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121 dificultar
v.1 to hinder.2 to make difficult, to obstruct, to encumber, to hinder.3 to make it difficult to, to make it laborious to, to make it cumbersome to, to make it hard to.Ella estorba cocinar She makes it cumbersome to cook.* * *1 to make difficult, hinder, obstruct* * *VT1) (=obstaculizar) [+ camino] to obstruct; [+ tráfico] to hold up2) (=hacer difícil) [+ trabajo] to make difficult; [+ progreso] to hinder, stand in the way of; [+ movimientos] to restrictlas restricciones dificultan el comercio — the restrictions hinder trade o make trade difficult
* * *verbo transitivo to make... difficult* * *= encumber, hamper, hinder, interfere with, make + it + difficult, make + difficult, snag, constrict.Ex. It is extremely difficult for SLIS to compete with other interests which are less encumbered on equal terms.Ex. Unfortunately, the inclusion of abstracts in most services tends to hamper currency.Ex. In practice the application of recall and precision in the evaluation of indexes is hindered by the difficulty of evaluating some of the components in the definition.Ex. You should use other symbols, without necessarily having them reproduced on the card where they certainly do interfere with the intelligibility and ease of reading.Ex. This will make it yet more difficult for the information worker and the end user to keep up to date with the full range of data bases.Ex. Floor surfaces should be chosen as a guide for the blind while avoiding deep carpets which snag wheel chairs = Se debería el suelo para guiar a los ciegos aunque debe evitarse las alfombras gruesas ya que dificultan el deslizamiento de las sillas de ruedas.Ex. The gland was pale pink in colour with an hourglass shape that was constricted in the middle.* * *verbo transitivo to make... difficult* * *= encumber, hamper, hinder, interfere with, make + it + difficult, make + difficult, snag, constrict.Ex: It is extremely difficult for SLIS to compete with other interests which are less encumbered on equal terms.
Ex: Unfortunately, the inclusion of abstracts in most services tends to hamper currency.Ex: In practice the application of recall and precision in the evaluation of indexes is hindered by the difficulty of evaluating some of the components in the definition.Ex: You should use other symbols, without necessarily having them reproduced on the card where they certainly do interfere with the intelligibility and ease of reading.Ex: This will make it yet more difficult for the information worker and the end user to keep up to date with the full range of data bases.Ex: Floor surfaces should be chosen as a guide for the blind while avoiding deep carpets which snag wheel chairs = Se debería el suelo para guiar a los ciegos aunque debe evitarse las alfombras gruesas ya que dificultan el deslizamiento de las sillas de ruedas.Ex: The gland was pale pink in colour with an hourglass shape that was constricted in the middle.* * *dificultar [A1 ]vtto make … difficultla niebla dificultó el acceso al lugar del accidente the fog made it difficult to reach the scene of the accidentel desconocer el idioma le dificulta el trabajo not knowing the language makes his job more difficultlas obras dificultaban el paso de vehículos the roadworks hampered o restricted o obstructed the flow of trafficdificultaba los intentos de rescate it hindered o hampered the rescue attemptsestos obstáculos dificultan el progreso these obstacles stand in the way of progress o hinder progress o make progress difficultprendas sueltas que no dificultan los movimientos loose garments which don't restrict your movements* * *
dificultar ( conjugate dificultar) verbo transitivo
to make … difficult
' dificultar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
anquilosar
- complicar
- embarazar
- entorpecer
- impedir
English:
deter
- hamper
- hinder
- impede
- inhibit
- interfere
- arrest
- constrict
* * *dificultar vt[estorbar] to hinder; [obstruir] to obstruct;la gran cantidad de transeúntes dificultaba el rodaje the large number of passers-by made filming more difficult;unas zanjas dificultaban el paso some ditches made progress difficult;el viento dificultaba la navegación the wind made sailing difficult* * *v/t hinder* * *dificultar vt: to make difficult, to obstruct* * *dificultar vb to hinder / to make difficult -
122 возможно
1.1. прил. кратк. см. возможный2. предик. безл. it is possible, it may be, it is not unlikelyочень возможно — quite possible, very likely
очень возможно, что — it may well be that, it is very likely that, it is quite possible that
2.сколько возможно — (с сущ. в ед. ч.) as much as possible; (с сущ. во мн. ч.) as many as possible
1. нареч. (при сравн. ст.) as... as possible2. как вводн. сл. possibly, perhaps -
123 возможно
I1) кратк. прил. см. возможный2) предик. безл. it is possible, it may be, it is not unlikelyе́сли возмо́жно — if possible
о́чень возмо́жно — quite possible, very likely
о́чень возмо́жно, что — it may well be that, it is very likely that, it is quite possible that
ско́лько возмо́жно (с сущ. в ед.) — as much as possible; (с сущ. во мн.) as many as possible
II вводн. сл.наско́лько возмо́жно — as far as possible
( вероятно) possibly, perhaps, maybe -
124 возможно
1. прил.; кратк. форма от возможный 2. предик.; безл.it is possible, it may be, it is not unlikelyочень возможно, что — it may well be that, it is very likely that, it is quite possible that
когда возможно — when possible, when it is possible, when there's a possibility
3. нареч.очень возможно — very likely, quite possible
possibly, perhaps; as... as possible ()- возможно скорее -
125 matorъ
matorъ; materъ Grammatical information: adj. oPage in Trubačev: XVII 244-249Church Slavic:Russian:matëryj `experienced, full-grown' [adj o];materój `full-grown' [adj o]Serbo-Croatian:mȁtor `old, elderly' [adj o]Slovene:matǫ́r `old' [adj o]Indo-European reconstruction: meh₂tor-IE meaning: motherPage in Pokorny: 693Comments: While the ESSJ (Trubačëv) states that *matorъ(jь) is older than *materъ(jь), the same dictionary considers the o-grade of the suffix in *matorьnъ(jь) as well as the meaning of this formation (in comparison with materьnъ(jь) `motherly') to be late. The point is, however, that *matorьnъ(jь) and *matorьnъ(jь) may not be cognate with *mȁti at all. Lat. mātūrus has been connected with mānus `good', OIr. maith `id.' (Pokorny 693, Ernout - Meillet s.v., Schrijver 1991: 143). In Trubačëv's dictionary, the connection with the latter form is dismissed. Instead, *matorъ(jь) is considered cognate with both *mȁti and mātūrus (with references to Trubačëv 19??: 32 and - incorrectly - Meillet 1902-1905 II: 407, where merely the connection with māne and mātūrus is considered). Yet another etymology was proposed by Vaillant, who tried to link the Slavic etymon to words meaning `big', such as OPr. muis `bigger' (1961: 189). In my opinion, Lat. mātūrus has the best chance of being cognate with *matorъ(jь) etc. (pace Vasmer s.v. matëryj). The connection with *mȁti cannot be disproved on formal grounds but there are sufficient semantic reasons for keeping this word apart. Athough ultimately we may be dealing with the same root, it is unlikely that *matorъ(jь) is a recent derivative of *mȁti.Other cognates: -
126 materъ
matorъ; materъ Grammatical information: adj. oPage in Trubačev: XVII 244-249Church Slavic:Russian:matëryj `experienced, full-grown' [adj o];materój `full-grown' [adj o]Serbo-Croatian:mȁtor `old, elderly' [adj o]Slovene:matǫ́r `old' [adj o]Indo-European reconstruction: meh₂tor-IE meaning: motherPage in Pokorny: 693Comments: While the ESSJ (Trubačëv) states that *matorъ(jь) is older than *materъ(jь), the same dictionary considers the o-grade of the suffix in *matorьnъ(jь) as well as the meaning of this formation (in comparison with materьnъ(jь) `motherly') to be late. The point is, however, that *matorьnъ(jь) and *matorьnъ(jь) may not be cognate with *mȁti at all. Lat. mātūrus has been connected with mānus `good', OIr. maith `id.' (Pokorny 693, Ernout - Meillet s.v., Schrijver 1991: 143). In Trubačëv's dictionary, the connection with the latter form is dismissed. Instead, *matorъ(jь) is considered cognate with both *mȁti and mātūrus (with references to Trubačëv 19??: 32 and - incorrectly - Meillet 1902-1905 II: 407, where merely the connection with māne and mātūrus is considered). Yet another etymology was proposed by Vaillant, who tried to link the Slavic etymon to words meaning `big', such as OPr. muis `bigger' (1961: 189). In my opinion, Lat. mātūrus has the best chance of being cognate with *matorъ(jь) etc. (pace Vasmer s.v. matëryj). The connection with *mȁti cannot be disproved on formal grounds but there are sufficient semantic reasons for keeping this word apart. Athough ultimately we may be dealing with the same root, it is unlikely that *matorъ(jь) is a recent derivative of *mȁti.Other cognates: -
127 weapons of mass disruption
•• * Выражение weapons of mass disruption активно вводит в оборот известный политолог Грэм Аллисон. Речь идет о «грязной бомбе» – одном из видов радиологического оружия. Согласно определению Аллисона (привожу по сайту NOVA), the differences between a dirty bomb and a nuclear bomb are profound. A dirty bomb is not a nuclear bomb even though it uses radioactive material. While a nuclear bomb is surely a weapon of mass destruction, a dirty bomb is at best a weapon of mass disruption.
•• Статус этого выражения не совсем ясен – можно ли говорить, что оно уже вошло в язык? Похоже, это происходит. Вот оно же в применении к интернетовской проблематике:
•• Computers and the Internet are part of our national infrastructure, and while it’s unlikely, though not impossible, that anyone would die as a result of a hack attack, it could seriously disrupt commerce and communications. WMD has a new meaning. Hack attacks, worms and viruses are Weapons of Mass Disruption.
•• В тексте последнее слово выделено, что означает некоторую необычность выражения.
•• Как и всякую игру слов, это выражение нелегко перевести. Видимо, придется выбирать между оружием массового воздействия/ разложения/ потрясения или массовой дезорганизации. В конечном счете что-то «зацепится» в периодике.
English-Russian nonsystematic dictionary > weapons of mass disruption
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128 ěždžь
ěždžь; ěždžikъ; ězgarъ; ězgarь; ěskarъ Grammatical information: m. jo; m. o; m. o; m. jo; m. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `ruff'Page in Trubačev: VI 60Belorussian:jadžgár `ruff' [m o]Ukrainian:Czech:ježdík `ruff' [m o]Polish:jażdż (arch., N. dial.) `ruff' [m jo];Old Polish:jeżdżyk `ruff' [m o]Kashubian:i̯wžǯ, i̯wšč `ruff' [m jo]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: egź-io-;; ē̆źg-io-Lithuanian:ežgỹs `ruff' [m io] 4;egžlỹs (arch.) `ruff' [m io] 4;ežegỹs (Pruss.) `ruff' [m io] 3b \{3\}Old Prussian:assegis (EV) `perch'Page in Pokorny: 292Comments: It seems perfectly plausible to me that this etymon is cognate with *ežь `hedgehog'. Like its close relative the perch, the ruff has prickly fins (cf. MoHG Barsch `perch', Borste `bristle', Lith. ešerỹs `perch', which presumably derives from *h₂eḱ- `sharp'). The g of this word may be the well-known Baltic intrusive velar. In that case, archaic Lith. egžlỹs would have preserved the original constellation. The Slavic forms would have to be borrowings from Baltic, which in view of their distribution is not unlikely.Notes:
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