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ion-bombarded

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  • Ion beam assisted deposition — or IBAD or IAD (not to be confused with ion beam induced deposition, IBID) is a materials engineering technique which combines ion implantation with simultaneous sputtering or another physical vapor deposition technique. Besides providing… …   Wikipedia

  • ion-exchange reaction — ▪ chemical reaction Introduction       any of a class of chemical reactions between two substances (each consisting of positively and negatively charged species called ions (ion)) that involves an exchange of one or more ionic components.… …   Universalium

  • Ion source — An ion source is an electro magnetic device that is used to create charged particles. These are used primarily within mass spectrometers or particle accelerators.Mass spectrometry In mass spectrometry, an ion source is a piece of equipment used… …   Wikipedia

  • Static secondary ion mass spectrometry — Static secondary ion mass spectrometry, or static SIMS is a technique for chemical analysis including elemental composition and chemical structure of the uppermost atomic or molecular layer of a solid which may be a metal, semiconductor or… …   Wikipedia

  • Electrostatic ion thruster — The electrostatic ion thruster is a kind of design for ion thrusters (a kind of highly efficient low thrust spacecraft propulsion running on electrical power). These designs use high voltage electrodes in order to accelerate ions with… …   Wikipedia

  • Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider — Hadron colliders Caption=The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Some of the superconducting magnets were manufactured by Northrop Grumman Corp. at Bethpage, New York. Note especially the second, independent ring… …   Wikipedia

  • Gas cluster ion beam — Gas Cluster Ion Beams (GCIB) is a new technology for nano scale modification of surfaces. It can smooth a wide variety of surface material types to within an angstrom of roughness without subsurface damage. It is also used to chemically alter… …   Wikipedia

  • Mathematics and Physical Sciences — ▪ 2003 Introduction Mathematics       Mathematics in 2002 was marked by two discoveries in number theory. The first may have practical implications; the second satisfied a 150 year old curiosity.       Computer scientist Manindra Agrawal of the… …   Universalium

  • radiation — radiational, adj. /ray dee ay sheuhn/, n. 1. Physics. a. the process in which energy is emitted as particles or waves. b. the complete process in which energy is emitted by one body, transmitted through an intervening medium or space, and… …   Universalium

  • Rutherford, Ernest, Baron Rutherford of Nelson, of Cambridge — ▪ British physicist Introduction born Aug. 30, 1871, Spring Grove, N.Z. died Oct. 19, 1937, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, Eng.  New Zealand born British physicist considered the greatest experimentalist since Michael Faraday (Faraday, Michael)… …   Universalium

  • Lithium — (pronEng|ˈlɪθiəm) is a chemical element with the symbol Li and atomic number 3. It is a soft alkali metal with a silver white color. Under standard conditions, it is the lightest metal and the least dense solid element. Like all alkali metals,… …   Wikipedia

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