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international+reputation

  • 1 réputation

    réputation [ʀepytasjɔ̃]
    feminine noun
    • avoir bonne/mauvaise réputation to have a good/bad reputation
    • se faire une réputation to make a reputation for o.s.
    • connaître qn/qch de réputation (seulement) to know sb/sth (only) by repute
    * * *
    ʀepytasjɔ̃
    1) ( honorabilité) reputation
    2) ( renom) reputation

    avoir bonne/mauvaise réputation — to have a good/bad reputation

    sa réputation d'efficacité/de chanteur — his reputation for efficiency/as a singer

    * * *
    ʀepytasjɔ̃ nf

    avoir la réputation d'être... — to have a reputation for being...

    connaître qn/qch de réputation — to know sb/sth by repute

    * * *
    1 ( honorabilité) reputation; nuire à or ternir la réputation de qn to damage sb's reputation;
    2 ( renom) reputation; avoir bonne/mauvaise réputation to have a good/bad reputation; se faire une réputation to make a name for oneself; leur réputation n'est plus à faire their reputation is well-established; connaître qn/qch de réputation to know sb/sth by reputation; sa réputation d'efficacité/de chanteur his reputation for efficiency/as a singer; avoir la réputation d'être to have a reputation for being; œuvre de grande réputation highly regarded work.
    [repytasjɔ̃] nom féminin
    1. [renommée] reputation, repute
    jouir d'une bonne réputation to have ou to enjoy a good reputation
    un hôtel de bonne/mauvaise réputation a hotel of good/ill repute
    elle a la réputation de noter sévèrement she has a reputation ou she's well-known for being a tough marker
    marque de réputation mondiale ou internationale world-famous brand, brand of international repute
    2. [honorabilité] reputation, good name
    porter atteinte à la réputation de quelqu'un to damage ou to blacken somebody's good name

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > réputation

  • 2 международная репутация

    Русско-английский политический словарь > международная репутация

  • 3 Weltruf

    m international ( oder world) reputation; Weltruf genießen have a worldwide reputation, be world-renowned
    * * *
    Wẹlt|ruf
    m
    world(wide) reputation
    * * *
    Welt·ruf
    m kein pl international [or world-wide] reputation
    ... von \Weltruf internationally renowned
    * * *
    Weltruf m international ( oder world) reputation;
    Weltruf genießen have a worldwide reputation, be world-renowned
    * * *
    -e m.
    international reputation n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Weltruf

  • 4 ganarse una reputación

    (v.) = achieve + reputation, secure + reputation
    Ex. Scilken has deservedly achieved a reputation as the consumer advocate and gadfly of the profession during the 12 years of his directorship of the Orange Public Library in Orange, New Jersey.
    Ex. In the field of cataloguing he streamlined the cataloguing process and secured an international reputation with his cataloguing code and subject headings list.
    * * *
    (v.) = achieve + reputation, secure + reputation

    Ex: Scilken has deservedly achieved a reputation as the consumer advocate and gadfly of the profession during the 12 years of his directorship of the Orange Public Library in Orange, New Jersey.

    Ex: In the field of cataloguing he streamlined the cataloguing process and secured an international reputation with his cataloguing code and subject headings list.

    Spanish-English dictionary > ganarse una reputación

  • 5 Weltgeltung

    f international standing, an international reputation
    * * *
    Wẹlt|gel|tung
    f
    international standing, worldwide recognition
    * * *
    Welt·gel·tung
    f world-wide recognition, international standing
    ▪ ... von \Weltgeltung internationally renowned
    * * *
    die international standing
    * * *
    Weltgeltung f international standing, an international reputation
    * * *
    die international standing
    * * *
    f.
    international standing n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Weltgeltung

  • 6 renommiert

    I P.P. renommieren
    II Adj. famous, noted, renowned ( wegen for); (highly) acclaimed; Institut etc.: auch prestigious; eine international renommierte Klinik a clinic with an international reputation
    * * *
    re|nom|miert [renɔ'miːɐt]
    adj
    (wegen for) renowned, famed, famous
    * * *
    re·nom·miert
    adj (geh) renowned
    ▪ \renommiert [wegen einer S. gen] sein to be renowned [for sth]
    * * *
    Adjektiv renowned ( wegen for)
    * * *
    A. pperf → renommieren
    B. adj famous, noted, renowned (
    wegen for); (highly) acclaimed; Institut etc: auch prestigious;
    eine international renommierte Klinik a clinic with an international reputation
    * * *
    Adjektiv renowned ( wegen for)
    * * *
    adj.
    well-known adj.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > renommiert

  • 7 Weltfirma

    f company with an international reputation, world-class company, global player
    * * *
    Weltfirma f company with an international reputation, world-class company, global player

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Weltfirma

  • 8 agilizar

    v.
    1 to speed up.
    Los jueces agilizaron el proceso The judges speeded up the process.
    2 to make agile, to make more dynamic.
    Los ejercicios agilizaron a Ricardo Exercise made Richard agile.
    * * *
    1 to make agile
    2 figurado to speed up
    * * *
    1.
    VT (=acelerar) to speed up; (=mejorar) to improve, make more flexible
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    verbo transitivo <gestiones/proceso> to speed up; < pensamiento> to sharpen; <ritmo/presentación> to make... livelier o more dynamic
    * * *
    = expedite, streamline, fast track, jump-start [jump start].
    Ex. And since the main entry is the hub and most exacting aspect of our cataloging process, its replacement by a title-unit entry would greatly simplify the problem and expedite the operation of cataloging.
    Ex. In the field of cataloguing he streamlined the cataloguing process and secured an international reputation with his cataloguing code and subject headings list.
    Ex. The author describes a novel approach which uses the power of household brands as a springboard to fast track adults into reading and writing everyday functional English = El autor describe un método novedoso que utiliza el poder de las marcas muy conocidas como trampolín para acelerar el aprendizaje de la lectura y la escritura del inglés básico en los adultos.
    Ex. Jump-start your learning experience by participating in 1 or 2 half-day seminars that will help you come up to speed on the new vocabularies, processes and architectures underlying effective content management.
    * * *
    verbo transitivo <gestiones/proceso> to speed up; < pensamiento> to sharpen; <ritmo/presentación> to make... livelier o more dynamic
    * * *
    = expedite, streamline, fast track, jump-start [jump start].

    Ex: And since the main entry is the hub and most exacting aspect of our cataloging process, its replacement by a title-unit entry would greatly simplify the problem and expedite the operation of cataloging.

    Ex: In the field of cataloguing he streamlined the cataloguing process and secured an international reputation with his cataloguing code and subject headings list.
    Ex: The author describes a novel approach which uses the power of household brands as a springboard to fast track adults into reading and writing everyday functional English = El autor describe un método novedoso que utiliza el poder de las marcas muy conocidas como trampolín para acelerar el aprendizaje de la lectura y la escritura del inglés básico en los adultos.
    Ex: Jump-start your learning experience by participating in 1 or 2 half-day seminars that will help you come up to speed on the new vocabularies, processes and architectures underlying effective content management.

    * * *
    agilizar [A4 ]
    vt
    1 ‹gestiones/proceso› to expedite ( frml), to speed up
    agilizar los trámites burocráticos to speed up o streamline bureaucratic procedures
    2 ‹pensamiento/mente› to sharpen
    3 ‹ritmo/presentación› to make … livelier o more dynamic
    ‹gestiones/proceso› to speed up; ‹pensamiento/mente› to sharpen up
    * * *

     

    agilizar ( conjugate agilizar) verbo transitivo ‹gestiones/proceso› to speed up;
    ‹ pensamiento› to sharpen;
    ‹ritmo/presentación› to make … livelier o more dynamic
    agilizar vtr (acelerar un trámite) to speed up
    ' agilizar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    activar
    English:
    expedite
    * * *
    [trámites, proceso] to speed up
    * * *
    v/t speed up
    * * *
    agilizar {21} vt
    acelerar: to expedite, to speed up

    Spanish-English dictionary > agilizar

  • 9 hacer más eficiente

    (v.) = streamline
    Ex. In the field of cataloguing he streamlined the cataloguing process and secured an international reputation with his cataloguing code and subject headings list.
    * * *
    (v.) = streamline

    Ex: In the field of cataloguing he streamlined the cataloguing process and secured an international reputation with his cataloguing code and subject headings list.

    Spanish-English dictionary > hacer más eficiente

  • 10 racionalizar

    v.
    to rationalize.
    * * *
    1 to rationalize
    * * *
    VT
    1) (Psic, Fil) to rationalize
    2) (Com) to streamline, rationalize euf
    * * *
    verbo transitivo to rationalize
    * * *
    = rationalise [rationalize, -USA], streamline, slim down.
    Ex. Until we have such a code the best we can do is to try to develop some logical principles, to try to rationalize the existing headings.
    Ex. In the field of cataloguing he streamlined the cataloguing process and secured an international reputation with his cataloguing code and subject headings list.
    Ex. The abundance of book types and titles makes display and merchandising increasingly difficult; some booksellers are dealing with this by slimming down or cutting out certain categories.
    ----
    * racionalizar las operaciones = streamline + operations.
    * * *
    verbo transitivo to rationalize
    * * *
    = rationalise [rationalize, -USA], streamline, slim down.

    Ex: Until we have such a code the best we can do is to try to develop some logical principles, to try to rationalize the existing headings.

    Ex: In the field of cataloguing he streamlined the cataloguing process and secured an international reputation with his cataloguing code and subject headings list.
    Ex: The abundance of book types and titles makes display and merchandising increasingly difficult; some booksellers are dealing with this by slimming down or cutting out certain categories.
    * racionalizar las operaciones = streamline + operations.

    * * *
    vt
    A
    1 ‹empresa/producción/sistema› to rationalize, streamline
    2 ( Psic) to rationalize
    B ( Mat) to rationalize
    * * *

    racionalizar ( conjugate racionalizar) verbo transitivo
    to rationalize
    racionalizar verbo transitivo to rationalize
    ' racionalizar' also found in these entries:
    English:
    rationalize
    - stream
    * * *
    1. [expresar racionalmente] to rationalize
    2. [gastos] to rationalize
    3. Mat to rationalize
    * * *
    v/t rationalize
    * * *
    racionalizar {21} vt
    1) : to rationalize
    2) : to streamline

    Spanish-English dictionary > racionalizar

  • 11 rentabilizar

    v.
    to make profitable.
    * * *
    1 to make profitable
    * * *
    VT (=hacer rentable) to make profitable, make more profitable; (=sacar provecho de) to exploit to the full; pey to cash in on
    * * *
    verbo transitivo < inversión> to achieve a return on
    * * *
    = streamline, make + profitable, take + full advantage (of).
    Ex. In the field of cataloguing he streamlined the cataloguing process and secured an international reputation with his cataloguing code and subject headings list.
    Ex. The characteristics of financial information services have made them more profitable than bibliographic products.
    Ex. In 1972 Hans Wellisch discussed the inadequacy of LC's subject cataloging and the failure of LC to rectify this inadequacy by taking full advantage of the richness of the MARC (Machine-Readable Cataloging) format.
    ----
    * rentabilizar el uso = maximise + use.
    * rentabilizar las operaciones = streamline + operations.
    * * *
    verbo transitivo < inversión> to achieve a return on
    * * *
    = streamline, make + profitable, take + full advantage (of).

    Ex: In the field of cataloguing he streamlined the cataloguing process and secured an international reputation with his cataloguing code and subject headings list.

    Ex: The characteristics of financial information services have made them more profitable than bibliographic products.
    Ex: In 1972 Hans Wellisch discussed the inadequacy of LC's subject cataloging and the failure of LC to rectify this inadequacy by taking full advantage of the richness of the MARC (Machine-Readable Cataloging) format.
    * rentabilizar el uso = maximise + use.
    * rentabilizar las operaciones = streamline + operations.

    * * *
    vt
    ‹inversión› to achieve a return on
    han rentabilizado muy bien los $100.000 invertidos they have received o achieved a handsome return on their $100,000 investment
    tratan de rentabilizar los recursos de la zona they are trying to make the most of the area's resources
    podrá rentabilizar todos esos años de preparación she will be able to reap the benefits of all those years of training
    * * *
    to make profitable;
    rentabilizaron la inversión inicial en dos años it took them two years to make a profit on their initial investment;
    al gobierno le costó rentabilizar sus éxitos en las urnas the government struggled to turn its achievements into votes o into success at the polls
    * * *
    v/t achieve a return on; fig
    make the most of

    Spanish-English dictionary > rentabilizar

  • 12 Volta, Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio

    SUBJECT AREA: Electricity
    [br]
    b. 18 February 1745 Como, Italy
    d. 5 March 1827 Como, Italy
    [br]
    Italian physicist, discoverer of a source of continuous electric current from a pile of dissimilar metals.
    [br]
    Volta had an early command of English, French and Latin, and also learned to read Dutch and Spanish. After completing studies at the Royal Seminary in Como he was involved in the study of physics, chemistry and electricity. He became a teacher of physics in his native town and in 1779 was appointed Professor of Physics at the University of Pavia, a post he held for forty years.
    With a growing international reputation and a wish to keep abreast of the latest developments, in 1777 he began the first of many travels abroad. A journey started in 1781 to Switzerland, Germany, Belgium, Holland, France and England lasted about one year. By 1791 he had been elected to membership of many learned societies, including those in Zurich, Berlin, Berne and Paris. Volta's invention of his pile resulted from a controversy with Luigi Galvani, Professor of Anatomy at the University of Bologna. Galvani discovered that the muscles of frogs' legs contracted when touched with two pieces of different metals and attributed this to a phenomenon of the animal tissue. Volta showed that the excitation was due to a chemical reaction resulting from the contact of the dissimilar metals when moistened. His pile comprised a column of zinc and silver discs, each pair separated by paper moistened with brine, and provided a source of continuous current from a simple and accessible source. The effectiveness of the pile decreased as the paper dried and Volta devised his crown of cups, which had a longer life. In this, pairs of dissimilar metals were placed in each of a number of cups partly filled with an electrolyte such as brine. Volta first announced the results of his experiments with dissimilar metals in 1800 in a letter to Sir Joseph Banks, President of the Royal Society. This letter, published in the Transactions of the Royal Society, has been regarded as one of the most important documents in the history of science. Large batteries were constructed in a number of laboratories soon after Volta's discoveries became known, leading immediately to a series of developments in electrochemistry and eventually in electromagnetism. Volta himself made little further contribution to science. In recognition of his achievement, at a meeting of the International Electrical Congress in Paris in 1881 it was agreed to name the unit of electrical pressure the "volt".
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    FRS 1791. Royal Society Copley Medal 1794. Knight of the Iron Crown, Austria, 1806. Senator of the Realm of Lombardy 1809.
    Bibliography
    1800, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 18:744–6 (Volta's report on his discovery).
    Further Reading
    G.Polvani, 1942, Alessandro Volta, Pisa (the best account available).
    B.Dibner, 1964, Alessandro Volta and the Electric Battery, New York (a detailed account).
    C.C.Gillispie (ed.), 1976, Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Vol. XIV, New York, pp.
    66–82 (includes an extensive biography).
    F.Soresni, 1988, Alessandro Volta, Milan (includes illustrations of Volta's apparatus, with brief text).
    GW

    Biographical history of technology > Volta, Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio

  • 13 verdensberømmelse

    world-wide fame;
    ( også) achieve (el. win, gain) an international reputation.

    Danish-English dictionary > verdensberømmelse

  • 14 vinde

    clinch, gain, be first past the post, take, win, win the day, win through, wind
    * * *
    I. (en -r)
    ( hejseværk) windlass, winch;
    ( garnvinde) reel.
    II. vb (vandt, vundet) win ( fx a prize, a battle, a war, a race);
    ( opnå, især ved anstrengelse) win ( fx somebody's respect, admiration, friendship), gain ( fx he has nothing to gain in the matter),
    ( sluttelig opnå) achieve ( fx fame, an international reputation);
    ( sejre) win,
    F be victorious ( over over);
    ( spare) gain ( fx an hour), save;
    ( om ur) gain;
    (se også vindende);
    [ med sb:]
    [ vinde anerkendelse] win (, gain, achieve) recognition;
    [ vinde ( almindeligt) bifald] win (el. meet with) (general) approval;
    [ vinde hendes hjerte] win her heart;
    [ han har vundet sin sag] he has won his case;
    [ for at vinde tid] to gain time;
    [ søge at vinde tid] play for time;
    [ vinde venner] win friends;
    [ med præp, adv:]
    [ vinde ham for sin sag (el. for sig)] win him over;
    [ vinde frem] advance, make progress;
    [ vinde i kortspil] win at cards;
    [ vinde i lotteriet] win a prize in the lottery;
    (fig) when my (lucky) number comes up; when my boat (el. ship) comes in;
    (se også tipning);
    [ vinde ind på en] gain on somebody;
    [ vinde ` med] keep up with the others;
    [ vinde med 3 stemmer (, mål)] win by three votes (, goals);
    [ vinde over dem] beat them; defeat them;
    [ vinde på et straffespark] win from a penalty;
    [ det er der intet vundet ved] there is nothing to be gained by that,
    T that does not get us anywhere;
    [ han vinder ved nærmere bekendtskab] he improves on acquaintance.
    III. vb (vandt, vundet)
    ( sno, vikle) wind.

    Danish-English dictionary > vinde

  • 15 cosmopolitico

    1 ( concernente il cosmopolitismo) cosmopolitical: teorie cosmopolitiche, cosmopolitical theories
    2 ( cosmopolita) cosmopolitan; cosmopolite: fama cosmopolitica, international reputation; abitudini, idee cosmopolitiche, cosmopolitan habits, ideas.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > cosmopolitico

  • 16 Bergius, Friedrich Carl Rudolf

    [br]
    b. 11 October 1884 Goldschmieden, near Breslau, Germany
    d. 31 March Buenos Aires, Argentina
    [br]
    [br]
    After studying chemistry in Breslau and Leipzig and assisting inter alia at the institute of Fritz Haber in Karlsruhe on the catalysis of ammonia under high pressure, in 1909 he went to Hannover to pursue his idea of turning coal into liquid hydrocarbon under high hydrogen pressure (200 atm) and high temperatures (470° C). As experiments with high pressure in chemical processes were still in their initial stages and the Technical University could not support him sufficiently, he set up a private laboratory to develop the methods and to construct the equipment himself. Four years later, in 1913, his process for producing liquid or organic compounds from coal was patented.
    The economic aspects of this process were apparent as the demand for fuels and lubricants increased more rapidly than the production of oil, and Bergius's process became even more important after the outbreak of the First World War. The Th. Goldschmidt company of Essen contracted him and tried large-scale production near Mannheim in 1914, but production failed because of the lack of capital and experience to operate with high pressure on an industrial level. Both capital and experience were provided jointly by the BASF company, which produced ammonia at Merseburg, and IG Farben, which took over the Bergius process in 1925, the same year that the synthesis of hydrocarbon had been developed by Fischer-Tropsch. Two years later, at the Leuna works, almost 100,000 tonnes of oil were produced from coal; during the following years, several more hydrogenation plants were to follow, especially in the eastern parts of Germany as well as in the Ruhr area, while the government guaranteed the costs. The Bergius process was extremely important for the supply of fuels to Germany during the Second World War, with the monthly production rate in 1943–4 being more than 700,000 tonnes. However, the plants were mostly destroyed at. the end of the war and were later dismantled.
    As a consequence of this success Bergius, who had gained an international reputation, went abroad to work as a consultant to several foreign governments. Experiments aiming to reduce the costs of production are still continued in some countries. By 1925, after he had solved all the principles of his process, he had turned to the production of dextrose by hydrolyzing wood with highly concentrated hydrochloric acid.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Nobel Prize 1931. Honorary doctorates, Heidelberg, Harvard and Hannover.
    Bibliography
    1907, "Über absolute Schwefelsäure als Lösungsmittel", unpublished thesis, Weida. 1913, Die Anwendung hoher Drucke bei chemischen Vorgängen und eine Nachbildung
    des Entstehungsprozesses der Steinkohle, Halle. 1913, DRP no. 301, 231 (coal-liquefaction process).
    1925, "Verflüssigung der Kohle", Zeitschrift des Vereins Deutscher Ingenieure, 69:1313–20, 1359–62.
    1933, "Chemische Reaktionen unter hohem Druck", Les Prix Nobel en 1931, Stockholm, pp. 1–37.
    Further Reading
    Deutsches Bergbau-Museum, 1985, Friedrich Bergius und die Kohleverflüssigung. Stationen einer Entwicklung, Bochum (gives a comprehensive and illustrated description of the man and the technology).
    H.Beck, 1982, Friedrich Bergius, ein Erfinderschicksal, Munich: Deutsches Museum (a detailed biographical description).
    W.Birkendfeld, 1964, Der synthetische Treibstoff 1933–1945. Ein Beitragzur nationalsozialistischen Wirtschafts-und Rüstungspolitik, Göttingen, Berlin and Frankfurt (describes the economic value of synthetic fuels for the Third Reich).
    WK

    Biographical history of technology > Bergius, Friedrich Carl Rudolf

  • 17 Ilgner, Karl

    SUBJECT AREA: Electricity
    [br]
    b. 27 July 1862 Neisse, Upper Silesia (now Nysa, Poland)
    d. 18 January 1921 Berthelsdorf, Silesia
    [br]
    German electrical engineer, inventor of a transformer for electromotors.
    [br]
    Ilgner graduated from the Gewerbeakademie (the forerunner of the Technical University) in Berlin. As the representative of an electric manufacturing company in Breslau (now Wroclaw, Poland) from 1897, he was confronted with the fact that there were no appropriate drives for hoisting-engines or rolling-plants in steelworks. Two problems prevented the use of high-capacity electric motors in the mining as well as in the iron and steel industry: the reactions of the motors on the circuit at the peak point of stress concentration; and the complicated handling of the control system which raised the risks regarding safety. Having previously been head of the department of electrical power transmission in Hannover, he was concerned with the development of low-speed direct-current motors powered by gas engines.
    It was Harry Ward Leonard's switchgear for direct-current motors (USA, 1891) that permitted sudden and exact changes in the speed and direction of rotation without causing power loss, as demonstrated in the driving of a rolling sidewalk at the Paris World Fair of 1900. Ilgner connected this switchgear to a large and heavy flywheel which accumulated the kinetic energy from the circuit in order to compensate shock loads. With this combination, electric motors did not need special circuits, which were still weak, because they were working continuously and were regulated individually, so that they could be used for driving hoisting-engines in mines, rolling-plants in steelworks or machinery for producing tools and paper. Ilgner thus made a notable advance in the general progress of electrification.
    His transformer for hoisting-engines was patented in 1901 and was commercially used inter alia by Siemens \& Halske of Berlin. Their first electrical hoisting-engine for the Zollern II/IV mine in Dortmund gained international reputation at the Düsseldorf exhibition of 1902, and is still preserved in situ in the original machine hall of the mine, which is now a national monument in Germany. Ilgner thereafter worked with several companies to pursue his conception, became a consulting engineer in Vienna and Breslau and had a government post after the First World War in Brussels and Berlin until he retired for health reasons in 1919.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1901, DRP no. 138, 387 1903, "Der elektrische Antrieb von Reversier-Walzenstraßen", Stahl und Eisen 23:769– 71.
    Further Reading
    W.Kroker, "Karl Ilgner", Neue Deutsche Biographie, Vol. X, pp. 134–5. W.Philippi, 1924, Elektrizität im Bergbau, Leipzig (a general account).
    K.Warmbold, 1925, "Der Ilgner-Umformer in Förderanlagen", Kohle und Erz 22:1031–36 (a detailed description).
    WK

    Biographical history of technology > Ilgner, Karl

  • 18 Kind, Karl Gotthelf

    [br]
    b. 6 June 1801 Linda, near Freiberg, Germany
    d. 9 March 1873 Saarbrücken, Germany
    [br]
    German engineer, pioneer in deep drilling.
    [br]
    The son of an ore miner in Saxony, Kind was engaged in his father's profession for some years before he joined Glenck's drillings for salt at Stotternheim, Thuringia. There in 1835, after trying for five years, he self-reliantly put down a 340 m (1,100 ft) deep well; his success lay in his use of fish joints of a similar construction to those used shortly before by von Oeynhausen in Westphalia. In order to improve their operational possibilities in aquiferous wells, in 1842 he developed his own free-fall device between the rod and the drill, which enabled the chisel to reach the bottom of the hole without hindrance. His invention was patented in France. Four years later, at Mondorf, Luxembourg, he put down a 736 m (2,415 ft) deep borehole, the deepest in the world at that time.
    Kind contributed further considerable improvements to deep drilling and was the first successfully to replace iron rods with wooden ones, on account of their buoyancy in water. The main reasons for his international reputation were his attempts to bore out shafts, which he carried out for the first time in the region of Forbach, France, in 1848. Three years later he was engaged in the Ruhr area by a Belgian-and English-financed mining company, later the Dahlbusch mining company in Gelsenkirchen, to drill a hole that was later enlarged to 4.4 m (14 1/2 ft) and made watertight by lining. Although he had already taken out a patent for boring and lining shafts in 1849 in Belgium, his wooden support did not qualify. It was the Belgian engineer Joseph Chaudron, in charge of the mining company, who overcame the difficulty of making the bottom of the borehole watertight. In 1854 they jointly founded a shaft-sinking company in Brussels which specialized in aquiferous formations and operated internationally.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur 1849.
    Bibliography
    Further Reading
    H.G.Conrad, "Carl Gotthelf Kind", Neue deutsche Biographie 10:613–14.
    D.Hoffmann, 1959, 150 Jahre Tiefbohrungen in Deutschland, Vienna and Hamburg, pp. 20–5 (assesses his technological achievements).
    T.Tecklenburg, 1914, Handbuch der Tiefbohrkunde, 2nd end, Vol. VI, Berlin, pp. 36–9 (provides a detailed description of his equipment).
    J.Chaudron, 1862, "Über die nach dem Kindschen Erdbohrverfahren in Belgien ausgeführten Schachtbohrarbeiten", Berg-und Hüttenmännische Zeitung 21:402–4, (describes his contribution to making Kind's shafts watertight).
    WK

    Biographical history of technology > Kind, Karl Gotthelf

  • 19 Rammler, Erich

    [br]
    b. 9 July 1901 Tirpersdorf, near Oelsnitz, Germany
    d. 6 November 1986 Freiberg, Saxony, Germany
    [br]
    German mining engineer, developer of metallurgic coke from lignite.
    [br]
    A scholar of the Mining Academy in Freiberg, who in his dissertation dealt with the fineness of coal dust, Rammler started experiments in 1925 relating to firing this material. In the USA this process, based on coal, had turned out to be very effective in large boiler furnaces. Rammler endeavoured to apply the process to lignite and pursued general research work on various thermochemical problems as well as methods of grinding and classifying. As producing power from lignite was of specific interest for the young Soviet Union, with its large demand from its new power stations and its as-yet unexploited lignite deposits, he soon came into contact with the Soviet authorities. In his laboratory in Dresden, which he had bought from the freelance metallurgist Paul Otto Rosin after his emigration and under whom he had been working since he left the Academy, he continued his studies in refining coal and soon gained an international reputation. He opened up means of producing coke from lignite for use in metallurgical processes.
    His later work was of utmost importance after the Second World War when several countries in Eastern Europe, especially East Germany with its large lignite deposits, established their own iron and steel industries. Accordingly, the Soviet administration supported his experiments vigorously after he joined Karl Kegel's Institute for Briquetting in Freiberg in 1945. Through his numerous books and articles, he became the internationally leading expert on refining lignite and Kegel's successor as head of the Institute and Professor at the Bergakademie. Six years later, he produced for the first time high-temperature coke from lignite low in ash and sulphur for smelting in low-shaft furnaces. Rammler was widely honoured and contributed decisively to the industrial development of his country; he demonstrated new technological processes when, under austere conditions, economical and ecological considerations were neglected.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    Rammler, whose list of publications comprises more than 600 titles on various matters of his main scientific concern, also was the co-author (with E.Wächtler) of two articles on the development of briquetting brown coal in Germany, both published in 1985, Freiberger Forschungshefte, D 163 and D 169, Leipzig.
    Further Reading
    E.Wächtler, W.Mühlfriedel and W.Michel, 1976, Erich Rammler, Leipzig, (substantial biography, although packed with communist propaganda).
    M.Rasch, 1989, "Paul Rosin—Ingenieur, Hochschullehrer und Rationalisierungsfachmann". Technikgeschichte 56:101–32 (describes the framework within which Rammler's primary research developed).
    WK

    Biographical history of technology > Rammler, Erich

  • 20 Reichenbach, Georg Friedrich von

    [br]
    b. 24 August 1772 Durlach, Baden, Germany
    d. 21 May 1826 Munich, Germany
    [br]
    German engineer.
    [br]
    While he was attending the Military School at Mannheim, Reichenbach drew attention to himself due to the mathematical instruments that he had designed. On the recommendation of Count Rumford in Munich, the Bavarian government financed a two-year stay in Britain so that Reichenbach could become acquainted with modern mechanical engineering. He returned to Mannheim in 1793, and during the Napoleonic Wars he was involved in the manufacture of arms. In Munich, where he was in the service of the Bavarian state from 1796, he started producing precision instruments in his own time. His basic invention was the design of a dividing machine for circles, produced at the end of the eighteenth century. The astronomic and geodetic instruments he produced excelled all the others for their precision. His telescopes in particular, being perfect in use and of solid construction, soon brought him an international reputation. They were manufactured at the MathematicMechanical Institute, which he had jointly founded with Joseph Utzschneider and Joseph Liebherr in 1804 and which became a renowned training establishment. The glasses and lenses were produced by Joseph Fraunhofer who joined the company in 1807.
    In the same year he was put in charge of the technical reorganization of the salt-works at Reichenhall. After he had finished the brine-transport line from Reichenhall to Traunstein in 1810, he started on the one from Berchtesgaden to Reichenhall which was an extremely difficult task because of the mountainous area that had to be crossed. As water was the only source of energy available he decided to use water-column engines for pumping the brine in the pipes of both lines. Such devices had been in use for pumping purposes in different mining areas since the middle of the eighteenth century. Reichenbach knew about the one constructed by Joseph Karl Hell in Slovakia, which in principle had just been a simple piston-pump driven by water which did not work satisfactorily. Instead he constructed a really effective double-action water-column engine; this was a short time after Richard Trevithick had constructed a similar machine in England. For the second line he improved the system and built a single-action pump. All the parts of it were made of metal, which made them easy to produce, and the pumps proved to be extremely reliable, working for over 100 years.
    At the official opening of the line in 1817 the Bavarian king rewarded him generously. He remained in the state's service, becoming head of the department for roads and waterways in 1820, and he contributed to the development of Bavarian industry as well as the public infrastructure in many ways as a result of his mechanical skill and his innovative engineering mind.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    Bauernfeind, "Georg von Reichenbach" Allgemeine deutsche Biographie 27:656–67 (a reliable nineteenth-century account).
    W.Dyck, 1912, Georg v. Reichenbach, Munich.
    K.Matschoss, 1941, Grosse Ingenieure, Munich and Berlin, 3rd edn. 121–32 (a concise description of his achievements in the development of optical instruments and engineering).
    WK

    Biographical history of technology > Reichenbach, Georg Friedrich von

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