intrepidity

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audācĭa, ae, f. [audax], the quality of being audax, boldness, in a good, but oftener in a bad sense (syn.: fortitudo, audentia, animus, virtus).

In a good sense, daring, intrepidity, courage, valor:

audacia in bello,

Sall. C. 9, 3:

audacia pro muro habetur,

id. ib. 58, 17:

frangere audaciam,

Liv. 25, 38, 6:

ipso miraculo audaciae obstupefecit hostes,

id. 2, 10:

nox aliis in audaciam, aliis ad formidinem opportuna,

Tac. A. 4, 51:

unam in audaciā spem salutis (esse),

id. H. 4, 49;

so Just. praef. 2, 9 al.: in audaces non est audacia tuta,

Ov. M. 10. [p. 201] 544:

Quod si deficiant vires, audacia certe Laus erit,

Prop. 3, 1, 5:

sumpsisset cor ejus audaciam,

Vulg. 2 Par. 17, 6 al.—

In a bad sense, daring, audacity, presumption, temerity, insolence, impudence:

O hominis inpudentem audaciam,

Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 13, and Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 72, Phaedr. 3, 5, 9:

conpositis mendaciis Advenisti, audaciai columen,

shamelessness, impudence, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 211:

Tantāne adfectum quemquam esse hominem audaciā!

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 84:

audacia non contrarium (fidentiae), sed appositum est ac propinquum et tamen vitium est,

Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 165:

animus paratus ad periculum, si suā cupiditate, non utilitate communi inpellitur, audaciae potius nomen habeat quam fortitudinis,

id. Off. 1, 19, 63:

incredibili importunitate et audaciā,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 30:

audaciā et impudentiā fretus,

id. Fl. 15; so id. Caecin. 1; id. Phil. 10, 5; 13, 13 fin.; id. Clu. 65; id. Inv. 1, 33 al.; Sall. C. 23, 2; 52, 11; 61, 1; id. J. 7, 5; 14, 11 al.; Liv. 28, 22; 44, 6 al.; Tac. A. 11, 26; id. H. 3, 66; 3, 73 al.; Suet. Vesp. 8; Curt. 6, 11; 8, 13; Vulg. Sap. 12, 17 et saep. —In plur. (abstr. for concr.), daring deeds, = audacter facta:

quantas audacias, quam incredibiles furores reperietis,

Cic. Sull. 27 fin.: audacias Cato pluraliter dixit, Paul. ex Fest. p. 27 Müll.; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 89; id. Cat. 2, 5, 10; id. Att. 9, 7:

quam (formam vitae) postea celebrem miseriae temporum et audaciae temporum fecerunt,

Tac. A. 1, 74.—In a milder signif. freedom, boldness:

licentia vel potius audacia,

Cic. Lig. 8:

vitare audaciam in translationibus,

Suet. Gram. 10 fin.

constantĭa, ae, f. [1. constans].

A firm standing, steadiness, firmness, immutability, unchangeableness, constancy, perseverance (in good prose;

esp. freq. in Cic.): (stellarum) perennes cursus atque perpetui cum admirabili incredibilique constantiā,

Cic. N. D. 2, 21, 55; cf. id. ib. §

56, and 3, 9, 23: dictorum conventorumque,

id. Off. 1, 7, 23; cf.

promissi,

id. Att. 4, 19 (17), 1:

tantā constantiā vocis atque voltūs,

Nep. Att. 22, 1: perseverantia constantiaque oppugnandi, Auct. B. Alex. 26.—

Trop., agreement, harmony, symmetry, consistency:

testimoniorum,

Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9:

ordo et constantia et moderatio dictorum omnium atque factorum,

Cic. Off. 1, 28, 98:

non ex singulis vocibus philosophi spectandi sunt, sed ex perpetuitate atque constantiā,

id. Tusc. 5, 10, 31:

in quibus (orationibus) forsitan magis requiratur constantia,

id. Clu. 51, 141; cf.:

constantiae causā,

for consistency's sake, id. ib. 2, 2, 5:

quae autem est inter augures conveniens et conjuncta constantia?

id. Div. 2, 39, 82:

officii,

id. Sull. 1, 2. —

Firmness of character, steadfastness, immovability, constancy, self - possession:

is, qui moderatione et constantiā quietus animo est sibi ipse placatus, ut nec tabescat molestiis, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 37; cf. id. ib. 4, 17, 38:

Catoni cum incredibilem tribuisset natura gravitatem, eamque ipse perpetuā constantiā roborasset semperque in proposito susceptoque consilio permansisset, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 31, 112:

si soceri Scauri constantiam (ceperis),

id. Verr. 1, 17, 52:

benevolentiam, non... ardore quodam amoris, sed stabilitate potius et constantiā judicemus,

id. Off. 1, 15, 47:

firmamentum constantiae est fides,

id. Lael. 18, 65:

hinc constantia, illinc furor,

id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; id. Sest. 41, 88; id. Phil. 7, 4, 14; id. Off. 1, 28, 98; Nep. Thras. 1, 1; Hor. Epod. 15, 15; Liv. 42, 62, 11:

de eorum fide constantiāque dubitatis?

Caes. B. G. 7, 77; Brut. ap. Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 16, 10:

animi,

Ov. M. 11, 293:

morum,

Tac. H. 3, 86; id. A. 13, 30 fin.; Sen. Const. Sap. 1, 1 sqq.: sunt et alia ingenita quaedam adjumenta vox, latus, patiens laboris valetudo, constantia, decor, i. e. natural firmness, intrepidity, Quint. prooem. § 27 Meyer.; cf. id. 6, prooem. § 11; 12, 5, 2.— Acc. to the notions of the Stoics, = eupatheia; in plur.: sic quattuor perturbationes sunt, tres constantiae ( = eupatheias treis, Diog. L. 7, 115), Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 14; cf. Aug. Civ. Dei, 14, 8.

Constantia, ae, f., a Roman proper name, Lact. Mort. Pers. 15, 1, 6; Amm. 21, 15, 6.

constantĭa, ae, f. [1. constans].

A firm standing, steadiness, firmness, immutability, unchangeableness, constancy, perseverance (in good prose;

esp. freq. in Cic.): (stellarum) perennes cursus atque perpetui cum admirabili incredibilique constantiā,

Cic. N. D. 2, 21, 55; cf. id. ib. §

56, and 3, 9, 23: dictorum conventorumque,

id. Off. 1, 7, 23; cf.

promissi,

id. Att. 4, 19 (17), 1:

tantā constantiā vocis atque voltūs,

Nep. Att. 22, 1: perseverantia constantiaque oppugnandi, Auct. B. Alex. 26.—

Trop., agreement, harmony, symmetry, consistency:

testimoniorum,

Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9:

ordo et constantia et moderatio dictorum omnium atque factorum,

Cic. Off. 1, 28, 98:

non ex singulis vocibus philosophi spectandi sunt, sed ex perpetuitate atque constantiā,

id. Tusc. 5, 10, 31:

in quibus (orationibus) forsitan magis requiratur constantia,

id. Clu. 51, 141; cf.:

constantiae causā,

for consistency's sake, id. ib. 2, 2, 5:

quae autem est inter augures conveniens et conjuncta constantia?

id. Div. 2, 39, 82:

officii,

id. Sull. 1, 2. —

Firmness of character, steadfastness, immovability, constancy, self - possession:

is, qui moderatione et constantiā quietus animo est sibi ipse placatus, ut nec tabescat molestiis, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 37; cf. id. ib. 4, 17, 38:

Catoni cum incredibilem tribuisset natura gravitatem, eamque ipse perpetuā constantiā roborasset semperque in proposito susceptoque consilio permansisset, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 31, 112:

si soceri Scauri constantiam (ceperis),

id. Verr. 1, 17, 52:

benevolentiam, non... ardore quodam amoris, sed stabilitate potius et constantiā judicemus,

id. Off. 1, 15, 47:

firmamentum constantiae est fides,

id. Lael. 18, 65:

hinc constantia, illinc furor,

id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; id. Sest. 41, 88; id. Phil. 7, 4, 14; id. Off. 1, 28, 98; Nep. Thras. 1, 1; Hor. Epod. 15, 15; Liv. 42, 62, 11:

de eorum fide constantiāque dubitatis?

Caes. B. G. 7, 77; Brut. ap. Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 16, 10:

animi,

Ov. M. 11, 293:

morum,

Tac. H. 3, 86; id. A. 13, 30 fin.; Sen. Const. Sap. 1, 1 sqq.: sunt et alia ingenita quaedam adjumenta vox, latus, patiens laboris valetudo, constantia, decor, i. e. natural firmness, intrepidity, Quint. prooem. § 27 Meyer.; cf. id. 6, prooem. § 11; 12, 5, 2.— Acc. to the notions of the Stoics, = eupatheia; in plur.: sic quattuor perturbationes sunt, tres constantiae ( = eupatheias treis, Diog. L. 7, 115), Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 14; cf. Aug. Civ. Dei, 14, 8.

Constantia, ae, f., a Roman proper name, Lact. Mort. Pers. 15, 1, 6; Amm. 21, 15, 6.

fortĭtūdo, ĭnis, f. [fortis], strength.

Physically (very rare).

In gen.: haec feminalia de bysso retorta ob fortitudinem solent contexi, firmness, durability, Hier. Ep. 64, 10:

galeae,

Jul. Val. Rer. Gest. Al. 2, 25; cf.

vini,

Macr. S. 7, 6, 17.—

Bodily strength in men and animals:

hircorum,

Phaedr. 4, 16, 6:

corporis,

Macr. S. 7, 9, 5:

nervorum,

id. ib. 7, 11, 8.— Absol. (opp. imbecillitas), Lact. 2, 2, 28; 2, 2, 67. —Far more freq. and class.,

Mentally, firmness, manliness shown in enduring or undertaking hardship; fortitude, resolution, bravery, courage, intrepidity (cf. virtus):

fortitudo est considerata periculorum susceptio et laborum perpessio,

Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 163:

fortitudo est, inquit (Chrysippus), scientia rerum perferendarum vel affectio animi in patiendo ac perferendo summae legi parens sine timore,

id. Tusc. 4, 24, 53; cf.:

fortitudo est animi affectio, cum in adeundo periculo et in labore ac dolore patiens, tum procul ab omni metu,

id. ib. 5, 14, 41:

quae (fortitudo) est dolorum laborumque contemptio... Fortitudinem quoque aliquo modo expediunt, cum tradunt rationem neglegendae mortis, perpetiendi doloris,

id. Off. 3, 33, 117:

fortitudo est rerum magnarum appetitio et rerum humilium contemptio et laboris cum utilitatis ratione perpessio,

Auct. Her. 3, 2, 3; cf. ib. 4, 25, 35:

probe definitur a Stoicis fortitudo, cum eam virtutem esse dicunt propugnantem pro aequitate,

Cic. Off. 1, 19, 62 sq.:

magnitudinis animi et fortitudinis est, nihil extimescere, omnia humana despicere, nihil quod homini accidere possit intolerandum putare,

id. ib. 3, 27, 100:

unde in laboribus et periculis fortitudo?

id. Rep. 1, 2:

illae sunt solae virtutes imperatoriae, labor in negotiis, fortitudo in periculis, industria in agendo, etc.,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 11, 29:

hoc sentire prudentiae est: facere fortitudinis,

id. Sest. 40, 86: pro multitudine hominum et pro gloria belli atque fortitudinis, angustos se fines habere arbitrabantur (Helvetii), * Caes. B. G. 1, 2 fin.:

fortitudinem Gallorum Germanorumque miramur,

Quint. 8, 4, 20:

malarum rerum audacia fortitudo vocatur,

Sall. C. 52, 11.—In plur.: sunt igitur domesticae fortitudines non inferiores militaribus, proofs of valor, i. e. valiant decds, Cic. Off. 1, 2 fin.; Vitr. 10, 22.