never advance farther, by our utmost scrutiny, than to observe this diversity, and, by an obvious reflection, pronounce one thing not to be another. Or if there be any difficulty in these decisions, it proceeds entirely from the undeterminate meaning of words, which is corrected by juster definitions. That the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the squares of the other two sides cannot be known, let the terms be ever so exactly defined, without a train of reasoning and enquiry. But to convince us of this proposition, that where there is no property, there can be no injustice, it is only necessary to define the terms, and explain injustice to be a violation of property. This proposition is, indeed, nothing but a more imperfect definition. It is the same case with all those pretended syllogistical reasonings, which may be found in every other branch of learning, except the sciences of quantity and number; and these may safely, I think, be pronounced the only proper objects of knowledge and demonstration. (Hume, 1975, Sec. 12, Pt. 3, pp. 163-165)Our knowledge springs from two fundamental sources of the mind; the first is the capacity of receiving representations (the ability to receive impressions), the second is the power to know an object through these representations (spontaneity in the production of concepts).Through the first, an object is given to us; through the second, the object is thought in relation to that representation.... Intuition and concepts constitute, therefore, the elements of all our knowledge, so that neither concepts without intuition in some way corresponding to them, nor intuition without concepts, can yield knowledge. Both may be either pure or empirical.... Pure intuitions or pure concepts are possible only a priori; empirical intuitions and empirical concepts only a posteriori. If the receptivity of our mind, its power of receiving representations in so far as it is in any way affected, is to be called "sensibility," then the mind's power of producing representations from itself, the spontaneity of knowledge, should be called "understanding." Our nature is so constituted that our intuitions can never be other than sensible; that is, it contains only the mode in which we are affected by objects. The faculty, on the other hand, which enables us to think the object of sensible intuition is the understanding.... Without sensibility, no object would be given to us; without understanding, no object would be thought. Thoughts without content are empty; intuitions without concepts are blind. It is therefore just as necessary to make our concepts sensible, that is, to add the object to them in intuition, as to make our intuitions intelligible, that is to bring them under concepts. These two powers or capacities cannot exchange their functions. The understanding can intuit nothing, the senses can think nothing. Only through their union can knowledge arise. (Kant, 1933, Sec. 1, Pt. 2, B74-75 [p. 92])Metaphysics, as a natural disposition of Reason is real, but it is also, in itself, dialectical and deceptive.... Hence to attempt to draw our principles from it, and in their employment to follow this natural but none the less fallacious illusion can never produce science, but only an empty dialectical art, in which one school may indeed outdo the other, but none can ever attain a justifiable and lasting success. In order that, as a science, it may lay claim not merely to deceptive persuasion, but to insight and conviction, a Critique of Reason must exhibit in a complete system the whole stock of conceptions a priori, arranged according to their different sources-the Sensibility, the understanding, and the Reason; it must present a complete table of these conceptions, together with their analysis and all that can be deduced from them, but more especially the possibility of synthetic knowledge a priori by means of their deduction, the principles of its use, and finally, its boundaries....This much is certain: he who has once tried criticism will be sickened for ever of all the dogmatic trash he was compelled to content himself with before, because his Reason, requiring something, could find nothing better for its occupation. Criticism stands to the ordinary school metaphysics exactly in the same relation as chemistry to alchemy, or as astron omy to fortune-telling astrology. I guarantee that no one who has comprehended and thought out the conclusions of criticism, even in these Prolegomena, will ever return to the old sophistical pseudo-science. He will rather look forward with a kind of pleasure to a metaphysics, certainly now within his power, which requires no more preparatory discoveries, and which alone can procure for reason permanent satisfaction. (Kant, 1891, pp. 115-116)Knowledge is only real and can only be set forth fully in the form of science, in the form of system. Further, a so-called fundamental proposition or first principle of philosophy, even if it is true, it is yet none the less false, just because and in so far as it is merely a fundamental proposition, merely a first principle. It is for that reason easily refuted. The refutation consists in bringing out its defective character; and it is defective because it is merely the universal, merely a principle, the beginning. If the refutation is complete and thorough, it is derived and developed from the nature of the principle itself, and not accomplished by bringing in from elsewhere other counter-assurances and chance fancies. It would be strictly the development of the principle, and thus the completion of its deficiency, were it not that it misunderstands its own purport by taking account solely of the negative aspect of what it seeks to do, and is not conscious of the positive character of its process and result. The really positive working out of the beginning is at the same time just as much the very reverse: it is a negative attitude towards the principle we start from. Negative, that is to say, in its one-sided form, which consists in being primarily immediate, a mere purpose. It may therefore be regarded as a refutation of what constitutes the basis of the system; but more correctly it should be looked at as a demonstration that the basis or principle of the system is in point of fact merely its beginning. (Hegel, 1910, pp. 21-22)Knowledge, action, and evaluation are essentially connected. The primary and pervasive significance of knowledge lies in its guidance of action: knowing is for the sake of doing. And action, obviously, is rooted in evaluation. For a being which did not assign comparative values, deliberate action would be pointless; and for one which did not know, it would be impossible. Conversely, only an active being could have knowledge, and only such a being could assign values to anything beyond his own feelings. A creature which did not enter into the process of reality to alter in some part the future content of it, could apprehend a world only in the sense of intuitive or esthetic contemplation; and such contemplation would not possess the significance of knowledge but only that of enjoying and suffering. (Lewis, 1946, p. 1)"Evolutionary epistemology" is a branch of scholarship that applies the evolutionary perspective to an understanding of how knowledge develops. Knowledge always involves getting information. The most primitive way of acquiring it is through the sense of touch: amoebas and other simple organisms know what happens around them only if they can feel it with their "skins." The knowledge such an organism can have is strictly about what is in its immediate vicinity. After a huge jump in evolution, organisms learned to find out what was going on at a distance from them, without having to actually feel the environment. This jump involved the development of sense organs for processing information that was farther away. For a long time, the most important sources of knowledge were the nose, the eyes, and the ears. The next big advance occurred when organisms developed memory. Now information no longer needed to be present at all, and the animal could recall events and outcomes that happened in the past. Each one of these steps in the evolution of knowledge added important survival advantages to the species that was equipped to use it.Then, with the appearance in evolution of humans, an entirely new way of acquiring information developed. Up to this point, the processing of information was entirely intrasomatic.... But when speech appeared (and even more powerfully with the invention of writing), information processing became extrasomatic. After that point knowledge did not have to be stored in the genes, or in the memory traces of the brain; it could be passed on from one person to another through words, or it could be written down and stored on a permanent substance like stone, paper, or silicon chips-in any case, outside the fragile and impermanent nervous system. (Csikszentmihalyi, 1993, pp. 56-57)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Knowledge
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8 stare
be( restare) stay( abitare) livestare in piedi standstare bene be welldi vestiti suitstare per fare qualcosa be about to do somethingstammi a sentire listen to melascialo stare leave him alone, let him bestare telefonando be on the phone, be making a phonecallcome sta? how are you?, how are things?ben ti sta! serves you right!ci sto! here I am!sta bene all right, ok* * *stare v. intr.1 to stay; ( rimanere) to remain: sta' dove sei, stay where you are; sta' fermo!, stay (o stand) still!; stare in casa, to stay indoors; stette alla finestra a guardarci partire, she stayed at the window watching us leave; stare al sole, all'ombra, sotto la pioggia, to stay in the sun, in the shade, in the rain; questi fiori devono stare fuori la notte, these flowers must be left out at night; sono stato da Tom tutto il pomeriggio, I stayed at Tom's the whole afternoon // stare in piedi, to stand; stare diritto, to stand up straight; stare alzato, to stay up; stare sveglio, to stay awake; stare seduto, to remain seated; stare sdraiato, to be lying down; stare a letto, to stay in bed; stare in poltrona, to sit in an armchair; stare indietro, to stand back; stare in disparte, to stand aside2 ( abitare) to live: quando stavo a Milano, when I lived (o I used to live) in Milan; sta in campagna sei mesi all'anno, he lives in the country six months a year; sto uscio a uscio con lui, I live next door to him3 ( essere) to be: quell'albergo sta in cima a una collina, in riva al lago, the hotel is (o stands) on a hilltop, on the shore of the lake; stava su questo tavolo, it was on this table; sta alla cassa, he is at the cash desk; qui sta il difficile, this is the difficulty; le cose stanno così, it's like this; dire le cose come stanno, to be frank; stando così le cose..., things being as they are...; la faccenda sta in questi termini, it's like this; sta' attento, buono, tranquillo, be careful, good, quiet; sta' zitto!, keep quiet! (o fam. shut up!); stare in ansia, to be anxious; sta' sicuro che verrà, you can be sure he will come // ( così) sta scritto, thus it is written // stare con qlcu., ( avere una relazione) to be with s.o. // a quanto stanno le patate oggi?, (fam.) how much are potatoes today?4 ( andare) to go*; to be: sono stato a Londra l'anno scorso, I went to London last year; sei mai stato a Parigi?, have you ever been in Paris?; sono stata dal dottore, dalla sarta, I went to see my doctor, to the dressmaker's5 ( dipendere) to depend: se stesse in me l'avresti già, if it depended on me, you would already have it; tutto sta se si può arrivare in tempo, everything depends on whether we get there in time6 ( spettare, toccare) to be up; to be for (s.o.); to be one's turn; sta a lui decidere questa faccenda, it is up to him (o it is his business) to decide this matter; non sta a te giudicare ciò, it is not for you to judge this matter; sta a me fare le carte, it's my turn to deal7 ( attenersi): devi stare a quel che ti dicono di fare, you must do as they tell you; io sto al suo consiglio, I follow his advice9 (al gioco, non volere altre carte) to stick*: sto!, stick!10 (seguito dal ger. per indicare la forma progressiva) to be (+ ger.): sto leggendo, I'm reading; il cane sta abbaiando, the dog is barking; stai commettendo un grave errore, you're making a serious mistake; il malato sta migliorando, the patient is improving; stanno chiamando te, they are calling you; stanno bussando alla porta, they're knocking at the door; il tempo sta cambiando, the weather is changing; si sta facendo buio, it's getting dark; ''Che cosa stanno facendo i bambini?'' ''Stanno giocando'', ''What are the children doing?'' ''They're playing''; ''Stai preparando le valigie?'' ''Sì'', ''Are you packing?'' ''Yes, I am''; ''Vi state annoiando?'' ''No, affatto'', ''Are you bored?'' ''Not at all''; stanno costruendo un nuovo centro residenziale, they are building a new residential complex (o a new residential complex is being built); ti stanno aspettando da un pezzo, they've been waiting for you for some time; lo stanno cercando da due giorni, they've been looking for him for two days; gli stanno dando la caccia da mesi, they've been looking for him for months; il telefono stava squillando da qualche minuto, the phone had been ringing for some minutes; stavamo proprio parlando di te, you're the very person we were talking about; il cielo si stava rannuvolando, the sky was clouding over; a quest'ora staranno già dormendo, they'll be asleep by now11 stare a (seguito da inf. pres., per indicare la durata di un'azione): siamo stati a parlare per quasi due ore, we (stayed and) talked for nearly two hours // stare a vedere, guardare, (fig.) to wait and see: ora stiamo a vedere come si evolve la situazione, now let's wait and see how the situation develops; sta a vedere che anche oggi non verrà, I bet he won't come today, either12 stare per, ( per indicare un futuro immediato o l'imminenza di un'azione) to be going, to be about (+ inf.); to be on the point of (+ ger.): stiamo per cambiare casa, we're going to move (house); il treno sta per arrivare, the train is about to arrive; sto per prendere una decisione importante, I'm about to make an important decision; stai per commettere un errore, you're about to make a mistake; sta per piovere, it's about to rain; credo che stia per nevicare, I think it's going to snow; lo spettacolo sta per iniziare, the show is about to begin // l'estate sta per finire, summer is coming to an end // stava per piangere, she was on the verge of tears; stavo proprio per telefonarti, I was just about to phone you; stavano per partire quando scoppiò il temporale, they were on the point of leaving when the storm broke; stava per essere travolto da un'auto, he was nearly run over; l'anno che sta per iniziare sarà un anno importante per tutti, the year that's about to begin will be an important one for everybody; si avverte la clientela che il negozio sta per chiudere, customers are reminded that the store is about to close13 starci, ( essere contenuto) to go*; ( esserci spazio per) to have room for; (fam.) ( acconsentire) to count (s.o.) in: il 2 nel 4 ci sta due volte, 2 goes into 4 two times; in questo cinema ci sta molta gente, there is room for a great many people in this cinema; non ci sta più niente, there is no more room; non riesco a farcene stare di più, I can't get any more in; se volete giocare a carte ci sto, if you want to play cards, count me in; se si presenta come candidato non ci sto, if he's going to be a candidate I won't go along with it // è una ragazza che ci sta, she's an easy girl.1 se ne stava solo soletto, he was all alone2 ( astenersi) (non com.) to refrain (from doing): se ne stette dal rispondere, he refrained from giving any answer.* * *['stare] 1.1) (rimanere) to stay, to remainstare al sole, sotto la pioggia — to stay in the sun, out in the rain
stare fuori, in casa — to stay out, (at) home
2) (vivere) to live; (temporanamente) to stay3) (trovarsi in un luogo) to be*4) (essere in una particolare posizione, condizione) to stay, to remainstare fermo — to keep o stand still
stare in piedi — [ persona] to stand up
stare sdraiato sul divano — to be lying on the sofa; (di salute)
stare bene, male — to be o feel well, ill
stai bene? — are you well o all right?
come stai? — how are you? (economicamente)
stare bene — to be well off; (andare bene)
se è pericoloso non mi sta bene — if it's dangerous you can count me out; (convenirsi)
non sta bene mangiarsi le unghie — it's bad manners to eat one's fingernails; (addirsi)
il giallo sta bene con il blu — yellow looks pretty against the blue; (trovarsi bene)
stare bene con qcn. — to be well in with sb
5) (spettare)sta a te, lui fare — it's up to you, him to do
6) (attenersi)stare ai fatti — to keep o stick to facts
stando alle ultime informazioni — according to the latest information o intelligence
7) (consistere)la difficoltà sta in questo o qui the difficulty lies there; lo scopo dell'esercizio sta tutto qui — that's the whole point of the exercise
8) (essere, presentarsi) to be*stando così le cose — such o this being the case
10) (essere contenuto) to fit*11) mat.12) stare a13) stare constare con qcn. — (avere una relazione) to flirt with sb.; (coabitare) to live with sb.; (essere solidale) to be with sb
14) stare perstare per fare — (essere sul punto di) to be about to do
15) stare su colloq. (farsi coraggio)stare su (con la vita) — to keep one's chin up; (rimanere sveglio) to stay up
16) star(e) dietrostar(e) dietro a qcn. — (seguire) to follow sb. closely; (sorvegliare) to watch sb. closely; (fare la corte) to chase after sb
lascialo stare — leave him alone, let him be; (smettere di toccare)
lascia stare quella bici — leave that bike alone; (lasciare perdere)
lascia stare, pago io — no it's my treat
lascia stare, è un fastidio troppo grosso — leave it, it's too much trouble
18) starci (trovar posto) to fit* (in into); colloq. (essere d'accordo)d'accordo, ci sto! — OK, I'm game!
se state organizzando una gita, ci sto! — if you're organizing an outing, count me in! colloq. (concedersi)
2.è una che ci sta — she's an easy lay; colloq. (esserci)
verbo pronominale starsenestarsene a letto, a casa — to stay in bed, (at) home
••* * *stare/'stare/ [9](aus. essere)1 (rimanere) to stay, to remain; stare al sole, sotto la pioggia to stay in the sun, out in the rain; stare fuori, in casa to stay out, (at) home; stare al caldo to keep (oneself) warm; stare via to be away2 (vivere) to live; (temporanamente) to stay; stanno sopra un negozio they live above a shop; questo mese sto a casa di un amico this month I'm staying with a friend; andare a stare a Londra to move to London3 (trovarsi in un luogo) to be*; i libri stanno sul tavolo the books are on the table4 (essere in una particolare posizione, condizione) to stay, to remain; stare fermo to keep o stand still; stai fermo! hold still! stai comodo su quella sedia? are you comfortable in that chair? stare in piedi [ persona] to stand up; stare sdraiato sul divano to be lying on the sofa; (di salute) stare bene, male to be o feel well, ill; stai bene? are you well o all right? come stai? how are you? (economicamente) stare bene to be well off; (andare bene) lunedì ti sta bene? does Monday suit you? se è pericoloso non mi sta bene if it's dangerous you can count me out; (convenirsi) non sta bene mangiarsi le unghie it's bad manners to eat one's fingernails; (addirsi) il quadro starà bene nell'ufficio the picture will look good in the office; sta bene con quel vestito she looks pretty in that dress; mi sta bene? does it suit me? il giallo sta bene con il blu yellow looks pretty against the blue; (trovarsi bene) stare bene con qcn. to be well in with sb.5 (spettare) sta a te, lui fare it's up to you, him to do; sta a te scegliere it's your choice; non sta a te dirmi cosa devo fare! you can't tell me what to do!6 (attenersi) stare ai fatti to keep o stick to facts; stare ai patti to keep one's side of a bargain; stando a quel che dice if she's to be believed; stando alle apparenze to all outward appearances; stando alle ultime informazioni according to the latest information o intelligence7 (consistere) la difficoltà sta in questo o qui the difficulty lies there; lo scopo dell'esercizio sta tutto qui that's the whole point of the exercise8 (essere, presentarsi) to be*; stando così le cose such o this being the case; vedere le cose (così) come stanno to see things as they really are10 (essere contenuto) to fit*; i libri non stanno nella valigia the books don't fit in the suitcase11 mat. 2 sta a 3 come 4 sta a 6 2 is to 3 as 4 is to 612 stare a non stare a pensarci sopra! don't dwell on it! staremo a vedere! we'll see about that! sta a vedere che lo faranno! I bet they'll do it!13 stare con stare con qcn. (avere una relazione) to flirt with sb.; (coabitare) to live with sb.; (essere solidale) to be with sb.14 stare per stare per fare (essere sul punto di) to be about to do; stavo per telefonarti proprio ora I was just this minute going to phone you; stavo per cadere I nearly fell; sta per nevicare it's going to snow15 stare su colloq. (farsi coraggio) stare su (con la vita) to keep one's chin up; (rimanere sveglio) to stay up16 star(e) dietro star(e) dietro a qcn. (seguire) to follow sb. closely; (sorvegliare) to watch sb. closely; (fare la corte) to chase after sb.17 lasciare stare (non disturbare) lascialo stare leave him alone, let him be; (smettere di toccare) lascia stare quella bici leave that bike alone; (lasciare perdere) lascia stare, pago io no it's my treat; lascia stare, è un fastidio troppo grosso leave it, it's too much trouble18 starci (trovar posto) to fit* (in into); colloq. (essere d'accordo) d'accordo, ci sto! OK, I'm game! se state organizzando una gita, ci sto! if you're organizing an outing, count me in! colloq. (concedersi) è una che ci sta she's an easy lay; colloq. (esserci) oggi non ci sto con la testa I'm not really with it todayII starsene verbo pronominalestarsene a letto, a casa to stay in bed, (at) homestare sulle proprie to keep oneself to oneself. -
9 подобный
(см. также похожий) similar, similar to, similarly• В этом отношении он подобен... - In this respect it is similar to...• Во всех подобных экспериментах необходимо (применять и т. п.)... - In all such experiments it is necessary to...• Данная последовательность рассуждений подобна той, что... - The chain of reasoning is similar to that of...• Данная ситуация напоминает (= кажется подобной)... - The situation is reminiscent of...• Два треугольника являются подобными, если и только если их углы равны. - Two triangles are similar if and only if the triangles are equiangular.• Для большинства подобных проблем достаточно (установить и т. п.)... - For most such problems it is sufficient to...• Доказательство теоремы подобно доказательству теоремы 2. - The proof is similar to the proof of Theorem 2.• Другие случаи можно обсудить в подобной манере. - In a similar manner other cases may be discussed.• Заметьте, что данная аргументация весьма подобна (той, что)... - Note that the present argument is very similar to...• Используя любой подобный метод, необходимо (помнить и т. п.)... - With any method such as this it is necessary to...• Могло бы окзаться, что подобных элементов не существует, так что... - It may happen that no such elements exist, so that...• На самом деле, подобные неопределенные идеи не говорят нам ничего. - Such vague ideas really tell us nothing.• Нечто подобное могло бы быть проделано, даже если... - Something similar may be done even if...• Но подобное представление не должно рассматриваться в буквальном смысле. - But such a representation must not be taken literally.• Однако подобный подход не является удовлетворительным, поскольку... - Such an approach, however, is usually not satisfactory because...• Остальные элементы могут быть найдены подобным образом. - The remaining elements may be found similarly.• Оценки, подобные (3), легко получаются введением... - Estimates like (3) are easily obtained by introducing a...• Очевидно, что подобный результат справедлив (и) для... - Obviously a similar result is true for...• Парадоксы, подобные только что полученному, разрешаются (на основе и т. п.)... - Paradoxes such as the one just raised are resolved by...• Подобная связь (= подобное соотношение) существует между... - A similar connection exists between...• Подобная техника используется для... - A similar technique is used for...• Подобное (утверждение и т. п.) невозможно принять без дальнейшего обоснования. - One cannot, without further justification, accept such a...• Подобное возникает, если мы... - A related point arises if we...• Подобное заключение справедливо и в двойственном случае, когда... - A similar conclusion holds in the dual case where... i• Подобное обобщение возможно для... - A similar generalization is possible for...• Подобное преобразование называется... - Such an arrangement is called...• Подобное развитие событий происходит, когда... - A similar situation develops when...• Подобное рассуждение можно использовать, когда... - A similar argument can be used when...• Подобное рассуждение покажет нам... - A similar argument will show that...• Подобное соглашение принимается, когда... - A similar convention is used when...• Подобные выражения могут быть найдены для... - Similar expressions can be found for...• Подобные вычисления выявляют (= показывают), что... - Similar computations reveal that...• Подобные замечания имеют место, когда... - Similar remarks apply when...• Подобные повреждения могут привести к потере... - Such injuries can result in a loss of...• Подобные процессы просто не происходят. - Such processes simply do not occur.• Подобные случаи могут описываться общим уравнением... - Such cases can be covered by the general equation...• Подобные эксперименты были произведены Смитом [1]. - Similar experiments have been conducted by Smith [1].• Подобные явления (= эффекты) не наблюдались в... - No such effects were observed in...• Подобный алгоритм молено применить для решения уравнения (1). - A similar process can be applied to (1).• Подобный аппарат называется... - Such a device is called a...• Подобный в некотором роде результат выполняется для... - A somewhat similar result holds for...• Подобный довод будет применяться, когда... - A similar argument will apply when...• Подобный метод применяется к/в... - A similar method applies to...• Подобным образом можно показать, что... - In like manner it can be shown that...• Подобным образом мы легко можем выписать уравнение... — In the same way we can easily write down the equation of...• Подобным образом мы можем... - In this manner we can...• Подобным образом мы можем определить... - We can, in a similar way, define...(= оставшиеся) члены, мы получаем... - Transforming the remaining terms in a similar manner, we obtain...• Процесс, изображенный на рис. 1, подобен... - The process, shown in Fig. 1, is similar to...• Рассматривая этот и подобные эксперименты, обнаруживают, что... - From this and similar experiments it is found that...• Совершенно подобным образом можно показать, что... - It can be shown by an exactly similar process that...• Это выражение в некотором роде подобно... - This expression is somewhat similar to...• Это оказывается подобным... - This appears to be similar to... -
10 revelar
v.1 to reveal.se negó a revelar la localización de la bomba he refused to reveal o disclose the whereabouts of the bombEllos revelan los secretos They reveal the secrets.2 to show.3 to develop (photography).María revela el rollo de película Mary develops the film.4 to reveal to.Esto reveló ser un beneficio This revealed to be a benefit.* * *1 to reveal, disclose2 (fotos) to develop* * *verb1) to reveal, disclose, unfold2) develop* * *1. VT1) (=descubrir) to revealno quiso revelar su identidad — he did not want to reveal o disclose his identity, he did not want to identify himself
revelar un secreto — to reveal o give away a secret
2) frm (=evidenciar) to reveal, showsu expresión revelaba desprecio — his expression revealed o showed contempt
3) (Fot) to develop2.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1) <secreto/verdad> to reveal2) (Cin, Fot) to develop2.revelarse v pron to show oneself* * *1.verbo transitivo1) <secreto/verdad> to reveal2) (Cin, Fot) to develop2.revelarse v pron to show oneself* * *revelar11 = belie, betray, give away, manifest, reveal, throw up, unlock, disclose, divulge, unveil, go + public, lay + bare, bring to + light, throw + light on, illuminate, bare, hold + clue.Ex: But Stanton kew that this remark belied James' impatience with the situation.
Ex: Deliberately to pay less attention to a query because it comes from the mayor of the city, or the chairman of the company, or the vice-chancellor of the university, would betray a perversity foreign to the normal well-adjusted librarian.Ex: The part chosen should have a unity of its own, a wholeness that offers a complete experience without at the same time giving away everything.Ex: A catalog, on the other hand, should manifest the attributes of a data base.Ex: A study of the major general schemes reveals a wide gulf between theory, as outlined in the previous chapter, and practice, as reflected in the major schemes.Ex: Demands from clients will often throw up an occurrence of similar problems, revealing perhaps the operation of an injustice, the lack of an amenity in the neighbourhood, or simply bureaucratic inefficiency.Ex: NTIS is a key partner in unlocking the world's technology.Ex: In the cafeteria, she disclosed to him what had happened at her meeting with Jay.Ex: Wittingly or unwittingly, they mask other questions that users do not know how to ask or are uncertain that they want to divulge to someone else.Ex: Here is an institution which knows, neither rank nor wealth within its walls, which stops the ignorant peer or the ignorant monarch at its threshold, and declines to unveil to him its treasures, or to waste time upon him, and yet welcomes the workman according to his knowledge or thirst for knowledge.Ex: The article 'Can bibliotherapy go public?' advocates for the use of literature in the public library for total development and growth.Ex: The aim of this article is to lay bare the causes of this state of affairs.Ex: Her editorial does an excellent job of bringing to light the issues facing libraries, authors, and library patrons regarding the possibility and desirability of a single international copyright law.Ex: It may be that a study of such associations might throw further light on the kinds of relationship we need to cater for in our index vocabularies.Ex: This appraisal attempts to illuminate aspects of Irish library history omitted from international reference works.Ex: The judge ruled that a magazine that published a photograph of a woman baring her breasts at a pig roast did not intrude on her privacy.Ex: To reconstruct palaeoclimates, palaeoclimatologists analyse tree rings, ice cores, sea sediments and even rock strata which may hold clues to the state of the climate millions of years ago.* historia + revelar = story + unfold.* no revelar información = keep + silent, keep + silence.* no revelar nada a nadie = lips + seal.* obras que revelan un escándalo = exposé.* revelar Algo = break + the news.* revelar detalles = give away + details.* revelar el secreto de = lift + the curtain on.* revelar la solución = unveil + the solution.* revelar la verdad = reveal + the truth.* revelar + Posesivo + verdadera identidad = blow + Posesivo + cover.* revelarse = unfold, come to + light.* revelarse ante + Posesivo + ojos = unfold before + Posesivo + eyes.* revelar secretos = reveal + secrets.* revelar un secreto = spill + secret, spill + the beans, tell + a secret, let + the cat out of the bag, blow + the gaff.* sin revelar = undisclosed, unrevealed.revelar22 = develop.Ex: In order to render the image visible, the copy paper must be developed.
* * *revelar [A1 ]vtA ‹secreto/verdad› to revealreveló sus intenciones she revealed her intentionseste informe revela que tienen problemas económicos this report shows o reveals that they have financial problemsto show oneselfse revela en esta obra como un gran narrador in this book he shows himself to be a great storyteller, in this book he reveals his talent as a storytellerse reveló como una actriz de gran talento she proved herself to be a very talented actress* * *
revelar ( conjugate revelar) verbo transitivo
b) (Cin, Fot) to develop
revelar verbo transitivo
1 (un conocimiento, secreto) to reveal, disclose
2 (mostrar) to reveal, betray: eso revela que no tiene interés, that shows he's not interested
3 Fot (un carrete) to develop
' revelar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
descubrir
- desvelar
English:
away
- bare
- betray
- develop
- disclose
- divulge
- expose
- give away
- hand
- hold back
- let out
- process
- proclaim
- reveal
- show up
- turn up
- unfold
- unveil
- withhold
- give
- hold
- let
- throw
- uncover
* * *♦ vt1. [descubrir] to reveal;se negó a revelar la localización de la bomba he refused to reveal o disclose the whereabouts of the bomb2. [manifestar] to show;sus acciones revelan una gran generosidad his actions show great generosity3. Fot to develop* * *v/t FOT develop* * *revelar vt1) : to reveal, to disclose2) : to develop (film)* * *revelar vb1. (fotos) to develop2. (secreto) to reveal -
11 ὅπως
ὅπως (Hom.+)① as adv. marker of the manner in which an event develops, how, that (B-D-F §300, 1; Rob. 985) w. the aor. ind. (Jos., Bell. 1, 6; 17) ὅπως τε παρέδωκαν αὐτὸν οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς Lk 24:20; w. the pres. ind. (Pherecrates Com. [V B.C.], Fgm. 45 K.; Tat. 22, 2 ὅπως δεῖ μοιχεύειν) ὅπως κολάζονται 2 Cl 17:7. But here the mng. of ὅπως prob. shows a development analogous to that of πῶς in colloq. usage, which comes to resemble ὡς (so Lk 24:20 D)= ὅτι= that (X., Hier. 9, 1; Diod S 11, 46, 3; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 6, 2; BGU 846, 16 [II A.D.] γνοῦναι, ὅπως ὀφείλω=‘to know that I owe’; Dssm., LO 155, 26 [LAE 179, 28]; B-D-F §396; s. Rob. 1045).② as a conj. marker expressing purpose for an event or state, (in order) that w. the subj. (the transition fr. 1 to 2 is observable SIG 741, 23), predom. the aor. (the fut. ind. [as early as Homer; freq. in V B.C. and later: Andocides 1, 43; Demosth. 19, 316; Herodas 7, 90; s. Meisterhans3-Schw. 255, 32; Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 16 p. 398, 5 Jac.; Hero Alex. I 368, 23 ὅπ. κινήσει; TestAbr B 1 p. 105, 4=Stone p. 58; TestJob 18:2; Jos., Ant. 11, 101] is given in several places as v.l. [e.g. Mt 26:59], but prob. should be changed everywhere to the aor. subj.).ⓐ with numerous types of verbs (in order) that, neg. ὅπ. μή in order that … not (B-D-F §369; Rob. 985–87).α. without ἄν (this is the rule) after a pres. (ApcSed 16:2; Ar. 9:6; Just., A I, 47, 6 al.) Mt 5:45 (impv.); 6:2, 5; Hb 9:15; 1 Pt 2:9; 2 Cl 9:6. After a perf. Ac 9:17; Hb 2:9; Lk 16:26 (w. μή). After the impf. Ac 9:24. After the aor. vss. 2, 12; 20:16 (w. μή); 25:26; Ro 9:17ab (Ex 9:16); 1 Cor 1:29 (w. μή); Gal 1:4; 1 Cl 10:2; 35:4; after the aor. impv. (TestAbr B 13 p. 117, 12 [Stone p. 82]; TestReub 1:4; JosAs 24:5; after the aor. ptc. Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 1 Jac.) Mt 2:8; 5:16; 6:4, 18 (w. μή); Ac 23:15, 23; 2 Cor 8:11 (here γένηται or ᾖ is to be supplied as the predicate of the ὅπως-clause); GJs 21:2 codd.; AcPlCor 2:16. After the plpf. J 11:57 (ὅπως is found only here in J, prob. for variety’s sake, since ἵνα is used a few words before). After the fut. Mt 23:35. In accord w. God’s purpose as revealed in Scripture, an event can be presented w. the formula (this or that has happened) ὅπ. πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ τ. προφητῶν (and sim. exprs.) Mt 2:23; 8:17; 12:17 v.l.; 13:35.—Alternating w. ἵνα (s. also J 11:57 above) 2 Cor 8:14; Lk 16:27f (the ἵνα-clause gives the content of the plea; the ὅπως-clause gives the purpose of the gift requested; so also Ex 23:20; TestAbr B 10 p. 114, 10 [Stone p. 76]; ApcMos 29; Just., D. 108, 1); 2 Th 1:11f (the ἵνα-clause gives the content, the ὅπως-clause the purpose of the prayer).β. with ἄν and the aor. subj. (B-D-F §369, 5; Rdm.2 194; Rob. 986; EHermann, Die Nebensätze in d. griech. Dialekten 1912, 276f; JKnuenz, De enuntiatis Graecorum finalibus 1913, 13ff; 26ff; Meisterhans3-Schw. 254; Mayser II/1 p. 254 f.—X., Cyr. 8, 3, 6 ἐπιμεληθῆναι ὅπως ἂν οὕτω γένηται; Pla., Gorg. 523d; PSI 435, 19 [258 B.C.]; 438, 19; PMagd 23, 7; LXX) Mt 6:5 v.l.; Lk 2:35; Ac 3:20; 15:17 (Am 9:12 v.l.); Ro 3:4 (Ps 50:6).ⓑ more and more replacing the inf. after verbs of asking that (B-D-F §392, 1) αἰτέομαι (Jos., Ant. 19, 288) Ac 25:3. δέομαι (Ps.-Aeschines, Ep. 3, 1; Par Jer 7, 24; 32; ApcMos 9 al.; Jos., Ant. 7, 191; 9, 9) Mt 9:38; Lk 10:2; Ac 8:24 (w. μή). ἐρωτάω (PTebt 409, 4 ff [5 A.D.]) Lk 7:3; 11:37; Ac 23:20. παρακαλέω (Jos., Ant. 8, 143) Mt 8:34 (v.l. ἵνα). προσεύχομαι or εὔχομαι (cp. PGM 3, 107; Jon 1:6; Jos., Ant. 11, 17) Ac 8:15; Js 5:16. So perh. also Phlm 6, where ὅπ. could be thought of as depending on προσεύχομαι derived in sense fr. vs. 4, unless ὅπως here=ὥστε (Archimed. I p. 16, 18 Heiberg ὅπως γένηται τὸ ἐπίταγμα al.).—Likew. after verbs of deciding (LXX) συμβούλιον λαμβάνειν ὅπ. resolve to Mt 12:14; 22:15 (D πῶς), where many scholars prefer the transl. consult with a view to. Also συμβούλιον διδόναι ὅπ. Mk 3:6.—DELG s.v. πο-. M-M. -
12 καλέω
καλέω impf. ἐκάλουν; fut. καλέσω (LXX; JosAs 17:5; 20:6; Jos., Ant. 11, 266.—W-S. §13, 5; B-D-F §74, 1; Mlt-H. 242); 1 aor. ἐκάλεσα; pf. κέκληκα. Mid.: fut. 3 sg. καλέσεται (Just., D. 43, 5). Pass. 1 fut. κληθῆσομαι (W-S. §15); 2 fut. 3 sg. κεκλήσεται Lev 13:45; Hos 12:1; 1 aor. ἐκλήθην; pf. κέκλημαι (Hom.+).① to identify by name or attribute, call, call by name, nameⓐ call (to someone) abs., with naming implied (opp. ὑπακούειν; cp. PHamb 29, 3 [89 A.D.] κληθέντων τινῶν καὶ μὴ ὑπακουσάντων; Just., D. 136, 2 οὔτε καλοῦντος αὐτοῦ ἀνέχεσθε οὔτε λαλοῦντος ἀκούετε) of God ἐκάλουν καὶ οὐχ ὑπηκούσατε 1 Cl 57:4 (Pr 1:24); w. obj. τὰ ἴδια πρόβατα καλεῖ κατʼ ὄνομα J 10:3 v.l.ⓑ call, address as, designate as w. double acc. (Just., D. 3, 5 θεὸν σὺ τί καλεῖς; Hippol., Ref. 6, 20, 1) αὐτὸν καλῶμεν κύριον 2 Cl 4:1; cp. Mt 22:43, 45; 23:9 (here the sense supplies the second acc.: you are to call no one your father); Lk 20:44; Ac 14:12; Ro 9:25; Hb 2:11; 1 Pt 1:17 P72; 3:6. A voc. can take the place of the second acc. τί με καλεῖτε κύριε, κύριε; Lk 6:46. Pass. καλεῖσθαι ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ῥαββί Mt 23:7. ὑμεῖς μὴ κληθῆτε ῥαββί you are not to have people call you ‘rabbi’ vs. 8; vs. 10. Cp. Lk 22:25; Js 2:23. ὁ οἶκός μου οἶκος προσευχῆς κληθήσεται Mt 21:13; Mk 11:17 (both Is 56:7). κληθήσονται υἱοὶ θεοῦ Ro 9:26 (Hos 2:1).ⓒ name, provide with a name w. double acc. (Iren. 1, 1, 1 [Harv. I 8, 3]) ἐκάλουν αὐτὸ … Ζαχαρίαν they were for naming him Z. Lk 1:59 (on ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι τ. πατρός after his father[’s name] cp. 1 Esdr 5:38; Sir 36:11 and s. Hs 9, 17, 4).—Pass. be given a name, be named (Jos., Ant. 1, 34) κληθήσεται Ἰωάννης his name is to be John Lk 1:60; cp. vs. 62. σὺ κληθήσῃ Κηφᾶς J 1:42. Also of localities Mt 27:8; Ac 1:19; ApcPt Rainer (s. Ἀχερουσία).—Have as a name, be called (Lucian, Jud. Voc. 7 Λυσίμαχος ἐκαλεῖτο; Just., D. 1, 3 Τρύφων…καλοῦμαι; 63, 5 Χριστιανοὶ … καλούμεθα) ὸ̔ς καλεῖται τ. ὀνόματι τούτῳ who bears this name Lk 1:61. Also of localities (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 70 §289; 3, 91 §374; SIG 599, 5 τὸ φρούριον ὸ̔ καλεῖται Κάριον; Just., A I, 59, 6 τὸ καλούμενον Ἔρεβος) πόλις Δαυὶδ ἥτις καλεῖται Βηθλέεμ Lk 2:4. Cp. Ac 28:1; Rv 11:8.—Lk, Ac, Rv, GPt add to a pers. or thing the name or surname which he, she, or it bears, by means of the pres. pass. ptc. (cp. SIG 685, 39 νῆσον τὴν καλουμένην Λεύκην; 826e 22; 1063, 5; PPetr II, 45 II, 20; BGU 1000, 6; PCairGoodsp 9, 4; O. Wilck II, 1210, 4). The name: ἀδελφὴ καλουμένη Μαριάμ a sister named Mary Lk 10:39 (PCairMasp 23, 16 τ. ἀδελφὴν καλουμένην Πρόκλαν; TestJob 48:1 ἡ καλουμένη Ἡμέρα). Cp. 19:2; Ac 7:58; Rv 19:11, also 12:9. πόλις καλουμένη Ν. Lk 7:11; cp. 9:10; 19:29; 21:37; 23:33; Ac 1:12; 3:11; 8:10; 9:11; 10:1; 27:8, 14, 16; Rv 1:9; 16:16; GPt 6:24. The surname (2 Macc 10:12 Πτολεμαῖος ὁ καλούμενος Μάκρων; 1 Macc 3:1; Jos., Ant. 13, 367; TestJob 1:1 Ιωβ τοῦ καλουμένου Ιωβαβ): Σίμων ὁ κ. ζηλωτής Simon the Zealot Lk 6:15. Cp. 1:36; 8:2; 22:3 (s. ἐπικαλέω 2); Ac 1:23; 13:1; 15:22 (s. ἐπικαλέω), 37.—The example of the OT (Gen 17:19; 1 Km 1:20; Hos 1:9; 1 Macc 6:17) has influenced the expr. καλεῖν τὸ ὄνομά τινος, w. the name added in the acc. καλέσεις τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἰησοῦν Mt 1:21; GJs 11:3; 14:2. Cp. Mt 1:23 (Is 7:14), 25; Lk 1:13, 31. Pass. Lk 2:21; Rv 19:13.ⓓ Very oft. the emphasis is to be placed less on the fact that names are such and such, than on the fact that the bearers of the name actually are what the name says about them. The pass. be named thus approaches closely the mng. to be, and it must be left to the sensitivity of the interpreter whether this transl. is to be attempted in any individual case (Quint. Smyrn. 14, 434 οὔτʼ ἔτι σεῖο κεκλήσομαι=I do not wish any longer to be yours, i.e. your daughter). Among such pass. are these: Ναζωραῖος κληθήσεται he is to be a Nazarene Mt 2:23. υἱοὶ θεοῦ κληθήσονται 5:9; cp. vs. 19ab. υἱὸς ὑψίστου κληθήσεται (in parallelism w. ἔσται μέγας) Lk 1:32; so GJs 11:3, but without the ref. to greatness; cp. Lk 1:35, 76; 2:23. οὐκέτι εἰμὶ ἄξιος κληθῆναι υἱός σου 15:19, 21. οὐκ εἰμὶ ἱκανὸς καλεῖσθαι ἀπόστολος 1 Cor 15:9. ἵνα τέκνα θεοῦ κληθῶμεν, καί ἐσμέν that we should be called children of God; and so we really are 1J 3:1 (sim. Eur., Ion 309 τ. θεοῦ καλοῦμαι δοῦλος εἰμί τε; cp. Just., D. 123, 9; καλεῖσθαι beside εἶναι as Plut., Demetr. 900 [25, 6]). οἱ κεκλημένοι ἐν ὀνόματι κυρίου those who are identified by the Lord’s name i.e. as Christians Hs 8, 1, 1. ἄχρις οὗ τὸ σήμερον καλεῖται as long as it is called ‘today’, as long as ‘today’ lasts Hb 3:13 (WLorimer, NTS 12, ’66, 390f, quoting Pla., Phd. 107c).—Here we may also class ἐν Ἰσαὰκ κληθήσεταί σοι σπέρμα in (through) Isaac you are to have your descendants Ro 9:7 and Hb 11:18 (Gen 21:12).② to request the presence of someone at a social gathering, invite (Hom. et al.; pap; 2 Km 13:23; Esth 5:12; ISardRobert 1, ’64, p. 9, lines 1–4) τινά someone εἰς (τοὺς) γάμους to the wedding (Diod S 4, 70, 3; POxy 1487, 1 καλεῖ σε Θέων εἰς τοὺς γάμους) Mt 22:9; Lk 14:8, cp. vs. 10 (Syn. ἐρωτάω; s. three texts, invitations to the κλινή of Sarapis [ZPE 1, ’67, 121–26], two w. ἐ. and one w. καλέω New Docs 1, 5–9; on Luke’s compositional use of the meal context, s. XdeMeeûs, ETL 37, ’61, 847–70; cp. J 2:2; Rv 19:9. Abs. invite τινά someone 1 Cor 10:27 (Diog. L. 7, 184 of Chrysippus: ἐπὶ θυσίαν [sacrificial meal] ὑπὸ τῶν μαθητῶν κληθῆναι); priests to a child’s birthday GJs 6:2. Cp. Lk 7:39; 14:9, 12f, 16. οἱ κεκλημένοι the invited guests (Damox. Com. [IV/III B.C.] Fgm. 2, 26 K. in Athen. 3, 59, 102c τ. κεκλημένον; Jos., Ant. 6, 48; 52); Mt 22:3b (οἱ κεκλημένοι εἰς τ. γάμους as Diphilus Com. [IV/III B.C.] Fgm. 17, 1), 4, 8; Lk 14:7, 17; cp. vs. 24. ὁ κεκληκώς, the host 14:10 (s. above).—If αὐτοῦ Mk 2:15 refers to Jesus’ home, κ. in vs. 17 registers the double sense of an invitation to dinner and receipt of Messianic benefits, w. Jesus as host (s. AMcNeile, Mt ’57, 118); difft. Lk 5:27–32, s. 4 below. Of a follow-up invitation to guests upon completion of banquet preparations Mt 22:3a (cp. 3b below).③ to use authority to have a person or group appear, summonⓐ call together τινάς people: Workers to be paid Mt 20:8. Slaves to receive orders 25:14; Lk 19:13. Shepherds GJs 4:3. τὰς θυγατέρας τῶν Ἑβραίων for Mary’s diversion 6:1; 7:2. τὰς παρθένους Ox 404 recto, 21 (Hs 113, 5); GJs 10:1. Guests Mt 22:3a (s. 2 end).ⓑ summon τινά someone (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 82 §347; 4, 86 §362; 1 Macc 1:6) ἀπέστειλαν πρὸς αὐτὸν καλοῦντες αὐτόν they sent to him to summon him Mk 3:31. Cp. Mt 2:7; 22:3a. Of Joseph ἐκάλεσεν αὐτήν GJs 13:2 (for the context cp. Mt 1:18f). Of God: the Israelites fr. Egypt (as a type of Christ) Mt 2:15.— Call upon (Himerius, Or. 48 [=Or. 14], 10; 4 Macc 3:19) Hb 11:8.ⓒ a legal t.t. call in, summon before a court (oft. pap) τινά someone (Jos., Ant. 14, 169) Ac 4:18; 24:2.—The transition to mng. 4 is well illustrated by Mt 4:21; Mk 1:20; Papias (8), where the summons is also a call to discipleship.④ From the mngs. ‘summon’ and ‘invite’ there develops the extended sense choose for receipt of a special benefit or experience, call (Paus. 10, 32, 13 οὓς ἂν ἡ ῏Ισις καλέσῃ διʼ ἐνυπνίων; Ael. Aristid. 30, 9 K.=10 p. 116 D.: ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ κληθείς) καλούμενος ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ Hb 5:4. τινὰ εἴς τι someone to someth., in the usage of the NT, as well as that of the LXX, of the choice of pers. for salvation: God (much more rarely Christ) calls εἰς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ βασιλείαν καὶ δόξαν 1 Th 2:12; εἰς τὴν αἰώνιον αὐτοῦ δόξαν 1 Pt 5:10. εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον 1 Ti 6:12. εἰς κοινωνίαν τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ to fellowship with his son 1 Cor 1:9. ἐκ σκότους εἰς τὸ αὐτοῦ φῶς from darkness to his light 1 Pt 2:9. ἀπὸ σκότους εἰς φῶς 1 Cl 59:2. διὰ τ. χάριτος αὐτοῦ Gal 1:15. for this God called you through our proclamation, namely to obtain the glory 2 Th 2:14; cp. 1 Th 2:12. καλέσαντι … εἰς τὴν μερίδα τοῦ κλήρους τῶν ἁγίων Col 1:12 v.l. (for ἱκανώσαντι). Without further modification Ro 8:30; 9:24; 1 Cor 7:17f, 20–22, 24; Eph 1:11 v.l.; 2 Cl 9:5; 10:1.—κ. κλήσει ἁγίᾳ call with a holy calling 2 Ti 1:9. ἀξίως τῆς κλήσεως ἧς (attraction, instead of ἣν) ἐκλήθητε worthily of the calling by which you were called Eph 4:1 (on the constr. s. W-S. §24, 4b; Rob. 478). Of God: ὁ καλῶν τινά Gal 5:8; 1 Th 5:24. Abs. ὁ καλῶν Ro 9:12. ὁ καλέσας τινά Gal 1:6; 1 Pt 1:15; 2 Pt 1:3. Likew. of Christ ὁ καλέσας τινά 2 Cl 5:1 (Just., A I, 15, 7). Pass. οἱ κεκλημένοι those who are called Hb 9:15. κεκλημένοι ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ διʼ αὐτοῦ (=Ἰ. Χρ.) 1 Cl 65:2. οἱ κεκλημένοι ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ (=υἱοῦ τ. θεοῦ) Hs 9, 14, 5. οἱ κληθέντες Hm 4, 3, 4. S. also 1d.—More closely defined: ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ B 14:7 (Is 42:6). ἐπʼ ἐλευθερίᾳ (s. ἐλευθερία) Gal 5:13. οὐκ ἐπὶ ἀκαθαρσίᾳ ἀλλʼ ἐν ἁγιασμῷ not for impurity, but in consecration 1 Th 4:7. ἐν εἰρήνῃ in peace 1 Cor 7:15. ἐκλήθητε ἐν μιᾷ ἐλπίδι τῆς κλήσεως ὑμῶν you were called in the one hope that you share in your call Eph 4:4. ἡμεῖς διὰ θελήματος αὐτου (=θεοῦ) ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ κληθέντες 1 Cl 32:4. εἰς εἰρήνην τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐν ἐνὶ σώματι Col 3:15. ἐν τῇ σαρκί 2 Cl 9:4. ἐν Ἰσαάκ Hb 11:18 (=Ro 9:7). πόθεν ἐκλήθημεν καὶ ὑπὸ τίνος καὶ εἰς ὸ̔ν τόπον 2 Cl 1:2. εἰς τοῦτο ἵνα for this reason, that 1 Pt 3:9; cp. 2:21. Of Christ: οὐκ ἦλθον καλέσαι δικαίους ἀλλὰ ἁμαρτωλούς (+ εἰς μετάνοιαν v.l.) Mt 9:13; Mk 2:17 (on a prob. double sense in this pass. s. 2); 2 Cl 2:4; cp. vs. 7 (cp. Just., A I, 40, 7 εἰς μετάνοιαν καλεῖ πάντας ὁ θεός); Lk 5:32 (ἐλήλυθα … εἰς μετάνοιαν). Of God: ἐκάλεσεν ἡμᾶς οὐκ ὄντας he called us when we did not exist 2 Cl 1:8. ὁ καλῶν τὰ μὴ ὄντα ὡς ὄντα the one who calls into being what does not exist Ro 4:17 (Philo, Spec. Leg. 4, 187 τὰ μὴ ὄντα ἐκάλεσεν εἰς τὸ εἶναι; cp. Is 41:4; 48:13).—Of the call to an office by God Hb 5:4.—JHempel, Berufung u. Bekehrung (also GBeer Festschr.) ’35; HWildberger, Jahwes Eigentumsvolk ’60.—B. 1276. DELG. EDNT. M-M. TW. -
13 cada
adj.1 each.cada dos meses every two monthscada cosa a su tiempo one thing at a timecada cual each one, everyone¿cada cuánto? how often?cada uno de each ofcada uno a lo suyo everyone should get on with their own businesscada vez every time, each time2 such.¡se pone cada sombrero! she wears such hats!¡tiene cada cosa! the things he comes up with!3 such unlikely, such.* * *► adjetivo1 (de dos) each; (de varios) every■ cada uno lleva su abrigo they're each wearing their coat, each of them is wearing his coat2 familiar (intensificador) such■ ¡dice cada cosa! he says such strange things!■ ¡le pegó cada grito! she really shouted at him!\a cada cual lo suyo (recibir) everyone should get their fair share 2 (pagar) everyone should pay their own waya cada paso at every step¿cada cuánto? how often?■ ¿cada cuánto vais al cine? how often do you go to the cinema?cada día every daycada vez más more and more, increasingly* * *adj.1) each2) every•- cada vez mejor* * *ADJ INV1) [uso distributivo] [con elementos individuales] each; [con números, tiempo] everyhan aumentado los beneficios en todos y cada uno de los sectores — profits have risen in each and every sector
cada cual busca la felicidad como quiere — we all seek o each one of us seeks happiness in our own way
2) [indicando frecuencia] everycada cierto tiempo — every so often, every now and then
cada dos días — every couple of days, every other day
•
¿cada cuánto tiempo? — how often?•
cada vez que — whenever, every time (that)cada vez que voy al extranjero — whenever o every time (that) I go abroad
cada dos por tres sonaba el teléfono — the phone rang every other minute o all the time
3) [indicando progresión]encontrar trabajo es cada vez más difícil — finding a job is increasingly difficult o is (getting) more and more difficult
4) [uso enfático]¡tienes cada cosa! — the things you come out with!
¡oye una cada historia! — the things you hear nowadays!
CADA ► Cada se traduce por each cuando queremos individualizar, cuando se conocen o se le quiere dar importancia a los elementos dentro del grupo: A cada miembro del personal se le asignó una tarea específica Each member of staff was allocated a specific task Quiero tener una charla con cada uno de vosotros I want to have a chat with each of you ► Se traduce por every cuando el número de elementos del grupo no se conoce o no importa, cuando se está generalizando: Cada empresa funciona de una manera distinta Every company works differently Cada día me dice una cosa diferente Every day he tells me something different Cada vez que viene nos trae un regalo Every time he comes he brings us a present En expresiones como cada dos meses/cada tres años {etc}, cada se traduce por every: Se hace una revisión cada tres meses He has a check-up every three months ► Cuando hablamos solo de dos cosas o personas, cada solamente se puede traducir por each: Es importante que cada gemelo desarrolle su propia personalidad It is important that each twin develops his own personality Cuando each o every forman parte del sujeto, el verbo va en singular. Para otros usos y ejemplos ver la entrada¡se compra cada coche! — you should see the cars he buys!
* * *adjetivo invariable1)a) ( con énfasis en el individuo o cosa particular) each; ( con énfasis en la totalidad del conjunto) everycada día — every day, each day
cada dos días — every other day, every two days
¿cada cuánto viene? — how often does she come?
cuestan $25 cada uno — they cost $25 each
cada uno or cada cual sabe qué es lo que más le conviene — everyone o each individual knows what's best for him or her
b) ( delante de numeral) every2)a) ( indicando progresión)hace cada día más calor — it's getting hotter every day o by the day
b) (fam) ( con valor ponderativo)tienes cada idea...! — the things you come out with!
* * *= each, every.Ex. Both these hosts offers around thirty-five data bases each.Ex. The directory is a finding list which lists for every field its tag, the number of characters in the field, and the starting character position of the field within the record.----* a cada rato = every so often, every now and then, every now and again.* cada año = annually, on a yearly basis, year-on-year, yearly.* cada caso por separado = on a case-by-case basis.* cada cierto tiempo = episodic, every so often, every now and then, every now and again.* cada cinco minutos = every five minutes.* cada cual por su cuenta = every man for himself.* cada cuando = every so often, every now and then, every now and again, every once in a while.* cada cuantos + Nombre = every few + Nombre.* cada día = every day.* cada día que pasa = each passing day.* cada diez años = ten-yearly, decennially.* cada dos = every other.* cada dos años = biennially.* cada dos días = every other day.* cada dos minutos = every other minute.* cada dos por tres = all the time, now and again, often [oftener -comp., oftenest -sup.], frequently, every other minute, every five minutes, every few minutes.* cada dos semanas = biweekly [bi-weekly].* cada hora = hourly.* cada pocos años = every few years.* cada seis meses = six-monthly.* cada semana = weekly.* cada tanto = every so often, every now and then, every now and again, every once in a while.* cada tantos minutos = every few minutes.* cada tantos + Período de Tiempo = every few + Período de Tiempo.* cada tanto tiempo = every so often, every now and then, every now and again, every once in a while.* cada uno = apiece, each.* cada uno por separado = each one alone.* cada uno que se las apañe como pueda = every man for himself.* cada vez = at a time, each time, every time [everytime].* cada vez en mayor grado = ever-increasing.* cada vez más = ever-growing, ever-increasing, increasingly, more and more, progressively, ever more, mushrooming, ever greater, in increasing numbers, increasing.* cada vez más abultado = swelling.* cada vez más acelerado = accelerated.* cada vez más + Adjetivo = ever + Adjetivo Comparativo.* cada vez más alto = constantly rising, steadily rising, steadily growing.* cada vez más amplio = ever-widening.* cada vez más avanzado = fast-moving.* cada vez más desarrollado = fast-developing.* cada vez más estricto = tightening.* cada vez más extendido = spreading.* cada vez más fácil = ever easier.* cada vez más lejos = further and further.* cada vez más + Participio = ever + Gerundio.* cada vez más pruebas = accumulating evidence.* cada vez más rápido = ever faster, accelerated.* cada vez más restringido = tightening.* cada vez más tenue = fading.* cada vez más viejo = aging [ageing].* cada vez mayor = escalating, ever-growing, ever-increasing, expanded, growing, increasing, mounting, rising, spiralling [spiraling, -USA], deepening, rapidly growing, expanding, constantly rising, swelling, ever larger [ever-larger], galloping, steadily rising, steadily growing, mushrooming, ever greater, rapidly expanding, ever-widening, burgeoning, heightening.* cada vez mejor = from strength to strength.* cada vez menor = decreasing, dwindling, diminishing, thinning, fading, waning, declining, falling, shrinking, receding, sinking, ebbing, descending.* cada vez menos = less and less.* cada vez mucho mayor = fast-increasing, exploding.* cada vez peor = worsening.* con una pierna a cada lado de = astride.* de cada + Número + veces + Número = Número + times out of + Número.* demanda cada vez menor = falling demand.* desajuste cada vez mayor entre... y = widening of the gap beween.... and, widening gap between... and.* desajuste cada vez menor entre... y = narrowing gap between... and, narrowing of the gap between... and.* diferencia cada vez mayor entre... y = widening of the gap beween.... and, widening gap between... and.* diferencia cada vez menor entre... y = narrowing gap between... and, narrowing of the gap between... and.* disfrutar cada minuto de = enjoy + every minute of.* distanciamiento cada vez mayor entre... y = widening gap between... and, widening of the gap beween.... and.* el pan nuestro de cada día = all in a day's work.* ganarse el pan de cada día = get + Posesivo + bread, earn + Posesivo + bread, earn + Posesivo + bread and butter.* importancia cada vez mayor = growing importance, growing significance.* ir cada vez mejor = grow from + strength to strength, go + great guns.* población cada vez más envejecida = greying population [graying population].* preocupación cada vez mayor (por) = growing concern (about).* problema cada vez mayor = growing problem.* problemas cada vez mayores = mounting problems.* pruebas cada vez más concluyentes = mounting evidence.* qué es cada cosa = what is what.* separación cada vez mayor entre... y = widening gap between... and.* todos y cada uno = in full force, each and everyone.* todos y cada uno de = any and every, any and all.* todos y cada uno de + Adjetivo + Nombre = Pronombre + every + Nombre.* una necesidad cada vez mayor = a growing need.* una vez cada dos semanas = once a fortnight.* una vez cada quincena = once a fortnight.* un número cada vez mayor = growing numbers.* un número cada vez mayor de = a growing number of.* uno de cada cinco = one in five.* uno de cada cuatro = one in four.* uno de cada diez = one in ten.* uno de cada ocho = one in eight.* uno de cada tres = one in three.* * *adjetivo invariable1)a) ( con énfasis en el individuo o cosa particular) each; ( con énfasis en la totalidad del conjunto) everycada día — every day, each day
cada dos días — every other day, every two days
¿cada cuánto viene? — how often does she come?
cuestan $25 cada uno — they cost $25 each
cada uno or cada cual sabe qué es lo que más le conviene — everyone o each individual knows what's best for him or her
b) ( delante de numeral) every2)a) ( indicando progresión)hace cada día más calor — it's getting hotter every day o by the day
b) (fam) ( con valor ponderativo)tienes cada idea...! — the things you come out with!
* * *= each, every.Ex: Both these hosts offers around thirty-five data bases each.
Ex: The directory is a finding list which lists for every field its tag, the number of characters in the field, and the starting character position of the field within the record.* a cada rato = every so often, every now and then, every now and again.* cada año = annually, on a yearly basis, year-on-year, yearly.* cada caso por separado = on a case-by-case basis.* cada cierto tiempo = episodic, every so often, every now and then, every now and again.* cada cinco minutos = every five minutes.* cada cual por su cuenta = every man for himself.* cada cuando = every so often, every now and then, every now and again, every once in a while.* cada cuantos + Nombre = every few + Nombre.* cada día = every day.* cada día que pasa = each passing day.* cada diez años = ten-yearly, decennially.* cada dos = every other.* cada dos años = biennially.* cada dos días = every other day.* cada dos minutos = every other minute.* cada dos por tres = all the time, now and again, often [oftener -comp., oftenest -sup.], frequently, every other minute, every five minutes, every few minutes.* cada dos semanas = biweekly [bi-weekly].* cada hora = hourly.* cada pocos años = every few years.* cada seis meses = six-monthly.* cada semana = weekly.* cada tanto = every so often, every now and then, every now and again, every once in a while.* cada tantos minutos = every few minutes.* cada tantos + Período de Tiempo = every few + Período de Tiempo.* cada tanto tiempo = every so often, every now and then, every now and again, every once in a while.* cada uno = apiece, each.* cada uno por separado = each one alone.* cada uno que se las apañe como pueda = every man for himself.* cada vez = at a time, each time, every time [everytime].* cada vez en mayor grado = ever-increasing.* cada vez más = ever-growing, ever-increasing, increasingly, more and more, progressively, ever more, mushrooming, ever greater, in increasing numbers, increasing.* cada vez más abultado = swelling.* cada vez más acelerado = accelerated.* cada vez más + Adjetivo = ever + Adjetivo Comparativo.* cada vez más alto = constantly rising, steadily rising, steadily growing.* cada vez más amplio = ever-widening.* cada vez más avanzado = fast-moving.* cada vez más desarrollado = fast-developing.* cada vez más estricto = tightening.* cada vez más extendido = spreading.* cada vez más fácil = ever easier.* cada vez más lejos = further and further.* cada vez más + Participio = ever + Gerundio.* cada vez más pruebas = accumulating evidence.* cada vez más rápido = ever faster, accelerated.* cada vez más restringido = tightening.* cada vez más tenue = fading.* cada vez más viejo = aging [ageing].* cada vez mayor = escalating, ever-growing, ever-increasing, expanded, growing, increasing, mounting, rising, spiralling [spiraling, -USA], deepening, rapidly growing, expanding, constantly rising, swelling, ever larger [ever-larger], galloping, steadily rising, steadily growing, mushrooming, ever greater, rapidly expanding, ever-widening, burgeoning, heightening.* cada vez mejor = from strength to strength.* cada vez menor = decreasing, dwindling, diminishing, thinning, fading, waning, declining, falling, shrinking, receding, sinking, ebbing, descending.* cada vez menos = less and less.* cada vez mucho mayor = fast-increasing, exploding.* cada vez peor = worsening.* con una pierna a cada lado de = astride.* de cada + Número + veces + Número = Número + times out of + Número.* demanda cada vez menor = falling demand.* desajuste cada vez mayor entre... y = widening of the gap beween.... and, widening gap between... and.* desajuste cada vez menor entre... y = narrowing gap between... and, narrowing of the gap between... and.* diferencia cada vez mayor entre... y = widening of the gap beween.... and, widening gap between... and.* diferencia cada vez menor entre... y = narrowing gap between... and, narrowing of the gap between... and.* disfrutar cada minuto de = enjoy + every minute of.* distanciamiento cada vez mayor entre... y = widening gap between... and, widening of the gap beween.... and.* el pan nuestro de cada día = all in a day's work.* ganarse el pan de cada día = get + Posesivo + bread, earn + Posesivo + bread, earn + Posesivo + bread and butter.* importancia cada vez mayor = growing importance, growing significance.* ir cada vez mejor = grow from + strength to strength, go + great guns.* población cada vez más envejecida = greying population [graying population].* preocupación cada vez mayor (por) = growing concern (about).* problema cada vez mayor = growing problem.* problemas cada vez mayores = mounting problems.* pruebas cada vez más concluyentes = mounting evidence.* qué es cada cosa = what is what.* separación cada vez mayor entre... y = widening gap between... and.* todos y cada uno = in full force, each and everyone.* todos y cada uno de = any and every, any and all.* todos y cada uno de + Adjetivo + Nombre = Pronombre + every + Nombre.* una necesidad cada vez mayor = a growing need.* una vez cada dos semanas = once a fortnight.* una vez cada quincena = once a fortnight.* un número cada vez mayor = growing numbers.* un número cada vez mayor de = a growing number of.* uno de cada cinco = one in five.* uno de cada cuatro = one in four.* uno de cada diez = one in ten.* uno de cada ocho = one in eight.* uno de cada tres = one in three.* * *A1 (con el énfasis en el individuo o cosa particular) each; (con el énfasis en la totalidad del conjunto) everylos ganadores de cada grupo pasan a la final the winners from each group go on to the finalhay un bar en cada esquina there's a bar on every cornercada vez que viene me da un disgusto every time he comes he upsets meles puso un sello a cada uno he put a stamp on each onehay cinco para cada uno there are five eachvolvimos a casa cada uno por su lado we each made our own way homecuestan $25 cada uno they cost $25 eachcada uno or cada cual sabe qué es lo que más le conviene everyone o each individual knows what's best for him or her2 (delante de numeral) everyparábamos cada cuatro kilómetros we stopped every four kilometerssiete de cada diez seven out of (every) tenB1(indicando progresión): íbamos cada vez más rápido we were going faster and fasterla gente va cada vez menos a ese tipo de club people are going less and less to that kind of clubhace cada día más calor it's getting hotter every day o by the day2 ( fam)(con valor ponderativo): ¡tú tienes cada idea …! the things you think of!le ha regalado cada cosa más preciosa … he's given her such lovely things* * *
cada adjetivo invariable
1
( con énfasis en la totalidad del conjunto) every;
hay un bar en cada esquina ther's a bar in every corner;
cada día every day, each day;
¿cada cuánto viene? how often does she come?;
hay cinco para cada uno there are five each;
cuestan $25 cada uno they cost $25 each;
cada uno or cual sabe qué es lo que más le conviene everyone o each individual knows what's best for him or her;
cada vez que viene every time o whenever he comes
siete de cada diez seven out of (every) ten
2 ( indicando progresión):
lo hace cada vez mejor she's getting better all the time;
cada vez más gente more and more people;
cada vez menos tiempo less and less time
cada adjetivo
1 (distribución) (entre dos) each
(entre más) each, every
seis de cada diez, six out of (every) ten
2 (frecuencia) cada día, every day
cada dos días, every second day o every other day
¿cada cuánto vas al cine?, how often do you go the cinema?
3 fam (intensificador) ¡tu hija hace cada pregunta!, your daughter asks such awkward questions!
4 (todas las personas) cada uno hace lo que quiere, everyone does as they like
(en una serie) cada uno de ellos dará una conferencia, each of them will give us a lecture
♦ Locuciones: a cada instante/paso, constantly
a cada uno/a cada cual lo suyo, fair shares for all
(para ser justo) es una mujer pesadísima pero muy servicial, a cada uno lo suyo, to be fair, she's a pain in the neck but she's awfully helpful
(a cada uno lo que le pertenece) es una reivindicación justa, sólo pretende dar a cada uno lo suyo, it's a fair claim which only aims to give everyone their fair share
cada dos por tres, every other minute
cada vez, every time: cada vez que viene nos acabamos enfadando, everytime he comes we end up getting angry
cada vez veo peor, my sights getting worse and worse
cada vez más, more and more
cada vez menos, less and less
La diferencia entre each y every es muy pequeña. Every se refiere a un grupo y each a los individuos en el grupo: Cada trabajador debe empezar a las ocho. Every worker should begin at eight. Hablaré con cada trabajador durante la semana. I will speak to each worker during the weak. Como ves, el uso depende únicamente de cómo quieres considerar a los trabajadores: como individuos o como un grupo.
' cada' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- cañería
- curso
- dos
- instante
- más
- menos
- ocurrencia
- pasar
- paso
- patada
- quisque
- quisqui
- rato
- repetirse
- salir
- siempre
- solicitada
- solicitado
- tema
- toda
- todo
- una
- uno
- verso
- vez
- viñeta
- a
- bimestral
- correspondiente
- cosa
- cual
- cuando
- día
- el
- intercalar
- lado
- mejor
- nervioso
- peor
- poner
- semestre
- sendos
- tanda
- tiempo
- valer
English:
A
- and
- annoy
- apiece
- bash out
- begrudge
- better
- bread
- busy signal
- butt in
- carbon copy
- checkup
- commute
- Dick and Harry
- each
- either
- every
- everyplace
- exercise
- expect
- for
- fortnightly
- growing
- half-hourly
- head
- hourly
- how
- in
- increasingly
- interval
- less
- magazine
- match
- measure out
- meet
- milk
- misspell
- mist
- more
- nightly
- nine
- other
- out of
- outflow
- particular
- percentage
- sea
- second
- time
- Tom
* * *cada adj inv1. [indicando correspondencia] each;nos tocan 1.000 pesos a cada (uno) it comes to 1,000 pesos each o apiece;cada cosa a su tiempo one thing at a time;cada cual each one, everyone;cada cual que haga lo que le parezca everyone do as they see fit;cada uno de each of;cada uno es cada uno, cada uno es como es everyone's different;cada vez every time, each time;cada vez que viene, me pide algo prestado every time o each time o whenever he comes, he asks to borrow something2. [con números, tiempo] every;cada tres segundos nace un niño a child is born every three seconds;tres de cada diez personas three out of every ten people;cinco televisores por cada cien habitantes five televisions per hundred inhabitants;cada dos meses every two months;cada cierto tiempo every so often;¿cada cuánto? how often?;a cada momento o Am [m5]rato me preguntan algo, así no puedo trabajar people are constantly asking me things, so I can't get any work donesus discursos son cada vez más largos his speeches get longer and longer;el tema me interesa cada vez menos I'm getting less and less interested in the subject;esta revista es cada vez peor this magazine gets worse and worse;cada día más more and more each day4. [valor enfático] such;¡se pone cada sombrero! she wears such hats!;¡tiene cada cosa! the things he comes up with!;¡mis vecinos arman cada escándalo! my neighbours are always kicking up a fuss o row about something!* * *adjcada cosa en su sitio everything in its place;cada uno, cada cual each one;cada vez every time, each time;cada tres días every three days;uno de cada tres one out of every three;uno de cada one of each2:cada vez más more and more, increasingly* * *cada adj1) : eachcuestan diez pesos cada una: they cost ten pesos each2) : everycada vez: every time3) : such, somesales con cada historia: you come up with such crazy stories4)cada vez más : more and more, increasingly5)cada vez menos : less and less* * *cada adj1. (en general) every¡dice cada tontería! he says such stupid things!¡sale con cada excusa! she comes out with amazing excuses!¿cada cuánto? how often?cada vez más more and more / increasingly -
14 specie
1. f invar speciesuna specie di a sort or kind of2. adv especially* * *specie s.f.1 kind, sort: gente di ogni specie e di ogni razza, people of every kind and description; c'erano libri di ogni specie, there were books of all kinds; hanno fatto una specie di accordo fra di loro, they have come to a sort of agreement; mi fecero vedere una specie di violino che non avevo mai visto, I was shown a kind of violin I had never seen before; che specie di libro vuoi?, what kind of book do you want? // (in) specie, especially (o in particular): in quella casa sono tutti pazzi, specie i figli, everybody is raving mad in that house, especially the children; tutti, ma lui in specie, everybody, but he in particular; amo la musica, (in) specie quella rock, I love music, especially rock // far specie, ( far meraviglia) to surprise (o to impress): mi fa specie che tu parli in questo modo, it surprises me that you should speak like that; non mi farebbe specie se..., I shouldn't be surprised if...2 (scient.) species*: la specie umana, the human species (o mankind); l'origine di una specie, the origin of a species; secondo la teoria dell'evoluzione, ogni specie si sviluppa da specie preesistenti, according to the theory of evolution, every species develops from pre-existing species // (bot., zool.): specie anomala, sport; produrre una specie anomala, to sport; della stessa specie, conspecific3 (teol.) species*: l'Eucaristia sotto le specie del pane e del vino, the Eucharist under the species of bread and wine.* * *['spɛtʃe]1. sf inv1) Bio Bot Zool species inv2) (tipo) sort, kind, variety2. avvespecially, particularly* * *['spɛtʃe] 1.sostantivo femminile invariabile1) biol. species*2) (tipo) kind, sortuna specie di — a kind o sort of
3) (stupore)2.mi fa specie che... — I find it odd o it surprises me that
(in) specie — especially, particularly
* * *specie/'spεt∫e/I f.inv.1 biol. species*2 (tipo) kind, sort; una specie di a kind o sort of; un razzista della peggior specie a racist of the worst kind o sortII avverbio(in) specie especially, particularly. -
15 происходить
(= произойти, случаться, бывать) happen, take place, originate, occur, be the result (of), arise, be in progress, be at work; take place, happen, occur• В общем случае этого не произойдет, если только не... - This will not happen, in general, unless...• В особых случаях могло бы произойти (что-л)... - In particular cases it may happen that...• Задумайтесь на минуту о том, что произошло бы, если... - Consider for a moment what would happen if...• Исключение из этого правила может происходить (= появляться), когда... - An exception to this rule may occur when...• Кажется, это происходит, по крайней мере отчасти, вследствие... - This seems to result, at least in part, from...• Мы знаем, что такое никогда не происходит. - We know that this does not happen.• Неудача в данном процессе происходит вследствие... - The failure of this process is due to...• Но этого не происходит внутри живого существа. - But this does not occur in a living animal.• Однако если (же) мы рассмотрим, что происходит, более подробно, мы можем видеть, что... - If we consider what happens more carefully, however, we can see that...• Подобное развитие событий происходит, когда... - A similar situation develops when...• Подобные взрывы происходят каждые 100 лет. - Such explosions occur each 100 years.• Подобные процессы просто не происходят. - Such processes simply do not occur.• Частично это происходит вследствие... - This is partly because...• Частично это происходит потому, что трудно... - This is partly because it is difficult to...• Это происходит вследствие того факта, что... - This arises from the fact that...• В результате этого происходит заметное уменьшение... - This results in a marked decrease in... -
16 vertiginoso
adj.1 vertiginous, reeling, dizzying, giddy.2 dizzy.3 vertiginous, very fast.* * *► adjetivo1 dizzy, giddy\a velocidad vertiginosa figurado at breakneck speed* * *ADJ1) (=que causa vértigo) giddy, dizzy, vertiginous frm2) [velocidad] dizzy, excessive; [alza] very rapid* * *una vertiginosa caída del dólar — a dramatic o vertiginous fall in the value of the dollar
* * *= exponential, staggering, spiralling [spiraling, -USA], dizzying, fast-paced [fast paced], galloping, fast-moving, heady [headier -comp., headiest -sup.], giddy [giddier -comp., giddiest -sup.], fast and furious.Ex. Information technology continues to develop at an exponential rate.Ex. It's a staggering list of accomplishments, and considering bureaucracy and some of the internal problems of the Library of Congress, I think that the Library deserves a great deal of credit and commendation.Ex. The ARL Serials Project is an initiative by the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) designed to combat the spiralling increases in periodicals prices.Ex. Unfortunately, the dizzying array of computing and networking environments often frustrates end users' attempts to navigate the Internet = Desafortunadamente, con frecuencia la variedad tan desconcertante de entornos informáticos y de redes frusta los intentos de los usuarios finales de navegar por la red.Ex. Access to current, reliable quality news is an important need in the fast-paced environment of all large corporations and service organisations.Ex. But the introduction of market economics, galloping inflation and the breakdown of old administrative structures are causing problems, especially over funding..Ex. I have also taken the opportunity to up-date every chapter of the book so as to help the reader keep track of this fast-moving technology.Ex. The heady integration scenario is that given a seemingly simple query the system would automatically expand the search beyond the capabilities of an inexperienced user.Ex. After rising to giddy heights, share prices of Internet companies have dropped.Ex. The pace was fast and furious and the noise was non-stop.----* ascenso vertiginoso = spiralling [spiraling, -USA].* aumento vertiginoso = spiralling [spiraling, -USA].* avanzar a un ritmo vertiginoso = proceed + at a blistering pace.* crecimiento vertiginoso = exponential growth.* crecimiento vertiginoso de la información, el = information explosion, the.* Nombre + vertiginoso = exponential rate of + Nombre.* ritmo vertiginoso = blistering pace.* subida vertiginosa = spiralling [spiraling, -USA].* * *una vertiginosa caída del dólar — a dramatic o vertiginous fall in the value of the dollar
* * *= exponential, staggering, spiralling [spiraling, -USA], dizzying, fast-paced [fast paced], galloping, fast-moving, heady [headier -comp., headiest -sup.], giddy [giddier -comp., giddiest -sup.], fast and furious.Ex: Information technology continues to develop at an exponential rate.
Ex: It's a staggering list of accomplishments, and considering bureaucracy and some of the internal problems of the Library of Congress, I think that the Library deserves a great deal of credit and commendation.Ex: The ARL Serials Project is an initiative by the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) designed to combat the spiralling increases in periodicals prices.Ex: Unfortunately, the dizzying array of computing and networking environments often frustrates end users' attempts to navigate the Internet = Desafortunadamente, con frecuencia la variedad tan desconcertante de entornos informáticos y de redes frusta los intentos de los usuarios finales de navegar por la red.Ex: Access to current, reliable quality news is an important need in the fast-paced environment of all large corporations and service organisations.Ex: But the introduction of market economics, galloping inflation and the breakdown of old administrative structures are causing problems, especially over funding..Ex: I have also taken the opportunity to up-date every chapter of the book so as to help the reader keep track of this fast-moving technology.Ex: The heady integration scenario is that given a seemingly simple query the system would automatically expand the search beyond the capabilities of an inexperienced user.Ex: After rising to giddy heights, share prices of Internet companies have dropped.Ex: The pace was fast and furious and the noise was non-stop.* ascenso vertiginoso = spiralling [spiraling, -USA].* aumento vertiginoso = spiralling [spiraling, -USA].* avanzar a un ritmo vertiginoso = proceed + at a blistering pace.* crecimiento vertiginoso = exponential growth.* crecimiento vertiginoso de la información, el = information explosion, the.* Nombre + vertiginoso = exponential rate of + Nombre.* ritmo vertiginoso = blistering pace.* subida vertiginosa = spiralling [spiraling, -USA].* * *vertiginoso -sa‹velocidad› dizzy, giddy, vertiginous ( frml)una vertiginosa caída del dólar a dramatic o vertiginous fall in the value of the dollar* * *
vertiginoso
vertiginoso,-a adjetivo vertiginous, giddy, dizzy
' vertiginoso' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
ritmo
- vertiginosa
English:
dizzy
- furious
- soar
* * *vertiginoso, -a adj[aumento, desarrollo] dramatic, spectacular; [velocidad] dizzying;la historia se desarrolla a un ritmo vertiginoso the story develops at a frenetic pace;la caída del líder fue vertiginoso the leader's fall from power was spectacularly abrupt* * *adj1 dizzy2 ( rápido) frantic* * *vertiginoso, -sa adj: vertiginous♦ vertiginosamente adv -
17 двигатель
- (газотурбинный, поршневой, тепловой) — engine
- (гидравлический, пневматический, электрический) — motor
-, авиационный — aircraft engine
двигатель, используемый или предназначенный к использованию в авиации для перемещения и (или) поддержания ла, на котором он установлен, в воздухе (рис. 46). — an engine that is used or intended to be used in propelting or lifting aircraft.
- аналогичной конструкции — engine of identical design and сonstruction
- без наддува (ид) — unsupercharged engine
-, безредукторный — direct-drive engine
-, безредукторный винто-вентиляторный (незакопоченный) — unducted fan engine (udf)
винтовентиляторы вращаются непосредственно силовой (свободной) турбиной с противоположным вращением рабочих колес. — fans are driven directly by a counter-rotating turbine, eliminating complexity of a reduction gearbox.
-, бензиновый — gasoline engine
-, боковой (рис. 13) — side engine
- в подвесной мотогондоле — pod engine
-, вентиляторный, с противоположным вращением вентиляторов — contrafan engine
- вертикальной наводки, приводной (стрелкового вооружения) — (gun) elevation drive motor
-, винто-вентиляторный (тввд) — prop-fan engine
-, включенный (работающий) — operating/running/engine
-, внешний (по отношению к фюзеляжу) (рис. 44) — outboard engine
- внутреннего сгорания — internal-combustion engine
-, внутренний (по отношению к наружному двигателю) (рис. 44) — inboard engine
- воздушного охлаждения (пд) — air-cooled engine
двигатель, у которого отвод тепла от цилиндров производится воздухом, непосредственно обдувающим их. — an engine whose running temperature is controlled by means of air cooled cylinders.
-, вспомогательный (всу) — auxiliary power unit (apu)
-, выключенный — shutdown engine
-, выключенный (неработающий) — inoperative engine
-, высокооборотный — high-speed engine
-, высотный — high-altitude engine
-, газотурбинный (гтд) — turbine engine
-, газотурбинный (вертолетныи) — helicopter turboshaft engine
-,газотурбинный-энергоузел (стартер-энергоузел) — turbine-starter - auxiliary power unit, starter - apu
- (-) генератор — motor-generator
устройство для преобразования одного вида эл. энергии в другую (напр., переменный ток в постоянный). — а motor-generator combination for converting one kind of electric power to another (e.g. ас to dc)
- горизонтальной наводки, приводной (стрелкового вооружения) — (gun) azimuth drive motor
- двухвальной схемы (турбовальный) — two-shaft turbine engine
-, двухвальный турбовинтовой — two-shaft turboprop engine
-, двухвальный турбореактивный — two-shaft /-rotor, -spool/turbojet engine
-, двухкаскадный — two-rotor /-shaft, -spool/ engine, twin-spool engine
двухвальный турбореактивный двигатель называется также двухроторным или двухкаскадным двигателем. — а two-rotor engine is a twoshaft or two-spool engine with lp and hp compressors and hp and lp turbines.
-, двухкаскадный, двухконтурный, (турбореактивный) — two-rotor /twin-spool/ by-pass turbo-jet engine
-, двухкаскадный, турбовальный, газотурбинный, со свободной турбиной — two-rotor /twin-spool/ turboshaft engine with free-power turbine
-, двухкаскадный, турбовентиляторвый с устройством отклонения направления тяги — two-rotor /twin-spool/ turbofan engine with thrust deflector system
-, двухконтурный — by-pass /bypass/ engine
гтд, в котором, помимо основного внутреннего (первого) контура, имеется наружный (второй) контур, представляющий собой канал кольцевого сечения, оканчивающийся у реактивного сопла. — in а by-pass engine, a part of the air leaving the lp cornpressor is dueted through the by-pass duct around the engine main duct to the exhaust unit to be exhausted to the atmosphere.
-, двухконтурный с дожиганиem во втором контуре — duct-burning by-pass engine
-, двухконтурный со смешиванием потоков наружного и и внутренного контуров — by-pass exhaust mixing engine
-, двухроторный — two-rotor engine
- двухрядная звезда (пд) — double-row radial engine
двигатель, у которого цнлиндры расположены двумя рядами радиально относительнo одного oбщего коленчатоro вала. — an engine having two rows of cylinders arranged radially around а common crankshaft. the corresponding front and rear cylinders may or may not be in line.
-, двухтактный (пд) — two-cycle engine
-, дозвуковой — subsonic engine
-, доработанный по модификации (1705) — engine incorporating mod. (1705), post-mod. (1705) engine
-, звездообразный — radial engine
поршневой двигатель с радиальным расположением цилиндров, оси которых лежат в одной, двух или нескольких плоскостях, перпендикулярных к оси коленчатого вала — an engine having stationary cylinders arranged radially around а commom crankshaft.
-, звездообразный двухрядный — double-row radial engine
-, звездообразный однорядный — single-row radial engine
-, исполнительный (эл.) — (electric) actuator, servo motor
-, исполнительный, канала курса (крена или тангажа) (гироплатформы) — azimuth (roll or pitch) servornotor
-, карбюраторный (пд) — carburetor engine
-, коррекционный (гироскопического прибора) — erection torque motor
-, критический — critical engine
двигатель, отказ которого вызывает наиболее неблагоприятные изменения в поведении самолета, управляемости и избытке тяги. — "critical engineп means the engine whose failure would most adversely affect the performance or handling qualities of an aircraft.
-, крыльевой (установленный на крыле) — wing engine
- левого вращения — engine of lh rotation
-, маломощный — low-powered engine
-, многорядный (пд) — multirow engine
-, многорядный звездообразный — multirow radial engine
-, модифицированный — modified engine
- модульной конструкции — module-construction engine
lp compressor - module i, hp compressor - module 2, etc.
-, мощный — high-powered engine
-, недоработанный no модификацин (1705) — engine not incorporating mod. (1705), pre-mod. (1705) engine
-, незакапоченный — uncowled engine
- непосредственного впрыска (пд) — fuel injection engine
-, неработающий — inoperative engine
-, одновальный (гтд) — single-shaft /single-rotor/ turbine engine
-, одновальный двухконтурный — single-shaft /single-rotor/ bypass engine
-, одновальный турбовентиляторный — single-shaft /single-rotor/ turbofan engine
-, одновальный турбовинтовой — single-shaft turboprop engine
-, одновальный турбореактивный — single-shaft /single-rotor/turbojet engine
-, однорядный (пд) — single-row engine
-, опытный — prototype engine
двигатель определенного тиna, еще не прошедший типовые государственные испытания. — the tirst engine of a type and arrangement not approved previously, to be submitted for type approval test.
-, основной — main engine
-, оставшийся (продолжающий работать) — remaining engine
-, отказавший — inoperative/failed/ engine
- отработки (эл., исполнительный) — servomotor
- отработки следящей системы — servo loop drive motor
- подтяга (патронной ленты) — ammunition booster torque motor
-, поперечный коррекционный (авиагоризонта) — roll erection torque motor
-, поршневой (пд) — reciprocating engine
- правого вращения — engine of rh rotation
-, продольный коррекционный (авиагоризонта) — pitch erection torque motor
-, прямоточный — ramjet engine
двигатель без механического компрессора, в котором сжатие воздуха обеспечивается поступательным движением самого двигателя. — а jet engine with no meehanical compressor, and using the air for combustion compressed by forward motion of the engine.
- работающий — operating engine
-, работающий с перебоями — rough engine
двигатель, работающий с неисправной системой зажигания или подачи топлива (рабочей смеси) — an engine that is running or firing unevenly, usually due to а faulty condition in either the fuel or ignition systems.
- рамы крена (гироплатформы — roll-gimbal servomotor
- рамы курса (гироплатформы — azimuth-gimbal servomotor
- рамы тангажа (гироплатформы) — pitch-gimbal servomotor
-, реактивный — jet-engine
двигатель, в котором энергия топлива преобразуется в кинетическую энергию газовой струи, вытекающей из двигателя, a получающаяся за счет этого сила реакции нenоcредственно используется как сила тяги для перемещения летательного аппарата. — an aircraft engine that derives all or most of its thrust by reaction to its ejection of combustion products (or heated air) in a jet and that obtains oxygen from the atmosphere for the combustion of its fuel.
-, реактивный, пульсирующий — pulse jet (engine)
применяется для непосредственного вращения несущеro винта вертолета. — pulse jets are designed for helicopter rotor propulsion.
-, ремонтный — overhauled engine
серийный двигатель, отремонтированный или восстановленный до состояния, удовлетворяющего требованиям серийного стандарта, и пригодный для дальнейшей эксплуатации в течение установленного межремонтного ресурса. — an engine which has been repaired or reconditioned to а standard rendering it eligible for the complete overhaul life agreed by the national authority.
- с внешним смесеобразованием (пд) — carburetor engine
двигатель внутреннего сгорания, у которого горючая смесь образуется вне рабочего цилиндра. — an engine in which the fuel/air mixture is formed in the carburetor.
- с внутренним смесеобразованием — fuel-injection engine
двигатель, у которого горючая смесь образуется внутри рабочего цилиндра. — an engine in which fuel is directly injected into the cylinders.
- с водяным охлаждением (пд) — water-cooled engine
- с высокой степенью сжатия — high-compression engine
- с нагнетателем (пд) — supercharged engine
- с наддувом (пд) с осевым компрессором (пд) — supercharged engine axial-flom turbine engine
- с передним расположением вентилятора — front fan turbine engine
- с противоточной камерой сгорания (гтд) — reverse-flow turbine engine
- с редуктором — engine with reduction gear
- с форсажной камерой (гтд). двигатель с дополнительным сжиганием топлива в специальной камере за турбиной — engine with afterburner, afterburning engine, reheat(ed) engine, engine with thrust augmentor
- с форсированной (взлетной) мощностью — engine with augmented (takeoff) power rating
- с центробежным компрессором (гтд) — radial-flow turbine engine
-, серийный — series engine
двигатель, изготовляемый в серийном производстве и соответствующий опытному двигателю, принятому при государственных испытаниях для серийного производства. — an engine essentially identiin design, in materials, and in methods of construction, with one which has been approved previously.
- со свободной турбиной — free-luroine engine
двигатель с двумя турбинами, валы которых кинематически не связаны. одна из турбин обычно служит для привода компрессора, а другая используется для передачи полезной работы потребителю, например, воздушному (или несущему) винту. — the engine with two turbines whose shafts are not mechanically coupled. one turbine drives the compressor, and the other free turbine drives the propeller or rotor.
- следящей системы по внутреннему крену (гироплатформы) — inner roll gimbal servomotor
- следящей системы по наружному крену (гироплатформы) — outer roll gimbal servomotor
- следящей системы по курсу (гироплатформы) — azimuth gimbal servomotor
- следящей системы по тангажу (гироплатформы) — pitch gimbal servomotor
-, собственно — engine itself
-, средний (рис. 44) — center engine
- стабилизации гироплатформы — stable platform-stabilization servomotor/servo/
-, стартовый (работающий при взлете) — booster
-, стартовый твердотопливный — solid propellant booster
-, трехкаскадный, турбореактивный, с передним вентилятором — three-rotor /triple-spool, triple shaft/ front fan turbo-jet engine
-, турбовентиляторный — turbofan engine
двухконтурный турбореактивный двигатель, в котором часть воздуха выбрасывается за первыми ступенями компрессора низкого давления, а остальная часть воздуха за кнд поступает в основной контур с камерами сгорания. — in the turbofan engine a part of the air bypassed and exhausted to atmosphere after the first (two) stages of lp compressor. about half of the thrust is produced by the fan exhaust.
-, турбовентиляторный (с дожиганием в вентиляторном контуре) — duct-burning turbofan engine
-, турбовинтовентиляторный — (turbo) propfan engine, unducted fan engine (ufe)
-, турбовинтовой (твд) — turboprop engine
газотурбинный двигатель, в котором тепло превращается в кинетическую энергию реактивной струи и в механическую работу на валу двигателя, которая используется для вращения воздушного винта. — а turboprop engine is a turbine engine driving the propeller and developing an additional propulsive thrust by reaction to ejection of combustion products.
-, "турбовинтовой" (вертолетный, с отбором мощности на вал) — turboshaft engine
-, турбовинтовой, с толкающим винтом — pusher-turboprop engine
-, турбопрямоточный — turbo/ram jet engine
комбинация из турбореактивного (до м-з) и прямоточного (для больших чисел м). — combines а turbo-jet engine (for speeds up to mach 3) and ram jet engine for higher mach numbers.
-,турбо-ракетный — turbo-rocket engine
аналог турбопрямоточному двигателю с автономным кислородным питанием, — а turbo/ram jet engine with its own oxygen to provide combustion.
-, турбореактивный — turbojet engine
газотурбинный двигатель (с приводом компрессора от турбин), в котором тепло превращается только в кинетическую энергию реактивной струи. — a jet engine incorporating a turbine-driven air compressor to take in and compress the air for the combustion of fuel, the gases of combustion being used both to rotate the turbine and to create a thrust-producing jet.
-, установленный в мотогондоле — nacelle-mounted engine
-, установленный в подвесной мотогондоле — pod engine
-, четырехтактный (поршневой — four-cycle engine
за два оборота коленчатого вала происходит четыре хода поршня в каждом цилиндре, по одному такту на ход. такт 1 - впуск всасывание рабочей смеси в цилиндр), такт 2 - матке рабочей смеси, такт 3 - рабочий ход (зажигание смеси), такт 4 - выхлоп (выпуск отработанных газов из цилиндра в атмосферу) — a common type of engine which requires two revolutions of the crankshaft (four strokes of the piston) to complete the four events of (1) admission of or forcing the charged mixture of combustible gas into the cylinder, (2) compression of the charge, (3) ignition and burning of the charge, which develops pressure (power) acting on the piston and (4) exhaust or expulsion of the charge from the cylinder.
-, шаговой (эл.) — step-servo motor
-, электрический — electric motor
устройство, преобразующее электрическую энергию во вращательное механическое движение. — device which converts electrical energy into rotating mechanical energy.
- (-) энергоузел, газотурбинный (ггдэ) — turbine starter /auxiliary power unit, starter/ apu
для запуска основн. двигателей, хол. прокрутки (стартерный режим) и привода агрегатов самолета при неработающих двигателях (режим энергоузла), имеет свой электростартер.
в зоне д. — in the region of the engine
выбег д. — engine run-down
гонка д. — engine run
данные д. — engine data
заливка д. (пд перед запуском) — engine priming
замена д. — engine replacement /change/
запуск д. — engine start
испытание д. — engine test
мощность д. — engine power
на входе в д. — at /in/ inlet to the engine
обороты д. — engine speed /rpm, rpm/
опробование д. — engine ground test
опробование д. в полете — in-flight engine test
опробование д. на земле — engine ground test
останов д. (выключение) — engine shutdown
остановка д. (отказ) — engine failure
остановка д. (выбег) — run down
остановка д. вслествие недостатка масла (топлива) — engine failure due to oil (fuel) starvation
отказ д. — engine failure
перебои в работе д. — rough engine operation
подогрев д. — engine heating
проба д. (на земле) — engine ground test
прогрев д. — engine warm-up
прокрутка д. (холодная) — engine cranking /motoring/
работа д. — engine operation
разгон д. — engine acceleration
стоянка д. (период, в течение которого двигатель не работает) — engine shutdown. one hundred starts must be made of which 25 starts must be preceded by at least a two-hour engine shutdown.
тряска д. — engine vibration
тяга д. — engine thrust
установка д. — engine installation
шум д. — engine noise
вывешивать д. с помощью лебедки — support weight of the engine by a hoist
выводить д. на требуемые обороты % — accelerate the engine to a required speed of %
выключать д. — shut down the engine
глушить д. — shut down the engine
гонять д. — run the engine
заливать д. (пд) — prim the engine
заменять д. — replace the engine
запускать д. — start the engine
запускать д. в воздухе — (re)start the engine
испытывать д. — test the engine
опробовать д. на земле — ground test the engine
останавливать д. — shut down the engine
подвешивать д. — mount the engine
поднимать д. подъемником — hoist the engine
подогревать д. — heat the engine
проворачивать д. на... оборотов — turn the engine... revolutions
прогревать д. (на оборотах...%) — warm up the engine (at a speed of... %)
продопжать полет на (двух) д. — continue flight on (two) engines
разгоняться на одном д. — accelerate with one engine operating
разгоняться при неработающем критическом д. — accelerate with the critical епgine inoperative
сбавлять (убирать) обороты (работающего) д. — decelerate the engine
увеличивать обороты (работающего) д. — accelerate the engine
устанавливать д. — install the engineРусско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > двигатель
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18 ἐπίστασις
ἐπίστασις, εως, ἡ (s. ἐφίστημι and next entry; Soph. et al. in var. mngs.; PAmh 134, 9 al. in pap; 2 Macc; EpArist; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 49; Jos., Ant. 16, 395; Just.) in our lit., both times w. the v.l. ἐπισύστασις (q.v.).① responsibility for a matter, pressure, care. For ἡ ἐ. μοι ἡ καθʼ ἡμέραν 2 Cor 11:28 pressure, in the sense of anxiety caused by a heavy sense of responsibility is prob.: the daily pressure on me. Alternatives include: attention or care daily required of me (ἐ.=attention, care: Aristot., Phys. 196a, 38; Polyb. 2, 2, 2; 11, 2, 4; Diod S 29, 32 end; EpArist 256; Just., D. 28, 1); superintendence, oversight (X., Mem. 1, 5, 2 codd.; s. also L-S-J-M s.v. II 3) the burden of oversight, which lies upon me day in and day out; finally, ἐ. can also mean stopping, hindrance, delay (BGU 1832, 16; 1855, 19; Polyb. 8, 28, 13); then: the hindrances that beset me day by day. Cp. the role of the ἐπιστάτης next entry.② the act of bringing someth. to a stop, stopping (X., An. 2, 4, 26; Polyb. 8, 28, 13) ἐ. ποιεῖν ὄχλου to cause a crowd to gather Ac 24:12. The phrase indicates that people stop with the result that a crowd develops; any first-century reader or auditor of Ac would prob. be aware that if Paul were responsible for collecting a mob around himself he would be at grave risk under the eyes of Roman authorities who were responsible for maintaining the peace. Hence the rendering ‘stirring up a crowd’ NRSV correctly assesses the mng of the text (cp. 2 Macc 6:3 ‘onslaught’ NRSV).—DELG s.v. ἵστημι. M-M. -
19 в два раза больше, чем
•The bond energy for H2 is nearly twice as large as that for H+ or He2+.
•The double-acting compressor discharges twice as much fluid per cylinder as the single-acting.
•The distance between the objectives is twice (or double) that between the eyepieces.
•The total capacity of these steam fields is only about twice what a single nuclear power plant develops.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > в два раза больше, чем
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20 в два раза больше, чем
•The bond energy for H2 is nearly twice as large as that for H+ or He2+.
•The double-acting compressor discharges twice as much fluid per cylinder as the single-acting.
•The distance between the objectives is twice (or double) that between the eyepieces.
•The total capacity of these steam fields is only about twice what a single nuclear power plant develops.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > в два раза больше, чем
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