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intelligence+knowledge-based+system

  • 1 Artificial Intelligence

       In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)
       Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)
       Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inflated predictions....
       When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)
       4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, Eventually
       Just as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)
       Many problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)
       What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)
       [AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)
       The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)
       9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract Form
       The basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)
       There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:
        Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins fly? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can fly, so robins probably can fly."
        Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)
       Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)
       Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)
       The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)
        14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory Formation
       It is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)
       We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.
       Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.
       Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.
    ... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)
       Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)
        16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular Contexts
       Even if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)
       Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)
        18) The Assumption That the Mind Is a Formal System
       Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)
        19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial Intelligence
       The primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.
       The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)
       The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....
       AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)
        21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary Propositions
       In artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)
       Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)
       Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)
       The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence

  • 2 expert system

    Gen Mgt
    a computer program that emulates the reasoning and decision making of a human expert in a particular field. The main components of an expert system are the knowledge base, which consists of facts and rules about appropriate courses of action based on the knowledge and experience of human experts; the inference engine, which simulates the inductive reasoning of a human expert; and the user interface, which enables users to interact with the system. Expert systems may be used by nonexperts to solve well-defined problems when human expertise is unavailable or expensive, or by experts seeking to find solutions to complex questions. They are used for a wide variety of tasks including medical diagnostics and financial decision making, and are an application of artificial intelligence.

    The ultimate business dictionary > expert system

  • 3 sistema experto

    m.
    intelligent knowledge-based system, IKBS, expert system.
    * * *
    expert system
    * * *
    (n.) = expert system, knowledge-base system
    Ex. For the present this definition will have to stand as a statement covering programmes in which terms like ' expert systems', 'artificial intelligence', 'computer systems' abound.
    Ex. A knowledge-based system is defined as a system that displays competence through explicit knowledge representation schemes.
    * * *
    (n.) = expert system, knowledge-base system

    Ex: For the present this definition will have to stand as a statement covering programmes in which terms like ' expert systems', 'artificial intelligence', 'computer systems' abound.

    Ex: A knowledge-based system is defined as a system that displays competence through explicit knowledge representation schemes.

    Spanish-English dictionary > sistema experto

  • 4 combinar

    v.
    1 to combine.
    combina lo práctico con lo barato it is both practical and cheap
    Ella combina minerales She combines minerals.
    Ella combina trabajo y placer She combines business with pleasure.
    Ella combina posibilidades She permutes possibilities.
    2 to mix (bebidas).
    3 to match (colores).
    4 to arrange, to organize.
    5 to bind.
    * * *
    1 (gen) to combine
    2 (disponer) to arrange, plan
    3 QUÍMICA to combine
    4 (colores) to match ( con, -), go ( con, with)
    1 (ponerse de acuerdo) to get together
    * * *
    verb
    •
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) [+ esfuerzos, movimientos] to combine; [+ colores] to match, mix
    2) [+ plan, proyecto] to devise, work out
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) < ingredientes> to combine, mix together
    b) < colores> to put together

    combinar algo con algo: combinar el rojo con el violeta to put red and purple together; no puedes combinar esa falda con ese jersey — you can't wear that skirt with that sweater

    c) (Quím) to combine
    d) ( reunir) to combine
    2.
    combinar vi colores/ropa to go together
    3.
    combinarse v pron
    b) (Quím) to combine
    * * *
    = bridge, combine (together), link, marry, perform + combination, pick and mix, coalesce, blend, mix and match, piece together, concatenate, conflate, mingle (with), mesh, bundle, federate, couple, mix, mash up, conjoin, conjugate, commingle.
    Ex. BLAISE offers a variety of services bridging the cataloguing and information retrieval functions.
    Ex. Search aids are available in the form of logical statements which combine terms in order to be able to trace subjects according to a more specific document profile.
    Ex. These references operate in a similar fashion whether they are used to link authors' names or subject headings.
    Ex. At that time OCLC was already going strong, and we tried to find some backing from the State of New York and possibly from the federal government to marry those two systems.
    Ex. If a search involves more than a single term, the system searches for each term separately, and reports intermediate results before performing the combination.
    Ex. Modular courses are already in place from which a student can pick and mix.
    Ex. Mayo's conclusion was that 'the singling out of certain groups of employees for special attention had the effect of coalescing previously indifferent individuals into cohesive groups with a high degree of group ride or esprit-de-corps'.
    Ex. In her last appraisal they had observed how she blended many attractive personal qualities with intelligence, energy, and determination.
    Ex. It is possible to mix and match from copyright law, patent law and trade secret and contract law, and the choice of avenue offering the best protection will depend upon many variables.
    Ex. During his stay in Laputa, Captain Gulliver was very impressed by a book-writing machine which produced fragments of sentences which were dictated to scribes and later pieced together.
    Ex. Individual files are concatenated to allow a full Boolean search to all files simultaneously.
    Ex. Authors did not always read proofs; revises might be omitted and routines conflated.
    Ex. Not so long ago, the far off lands existed, to most people, in their imagination where they mingled with fairy tales and imaginary stories.
    Ex. Meshing together the many means of communication remains the central task of libraries and this task continues to require financial support = La tarea central de las bibliotecas sigue siendo la de combinar los númerosos medios de comunicación, algo que continúa necesitando apoyo económico.
    Ex. CD-ROM products that combine, or bundle, related information services will be at the forefront because of their usefulness to end-users.
    Ex. The usefulness of the many online periodicals and scientific digital libraries that exist today is limited by the inability to federate these resources through a unified interface.
    Ex. The author describes a model for coupling hypertext and a knowledge based system.
    Ex. Plaster was mixed with water and poured over the type, and allowed to set; when it had hardened it was lifted off the page (the oil preventing it from sticking to the type), and baked hard in an oven.
    Ex. The name comes from pop music, where DJs have made a hobby out of mashing up multiple, disparate songs to create new sounds.
    Ex. The grotesque is an effect achieved by conjoining disparate framents which do not realistically belong together.
    Ex. The problema can be solved by conjugating two bare hard disks.
    Ex. By mixing the marital property (your paycheck) with the separate property (your inheritance), you have ' commingled' them, and they cannot be considered separate property anymore.
    ----
    * combinar Algo con Algo = marry + Nombre + with + Nombre.
    * combinar con = intersperse with.
    * combinar en = meld (in/into).
    * combinar intereses = bridge + interests.
    * que combina diferentes tipos de re = multi-source [multi source].
    * volver a combinar = recombine [re-combine].
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) < ingredientes> to combine, mix together
    b) < colores> to put together

    combinar algo con algo: combinar el rojo con el violeta to put red and purple together; no puedes combinar esa falda con ese jersey — you can't wear that skirt with that sweater

    c) (Quím) to combine
    d) ( reunir) to combine
    2.
    combinar vi colores/ropa to go together
    3.
    combinarse v pron
    b) (Quím) to combine
    * * *
    = bridge, combine (together), link, marry, perform + combination, pick and mix, coalesce, blend, mix and match, piece together, concatenate, conflate, mingle (with), mesh, bundle, federate, couple, mix, mash up, conjoin, conjugate, commingle.

    Ex: BLAISE offers a variety of services bridging the cataloguing and information retrieval functions.

    Ex: Search aids are available in the form of logical statements which combine terms in order to be able to trace subjects according to a more specific document profile.
    Ex: These references operate in a similar fashion whether they are used to link authors' names or subject headings.
    Ex: At that time OCLC was already going strong, and we tried to find some backing from the State of New York and possibly from the federal government to marry those two systems.
    Ex: If a search involves more than a single term, the system searches for each term separately, and reports intermediate results before performing the combination.
    Ex: Modular courses are already in place from which a student can pick and mix.
    Ex: Mayo's conclusion was that 'the singling out of certain groups of employees for special attention had the effect of coalescing previously indifferent individuals into cohesive groups with a high degree of group ride or esprit-de-corps'.
    Ex: In her last appraisal they had observed how she blended many attractive personal qualities with intelligence, energy, and determination.
    Ex: It is possible to mix and match from copyright law, patent law and trade secret and contract law, and the choice of avenue offering the best protection will depend upon many variables.
    Ex: During his stay in Laputa, Captain Gulliver was very impressed by a book-writing machine which produced fragments of sentences which were dictated to scribes and later pieced together.
    Ex: Individual files are concatenated to allow a full Boolean search to all files simultaneously.
    Ex: Authors did not always read proofs; revises might be omitted and routines conflated.
    Ex: Not so long ago, the far off lands existed, to most people, in their imagination where they mingled with fairy tales and imaginary stories.
    Ex: Meshing together the many means of communication remains the central task of libraries and this task continues to require financial support = La tarea central de las bibliotecas sigue siendo la de combinar los númerosos medios de comunicación, algo que continúa necesitando apoyo económico.
    Ex: CD-ROM products that combine, or bundle, related information services will be at the forefront because of their usefulness to end-users.
    Ex: The usefulness of the many online periodicals and scientific digital libraries that exist today is limited by the inability to federate these resources through a unified interface.
    Ex: The author describes a model for coupling hypertext and a knowledge based system.
    Ex: Plaster was mixed with water and poured over the type, and allowed to set; when it had hardened it was lifted off the page (the oil preventing it from sticking to the type), and baked hard in an oven.
    Ex: The name comes from pop music, where DJs have made a hobby out of mashing up multiple, disparate songs to create new sounds.
    Ex: The grotesque is an effect achieved by conjoining disparate framents which do not realistically belong together.
    Ex: The problema can be solved by conjugating two bare hard disks.
    Ex: By mixing the marital property (your paycheck) with the separate property (your inheritance), you have ' commingled' them, and they cannot be considered separate property anymore.
    * combinar Algo con Algo = marry + Nombre + with + Nombre.
    * combinar con = intersperse with.
    * combinar en = meld (in/into).
    * combinar intereses = bridge + interests.
    * que combina diferentes tipos de re = multi-source [multi source].
    * volver a combinar = recombine [re-combine].

    * * *
    combinar [A1 ]
    vt
    1 ‹ingredientes› to combine, mix together
    2 ‹colores› to put together
    no se puede combinar esos dos colores you can't put those two colors together
    no sabe combinar la ropa he isn't very good at coordinating clothes
    combinar algo CON algo:
    me gusta la falda pero no tengo con qué combinarla I like the skirt but I have nothing to wear with it o to go with it
    ¿a quién se le ocurre combinar el rojo con el violeta? how could you think of putting red and purple together?
    no puedes combinar esa falda con ese jersey you can't wear that skirt with that sweater
    3 ( Quím) to combine
    4 (reunir) to combine
    ■ combinar
    vi
    «colores/ropa»: combinar CON algo; to go WITH sth
    quiero un bolso que combine con estos zapatos I want a bag that goes with o to go with these shoes
    1
    «personas» (ponerse de acuerdo): se combinaron para sorprenderlo they got together to give him a surprise
    se combinaron para gastarle una broma they got together o ganged up to play a trick on him
    nos combinamos para estar allí a las seis we all arranged to be there at six
    2 ( Quím) to combine
    * * *

     

    combinar ( conjugate combinar) verbo transitivo


    ‹ ropa› to coordinate;

    verbo intransitivo [colores/ropa] to go together;
    combinar con algo to go with sth
    combinar verbo transitivo, to combine, mix: hay que saber combinar estos dos sabores, you need to know how to best combine these two flavours
    ' combinar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    calor
    - entonar
    - ir
    - mezclar
    - pegar
    - compaginar
    - salir
    - sintetizar
    English:
    blend
    - combine
    - match
    - merge
    - coordinate
    - go
    - mix
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [unir, mezclar] to combine;
    combina lo práctico con lo barato it is both practical and cheap
    2. [bebidas] to mix
    3. [colores] to match
    4. [planificar] to arrange, to organize;
    combinan sus horarios para que siempre haya alguien en casa they arrange the hours they work so there's always somebody at home
    5. Mat to permute
    6. Quím to combine
    ♦ vi
    [colores, ropa]
    combinar con to go with;
    no tengo nada que combine con estos pantalones I haven't got anything to go o that goes with these trousers
    * * *
    v/t combine
    * * *
    1) unir: to combine, to mix together
    2) : to match, to put together
    * * *
    1. (en general) to combine
    2. (tener armonía) to match / to go with

    Spanish-English dictionary > combinar

  • 5 conocimiento

    m.
    1 knowledge.
    hablar/actuar con conocimiento de causa to know what one is talking about/doing
    poner algo en conocimiento de alguien to bring something to somebody's attention, to inform somebody of something
    tener conocimiento de algo to be aware of something
    ha llegado a mi conocimiento que estás insatisfecho it has come to my attention that you are not happy
    2 consciousness (sentido, conciencia).
    perder/recobrar el conocimiento to lose/regain consciousness
    estaba tumbado en el suelo, sin conocimiento he was lying unconscious on the floor
    3 awareness, consciousness, cognizance.
    * * *
    1 (In 1, also used in plural with the same meaning) (saber) knowledge
    2 (sensatez) good sense
    3 (conciencia) consciousness
    \
    con conocimiento de causa with full knowledge of the facts
    perder el conocimiento to lose consciousness
    poner algo en conocimiento de alguien to make something known to somebody, inform somebody of something
    recobrar el conocimiento to regain consciousness, come round
    tener conocimiento de algo to know about something
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=saber) knowledge

    conocimientos — (=nociones) knowledge sing

    mis pocos conocimientos de filosofía/cocina — my limited knowledge of philosophy/cookery

    2) (=información) knowledge

    • dar conocimiento de algo, dimos conocimiento del robo a la policía — we informed the police about the robbery

    • llegar a conocimiento de algn — to come to sb's attention o notice

    • tener conocimiento de algo, aún no tenemos conocimiento de su detención — we still do not know that he has been arrested

    desea ponerlo en conocimiento público — he wants it brought to the public's attention, he wishes it to be made public

    conocimiento de causa, hacer algo con conocimiento de causa — to be fully aware of what one is doing

    3) (=consciencia) consciousness

    recobrar o recuperar el conocimiento — to regain consciousness

    4) (=sentido común) common sense
    5) (Jur) cognizance frm
    6) (Com)
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( saber) knowledge
    b) conocimientos masculino plural ( nociones) knowledge
    2) (frml) ( información)

    dar conocimiento de algo a alguien — to inform o (frml) apprise somebody of something

    pongo en su conocimiento que... — (Corresp) I am writing to inform you that...

    con conocimiento de causa: obró con conocimiento de causa (frml) he took this step, fully aware of what the consequences would be; hablo con conocimiento de causa — I know what I'm talking about

    3) ( sentido) consciousness

    perder/recobrar el conocimiento — to lose/regain consciousness

    aún es pequeño, no tiene todavía conocimiento — he's not old enough to understand

    * * *
    = cognition, competency, enlightenment, expertise, familiarisation [familiarization, -USA], familiarity, insight, knowledge, learning, acquaintance, understanding, cognisance [cognizance, -USA], connoisseurship, consciousness.
    Ex. The information-processing model of cognition, and developments in artificial intelligence encourage such comparisons = El modelo de la cognición sobre el procesamiento de la información de y los avances de la inteligencia artificial fomentan este tipo de comparaciones.
    Ex. SLIS programmes intended to 'produce' librarians with competency in the use of IT have to be designed.
    Ex. Considered as necessary work in the interest of humanity and general enlightenment, bibliography gains ground as the years pass.
    Ex. Its primary function is to provide a centre for software and hardware expertise for its members.
    Ex. Step 1 Familiarisation: This first step involves the indexer in becoming conversant with the subject content of the document to be indexed.
    Ex. The most effective searchers are those who have both system experience and some familiarity with the subject area in which they are searching.
    Ex. The human indexer works mechanically and rapidly; he should require no insight into the document content.
    Ex. These factors form the basis of the problems in identifying a satisfactory subject approach, and start to explain the vast array of different tolls used in the subject approach to knowledge.
    Ex. It is the responsibility of educators to stretch their student's intellects, hone their skills of intuitive judgment and synthesis, and build a love of learning that will sustain them beyond the level of formal education.
    Ex. It is only with accumulating experience and many years of close study and acquaintance with bibliographic works that a really substantial body of knowledge of the potential of bibliographic sources is acquired.
    Ex. We librarians ought to have a clearer understanding of our stock-in-trade (books) and their function of social mechanism.
    Ex. The passive cognisance of growth causes considerable difficulties = El conocimiento pasivo del crecimiento causa dificultades importantes.
    Ex. This book explores the underlying institutional factors that help museum-based connoisseurship and aestheticism and university-based critical theory and revisionist scholarship exist.
    Ex. For example, the latter are unlikely to engage themselves in conservation issues as these now press upon the professional consciousness of librarians.
    ----
    * actualizar los conocimientos = upgrade + Posesivo + skills.
    * adquirir conocimiento = gain + knowledge, glean + knowledge, acquire + knowledge, build up + knowledge.
    * ampliar el conocimiento = expand + Posesivo + knowledge, expand + Posesivo + knowledge, widen + knowledge, broaden + knowledge, deepen + understanding.
    * ampliar las fronteras del conocimiento = push back + the frontiers of knowledge.
    * análisis de áreas del conocimiento = domain analysis.
    * análisis de dominios del conocimiento = domain analysis.
    * aprendizaje rico en conocimiento = knowledge-rich learning.
    * área de conocimiento = area of study.
    * área del conocimiento = area of knowledge, discipline, subject field, field of activity, knowledge domain, discipline of knowledge.
    * aumentar el conocimiento = expand + Posesivo + knowledge, deepen + awareness.
    * aumento del conocimiento = knowledge building.
    * bannco de conocimiento = knowledge bank.
    * basado en el conocimiento = knowledge-based.
    * basado en las disciplinas del conocimiento = discipline-based.
    * bibliotecario con conocimientos de medicina = informationist.
    * búsqueda del conocimiento = quest for/of knowledge.
    * campo del conocimiento = field of knowledge.
    * centrado en el conocimiento = knowledge-centric.
    * ciencia del conocimiento = cognitive science.
    * compartir el conocimiento = knowledge sharing, pool + knowledge.
    * con conocimiento = authoritatively.
    * con conocimiento básico en el manejo de la información = information literate [information-literate].
    * con conocimiento básico en el uso de la biblioteca = library literate [library-literate].
    * con conocimiento de = appreciative of, conversant with.
    * con conocimiento de causa = knowingly, knowingly.
    * con conocimiento de informática = computer literate [computer-literate].
    * con conocimiento en el uso de Internet = Internet-savvy.
    * con conocimientos en = versed in.
    * con conocimientos sobre el correo electrónico = e-mail literate.
    * con el conocimiento de que = on the understanding that.
    * conjunto de conocimientos = body of knowledge.
    * conocimiento académico = academic knowledge.
    * conocimiento acumulado sobre un tema = lore.
    * conocimiento básico = working familiarity, working knowledge.
    * conocimiento científico = scientific knowledge.
    * conocimiento compartido = knowledge sharing.
    * conocimiento de base = foundation study.
    * conocimiento de cómo sobrevivir en el bosque = woodcraft.
    * conocimiento de embarque = bill of lading.
    * conocimiento de la existencia = awareness.
    * conocimiento de lengua = language skill.
    * conocimiento del objeto = object knowledge.
    * conocimiento de los diferentes soportes = media competency.
    * conocimiento detallado = intimate knowledge.
    * conocimiento de un área temática = area knowledge.
    * conocimiento documentado = recorded knowledge.
    * conocimiento enciclopédico = factual knowledge.
    * conocimiento en tecnología = technological skill.
    * conocimiento específico = expert knowledge.
    * conocimiento experto = expert knowledge, expertise.
    * conocimiento explícito = explicit knowledge.
    * conocimiento factual = declarative knowledge.
    * conocimiento humano = human consciousness.
    * conocimiento humano, el = human record, the.
    * conocimiento indígena = indigenous knowledge.
    * conocimiento lingüístico = language skill.
    * conocimiento mutuo = mutual knowledge.
    * conocimiento pasivo = nodding acquaintance.
    * conocimiento pleno = awareness.
    * conocimiento práctico = working knowledge, procedural knowledge.
    * conocimiento previo = foreknowledge.
    * conocimientos = knowledge base [knowledge-base].
    * conocimientos básicos = literacy.
    * conocimientos básicos de búsqueda, recuperación y organización de informació = information literacy.
    * conocimientos básicos de documentación = information literacy.
    * conocimientos básicos de informática = computer literacy.
    * conocimientos básicos en tecnología = technical literacy.
    * conocimientos básicos sobre el uso de las bibliotecas = library skills.
    * conocimientos de tecnología = techno-savvy, tech-savvy.
    * conocimientos en el manejo de la información = info-savvy.
    * conocimiento sobre una materia = subject knowledge.
    * conocimientos requeridos = job specs.
    * conocimiento tácito = tacit knowledge, tacit knowledge, tacit knowledge.
    * conocimiento técnico = know-how, technical knowledge.
    * conocimiento teórico = declarative knowledge.
    * con poco conocimiento de las nuevas tecnologías = technologically challenged.
    * corpus de conocimiento = corpus of knowledge.
    * crear un fondo común de conocimientos = pool + knowledge.
    * cúmulo de conocimiento = repository of knowledge, knowledge repository.
    * decisión con conocimiento de causa = informed decision.
    * difundir el conocimiento = spread + knowledge.
    * director ejecutivo de la gestión del conocimiento = knowledge executive.
    * dominio del conocimiento = knowledge domain.
    * economía basada en el conocimiento = knowledge driven economy.
    * economía del conocimiento = knowledge economy.
    * Era del Conocimiento, la = Knowledge Age, the.
    * estructuración del conocimiento = knowledge structuring.
    * examinar los conocimientos = test + knowledge.
    * falta de conocimiento = unfamiliarity.
    * filtro del conocimiento = knowledge filter.
    * fomentar el conocimiento = advance + knowledge.
    * fondo común de conocimientos = pool of knowledge, pool of expertise.
    * frontera del conocimiento = frontier of knowledge.
    * fundamentos del conocimiento, los = foundations of knowledge, the.
    * gestión del conocimiento = knowledge management (KM).
    * gestor del conocimiento = knowledge worker, knowledge manager.
    * hacer avanzar el conocimiento = push back + the frontiers of knowledge.
    * hacer gala del conocimiento que uno tiene = air + knowledge.
    * hacer perder el conocimiento = knock + Nombre + out, knock + Nombre + unconscious.
    * hacer uso de un conocimiento = draw on/upon + knowledge.
    * impartir conocimiento = impart + knowledge.
    * inculcar conocimiento = instil + knowledge.
    * ingeniería del conocimiento = knowledge engineering.
    * ingeniero del conocimiento = knowledge engineer.
    * institucion del conocimiento = institution of learning.
    * intercambio de conocimientos = learning exchange, cross-fertilisation [cross-fertilization, -USA], cross-fertilisation of knowledge.
    * jefe de los servicios de gestión del conocimiento = chief knowledge officer (CKO).
    * metaconocimiento = meta-knowledge.
    * navegación por el conocimiento = knowledge navigation.
    * navegador del conocimiento = knowledge navigator.
    * obtener conocimiento = gain + an understanding.
    * ofrecer conocimiento = package + knowledge.
    * perder el conocimiento = lose + Posesivo + senses, pass out, lose + Posesivo + consciousness.
    * pérdida del conocimiento = unconsciousness, fainting, fainting fit, loss of consciousness.
    * personas sin conocimientos técnicos, las = non-technical, the.
    * presentar conocimiento = package + knowledge.
    * producto del conocimiento = knowledge record.
    * profundizar en el conocimiento = deepen + knowledge.
    * propagar el conocimiento = propagate + knowledge.
    * proporcionar conocimientos técnicos = supply + know-how.
    * quedarse sin conocimiento = lose + Posesivo + consciousness, pass out.
    * rama del conocimiento = branch of learning.
    * recobrar el conocimiento = regain + Posesivo + consciousness.
    * recuperar el conocimiento = regain + Posesivo + consciousness.
    * red de conocimiento = knowledge network.
    * servidor del conocimiento = knowledge server.
    * sin conocimiento = unconscious.
    * sin conocimiento de causa = unbeknown to, unbeknownst to.
    * sintetizar el conocimiento = synthesise + knowledge.
    * sistema basado en el conocimiento = knowledge-base system.
    * sistema de gestión del conocimiento = knowledge management system (KMS).
    * sociedad basada en el conocimiento = knowledge based society.
    * sociedad del conocimiento = knowledge society.
    * Sociedad para el Conocimiento Global = Global Knowledge Partnership.
    * suministrar conocimientos técnicos = supply + know-how.
    * tener conocimiento de = be privy to, be aware of.
    * toma de decisiones con conocimiento de causa = informed decision making.
    * tomar decisiones con conocimiento de causa = make + informed decisions.
    * transferencia de conocimiento = transfer of knowledge, knowledge transfer.
    * utilizar los conocimientos de Uno = put + Posesivo + knowledge to work.
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( saber) knowledge
    b) conocimientos masculino plural ( nociones) knowledge
    2) (frml) ( información)

    dar conocimiento de algo a alguien — to inform o (frml) apprise somebody of something

    pongo en su conocimiento que... — (Corresp) I am writing to inform you that...

    con conocimiento de causa: obró con conocimiento de causa (frml) he took this step, fully aware of what the consequences would be; hablo con conocimiento de causa — I know what I'm talking about

    3) ( sentido) consciousness

    perder/recobrar el conocimiento — to lose/regain consciousness

    aún es pequeño, no tiene todavía conocimiento — he's not old enough to understand

    * * *
    = cognition, competency, enlightenment, expertise, familiarisation [familiarization, -USA], familiarity, insight, knowledge, learning, acquaintance, understanding, cognisance [cognizance, -USA], connoisseurship, consciousness.

    Ex: The information-processing model of cognition, and developments in artificial intelligence encourage such comparisons = El modelo de la cognición sobre el procesamiento de la información de y los avances de la inteligencia artificial fomentan este tipo de comparaciones.

    Ex: SLIS programmes intended to 'produce' librarians with competency in the use of IT have to be designed.
    Ex: Considered as necessary work in the interest of humanity and general enlightenment, bibliography gains ground as the years pass.
    Ex: Its primary function is to provide a centre for software and hardware expertise for its members.
    Ex: Step 1 Familiarisation: This first step involves the indexer in becoming conversant with the subject content of the document to be indexed.
    Ex: The most effective searchers are those who have both system experience and some familiarity with the subject area in which they are searching.
    Ex: The human indexer works mechanically and rapidly; he should require no insight into the document content.
    Ex: These factors form the basis of the problems in identifying a satisfactory subject approach, and start to explain the vast array of different tolls used in the subject approach to knowledge.
    Ex: It is the responsibility of educators to stretch their student's intellects, hone their skills of intuitive judgment and synthesis, and build a love of learning that will sustain them beyond the level of formal education.
    Ex: It is only with accumulating experience and many years of close study and acquaintance with bibliographic works that a really substantial body of knowledge of the potential of bibliographic sources is acquired.
    Ex: We librarians ought to have a clearer understanding of our stock-in-trade (books) and their function of social mechanism.
    Ex: The passive cognisance of growth causes considerable difficulties = El conocimiento pasivo del crecimiento causa dificultades importantes.
    Ex: This book explores the underlying institutional factors that help museum-based connoisseurship and aestheticism and university-based critical theory and revisionist scholarship exist.
    Ex: For example, the latter are unlikely to engage themselves in conservation issues as these now press upon the professional consciousness of librarians.
    * actualizar los conocimientos = upgrade + Posesivo + skills.
    * adquirir conocimiento = gain + knowledge, glean + knowledge, acquire + knowledge, build up + knowledge.
    * ampliar el conocimiento = expand + Posesivo + knowledge, expand + Posesivo + knowledge, widen + knowledge, broaden + knowledge, deepen + understanding.
    * ampliar las fronteras del conocimiento = push back + the frontiers of knowledge.
    * análisis de áreas del conocimiento = domain analysis.
    * análisis de dominios del conocimiento = domain analysis.
    * aprendizaje rico en conocimiento = knowledge-rich learning.
    * área de conocimiento = area of study.
    * área del conocimiento = area of knowledge, discipline, subject field, field of activity, knowledge domain, discipline of knowledge.
    * aumentar el conocimiento = expand + Posesivo + knowledge, deepen + awareness.
    * aumento del conocimiento = knowledge building.
    * bannco de conocimiento = knowledge bank.
    * basado en el conocimiento = knowledge-based.
    * basado en las disciplinas del conocimiento = discipline-based.
    * bibliotecario con conocimientos de medicina = informationist.
    * búsqueda del conocimiento = quest for/of knowledge.
    * campo del conocimiento = field of knowledge.
    * centrado en el conocimiento = knowledge-centric.
    * ciencia del conocimiento = cognitive science.
    * compartir el conocimiento = knowledge sharing, pool + knowledge.
    * con conocimiento = authoritatively.
    * con conocimiento básico en el manejo de la información = information literate [information-literate].
    * con conocimiento básico en el uso de la biblioteca = library literate [library-literate].
    * con conocimiento de = appreciative of, conversant with.
    * con conocimiento de causa = knowingly, knowingly.
    * con conocimiento de informática = computer literate [computer-literate].
    * con conocimiento en el uso de Internet = Internet-savvy.
    * con conocimientos en = versed in.
    * con conocimientos sobre el correo electrónico = e-mail literate.
    * con el conocimiento de que = on the understanding that.
    * conjunto de conocimientos = body of knowledge.
    * conocimiento académico = academic knowledge.
    * conocimiento acumulado sobre un tema = lore.
    * conocimiento básico = working familiarity, working knowledge.
    * conocimiento científico = scientific knowledge.
    * conocimiento compartido = knowledge sharing.
    * conocimiento de base = foundation study.
    * conocimiento de cómo sobrevivir en el bosque = woodcraft.
    * conocimiento de embarque = bill of lading.
    * conocimiento de la existencia = awareness.
    * conocimiento de lengua = language skill.
    * conocimiento del objeto = object knowledge.
    * conocimiento de los diferentes soportes = media competency.
    * conocimiento detallado = intimate knowledge.
    * conocimiento de un área temática = area knowledge.
    * conocimiento documentado = recorded knowledge.
    * conocimiento enciclopédico = factual knowledge.
    * conocimiento en tecnología = technological skill.
    * conocimiento específico = expert knowledge.
    * conocimiento experto = expert knowledge, expertise.
    * conocimiento explícito = explicit knowledge.
    * conocimiento factual = declarative knowledge.
    * conocimiento humano = human consciousness.
    * conocimiento humano, el = human record, the.
    * conocimiento indígena = indigenous knowledge.
    * conocimiento lingüístico = language skill.
    * conocimiento mutuo = mutual knowledge.
    * conocimiento pasivo = nodding acquaintance.
    * conocimiento pleno = awareness.
    * conocimiento práctico = working knowledge, procedural knowledge.
    * conocimiento previo = foreknowledge.
    * conocimientos = knowledge base [knowledge-base].
    * conocimientos básicos = literacy.
    * conocimientos básicos de búsqueda, recuperación y organización de informació = information literacy.
    * conocimientos básicos de documentación = information literacy.
    * conocimientos básicos de informática = computer literacy.
    * conocimientos básicos en tecnología = technical literacy.
    * conocimientos básicos sobre el uso de las bibliotecas = library skills.
    * conocimientos de tecnología = techno-savvy, tech-savvy.
    * conocimientos en el manejo de la información = info-savvy.
    * conocimiento sobre una materia = subject knowledge.
    * conocimientos requeridos = job specs.
    * conocimiento tácito = tacit knowledge, tacit knowledge, tacit knowledge.
    * conocimiento técnico = know-how, technical knowledge.
    * conocimiento teórico = declarative knowledge.
    * con poco conocimiento de las nuevas tecnologías = technologically challenged.
    * corpus de conocimiento = corpus of knowledge.
    * crear un fondo común de conocimientos = pool + knowledge.
    * cúmulo de conocimiento = repository of knowledge, knowledge repository.
    * decisión con conocimiento de causa = informed decision.
    * difundir el conocimiento = spread + knowledge.
    * director ejecutivo de la gestión del conocimiento = knowledge executive.
    * dominio del conocimiento = knowledge domain.
    * economía basada en el conocimiento = knowledge driven economy.
    * economía del conocimiento = knowledge economy.
    * Era del Conocimiento, la = Knowledge Age, the.
    * estructuración del conocimiento = knowledge structuring.
    * examinar los conocimientos = test + knowledge.
    * falta de conocimiento = unfamiliarity.
    * filtro del conocimiento = knowledge filter.
    * fomentar el conocimiento = advance + knowledge.
    * fondo común de conocimientos = pool of knowledge, pool of expertise.
    * frontera del conocimiento = frontier of knowledge.
    * fundamentos del conocimiento, los = foundations of knowledge, the.
    * gestión del conocimiento = knowledge management (KM).
    * gestor del conocimiento = knowledge worker, knowledge manager.
    * hacer avanzar el conocimiento = push back + the frontiers of knowledge.
    * hacer gala del conocimiento que uno tiene = air + knowledge.
    * hacer perder el conocimiento = knock + Nombre + out, knock + Nombre + unconscious.
    * hacer uso de un conocimiento = draw on/upon + knowledge.
    * impartir conocimiento = impart + knowledge.
    * inculcar conocimiento = instil + knowledge.
    * ingeniería del conocimiento = knowledge engineering.
    * ingeniero del conocimiento = knowledge engineer.
    * institucion del conocimiento = institution of learning.
    * intercambio de conocimientos = learning exchange, cross-fertilisation [cross-fertilization, -USA], cross-fertilisation of knowledge.
    * jefe de los servicios de gestión del conocimiento = chief knowledge officer (CKO).
    * metaconocimiento = meta-knowledge.
    * navegación por el conocimiento = knowledge navigation.
    * navegador del conocimiento = knowledge navigator.
    * obtener conocimiento = gain + an understanding.
    * ofrecer conocimiento = package + knowledge.
    * perder el conocimiento = lose + Posesivo + senses, pass out, lose + Posesivo + consciousness.
    * pérdida del conocimiento = unconsciousness, fainting, fainting fit, loss of consciousness.
    * personas sin conocimientos técnicos, las = non-technical, the.
    * presentar conocimiento = package + knowledge.
    * producto del conocimiento = knowledge record.
    * profundizar en el conocimiento = deepen + knowledge.
    * propagar el conocimiento = propagate + knowledge.
    * proporcionar conocimientos técnicos = supply + know-how.
    * quedarse sin conocimiento = lose + Posesivo + consciousness, pass out.
    * rama del conocimiento = branch of learning.
    * recobrar el conocimiento = regain + Posesivo + consciousness.
    * recuperar el conocimiento = regain + Posesivo + consciousness.
    * red de conocimiento = knowledge network.
    * servidor del conocimiento = knowledge server.
    * sin conocimiento = unconscious.
    * sin conocimiento de causa = unbeknown to, unbeknownst to.
    * sintetizar el conocimiento = synthesise + knowledge.
    * sistema basado en el conocimiento = knowledge-base system.
    * sistema de gestión del conocimiento = knowledge management system (KMS).
    * sociedad basada en el conocimiento = knowledge based society.
    * sociedad del conocimiento = knowledge society.
    * Sociedad para el Conocimiento Global = Global Knowledge Partnership.
    * suministrar conocimientos técnicos = supply + know-how.
    * tener conocimiento de = be privy to, be aware of.
    * toma de decisiones con conocimiento de causa = informed decision making.
    * tomar decisiones con conocimiento de causa = make + informed decisions.
    * transferencia de conocimiento = transfer of knowledge, knowledge transfer.
    * utilizar los conocimientos de Uno = put + Posesivo + knowledge to work.

    * * *
    A
    1 (saber) knowledge
    tiene algunos conocimientos de inglés he has some knowledge of English, he knows some English
    B ( frml)
    (información): dio conocimiento del suceso a las autoridades he informed o ( frml) apprised the authorities of the incident
    puso el hecho en conocimiento de la policía she informed the police of the incident, she reported the incident to the police
    pongo en su conocimiento que … ( Corresp) I am writing to inform you that …
    al tener conocimiento del suceso upon learning of the incident ( frml)
    a esas horas no se tenía todavía conocimiento de la noticia at that time we/they still had not heard the news
    ciertas personas tienen conocimiento de sus actividades certain people are aware of her activities
    llegar a conocimiento de algn to come to sb's attention o notice ( frml)
    con conocimiento de causa: obró con conocimiento de causa ( frml); he took this step, fully aware of what the consequences would be
    te lo digo con conocimiento de causa I know what I'm talking about
    Compuesto:
    bill of lading, waybill
    C (sentido) consciousness
    perder el conocimiento to lose consciousness
    cuando recobró el conocimiento when he regained consciousness, when he came to o round
    estar sin conocimiento to be unconscious
    D
    (entendimiento): aún es pequeño, no tiene todavía conocimiento he's not old enough to understand
    * * *

     

    conocimiento sustantivo masculino


    poner algo en conocimiento de algn to inform sb of sth;
    tener conocimiento de algo to be aware of sth

    ◊ perder/recobrar el conocimiento to lose/regain consciousness;

    estar sin conocimiento to be unconscious
    conocimiento sustantivo masculino
    1 knowledge
    2 (conciencia) consciousness
    3 conocimientos, knowledge
    ♦ Locuciones: perder/recobrar el conocimiento, to lose/regain consciousness
    con conocimiento de causa, with full knowledge of the facts
    ' conocimiento' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    braga
    - ciencia
    - conciencia
    - desfallecer
    - desvanecerse
    - dominio
    - error
    - orientación
    - parcela
    - revelar
    - sentida
    - sentido
    - experiencia
    - perder
    - pérdida
    - reanimar
    - recobrar
    - saber
    English:
    acquaintance
    - air
    - black out
    - blackout
    - cognizance
    - come to
    - comprehensive
    - consciousness
    - familiarity
    - grounding
    - improve
    - knock out
    - knowledge
    - notice
    - privy
    - recover
    - self-awareness
    - sketchy
    - superficial
    - thorough
    - unconsciousness
    - black
    - knock
    - know
    - pass
    * * *
    1. [saber] knowledge;
    hablar/actuar con conocimiento de causa to know what one is talking about/doing;
    puso el robo en conocimiento de la policía she informed the police of the burglary;
    ponemos en su conocimiento que se ha detectado un error en el programa this is to inform you that an error has been detected in the program;
    no teníamos conocimiento de su dimisión we were not aware that he had resigned;
    al tener conocimiento del accidente, acudió inmediatamente al hospital when she found out about the accident she immediately went to the hospital;
    ha llegado a mi conocimiento que estás insatisfecho it has come to my attention that you are not happy
    2.
    conocimientos [nociones] knowledge;
    tengo algunos conocimientos de informática I have some knowledge of computers, I know a bit about computers;
    nuestros conocimientos acerca de la enfermedad son muy limitados our knowledge of the disease is very limited, we know very little about the disease
    3. [sentido, conciencia] consciousness;
    perder el conocimiento to lose consciousness;
    recobrar el conocimiento to regain consciousness;
    estaba tumbado en el suelo, sin conocimiento he was lying unconscious on the floor
    4. [juicio] (common) sense;
    5. Com conocimiento de embarque bill of lading
    * * *
    m
    1 knowledge;
    con conocimiento de causa hacer algo fully aware of the consequences;
    para su conocimiento for your information;
    conocimientos pl ( nociones) knowledge sg
    2 MED consciousness;
    perder el conocimiento lose consciousness;
    sin conocimiento unconscious;
    recobrar el conocimiento regain consciousness
    * * *
    1) : knowledge
    2) sentido: consciousness
    * * *
    1. (en general) knowledge
    2. (sentido) consciousness

    Spanish-English dictionary > conocimiento

  • 6 sistema

    m.
    por sistema systematically
    sistema circulatorio circulatory system
    sistema decimal decimal system
    sistema fiscal o impositivo tax system
    sistema inmunológico immune system
    sistema métrico (decimal) metric (decimal) system
    sistema monetario europeo European Monetary System
    sistema montañoso mountain chain o range
    sistema nervioso nervous system
    sistema periódico de los elementos periodic table of elements
    sistema de seguridad security system
    sistema solar solar system
    2 method.
    3 system (computing).
    sistema experto/operativo expert/operating system
    * * *
    1 system
    \
    por sistema as a rule
    sistema cableado hard-wired system
    sistema de ecuaciones simultaneous equations plural
    sistema experto expert system
    sistema métrico decimal decimal metric system
    sistema montañoso mountain chain
    sistema nervioso nervous system
    sistema operativo operative system
    sistema planetario planetary system
    sistema solar solar system
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=conjunto ordenado) system

    sistema binario — (Inform) binary system

    sistema de calefacción — heating, heating system

    sistema de fondo fijo — (Com) imprest system

    sistema frontal — (Meteo) front, frontal system

    sistema inmunitario, sistema inmunológico — immune system

    sistema rastreador — [en investigaciones espaciales] tracking system

    2) (=método) method

    yo por sistema lo hago así — I make it a rule to do it this way, I've got into the habit of doing it this way

    * * *
    1) ( método) system
    2) ( conjunto organizado) system

    el sistema educativo/impositivo — the education/tax system

    •
    * * *
    = framework, machinery, system, regime [régime], ways and means.
    Ex. The intention is to establish a general framework, and then to give exceptions or further explanation and examples for each area in turn.
    Ex. We can choose to turn our backs on these principles with fatuous arguments which posit their anachronism and the nonexistent intelligence of computing machinery.
    Ex. The training of users of On-line Public Access Catalogues (OPACs) should be attuned to the characteristics of the system = La formación de usuarios de los catálogos en linea de acceso público (CEAP) debería estar en consonancia con las características del sistema.
    Ex. This study found that online access to scientific serials is most appropriate in the third world, principally due to the presence of a small number of scientists with a broad range of interests which makes the fixed-price regimes of print, microform or CD-ROM disadvantageous.
    Ex. Teachers need to be more familiar with bibliographical ways and means: librarians should be more aware of problems from the teachers' perspective and make active efforts to inform teachers of sources of help.
    ----
    * abusar del sistema = game + the system, milk + the system.
    * activar un sistema = activate + system.
    * administrador del sistema = system administrator.
    * ADONIS (Distribución automática de documentos a través de sistemas de inform = ADONIS (Automated Document Delivery Over Networked Information Systems).
    * alterar el sistema = perturb + the system.
    * análisis de sistemas = system(s) analysis.
    * analista de sistemas = system(s) analyst.
    * analista de sistemas de gestión bibliotecaria = library systems analyst.
    * aprovecharse del sistema = game + the system, milk + the system.
    * auditoría de sistemas = systems audit, systems auditing.
    * auditoría de sistemas de información = information systems auditing, information systems audit.
    * bibliotecario de sistemas = systems librarian.
    * brecha del sistema de seguridad = security leak.
    * brecha en el sistema de seguridad = security hole.
    * burlar el sistema = beat + the system, game + the system.
    * caída del sistema = system crash.
    * catálogo del sistema = system catalogue.
    * Comité Conjunto para Sistemas de Información (JISC) = Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC).
    * configurador del sistema = system configurator.
    * controlador del sistema = system controller.
    * conversión al sistema decimal = decimalisation [decimalization, -USA].
    * conversión al sistema métrico = metrication.
    * convertir al sistema decimal = decimalise [decimalize, -USA].
    * copia de seguridad del sistema = system backup.
    * desafiar al sistema = beat + the system.
    * desarrollo de sistemas = system(s) development.
    * de todo el sistema = systemwide.
    * diseñador de sistemas = systems designer, system designer, system developer.
    * diseño de sistemas = systems design.
    * documentación del sistema = system documentation.
    * engañar al sistema = beat + the system, game + the system.
    * en todo el sistema = systemwide.
    * entre el hombre y el sistema = human-system.
    * en varios sistemas = cross-system.
    * evaluación de sistemas = system(s) evaluation.
    * fichero de existencias del sistema = system holdings file.
    * fichero de usuarios del sistema = system user file.
    * funcionar por un sistema de turnos = work on + a rota system, work on + a rota, work + shifts.
    * interfaz usuario-sistema = user/system interface.
    * ir en contra del sistema = buck + the system.
    * ISDS (Sistema Internacional de Datos sobre Publicaciones Seriadas) = ISDS (International Serials Data System).
    * mantener un sistema de turnos = hold + a rota of.
    * mostrar el prompt del sistema = prompt.
    * NISTF (Grupo de Trabajo sobre los Sistemas Nacionales de Información de la A = NISTF (Society of American Archivists National Information Systems Task Force).
    * nombre de acceso al sistema = system logon name.
    * organizar un sistema de turnos de + Nombre = organise + a rota of + Nombre.
    * PADIS (Sistema de Información para el Desarrollo de Africa) = PADIS (Pan-African Development Information System).
    * parecido a un sistema experto = expert-type.
    * promovido por el propio sistema de información = information-led.
    * prompt del sistema = system prompt.
    * propio del sistema = built-in.
    * protección del sistema = system security.
    * proveedor de sistemas = systems supplier, system supplier [systems supplier].
    * Proyecto para Sistemas Conectados (LSP) = Linked Systems Project (LSP).
    * responsable del sistema = system programmer.
    * seguridad del sistema = system security.
    * sistema abierto = open system.
    * sistema agrícola = farming system.
    * sistema anglosajón de medidas = imperial measures.
    * sistema anticuado = legacy system.
    * sistema antiguo = legacy system.
    * sistema antirrobo de libros = book security system, library security system.
    * sistema auditivo, el = auditory system, the.
    * sistema automatizado = data system, automated system, computerised system.
    * sistema automatizado de bibliotecas = automated library information system, library computer system.
    * sistema automatizado de indización = computer-based indexing system.
    * sistema automatizado de préstamo = automated lending system, computerised issue system.
    * sistema automatizado multimedia = multimedia computer system.
    * sistema automatizado para la recuperación = computerised document retrieval system, computerised information retrieval system.
    * sistema automatizado para la recuperación de documentos = computerised document retrieval system.
    * sistema automatizado para la recuperación de información = computerised information retrieval system.
    * sistema automatizado por microordenador = microcomputer-based system.
    * sistema bancario, el = banking system, the.
    * sistema basado en el conocimiento = knowledge-base system.
    * sistema basado en las imágenes = image-based system.
    * sistema bibliotecario = library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario automatizado = automated library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario de bibliotecas de un sólo tipo = single-type library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario de bibliotecas de varios tipos = multitype library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario nacional = national library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario regional = regional library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario universitario = university library system.
    * sistema + caerse = system + crash.
    * sistema cardiovascular = cardiovascular system.
    * sistema cerebroespinal, el = cerebrospinal system, the.
    * sistema circulatorio = circulatory system.
    * sistema comercial = market system, commercial system.
    * sistema de abastecimiento de agua = waterworks.
    * sistema de acceso mediante tarjeta = card access system.
    * sistema de aire acondicionado = air conditioning system, air cooling system.
    * sistema de alarma = alarm system, detection system.
    * sistema de alcantarillado = sewerage system, sewerage.
    * sistema de alerta = early warning system.
    * sistema de alerta de novedades tecnológicas = technology watch.
    * sistema de alerta temprana = early warning system.
    * sistema de alimentación = fuel system.
    * sistema de almacenamiento y recuperación de la información = information storage and retrieval system.
    * sistema de altas presiones = high-pressure system, ridge of high pressure.
    * sistema de alumbrado = lighting system.
    * sistema de apoyo a la toma de decisiones = decision support system, decision making system.
    * sistema de archivo = archiving system.
    * sistema de arranque = starting system.
    * sistema de asignaturas optativas = course elective system.
    * sistema de asistencia sanitaria = health care system.
    * sistema de autoedición = desktop system.
    * sistema de automatización de bibliotecas = library automation system.
    * sistema de aviso de reclamaciones = claims warning system.
    * sistema de ayuda = help system.
    * sistema de ayuda a la gestión = management support system (MSS).
    * sistema de bajas presiones = ridge of low pressure, low pressure system.
    * sistema de becas = grant scheme.
    * sistema de bibliotecas públicas = public library system.
    * sistema de búsqueda = paging system.
    * sistema de cableado = wiring system.
    * sistema de cables eléctricos = electrical wiring.
    * sistema de calefacción = heating system.
    * sistema de castas = caste system.
    * sistema de cierre = locking system.
    * sistema decimal = decimal system.
    * sistema de circulación automatizado = automated circulation system.
    * sistema de circulación del agua = water circulation system.
    * sistema de clases sociales = class system.
    * sistema de clasificación = classification scheme, scheme, classification system, classification schedules, grading system.
    * sistema de clasificación analítico = analytical classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación de Bliss = Bliss classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación decimal = decimal classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación de la Biblioteca del Congreso = LCC (Library of Congress Classification).
    * sistema de clasificación dicotomizado = dichotomized classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación enciclopédica = general classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación enumerativo = enumerative classification scheme, enumerative scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación especializado = special classification scheme, special scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación facetado = faceted classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación general = general scheme, general classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación jerárquico = hierarchical classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación lineal = linear classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación multidimensional = multidimensional classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación por disciplinas = discipline-oriented scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación sintético = synthetic classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación universal = universal classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación verbal = verbal classification system.
    * sistema de cobro por la información usada = information metering.
    * sistema de codificación = coding system.
    * sistema de compañías = companionship system.
    * sistema de comunicación = communication system.
    * sistema de comunicaciones = communication system.
    * Sistema de Comunicaciones y de Archivo Fotográfico (PACS) = Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS).
    * sistema de comunicación óptica = optical communication system.
    * Sistema de Comunicación por Paquetes (PSS) = Packet-Switching System (PSS).
    * sistema de conductos eléctricos = ducting system.
    * sistema de conferencia en línea = online conferencing system.
    * sistema de control = monitoring system, vetting system.
    * sistema de control de la salida = exit control system.
    * sistema de control de publicaciones seriadas = serials system, serials control system.
    * sistema de conversión de texto a voz = text-to-speech system.
    * sistema de copias de seguridad = backup system.
    * sistema de creencias = belief system.
    * sistema de criba = vetting system.
    * sistema de deducción de puntos = points system.
    * sistema de defensa = defence system.
    * sistema de detección = detection system.
    * sistema de detección de libros = book detection system.
    * sistema de digitalización de documentos = document imaging system.
    * sistema de discos ópticos = optical disc system.
    * sistema de distribución = distribution system.
    * sistema de drenaje = drainage system.
    * sistema de emergencia = backup supply, backup system.
    * sistema de emisión de gases = exhaust system.
    * sistema de emisión de humos = exhaust system.
    * sistema de encendido = ignition system.
    * sistema de entrada mediante tarjetas = card-entry system.
    * sistema de entrada múltiple = multiple entry system.
    * sistema de entrada única = single entry system.
    * sistema de escritura = writing system.
    * sistema de evaluación = rating system.
    * sistema de evaluación anónima = double-blind.
    * sistema de evaluación por paresanónima = double-blind refereeing system.
    * sistema de extinción de incendios mediante rociadores de agua = water sprinkler fire extinguishing system.
    * sistema de extinción de incendios = fire extinguishing system, extinguishing system.
    * sistema de extinción de incendios mediante gas halón = halon gas fire extinguishing system.
    * sistema de facturación = billing system.
    * sistema de facturación por uso = cost billing system.
    * sistema defensivo = defence system.
    * sistema de fichas = card based system.
    * sistema de fichas peek-a-boo = peek-a-boo system.
    * sistema de frenado = brake system, braking system.
    * sistema de frenado antibloqueo = antilock braking system.
    * sistema de frenos = brake system, braking system.
    * sistema de géneros = sex/gender system.
    * sistema de gestión bibliotecaria = library system, library management system.
    * sistema de gestión de documentos = record(s) system.
    * sistema de gestión de documentos electrónicos = electronic document management system (EDMS).
    * sistema de gestión de imágenes = imaging system, image-based system, image management system.
    * sistema de gestión de la información (SGI) = information management system (IMS).
    * sistema de gestión del conocimiento = knowledge management system (KMS).
    * Sistema de Gestión de Mensajes (MHS) = Message Handling System (MHS).
    * sistema de gestión de registros = record(s) system.
    * sistema de gestión documental = information retrieval system (IRS), record(s) system.
    * sistema de gobierno = polity.
    * sistema de iluminación = lighting system.
    * sistema de incentivos = reward system, system of incentives [incentive system].
    * sistema de indización = indexing system, index system.
    * sistema de indización con conservación del contexto (PRECIS) = PRECIS.
    * Sistema de Indización de Estructura Profunda (DSIS) = Deep Structure Indexing System (DSIS).
    * sistema de indización de fichas = card index system.
    * Sistema de Indización por Frases Anidadas (NEPHIS) = Nested Phrase Indexing System (NEPHIS).
    * sistema de indización postcoordinada = post-coordinate indexing system.
    * sistema de indización PRECIS = PRECIS indexing system.
    * sistema de indización precoordinada = pre-coordinate indexing system.
    * sistema de información = information system.
    * Sistema de Información Bibliotecario = LIBRIS.
    * sistema de información documental = document information system.
    * Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) = Geographic Information System (GIS).
    * sistema de información integrado = integrated information system.
    * sistema de información sectorial = sectoral information system.
    * Sistema de Información sobre Literatura Gris en Europa (SIGLE) = SIGLE (System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe).
    * sistema + dejar de funcionar = system + crash.
    * sistema de justicia penal = criminal justice system.
    * sistema de la ciencia, el = system of science, the.
    * sistema de lápiz óptico = data pen system.
    * sistema de llave en mano = turnkey system, turnkey software system.
    * sistema de lógica difusa = fuzzy system.
    * sistema del olfato = olfactory system.
    * sistema de medición de los recursos usados = metering system.
    * sistema de megafonía = public address system.
    * sistema de mercado = market system.
    * sistema de multas = fines system.
    * sistema de multiusuarios = multi-user system.
    * sistema de notas = grading system.
    * sistema de numeración = numbering scheme, numbering system.
    * sistema de petición de documentos = document delivery system.
    * sistema de préstamo = circulation system, issue system, lending system, book checking system, charge out system, library issue system.
    * sistema de préstamo automatizado = automated circulation system.
    * sistema de préstamo interbibliotecario = interlibrary loan system.
    * sistema de presupuestación mediante planificación y programación = planning programming budgeting system (PPBS).
    * sistema de primas = bonus scheme.
    * sistema de procesamiento de información = information processing system.
    * sistema de proceso de datos = data processing system.
    * sistema de proceso de imágenes = imaging system.
    * sistema de puntuación = point system.
    * sistema de reclamaciones = chasing system.
    * sistema de recompensa = reward system.
    * sistema de reconocimiento académico = academic reward(s) system.
    * sistema de recuperación = retrieval system.
    * sistema de recuperación de imágenes = image retrieval system.
    * sistema de recuperación de información = IR system.
    * sistema de recuperación de información por medio de menús = menu-based information retrieval system.
    * sistema de recuperación por relevancia = relevance system.
    * sistema de referencia = reference system, reference system.
    * sistema de referencia por coordenadas = grid reference.
    * sistema de refrigeración = cooling system.
    * sistema de registro = recording system.
    * sistema de reservas = booking system.
    * sistema de retransmisión = relay system.
    * sistema de rociadores de agua = sprinkler system, water sprinkler system.
    * sistema de saneamiento = sewerage system, sewerage.
    * sistema de seguimiento = monitoring system.
    * sistema de seguridad = security system, backup system.
    * sistema de selección = vetting system.
    * sistema de sonido cuadrafónico = quadrophonic system.
    * sistema de suministro de documentos = document supply system.
    * sistema de suministro de información = information supply system.
    * sistema de tarifas = charging system.
    * sistema de telecomunicaciones = telecommunication system.
    * sistema de televisión en color = colour system.
    * sistema de tiempo real = real-time system.
    * sistema de traducción automatizada = machine translation system.
    * sistema de transferencia de documentos = document delivery system.
    * sistema de transmisión de mensajes = messaging system.
    * sistema de transporte = transport system.
    * sistema de transporte público = public transport system.
    * sistema de tratamiento de imágenes = image processing system.
    * sistema de trueque, el = barter system, the.
    * sistema de tubos neumáticos = pneumatic tube system.
    * sistema de turnos = rota system.
    * sistema de valores = system of values, value system.
    * sistema de valores personales = personal value system.
    * sistema de valores sociales = social value system.
    * sistema de ventilación = ventilation system.
    * sistema de vídeodisco = video disc system.
    * Sistema de Vídeo Familiar (VHS) = VHS (Video Home System).
    * sistema de videotexto = videotext system.
    * sistema de videotexto público = public viewdata system.
    * sistema de vigilancia = surveillance system.
    * sistema de vigilancia electrónica = electronic surveillance system.
    * sistema digestivo = digestive system.
    * sistema documental = documentary system.
    * sistema económico = economic system.
    * sistema educativo = educational system, education system.
    * sistema electoral = electoral system.
    * sistema eléctrico = electrical system.
    * sistema electrónico de detección de robos = electronic theft detection system.
    * sistema endocrino, el = endocrine system, the.
    * sistema en el que el documento aparece representado en un único lugar del ín = one-place system.
    * sistema energético = energy system.
    * sistema en lenguaje natural = natural language system.
    * sistema en línea = online system.
    * sistema en red = network system.
    * sistema en uso = operational system.
    * sistema escolar, el = school system, the.
    * sistema ético = ethical system.
    * sistema experto = expert system, knowledge-base system.
    * Sistema General de Ordenación (SGO) = Broad System of Ordering (BSO).
    * sistema híbrido = hybrid system.
    * sistema ideológico = system of thought.
    * sistema informático = computing system, computer system.
    * sistema informático hecho por encargo = tailored system.
    * sistema inmunológico = immune system.
    * sistema integrado = integrated system.
    * sistema integrado de gestión bibliotecaria = integrated library package.
    * sistema inteligente = intelligent system.
    * sistema interactivo = interactive system.
    * sistema interactivo en línea = interactive online system.
    * sistema intermediario = backend system.
    * Sistema Internacional de Información sobre Agricultura (AGRIS) = AGRIS (International Agricultural Information System).
    * Sistema Internacional de Unidades, el = International System of Units, the.
    * sistema judicial = judicial system.
    * sistema legal, el = legal system, the.
    * sistema mercantil = market system.
    * sistema mercantilista = mercantile system.
    * sistema métrico decimal, el = metric system, the, decimal metric system, the.
    * sistema métrico, el = metric system, the.
    * sistema monetario = coinage.
    * sistema monetario, el = coinage system, the.
    * Sistema Monetario Europeo = European Monetary System.
    * sistema nervioso = nervous system.
    * sistema nervioso central = central nervous system.
    * sistema nervioso periférico = peripheral nervous system.
    * sistema numérico = numbering scheme, numbering system.
    * sistema obsoleto = legacy system.
    * sistema ofimático = office system.
    * sistema olfativo = olfactory system.
    * sistema operativo = operating system, operational system, computer operating system.
    * sistema operativo de disco = Disc Operating System (DOS).
    * sistema óptico = optical system, optical system.
    * sistema óptico de información = optical information system.
    * sistema orgánico = organ system.
    * sistema organizativo = organisational scheme, organisation scheme.
    * sistema para el análisis formal de documentos = markup code.
    * sistema para el análisis formal de documentos web = markup system.
    * sistema para información geográfica (SIG) = Geographical Information System (GIS).
    * sistema para la información de gestión = management information system (MIS).
    * Sistema para la Información Geográfica (SIG) = Geographic Information System (GIS).
    * sistema para la recuperación de texto libre = free text retrieval system.
    * sistema penal = penal system.
    * sistema penitenciario = penal system.
    * sistema personal = home system.
    * sistema político = political system.
    * sistema político unipartidista = one-party rule.
    * sistema precoordinado = pre-coordinate system.
    * sistema respiratorio = respiratory system.
    * sistema social = social system.
    * sistema solar, el = solar system, the.
    * sistema + venirse abajo = system + crash.
    * sistema virtual de gestión de cursos = course management system.
    * teoría de sistemas = systems theory.
    * vendedor de sistemas = systems vendor.
    * volver a levantar el sistema = restart.
    * * *
    1) ( método) system
    2) ( conjunto organizado) system

    el sistema educativo/impositivo — the education/tax system

    •
    * * *
    = framework, machinery, system, regime [régime], ways and means.

    Ex: The intention is to establish a general framework, and then to give exceptions or further explanation and examples for each area in turn.

    Ex: We can choose to turn our backs on these principles with fatuous arguments which posit their anachronism and the nonexistent intelligence of computing machinery.
    Ex: The training of users of On-line Public Access Catalogues (OPACs) should be attuned to the characteristics of the system = La formación de usuarios de los catálogos en linea de acceso público (CEAP) debería estar en consonancia con las características del sistema.
    Ex: This study found that online access to scientific serials is most appropriate in the third world, principally due to the presence of a small number of scientists with a broad range of interests which makes the fixed-price regimes of print, microform or CD-ROM disadvantageous.
    Ex: Teachers need to be more familiar with bibliographical ways and means: librarians should be more aware of problems from the teachers' perspective and make active efforts to inform teachers of sources of help.
    * abusar del sistema = game + the system, milk + the system.
    * activar un sistema = activate + system.
    * administrador del sistema = system administrator.
    * ADONIS (Distribución automática de documentos a través de sistemas de inform = ADONIS (Automated Document Delivery Over Networked Information Systems).
    * alterar el sistema = perturb + the system.
    * análisis de sistemas = system(s) analysis.
    * analista de sistemas = system(s) analyst.
    * analista de sistemas de gestión bibliotecaria = library systems analyst.
    * aprovecharse del sistema = game + the system, milk + the system.
    * auditoría de sistemas = systems audit, systems auditing.
    * auditoría de sistemas de información = information systems auditing, information systems audit.
    * bibliotecario de sistemas = systems librarian.
    * brecha del sistema de seguridad = security leak.
    * brecha en el sistema de seguridad = security hole.
    * burlar el sistema = beat + the system, game + the system.
    * caída del sistema = system crash.
    * catálogo del sistema = system catalogue.
    * Comité Conjunto para Sistemas de Información (JISC) = Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC).
    * configurador del sistema = system configurator.
    * controlador del sistema = system controller.
    * conversión al sistema decimal = decimalisation [decimalization, -USA].
    * conversión al sistema métrico = metrication.
    * convertir al sistema decimal = decimalise [decimalize, -USA].
    * copia de seguridad del sistema = system backup.
    * desafiar al sistema = beat + the system.
    * desarrollo de sistemas = system(s) development.
    * de todo el sistema = systemwide.
    * diseñador de sistemas = systems designer, system designer, system developer.
    * diseño de sistemas = systems design.
    * documentación del sistema = system documentation.
    * engañar al sistema = beat + the system, game + the system.
    * en todo el sistema = systemwide.
    * entre el hombre y el sistema = human-system.
    * en varios sistemas = cross-system.
    * evaluación de sistemas = system(s) evaluation.
    * fichero de existencias del sistema = system holdings file.
    * fichero de usuarios del sistema = system user file.
    * funcionar por un sistema de turnos = work on + a rota system, work on + a rota, work + shifts.
    * interfaz usuario-sistema = user/system interface.
    * ir en contra del sistema = buck + the system.
    * ISDS (Sistema Internacional de Datos sobre Publicaciones Seriadas) = ISDS (International Serials Data System).
    * mantener un sistema de turnos = hold + a rota of.
    * mostrar el prompt del sistema = prompt.
    * NISTF (Grupo de Trabajo sobre los Sistemas Nacionales de Información de la A = NISTF (Society of American Archivists National Information Systems Task Force).
    * nombre de acceso al sistema = system logon name.
    * organizar un sistema de turnos de + Nombre = organise + a rota of + Nombre.
    * PADIS (Sistema de Información para el Desarrollo de Africa) = PADIS (Pan-African Development Information System).
    * parecido a un sistema experto = expert-type.
    * promovido por el propio sistema de información = information-led.
    * prompt del sistema = system prompt.
    * propio del sistema = built-in.
    * protección del sistema = system security.
    * proveedor de sistemas = systems supplier, system supplier [systems supplier].
    * Proyecto para Sistemas Conectados (LSP) = Linked Systems Project (LSP).
    * responsable del sistema = system programmer.
    * seguridad del sistema = system security.
    * sistema abierto = open system.
    * sistema agrícola = farming system.
    * sistema anglosajón de medidas = imperial measures.
    * sistema anticuado = legacy system.
    * sistema antiguo = legacy system.
    * sistema antirrobo de libros = book security system, library security system.
    * sistema auditivo, el = auditory system, the.
    * sistema automatizado = data system, automated system, computerised system.
    * sistema automatizado de bibliotecas = automated library information system, library computer system.
    * sistema automatizado de indización = computer-based indexing system.
    * sistema automatizado de préstamo = automated lending system, computerised issue system.
    * sistema automatizado multimedia = multimedia computer system.
    * sistema automatizado para la recuperación = computerised document retrieval system, computerised information retrieval system.
    * sistema automatizado para la recuperación de documentos = computerised document retrieval system.
    * sistema automatizado para la recuperación de información = computerised information retrieval system.
    * sistema automatizado por microordenador = microcomputer-based system.
    * sistema bancario, el = banking system, the.
    * sistema basado en el conocimiento = knowledge-base system.
    * sistema basado en las imágenes = image-based system.
    * sistema bibliotecario = library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario automatizado = automated library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario de bibliotecas de un sólo tipo = single-type library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario de bibliotecas de varios tipos = multitype library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario nacional = national library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario regional = regional library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario universitario = university library system.
    * sistema + caerse = system + crash.
    * sistema cardiovascular = cardiovascular system.
    * sistema cerebroespinal, el = cerebrospinal system, the.
    * sistema circulatorio = circulatory system.
    * sistema comercial = market system, commercial system.
    * sistema de abastecimiento de agua = waterworks.
    * sistema de acceso mediante tarjeta = card access system.
    * sistema de aire acondicionado = air conditioning system, air cooling system.
    * sistema de alarma = alarm system, detection system.
    * sistema de alcantarillado = sewerage system, sewerage.
    * sistema de alerta = early warning system.
    * sistema de alerta de novedades tecnológicas = technology watch.
    * sistema de alerta temprana = early warning system.
    * sistema de alimentación = fuel system.
    * sistema de almacenamiento y recuperación de la información = information storage and retrieval system.
    * sistema de altas presiones = high-pressure system, ridge of high pressure.
    * sistema de alumbrado = lighting system.
    * sistema de apoyo a la toma de decisiones = decision support system, decision making system.
    * sistema de archivo = archiving system.
    * sistema de arranque = starting system.
    * sistema de asignaturas optativas = course elective system.
    * sistema de asistencia sanitaria = health care system.
    * sistema de autoedición = desktop system.
    * sistema de automatización de bibliotecas = library automation system.
    * sistema de aviso de reclamaciones = claims warning system.
    * sistema de ayuda = help system.
    * sistema de ayuda a la gestión = management support system (MSS).
    * sistema de bajas presiones = ridge of low pressure, low pressure system.
    * sistema de becas = grant scheme.
    * sistema de bibliotecas públicas = public library system.
    * sistema de búsqueda = paging system.
    * sistema de cableado = wiring system.
    * sistema de cables eléctricos = electrical wiring.
    * sistema de calefacción = heating system.
    * sistema de castas = caste system.
    * sistema de cierre = locking system.
    * sistema decimal = decimal system.
    * sistema de circulación automatizado = automated circulation system.
    * sistema de circulación del agua = water circulation system.
    * sistema de clases sociales = class system.
    * sistema de clasificación = classification scheme, scheme, classification system, classification schedules, grading system.
    * sistema de clasificación analítico = analytical classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación de Bliss = Bliss classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación decimal = decimal classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación de la Biblioteca del Congreso = LCC (Library of Congress Classification).
    * sistema de clasificación dicotomizado = dichotomized classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación enciclopédica = general classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación enumerativo = enumerative classification scheme, enumerative scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación especializado = special classification scheme, special scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación facetado = faceted classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación general = general scheme, general classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación jerárquico = hierarchical classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación lineal = linear classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación multidimensional = multidimensional classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación por disciplinas = discipline-oriented scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación sintético = synthetic classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación universal = universal classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación verbal = verbal classification system.
    * sistema de cobro por la información usada = information metering.
    * sistema de codificación = coding system.
    * sistema de compañías = companionship system.
    * sistema de comunicación = communication system.
    * sistema de comunicaciones = communication system.
    * Sistema de Comunicaciones y de Archivo Fotográfico (PACS) = Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS).
    * sistema de comunicación óptica = optical communication system.
    * Sistema de Comunicación por Paquetes (PSS) = Packet-Switching System (PSS).
    * sistema de conductos eléctricos = ducting system.
    * sistema de conferencia en línea = online conferencing system.
    * sistema de control = monitoring system, vetting system.
    * sistema de control de la salida = exit control system.
    * sistema de control de publicaciones seriadas = serials system, serials control system.
    * sistema de conversión de texto a voz = text-to-speech system.
    * sistema de copias de seguridad = backup system.
    * sistema de creencias = belief system.
    * sistema de criba = vetting system.
    * sistema de deducción de puntos = points system.
    * sistema de defensa = defence system.
    * sistema de detección = detection system.
    * sistema de detección de libros = book detection system.
    * sistema de digitalización de documentos = document imaging system.
    * sistema de discos ópticos = optical disc system.
    * sistema de distribución = distribution system.
    * sistema de drenaje = drainage system.
    * sistema de emergencia = backup supply, backup system.
    * sistema de emisión de gases = exhaust system.
    * sistema de emisión de humos = exhaust system.
    * sistema de encendido = ignition system.
    * sistema de entrada mediante tarjetas = card-entry system.
    * sistema de entrada múltiple = multiple entry system.
    * sistema de entrada única = single entry system.
    * sistema de escritura = writing system.
    * sistema de evaluación = rating system.
    * sistema de evaluación anónima = double-blind.
    * sistema de evaluación por paresanónima = double-blind refereeing system.
    * sistema de extinción de incendios mediante rociadores de agua = water sprinkler fire extinguishing system.
    * sistema de extinción de incendios = fire extinguishing system, extinguishing system.
    * sistema de extinción de incendios mediante gas halón = halon gas fire extinguishing system.
    * sistema de facturación = billing system.
    * sistema de facturación por uso = cost billing system.
    * sistema defensivo = defence system.
    * sistema de fichas = card based system.
    * sistema de fichas peek-a-boo = peek-a-boo system.
    * sistema de frenado = brake system, braking system.
    * sistema de frenado antibloqueo = antilock braking system.
    * sistema de frenos = brake system, braking system.
    * sistema de géneros = sex/gender system.
    * sistema de gestión bibliotecaria = library system, library management system.
    * sistema de gestión de documentos = record(s) system.
    * sistema de gestión de documentos electrónicos = electronic document management system (EDMS).
    * sistema de gestión de imágenes = imaging system, image-based system, image management system.
    * sistema de gestión de la información (SGI) = information management system (IMS).
    * sistema de gestión del conocimiento = knowledge management system (KMS).
    * Sistema de Gestión de Mensajes (MHS) = Message Handling System (MHS).
    * sistema de gestión de registros = record(s) system.
    * sistema de gestión documental = information retrieval system (IRS), record(s) system.
    * sistema de gobierno = polity.
    * sistema de iluminación = lighting system.
    * sistema de incentivos = reward system, system of incentives [incentive system].
    * sistema de indización = indexing system, index system.
    * sistema de indización con conservación del contexto (PRECIS) = PRECIS.
    * Sistema de Indización de Estructura Profunda (DSIS) = Deep Structure Indexing System (DSIS).
    * sistema de indización de fichas = card index system.
    * Sistema de Indización por Frases Anidadas (NEPHIS) = Nested Phrase Indexing System (NEPHIS).
    * sistema de indización postcoordinada = post-coordinate indexing system.
    * sistema de indización PRECIS = PRECIS indexing system.
    * sistema de indización precoordinada = pre-coordinate indexing system.
    * sistema de información = information system.
    * Sistema de Información Bibliotecario = LIBRIS.
    * sistema de información documental = document information system.
    * Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) = Geographic Information System (GIS).
    * sistema de información integrado = integrated information system.
    * sistema de información sectorial = sectoral information system.
    * Sistema de Información sobre Literatura Gris en Europa (SIGLE) = SIGLE (System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe).
    * sistema + dejar de funcionar = system + crash.
    * sistema de justicia penal = criminal justice system.
    * sistema de la ciencia, el = system of science, the.
    * sistema de lápiz óptico = data pen system.
    * sistema de llave en mano = turnkey system, turnkey software system.
    * sistema de lógica difusa = fuzzy system.
    * sistema del olfato = olfactory system.
    * sistema de medición de los recursos usados = metering system.
    * sistema de megafonía = public address system.
    * sistema de mercado = market system.
    * sistema de multas = fines system.
    * sistema de multiusuarios = multi-user system.
    * sistema de notas = grading system.
    * sistema de numeración = numbering scheme, numbering system.
    * sistema de petición de documentos = document delivery system.
    * sistema de préstamo = circulation system, issue system, lending system, book checking system, charge out system, library issue system.
    * sistema de préstamo automatizado = automated circulation system.
    * sistema de préstamo interbibliotecario = interlibrary loan system.
    * sistema de presupuestación mediante planificación y programación = planning programming budgeting system (PPBS).
    * sistema de primas = bonus scheme.
    * sistema de procesamiento de información = information processing system.
    * sistema de proceso de datos = data processing system.
    * sistema de proceso de imágenes = imaging system.
    * sistema de puntuación = point system.
    * sistema de reclamaciones = chasing system.
    * sistema de recompensa = reward system.
    * sistema de reconocimiento académico = academic reward(s) system.
    * sistema de recuperación = retrieval system.
    * sistema de recuperación de imágenes = image retrieval system.
    * sistema de recuperación de información = IR system.
    * sistema de recuperación de información por medio de menús = menu-based information retrieval system.
    * sistema de recuperación por relevancia = relevance system.
    * sistema de referencia = reference system, reference system.
    * sistema de referencia por coordenadas = grid reference.
    * sistema de refrigeración = cooling system.
    * sistema de registro = recording system.
    * sistema de reservas = booking system.
    * sistema de retransmisión = relay system.
    * sistema de rociadores de agua = sprinkler system, water sprinkler system.
    * sistema de saneamiento = sewerage system, sewerage.
    * sistema de seguimiento = monitoring system.
    * sistema de seguridad = security system, backup system.
    * sistema de selección = vetting system.
    * sistema de sonido cuadrafónico = quadrophonic system.
    * sistema de suministro de documentos = document supply system.
    * sistema de suministro de información = information supply system.
    * sistema de tarifas = charging system.
    * sistema de telecomunicaciones = telecommunication system.
    * sistema de televisión en color = colour system.
    * sistema de tiempo real = real-time system.
    * sistema de traducción automatizada = machine translation system.
    * sistema de transferencia de documentos = document delivery system.
    * sistema de transmisión de mensajes = messaging system.
    * sistema de transporte = transport system.
    * sistema de transporte público = public transport system.
    * sistema de tratamiento de imágenes = image processing system.
    * sistema de trueque, el = barter system, the.
    * sistema de tubos neumáticos = pneumatic tube system.
    * sistema de turnos = rota system.
    * sistema de valores = system of values, value system.
    * sistema de valores personales = personal value system.
    * sistema de valores sociales = social value system.
    * sistema de ventilación = ventilation system.
    * sistema de vídeodisco = video disc system.
    * Sistema de Vídeo Familiar (VHS) = VHS (Video Home System).
    * sistema de videotexto = videotext system.
    * sistema de videotexto público = public viewdata system.
    * sistema de vigilancia = surveillance system.
    * sistema de vigilancia electrónica = electronic surveillance system.
    * sistema digestivo = digestive system.
    * sistema documental = documentary system.
    * sistema económico = economic system.
    * sistema educativo = educational system, education system.
    * sistema electoral = electoral system.
    * sistema eléctrico = electrical system.
    * sistema electrónico de detección de robos = electronic theft detection system.
    * sistema endocrino, el = endocrine system, the.
    * sistema en el que el documento aparece representado en un único lugar del ín = one-place system.
    * sistema energético = energy system.
    * sistema en lenguaje natural = natural language system.
    * sistema en línea = online system.
    * sistema en red = network system.
    * sistema en uso = operational system.
    * sistema escolar, el = school system, the.
    * sistema ético = ethical system.
    * sistema experto = expert system, knowledge-base system.
    * Sistema General de Ordenación (SGO) = Broad System of Ordering (BSO).
    * sistema híbrido = hybrid system.
    * sistema ideológico = system of thought.
    * sistema informático = computing system, computer system.
    * sistema informático hecho por encargo = tailored system.
    * sistema inmunológico = immune system.
    * sistema integrado = integrated system.
    * sistema integrado de gestión bibliotecaria = integrated library package.
    * sistema inteligente = intelligent system.
    * sistema interactivo = interactive system.
    * sistema interactivo en línea = interactive online system.
    * sistema intermediario = backend system.
    * Sistema Internacional de Información sobre Agricultura (AGRIS) = AGRIS (International Agricultural Information System).
    * Sistema Internacional de Unidades, el = International System of Units, the.
    * sistema judicial = judicial system.
    * sistema legal, el = legal system, the.
    * sistema mercantil = market system.
    * sistema mercantilista = mercantile system.
    * sistema métrico decimal, el = metric system, the, decimal metric system, the.
    * sistema métrico, el = metric system, the.
    * sistema monetario = coinage.
    * sistema monetario, el = coinage system, the.
    * Sistema Monetario Europeo = European Monetary System.
    * sistema nervioso = nervous system.
    * sistema nervioso central = central nervous system.
    * sistema nervioso periférico = peripheral nervous system.
    * sistema numérico = numbering scheme, numbering system.
    * sistema obsoleto = legacy system.
    * sistema ofimático = office system.
    * sistema olfativo = olfactory system.
    * sistema operativo = operating system, operational system, computer operating system.
    * sistema operativo de disco = Disc Operating System (DOS).
    * sistema óptico = optical system, optical system.
    * sistema óptico de información = optical information system.
    * sistema orgánico = organ system.
    * sistema organizativo = organisational scheme, organisation scheme.
    * sistema para el análisis formal de documentos = markup code.
    * sistema para el análisis formal de documentos web = markup system.
    * sistema para información geográfica (SIG) = Geographical Information System (GIS).
    * sistema para la información de gestión = management information system (MIS).
    * Sistema para la Información Geográfica (SIG) = Geographic Information System (GIS).
    * sistema para la recuperación de texto libre = free text retrieval system.
    * sistema penal = penal system.
    * sistema penitenciario = penal system.
    * sistema personal = home system.
    * sistema político = political system.
    * sistema político unipartidista = one-party rule.
    * sistema precoordinado = pre-coordinate system.
    * sistema respiratorio = respiratory system.
    * sistema social = social system.
    * sistema solar, el = solar system, the.
    * sistema + venirse abajo = system + crash.
    * sistema virtual de gestión de cursos = course management system.
    * teoría de sistemas = systems theory.
    * vendedor de sistemas = systems vendor.
    * volver a levantar el sistema = restart.

    * * *
    A (método) system
    necesitamos un nuevo sistema we need a new way of doing things o a new system
    trabajar con sistema to work systematically o methodically
    él se opone a todo lo que yo propongo, por sistema he systematically o invariably opposes everything I propose, as a matter of course he opposes everything I propose
    B
    el sistema educativo/impositivo the education/tax system
    el sistema de calefacción the heating system
    2 ( Inf) system
    entrar en or al sistema to log in o on
    salir del sistema to log out o off
    Compuestos:
    ( Mil) Electronic Counter Measures
    distribution system
    set of simultaneous equations
    satellite navegation system
    through-ticketing
    expert system
    metric system
    European Monetary System
    mountain range
    nervous system
    central nervous system
    operating system
    disk operating system
    solar system
    ( Esp) through-ticketing
    * * *

     

    sistema sustantivo masculino
    1 ( método) system;
    ◊ trabajar con sistema to work systematically o methodically

    2 ( conjunto organizado) system;

    sistema solar solar system;
    Ssistema Monetario Europeo European Monetary System
    3 (Inf) system;
    ◊ entrar en el/salir del sistema to log on/off

    sistema sustantivo masculino
    1 system
    sistema circulatorio, circulatory system
    sistema operativo, operating system
    2 (modo) tenemos que buscar un sistema para hacerlo, we have to find a way to do it
    ♦ Locuciones: por sistema, as a rule
    ' sistema' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    bicameral
    - decimal
    - dicotomía
    - educativa
    - educativo
    - enseñanza
    - inconveniente
    - instrumentación
    - inutilizar
    - LOGSE
    - métrica
    - métrico
    - monetaria
    - monetario
    - obsoleta
    - obsoleto
    - perfección
    - poner
    - refrigeración
    - salir
    - simulador
    - simuladora
    - SME
    - SMI
    - solar
    - subsistir
    - sufragio
    - tributación
    - tributaria
    - tributario
    - vía
    - vídeo
    - afianzar
    - afiliarse
    - alfabetizar
    - aparato
    - aplicar
    - cómodo
    - complicado
    - defecto
    - desbaratar
    - ejido
    - escritura
    - falla
    - fórmula
    - funcionamiento
    - impositivo
    - inadecuado
    - ineficaz
    - ingeniar
    English:
    advanced
    - Amtrak
    - antilock braking system
    - backup
    - change over
    - decimal system
    - develop
    - development
    - diagram
    - DOS
    - efficient
    - electronic
    - establishment
    - European Monetary System
    - flagship
    - glitch
    - GPA
    - imperial mile
    - instal
    - install
    - institute
    - log in
    - log off
    - log on
    - log out
    - machinery
    - metric
    - MIS
    - nervous system
    - operating system
    - operational
    - PA
    - piecemeal
    - plumbing
    - pony express
    - process
    - respiratory system
    - retrieval
    - sanitary
    - service
    - set-up
    - sewerage
    - system
    - tax system
    - unsystematic
    - unsystematically
    - comprehensive
    - day
    - decimalization
    - down
    * * *
    ♦ nm
    1. [conjunto ordenado] system
    sistema de apertura retardada time lock;
    sistema de apoyo support system;
    el sistema bancario the banking system;
    Astron sistema binario [de estrellas] binary system;
    sistema cegesimal [de unidades] CGS system;
    el Sistema Central = Spanish central mountain range;
    sistema de coordenadas coordinate system;
    sistema decimal decimal system;
    TV sistema dual bilingual broadcasting;
    sistema fiscal tax system;
    el Sistema Ibérico the Iberian chain;
    sistema impositivo tax system;
    sistema métrico (decimal) metric (decimal) system;
    Sistema Monetario Europeo European Monetary System;
    sistema montañoso mountain chain o range;
    sistema periódico (de los elementos) periodic table (of elements);
    sistema planetario planetary system;
    sistema político political system;
    sistema de referencia frame of reference;
    sistema de seguridad security system;
    sistema solar solar system;
    sistema de transportes transport system;
    sistema tributario tax system
    2. Anat system
    sistema cardiovascular cardiovascular system;
    sistema circulatorio circulatory system;
    sistema endocrino endocrine system;
    sistema inmunológico immune system;
    sistema linfático lymphatic system;
    sistema nervioso nervous system;
    sistema nervioso central central nervous system
    3. [método, orden] method;
    trabajar con sistema to work methodically
    4. Informát system
    sistema de alimentación ininterrumpida uninterruptible power supply;
    sistema de almacenamiento storage system;
    sistema de archivos jerárquicos hierarchical file system;
    sistema de autor authoring system;
    sistema binario binary system;
    sistema experto expert system;
    sistema de gestión de bases de datos database management system;
    sistema hexadecimal hexadecimal system, base 16;
    sistema multiprocesador multiprocessor system;
    sistema multiusuario multi-user system;
    sistema de nombres de dominio domain name system;
    sistema operativo operating system
    5. Ling system
    ♦ por sistema loc adv
    systematically;
    me lleva la contraria por sistema he always argues with everything I say
    SISTEMA EDUCATIVO
    The Spanish education system starts with free nursery school from 3 to 6. This is followed by primary school from 6 to 12, and compulsory secondary education from 12 to 16, successful completion of which entitles pupils to a “secondary school diploma”. There is then a choice of a general course of study (“bachillerato”) or a technical one, both of two years. The bachillerato allows access to university courses, which can lead to a diploma or degree. In Latin America, there is great variation in educational provision from country to country. The end of compulsory education ranges from age 11 in Honduras to 16 in Peru, though in most countries it is between 13 and 15. Actual enrolment in primary school is high, even in the poorer countries, but about a third of secondary-school-age Latin American children are not actually enrolled. In a poor country such as Guatemala this rises to two-thirds, compared with the high level of secondary enrolment in Argentina, Chile or Cuba.
    * * *
    m system
    * * *
    : system
    * * *
    sistema n system

    Spanish-English dictionary > sistema

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    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Bibliography

  • 8 Mind

       It becomes, therefore, no inconsiderable part of science... to know the different operations of the mind, to separate them from each other, to class them under their proper heads, and to correct all that seeming disorder in which they lie involved when made the object of reflection and inquiry.... It cannot be doubted that the mind is endowed with several powers and faculties, that these powers are distinct from one another, and that what is really distinct to the immediate perception may be distinguished by reflection and, consequently, that there is a truth and falsehood which lie not beyond the compass of human understanding. (Hume, 1955, p. 22)
       Let us then suppose the mind to be, as we say, white Paper, void of all Characters, without any Ideas: How comes it to be furnished? Whence comes it by that vast store, which the busy and boundless Fancy of Man has painted on it, with an almost endless variety? Whence has it all the materials of Reason and Knowledge? To this I answer, in one word, from Experience. (Locke, quoted in Herrnstein & Boring, 1965, p. 584)
       The kind of logic in mythical thought is as rigorous as that of modern science, and... the difference lies, not in the quality of the intellectual process, but in the nature of things to which it is applied.... Man has always been thinking equally well; the improvement lies, not in an alleged progress of man's mind, but in the discovery of new areas to which it may apply its unchanged and unchanging powers. (Leґvi-Strauss, 1963, p. 230)
       MIND. A mysterious form of matter secreted by the brain. Its chief activity consists in the endeavor to ascertain its own nature, the futility of the attempt being due to the fact that it has nothing but itself to know itself with. (Bierce, quoted in Minsky, 1986, p. 55)
       [Philosophy] understands the foundations of knowledge and it finds these foundations in a study of man-as-knower, of the "mental processes" or the "activity of representation" which make knowledge possible. To know is to represent accurately what is outside the mind, so to understand the possibility and nature of knowledge is to understand the way in which the mind is able to construct such representation.... We owe the notion of a "theory of knowledge" based on an understanding of "mental processes" to the seventeenth century, and especially to Locke. We owe the notion of "the mind" as a separate entity in which "processes" occur to the same period, and especially to Descartes. We owe the notion of philosophy as a tribunal of pure reason, upholding or denying the claims of the rest of culture, to the eighteenth century and especially to Kant, but this Kantian notion presupposed general assent to Lockean notions of mental processes and Cartesian notions of mental substance. (Rorty, 1979, pp. 3-4)
       Under pressure from the computer, the question of mind in relation to machine is becoming a central cultural preoccupation. It is becoming for us what sex was to Victorians-threat, obsession, taboo, and fascination. (Turkle, 1984, p. 313)
       7) Understanding the Mind Remains as Resistant to Neurological as to Cognitive Analyses
       Recent years have been exciting for researchers in the brain and cognitive sciences. Both fields have flourished, each spurred on by methodological and conceptual developments, and although understanding the mechanisms of mind is an objective shared by many workers in these areas, their theories and approaches to the problem are vastly different....
       Early experimental psychologists, such as Wundt and James, were as interested in and knowledgeable about the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system as about the young science of the mind. However, the experimental study of mental processes was short-lived, being eclipsed by the rise of behaviorism early in this century. It was not until the late 1950s that the signs of a new mentalism first appeared in scattered writings of linguists, philosophers, computer enthusiasts, and psychologists.
       In this new incarnation, the science of mind had a specific mission: to challenge and replace behaviorism. In the meantime, brain science had in many ways become allied with a behaviorist approach.... While behaviorism sought to reduce the mind to statements about bodily action, brain science seeks to explain the mind in terms of physiochemical events occurring in the nervous system. These approaches contrast with contemporary cognitive science, which tries to understand the mind as it is, without any reduction, a view sometimes described as functionalism.
       The cognitive revolution is now in place. Cognition is the subject of contemporary psychology. This was achieved with little or no talk of neurons, action potentials, and neurotransmitters. Similarly, neuroscience has risen to an esteemed position among the biological sciences without much talk of cognitive processes. Do the fields need each other?... [Y]es because the problem of understanding the mind, unlike the wouldbe problem solvers, respects no disciplinary boundaries. It remains as resistant to neurological as to cognitive analyses. (LeDoux & Hirst, 1986, pp. 1-2)
       Since the Second World War scientists from different disciplines have turned to the study of the human mind. Computer scientists have tried to emulate its capacity for visual perception. Linguists have struggled with the puzzle of how children acquire language. Ethologists have sought the innate roots of social behaviour. Neurophysiologists have begun to relate the function of nerve cells to complex perceptual and motor processes. Neurologists and neuropsychologists have used the pattern of competence and incompetence of their brain-damaged patients to elucidate the normal workings of the brain. Anthropologists have examined the conceptual structure of cultural practices to advance hypotheses about the basic principles of the mind. These days one meets engineers who work on speech perception, biologists who investigate the mental representation of spatial relations, and physicists who want to understand consciousness. And, of course, psychologists continue to study perception, memory, thought and action.
    ... [W]orkers in many disciplines have converged on a number of central problems and explanatory ideas. They have realized that no single approach is likely to unravel the workings of the mind: it will not give up its secrets to psychology alone; nor is any other isolated discipline-artificial intelligence, linguistics, anthropology, neurophysiology, philosophy-going to have any greater success. (Johnson-Laird, 1988, p. 7)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Mind

  • 9 información

    f.
    1 information, word, notice, communication.
    2 information, data, info, tip-off.
    3 directory assistance, directory enquiries.
    4 information desk.
    5 literature, promotional material.
    * * *
    1 (conocimiento) information
    2 (noticia) piece of news; (conjunto de noticias) news
    3 (oficina) information department; (mesa) information desk
    4 (en telefónica) directory enquiries plural, US information
    \
    oficina de información information bureau
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=datos) information; (=oficina) information desk; (Telec) Directory Enquiries, Directory Assistance (EEUU)

    ¿dónde podría obtener más información? — where could I get more information?

    si desean más o mayor información — if you require further information

    pregunte en información — ask at information o at the information desk

    información internacional ¿dígame? — international enquiries, can I help you?

    Información — Information, Enquiries

    2) (=noticias) news

    información deportiva — [en prensa, radio] sports section; [en TV] sports news

    información financiera — [en prensa, radio] financial section; [en TV] financial news

    3) (Jur) judicial inquiry, investigation
    4) (Inform) (=datos) data pl
    tratamiento 3)
    5) (Mil) intelligence
    * * *
    1)
    a) (datos, detalles) information

    para mayor información... — for further information...

    b) (Telec) information (AmE), directory enquiries (BrE)
    2) (Period, Rad, TV) news

    informaciones filtradas a la prensa — information o news leaked to the press

    3) (Inf) data (pl)
    * * *
    = data [datum, -sing.], datum [data, -pl.], details, information, informativeness, piece of information, info, information coverage, field data, bit of information.
    Ex. Statistical tabular and numerical abstract are a means of summarising numerical data, which may be presented in its original format in a tabular form.
    Ex. Thus, having entered the authority datum correctly once, we could be sure that no matter how many bibliographic records used it they would all do so with mechanical consistency.
    Ex. With minimum authorization, details of the circulation and order records are not displayed.
    Ex. Thus, the subject approach is extremely important in the access to and the exploitation of information, documents and data.
    Ex. The informativeness of the index depends upon the information contents of the titles that comprise the index.
    Ex. On other occasions a user wants every document or piece of information on a topic traced, and then high recall must be sought, to the detriment of precision.
    Ex. The article is entitled 'CD-ROM reader as info walkman'.
    Ex. Serious attention should be given to the coordination and improvement of bibliographic control at a national level to avoid duplication of effort and gaps in information coverage.
    Ex. This paper discusses the technological revolution in field data collection systems for health sciences.
    Ex. Outside the portacabin there is a board with a few useful bits of information, such as the temperature of the water, visibility, and opening/closing times.
    ----
    * abuso de información confidencial = insider trading, insider dealing.
    * abuso de información privilegiada = insider trading, insider dealing.
    * acceso a la información por el autor = author approach.
    * acceso a la información por el título = title approach.
    * acceso a la información por la materia = subject approach to information, subject approach.
    * actuación relacionada con la información = information action.
    * ADONIS (Distribución automática de documentos a través de sistemas de inform = ADONIS (Automated Document Delivery Over Networked Information Systems).
    * agencia de información = information agency.
    * AGRIS (Sistema Internacional de Información sobre Agricultura) = AGRIS (International Agricultural Information System).
    * aldea mundial de la información, la = global information village, the.
    * alfabetización en información = information literacy.
    * alfabeto en información = information literate [information-literate].
    * almacenamiento de la información = information storage.
    * almacenamiento y recuperación automatizada de la información = computerised information retrieval and storage.
    * almacenamiento y recuperación de la información = information storage and retrieval (ISR).
    * analfabetismo en información = information illiteracy.
    * aparato para el uso de la información = information appliance.
    * aplicaciones para la información = information solutions.
    * área de información = communications area.
    * asesor de información = information consultant.
    * asesoría y oficina de información itinerante en furgón = mobile information and advice van.
    * Asociación Nacional de Oficinas de Información al Consumidor (NACAB) = National Association of Citizens' Advice Bureaux (NACAB).
    * ASTINFO (Red Regional para el Intercambio de Información y Experiencias de l = ASTINFO (Regional Network for the Exchange of Information and Experience in Science and Technology in Asia and the Pacific).
    * atender una petición de información = satisfy + request for information.
    * auditoría de la información = information audit, information auditing.
    * auditoría de sistemas de información = information systems auditing, information systems audit.
    * autopista de la información = information highway.
    * basado en la información = information-based, information-intensive.
    * base de datos con información confidencial = intelligence database.
    * BLAISE (Servicio de Información Automatizada de la Biblioteca Británica) = BLAISE (British Library Automated Information Service).
    * bloque funcional de información descriptiva = descriptive information block.
    * broker de información = information broker, broker.
    * buscador de información = information seeker, searcher.
    * buscar información = mine + information, seek + information.
    * búsqueda de información = fact-finding, quest for + information, information seeking.
    * cadena de la información = information chain, the, information provision chain, the.
    * campo de información = data field.
    * capacidad de interpretar información espacial = spatial literacy.
    * capacidad de interpretar información estadística = statistical literacy.
    * capacidad de interpretar información gráfica = graphic literacy.
    * capacidad de manejar la información = information handling.
    * cargar información = load + information.
    * centro coordinador de información = clearinghouse [clearing house].
    * centro de análisis de la información = information analysis centre.
    * centro de información = information agency, information centre.
    * Centro de Información al Ciudadano = Public Information Center (PIC).
    * centro de información ciudadana = community information centre, neighbourhood information centre (NIC).
    * centro de información laboral = job information centre.
    * centro de información sectorial = sectoral information centre.
    * Centro de Información sobre el Ayuntamiento = Kommune Information Centre.
    * centro especializado de proceso de información = clearinghouse [clearing house].
    * centro municipal de información = local authority information outlet.
    * circuito de la información = information chain, the, information provision chain, the.
    * circulación de la información = flow of information.
    * comercialización de la información = information brokerage, information broking, information brokering.
    * Comité Conjunto para Sistemas de Información (JISC) = Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC).
    * compañía dedicada a la información = information company.
    * competencias de información = information literacy.
    * competencias en información = information literacy.
    * compilador de información = information gatherer.
    * comportamiento de búsqueda de información = information-seeking behaviour.
    * compresión de información = data compression.
    * concienciar a Alguien de la importancia de la información = raise + information awareness.
    * con conocimiento básico en el manejo de la información = information literate [information-literate].
    * con información = information-bearing.
    * con mucha información = populated.
    * conocimientos básicos de búsqueda, recuperación y organización de la informa = information literacy.
    * conocimientos en el manejo de la información = info-savvy.
    * consciente de la importancia de la información = information conscious.
    * consumo de información = consumption of information.
    * contener información = carry + information.
    * contenido de la información = information content.
    * conversión de información = data conversion.
    * crecimiento vertiginoso de la información, el = information explosion, the.
    * CRISP (Recuperación Automatizada de Información sobre Proyectos Científicos) = CRISP (Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects).
    * Cumbre Mundial sobre la Sociedad de la Información = World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS).
    * cursos de gestión de información = management course.
    * dar información = provide + information, give + information, release + information.
    * dar información adicional = give + further details.
    * dar información de = give + details of.
    * derecho de acceso a la información = right of access to information.
    * descubrimiento de información en las bases de datos = knowledge discovery in databases (KDD).
    * destreza en la búsqueda de información en una biblioteca = library research skills.
    * destrezas relacionadas con el uso de la información = information skills.
    * destrezas relacionadas con la información = information skills.
    * difundir información = hand out + information.
    * difusión de información = information provision, provision of information, dissemination of information.
    * difusión de la información = information diffusion, information dissemination.
    * difusión selectiva de la información = SDI (selective dissemination of information).
    * difusor de información = information disseminator.
    * dirigir información a = direct + information towards.
    * disco con información = data diskette, data disk.
    * dispositivo de entrada de información mediante la voz = voice input device.
    * distribución de información = content distribution, content delivery.
    * distribución de información por suscripción = syndication.
    * distribuidor de información = information provider.
    * distribuidor de información en línea = host, online host.
    * dosier de información = topic pack, package of information.
    * dosiers de información para el público = self-help pack of information.
    * ecología de la información = information ecology.
    * economía de la información = information economy.
    * elaborar información = digest + information.
    * empresa de servicios de información = information broker, broker, information broking.
    * empresario de la información = infopreneur.
    * encargado de la tecnología de la información = information technologist.
    * encontrar información = dredge up + information.
    * enseñanza en la búsqueda de información = information instruction.
    * enviar información a = direct + output.
    * enviar información de un modo automático = push + information.
    * envío de información por suscripción = syndication feed.
    * era de la información = information era.
    * era de la información, la = information age, the.
    * escasez de información = information scarcity, information underload.
    * esfera de la información, la = infosphere, the.
    * especialista de la información = information specialist.
    * estrategia de búsqueda de información = information seeking pattern.
    * estrategia de gestión de la información = information management strategy.
    * exceso de información = information overload.
    * explosión de la información, la = information explosion, the.
    * extracción de información (EI) = information extraction (IE).
    * falta de información = lack of information.
    * filtración de información = leakage of information.
    * fórmula para la medición de la información de Brillouin = Brillouin's information measure.
    * formulario de recogida de información = data collection form.
    * fuente de información = information source, information store, source of information, source of data.
    * fuente de información electrónica = electronic information source.
    * fuente principal de información = chief source of information.
    * fuentes de información = information base.
    * gestionar información = handle + information.
    * gestión de la información = information management, information handling.
    * Gestión de los Recursos de Información (IRM) = Information Resources Management (IRM).
    * gestor de información = information software package.
    * gestor de la información = information manager, information handler.
    * guerra de la información = information warfare.
    * guía de fuentes de información = pathfinder.
    * hábito de búsqueda de información = information-seeking habit.
    * hacerse de información = secure + information.
    * herramienta de recuperación de información = retrieval tool.
    * herramienta para el uso de la información = information appliance.
    * herramienta para la gestión de la información = information-managing tool.
    * hoja con la información básica para Hacer Algo = data sheet [datasheet].
    * industria de la información electrónica = electronic information industry.
    * industria de la información en línea, la = online industry, the, online information industry, the.
    * industria de la información, la = information industry, the.
    * información adicional = further information, additional information.
    * información administrativa = management information.
    * información al consumidor = consumer information, consumer advice, consumer affairs.
    * información a modo de ejemplo = sample data.
    * información anterior al pedido = preorder information.
    * información a través de la voz = voice information.
    * información automatizada = computerised information.
    * información básica = background information, background note.
    * información bibliográfica = bibliographic data, bibliographic information.
    * Información Bibliográfica Automatizada (MARBI) = MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic Information).
    * información bursátil = share prices.
    * información catalográfica = cataloguing data.
    * información científica = scientific information, scholarly information.
    * información científica y técnica = scientific and technical information (STI).
    * información clínica = clinical information.
    * información comerciable = tradeable information.
    * información comercial = business information.
    * información como artículo de consumo, la = information commodity.
    * información como materia prima, la = information commodity.
    * información complementaria = supplementary information, further information, further details.
    * información comunitaria = community information.
    * información confidencial = inside information, confidential information, insider information.
    * información corporativa = economic intelligence.
    * información de agencia = syndicated matters.
    * información de alojamiento = housing information.
    * información de archivo = archival information.
    * información de autoridades = authority data, authority information.
    * información de contacto = contact details, contact information.
    * información de existencias por bibliotecas = local holdings information.
    * información de fuente fidedigna = authoritative information.
    * información de gestión = management data, management information.
    * información de novedades = press release.
    * información de ocio = infotainment.
    * información deportiva = sporting news.
    * información de precios = price information.
    * información de precios de productos para el consumo = retail prices.
    * información de supervivencia = survival information.
    * información de texto completo = full-text information.
    * información de última hora = news flash.
    * información digital = digital information, digital data, digital content.
    * información documentada = documented information.
    * información documental = documentary information, document information.
    * información económica = business news.
    * información electrónica = electronic content [e-content], electronic information.
    * información empresarial = business information, company information, industry information.
    * información en defensa de las minorías = affirmative information.
    * información en línea = online information.
    * información en soporte = recorded information.
    * información en su estado primario = raw information.
    * información envasada = packaged data.
    * información errónea = misinformation, dirty data, misstatement [mis-statement], misreporting.
    * información específica = data element.
    * información estadística = statistics, statistical data.
    * información estratégica = strategic information.
    * información factual = factual information.
    * información fiable = accurate information.
    * información geoespacial = geospatial data.
    * información geográfica = geoinformation.
    * información gráfica = graphic information.
    * información gubernamental = government information.
    * información indígena = indigenous information.
    * información industrial = industrial information, industry information.
    * información legal = legal information.
    * información local = community information, local knowledge.
    * información no codificada = non-coded information.
    * información numérica = numeric data.
    * información obtenida a través de intermediarios = mediated information.
    * información oficial = official information, public information.
    * información oficial del municipio = municipal information.
    * información oral = voice information.
    * información para hacer pedidos = order information.
    * Información para la Administración Pública (IPA) = Information for Public Administration (IPA).
    * información personal = personal information.
    * información pictórica = pictorial information, pictorial data.
    * información por defecto = default.
    * información pormenorizada = step-by-step details.
    * información por omisión = default.
    * información práctica = practical information.
    * información preempaquetada = pre-packaged information.
    * información primaria = primary information.
    * información privada = property data, private information.
    * información privilegiada = insider information, privileged information.
    * información pública = public information.
    * información puntual = timely information.
    * información que permite mejorar la situación social de Alguien = empowering information.
    * información sanitaria = health information.
    * información secreta = secret information.
    * información secreta sobre un adversario = intelligence.
    * información secundaria = secondary information.
    * información sobre dietética = dietary information.
    * información sobre educación = education information.
    * información sobre el contenido = subject information.
    * información sobre el tiempo que un determinado producto se anuncia en l = air play data.
    * información sobre empresas = business intelligence.
    * información sobre la competencia = business intelligence, competitive intelligence, competitive business intelligence, competitor intelligence.
    * información sobre la flota pesquera = fleet statistics.
    * información sobre la materia = subject data.
    * información sobre localización y existencias = copy-specific holdings and location information.
    * información sobre nutrición = nutrition information.
    * información sobre patentes = patent information.
    * información sobre propiedades inmobiliarias = real estate information.
    * información sobre química = chemical information.
    * información sobre salidas profesionales = career(s) information.
    * información sobre ubicación = location information.
    * información sobre ubicación y existencias = holdings information, holdings statement.
    * información sobre ubicación y existencias = holdings and location information.
    * información sobre una disciplina = discipline-oriented information.
    * información sobre un producto = product literature.
    * información sobre viajes = travel information.
    * información técnica = technical information.
    * información textual = textual information, text information, text knowledge, textual data, textual matter, textual document.
    * información transmitida por fibra óptica = fibre optic-based information.
    * información valiosísima = nugget of information.
    * información visual = visual information.
    * información viva = live information.
    * Infraestructura Mundial para la Información = Global Information Infrastructure (GII).
    * institución relacionada con la información = information organisation, information institution.
    * Instituto de Información Científica (ISI) = Institute of Scientific Information (ISI).
    * intercambiar información = exchange + data.
    * intercambio de información = information exchange, information interchange.
    * intercambio electrónico de información = electronic exchange of information.
    * intermediario de la información = information intermediary, infomediary.
    * introducir información = provide + input.
    * jefe de los servicios de información = chief information officer (CIO).
    * ladrón de información = info-thief.
    * libertad de información = freedom of information (FOI).
    * libre circulación de la información = free flow of information.
    * licencia de acceso a información electrónica = license [licence, -USA], licensing.
    * lleno de información = populated.
    * localizar información = track down + information.
    * más información = further information, further details.
    * medios de microalmacenamiento de la información = microstorage media.
    * medios digitalizados de almacenamiento de información = digitised media.
    * mercado de la información = information market place, information market.
    * metainformación = meta-information.
    * microalmacenamiento de información = microstorage.
    * minipaquete de información = mini-pack.
    * modelo de recuperación de información por coincidencia óptima = best match model.
    * mostrador de información = information desk, enquiry desk.
    * mundo de la información, el = information world, the, information business, the, infosphere, the.
    * navegar por la red en busca de información = surf for + information.
    * necesidad de información = information need.
    * NISTF (Grupo de Trabajo sobre los Sistemas Nacionales de Información de la A = NISTF (Society of American Archivists National Information Systems Task Force).
    * no revelar información = keep + silent, keep + silence.
    * no tener información = be undocumented.
    * objeto de información electrónico = electronic information object.
    * obtener información = obtain + information, glean + information, gain + information, pick up + information, secure + information.
    * obtener información de = elicit + information from.
    * oficina de información = information office, visitor's centre.
    * Oficina de Información al Ciudadano (CAB) = Citizens' Advice Bureau (CAB).
    * oficina de información turística = tourism information office.
    * ofrecer información = provide + information, provide + details, supply + information, offer + information, package + information, furnish + information.
    * operaciones de información = information operations.
    * orientado hacia la información = information-driven.
    * PADI (Preservación de Información Digital Australiana) = PADI (Preservation of Australian Digital Information).
    * PADIS (Sistema de Información para el Desarrollo de Africa) = PADIS (Pan-African Development Information System).
    * país productor de información científica = science producer.
    * panel luminoso de información de tráfico = variable road sign.
    * pantalla de información = frame, screen display.
    * pantalla de información breve = short information display, short information screen.
    * pantalla de información completa = full information display, full information screen.
    * paquete de información = pack, information kit.
    * para la gestión de información textual = text-handling.
    * para más información = for further details.
    * para mayor información sobre = for details of.
    * para mayor información véase + Nombre = see + Nombre + for further details.
    * pedir información = request + information.
    * pedir información de = ask for + details of.
    * pedir información sobre = enquire of [inquire of, -USA].
    * petición de información de referencia = reference enquiry.
    * plantilla de recogida de información = data collection form.
    * pobre en información = info-poor.
    * pobres en información = information have-nots.
    * pobres en información, los = information-poor, the.
    * pobreza de información = information poverty.
    * política de información = information provision, information strategy, information policy.
    * política de información nacional = national information policy.
    * presentar información = submit + information, package + information.
    * presentar información de varios modos = repackage + information.
    * procesamiento de información = information processing.
    * proceso de transferencia de la información = information transfer process.
    * producto de la información = information commodity.
    * profesional de la información = information officer, information professional, information worker, info pro.
    * profesional de las bibliotecas y la información = library and information professional.
    * profesional de la tecnología de la información = informatics professional.
    * profesionales de la información, los = information community, the.
    * profesionales de las bibliotecas y la información, los = library and information profession, the.
    * promovido por el propio sistema de información = information-led.
    * proporcionar información = release + information.
    * protección de información entre fronteras = transborder data protection.
    * protección de la información = data protection.
    * proveedor de información a través de la red = content provider.
    * punto de información = information kiosk.
    * que necesita la información = information-dependent.
    * que transmite información = information-bearing.
    * recabar información = solicit + information.
    * recoger información = collect + data, collect + information, gather + information, summon + knowledge, harvest + information.
    * recogida de información = information gathering.
    * recopilar información = gather + information, collate + information.
    * recuperación de información = data retrieval.
    * recuperación de información de lógica di = fuzzy data retrieval.
    * recuperación de información de lógica difusa = fuzzy data retrieval.
    * recuperación de información en varias lenguas = cross-language information retrieval (CLIR).
    * recuperación de información (RI) = information retrieval (IR).
    * recurso de información = information asset.
    * recursos de información autodidácticos = self help resources.
    * red de información = data network, information network.
    * relacionado con la información = information-related.
    * reorganizar la información = repackage + information.
    * repleto de información = information packed [information-packed].
    * responsable de la tecnología de la información = information technologist.
    * reunir información = pool + information.
    * revolución de la información, la = information revolution, the.
    * rico en información = information-rich, info-rich.
    * ricos en información = information haves.
    * ricos en información, los = information-rich, the.
    * sala de información = information lobby.
    * sector de la información, el = information sector, the, infosphere, the.
    * servicio de difusión selectiva de la información = SDI service.
    * servicio de información = information service, information delivery service, information utility.
    * servicio de información al consumidor = Consumer Advice Centre (CAC), consumer advisory service.
    * servicio de información ciudadana = community information service.
    * servicio de información electrónica = electronic information service.
    * servicio de información en línea = online information service.
    * servicio de información local = local information service.
    * servicio de información sectorial = sectoral information service.
    * servicios de información = Information and Referral services.
    * servicios de información bibliográfica = bibliographical services.
    * servicios de información y referencia = I&R services (Information and Referral).
    * servidor de información = information server.
    * SIGLE (Sistema de Información sobre Literatura Gris en Europa) = SIGLE (System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe).
    * sin conservar información sobre las consultas realizadas anteri = stateless.
    * síndrome de la sobrecarga de información = information fatigue syndrome.
    * sin información sobre el estado anterior = stateless.
    * sintetizar información = synthesise + information.
    * sistema automatizado para la recuperación de información = computerised information retrieval system.
    * sistema de almacenamiento y recuperación de la información = information storage and retrieval system.
    * sistema de cobro por la información usada = information metering.
    * sistema de gestión de la información (SGI) = information management system (IMS).
    * sistema de información = information system.
    * Sistema de Información Bibliotecario = LIBRIS.
    * sistema de información documental = document information system.
    * sistema de información integrado = integrated information system.
    * sistema de información sectorial = sectoral information system.
    * sistema de procesamiento de información = information processing system.
    * sistema de recuperación de información = IR system.
    * sistema de recuperación de información por medio de menús = menu-based information retrieval system.
    * sistema de suministro de información = information supply system.
    * sistema óptico de información = optical information system.
    * sistema para información geográfica (SIG) = Geographical Information System (GIS).
    * sistema para la información de gestión = management information system (MIS).
    * Sistema para la Información Geográfica (SIG) = Geographic Information System (GIS).
    * sitio web de información = content site, content Web site.
    * sobrecarga de información = information overload.
    * sobreinformación = information overload.
    * sociedad de la información, la = information society, the.
    * solicitar información = request + information.
    * soporte de información = data medium.
    * soportes de la información = information carrying media.
    * subtítulo y/o información complementaria sobre el título = other title information.
    * suministrar información = dispense + information, purvey + information.
    * suministro de información = information-giving.
    * superautopista de la información = information superhighway.
    * tareas relacionadas con la información = information operations.
    * técnica de recuperación de información por coincidencia óptima = best match technique.
    * tecnología de envío de información de un modo automático = push technology.
    * tecnología de la información = informatics, infotech.
    * tecnología de la información aplicada a la archivística = archival informatics.
    * tecnología de la información para ciencias de la salud = health informatics.
    * tecnología de la información para medicina = medical informatics.
    * tecnología de la información (TI) = information technology (IT).
    * tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones = information and communication technologies (ICTs).
    * técnologo de la información sanitaria = informatician.
    * tener acceso a información confidencial = be on the inside.
    * tener poca información = be information poor.
    * teoría de la información = information theory.
    * TIP (El Lugar de Información) = TIP (The Information Place).
    * todo el mundo debe tener acceso a la información = access for all.
    * trabajo de información y de las bibliotecas = library and information work.
    * tráfico de información = data traffic.
    * transferencia de información = information transfer.
    * transferencia de información entre países = transborder data flow (TBDF).
    * transferencia electrónica de información = electronic transfer of information.
    * transmisión de información = information flow, information transmission.
    * transmisión de información a través de la voz = voice transmission.
    * transmitir información = convey + information.
    * tratamiento de la información = information handling.
    * tratamiento específico de la información = specific approach.
    * tratar información = handle + information.
    * trozo de información = tidbit [titbit, -USA].
    * UAP (Accesibilidad Universal a la Información) = UAP (Universal Availability of Information).
    * una mina de información = a mine of information.
    * unidad de información = unit of information, information division, information subdivision.
    * universo de la información, el = information universe, the.
    * uso compartido de la información = information sharing.
    * usuario de la información = information browser.
    * usuario que busca información = information searcher.
    * véase + Nombre + para más información = refer to + Nombre + for details.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (datos, detalles) information

    para mayor información... — for further information...

    b) (Telec) information (AmE), directory enquiries (BrE)
    2) (Period, Rad, TV) news

    informaciones filtradas a la prensa — information o news leaked to the press

    3) (Inf) data (pl)
    * * *
    = data [datum, -sing.], datum [data, -pl.], details, information, informativeness, piece of information, info, information coverage, field data, bit of information.

    Ex: Statistical tabular and numerical abstract are a means of summarising numerical data, which may be presented in its original format in a tabular form.

    Ex: Thus, having entered the authority datum correctly once, we could be sure that no matter how many bibliographic records used it they would all do so with mechanical consistency.
    Ex: With minimum authorization, details of the circulation and order records are not displayed.
    Ex: Thus, the subject approach is extremely important in the access to and the exploitation of information, documents and data.
    Ex: The informativeness of the index depends upon the information contents of the titles that comprise the index.
    Ex: On other occasions a user wants every document or piece of information on a topic traced, and then high recall must be sought, to the detriment of precision.
    Ex: The article is entitled 'CD-ROM reader as info walkman'.
    Ex: Serious attention should be given to the coordination and improvement of bibliographic control at a national level to avoid duplication of effort and gaps in information coverage.
    Ex: This paper discusses the technological revolution in field data collection systems for health sciences.
    Ex: Outside the portacabin there is a board with a few useful bits of information, such as the temperature of the water, visibility, and opening/closing times.
    * abuso de información confidencial = insider trading, insider dealing.
    * abuso de información privilegiada = insider trading, insider dealing.
    * acceso a la información por el autor = author approach.
    * acceso a la información por el título = title approach.
    * acceso a la información por la materia = subject approach to information, subject approach.
    * actuación relacionada con la información = information action.
    * ADONIS (Distribución automática de documentos a través de sistemas de inform = ADONIS (Automated Document Delivery Over Networked Information Systems).
    * agencia de información = information agency.
    * AGRIS (Sistema Internacional de Información sobre Agricultura) = AGRIS (International Agricultural Information System).
    * aldea mundial de la información, la = global information village, the.
    * alfabetización en información = information literacy.
    * alfabeto en información = information literate [information-literate].
    * almacenamiento de la información = information storage.
    * almacenamiento y recuperación automatizada de la información = computerised information retrieval and storage.
    * almacenamiento y recuperación de la información = information storage and retrieval (ISR).
    * analfabetismo en información = information illiteracy.
    * aparato para el uso de la información = information appliance.
    * aplicaciones para la información = information solutions.
    * área de información = communications area.
    * asesor de información = information consultant.
    * asesoría y oficina de información itinerante en furgón = mobile information and advice van.
    * Asociación Nacional de Oficinas de Información al Consumidor (NACAB) = National Association of Citizens' Advice Bureaux (NACAB).
    * ASTINFO (Red Regional para el Intercambio de Información y Experiencias de l = ASTINFO (Regional Network for the Exchange of Information and Experience in Science and Technology in Asia and the Pacific).
    * atender una petición de información = satisfy + request for information.
    * auditoría de la información = information audit, information auditing.
    * auditoría de sistemas de información = information systems auditing, information systems audit.
    * autopista de la información = information highway.
    * basado en la información = information-based, information-intensive.
    * base de datos con información confidencial = intelligence database.
    * BLAISE (Servicio de Información Automatizada de la Biblioteca Británica) = BLAISE (British Library Automated Information Service).
    * bloque funcional de información descriptiva = descriptive information block.
    * broker de información = information broker, broker.
    * buscador de información = information seeker, searcher.
    * buscar información = mine + information, seek + information.
    * búsqueda de información = fact-finding, quest for + information, information seeking.
    * cadena de la información = information chain, the, information provision chain, the.
    * campo de información = data field.
    * capacidad de interpretar información espacial = spatial literacy.
    * capacidad de interpretar información estadística = statistical literacy.
    * capacidad de interpretar información gráfica = graphic literacy.
    * capacidad de manejar la información = information handling.
    * cargar información = load + information.
    * centro coordinador de información = clearinghouse [clearing house].
    * centro de análisis de la información = information analysis centre.
    * centro de información = information agency, information centre.
    * Centro de Información al Ciudadano = Public Information Center (PIC).
    * centro de información ciudadana = community information centre, neighbourhood information centre (NIC).
    * centro de información laboral = job information centre.
    * centro de información sectorial = sectoral information centre.
    * Centro de Información sobre el Ayuntamiento = Kommune Information Centre.
    * centro especializado de proceso de información = clearinghouse [clearing house].
    * centro municipal de información = local authority information outlet.
    * circuito de la información = information chain, the, information provision chain, the.
    * circulación de la información = flow of information.
    * comercialización de la información = information brokerage, information broking, information brokering.
    * Comité Conjunto para Sistemas de Información (JISC) = Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC).
    * compañía dedicada a la información = information company.
    * competencias de información = information literacy.
    * competencias en información = information literacy.
    * compilador de información = information gatherer.
    * comportamiento de búsqueda de información = information-seeking behaviour.
    * compresión de información = data compression.
    * concienciar a Alguien de la importancia de la información = raise + information awareness.
    * con conocimiento básico en el manejo de la información = information literate [information-literate].
    * con información = information-bearing.
    * con mucha información = populated.
    * conocimientos básicos de búsqueda, recuperación y organización de la informa = information literacy.
    * conocimientos en el manejo de la información = info-savvy.
    * consciente de la importancia de la información = information conscious.
    * consumo de información = consumption of information.
    * contener información = carry + information.
    * contenido de la información = information content.
    * conversión de información = data conversion.
    * crecimiento vertiginoso de la información, el = information explosion, the.
    * CRISP (Recuperación Automatizada de Información sobre Proyectos Científicos) = CRISP (Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects).
    * Cumbre Mundial sobre la Sociedad de la Información = World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS).
    * cursos de gestión de información = management course.
    * dar información = provide + information, give + information, release + information.
    * dar información adicional = give + further details.
    * dar información de = give + details of.
    * derecho de acceso a la información = right of access to information.
    * descubrimiento de información en las bases de datos = knowledge discovery in databases (KDD).
    * destreza en la búsqueda de información en una biblioteca = library research skills.
    * destrezas relacionadas con el uso de la información = information skills.
    * destrezas relacionadas con la información = information skills.
    * difundir información = hand out + information.
    * difusión de información = information provision, provision of information, dissemination of information.
    * difusión de la información = information diffusion, information dissemination.
    * difusión selectiva de la información = SDI (selective dissemination of information).
    * difusor de información = information disseminator.
    * dirigir información a = direct + information towards.
    * disco con información = data diskette, data disk.
    * dispositivo de entrada de información mediante la voz = voice input device.
    * distribución de información = content distribution, content delivery.
    * distribución de información por suscripción = syndication.
    * distribuidor de información = information provider.
    * distribuidor de información en línea = host, online host.
    * dosier de información = topic pack, package of information.
    * dosiers de información para el público = self-help pack of information.
    * ecología de la información = information ecology.
    * economía de la información = information economy.
    * elaborar información = digest + information.
    * empresa de servicios de información = information broker, broker, information broking.
    * empresario de la información = infopreneur.
    * encargado de la tecnología de la información = information technologist.
    * encontrar información = dredge up + information.
    * enseñanza en la búsqueda de información = information instruction.
    * enviar información a = direct + output.
    * enviar información de un modo automático = push + information.
    * envío de información por suscripción = syndication feed.
    * era de la información = information era.
    * era de la información, la = information age, the.
    * escasez de información = information scarcity, information underload.
    * esfera de la información, la = infosphere, the.
    * especialista de la información = information specialist.
    * estrategia de búsqueda de información = information seeking pattern.
    * estrategia de gestión de la información = information management strategy.
    * exceso de información = information overload.
    * explosión de la información, la = information explosion, the.
    * extracción de información (EI) = information extraction (IE).
    * falta de información = lack of information.
    * filtración de información = leakage of information.
    * fórmula para la medición de la información de Brillouin = Brillouin's information measure.
    * formulario de recogida de información = data collection form.
    * fuente de información = information source, information store, source of information, source of data.
    * fuente de información electrónica = electronic information source.
    * fuente principal de información = chief source of information.
    * fuentes de información = information base.
    * gestionar información = handle + information.
    * gestión de la información = information management, information handling.
    * Gestión de los Recursos de Información (IRM) = Information Resources Management (IRM).
    * gestor de información = information software package.
    * gestor de la información = information manager, information handler.
    * guerra de la información = information warfare.
    * guía de fuentes de información = pathfinder.
    * hábito de búsqueda de información = information-seeking habit.
    * hacerse de información = secure + information.
    * herramienta de recuperación de información = retrieval tool.
    * herramienta para el uso de la información = information appliance.
    * herramienta para la gestión de la información = information-managing tool.
    * hoja con la información básica para Hacer Algo = data sheet [datasheet].
    * industria de la información electrónica = electronic information industry.
    * industria de la información en línea, la = online industry, the, online information industry, the.
    * industria de la información, la = information industry, the.
    * información adicional = further information, additional information.
    * información administrativa = management information.
    * información al consumidor = consumer information, consumer advice, consumer affairs.
    * información a modo de ejemplo = sample data.
    * información anterior al pedido = preorder information.
    * información a través de la voz = voice information.
    * información automatizada = computerised information.
    * información básica = background information, background note.
    * información bibliográfica = bibliographic data, bibliographic information.
    * Información Bibliográfica Automatizada (MARBI) = MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic Information).
    * información bursátil = share prices.
    * información catalográfica = cataloguing data.
    * información científica = scientific information, scholarly information.
    * información científica y técnica = scientific and technical information (STI).
    * información clínica = clinical information.
    * información comerciable = tradeable information.
    * información comercial = business information.
    * información como artículo de consumo, la = information commodity.
    * información como materia prima, la = information commodity.
    * información complementaria = supplementary information, further information, further details.
    * información comunitaria = community information.
    * información confidencial = inside information, confidential information, insider information.
    * información corporativa = economic intelligence.
    * información de agencia = syndicated matters.
    * información de alojamiento = housing information.
    * información de archivo = archival information.
    * información de autoridades = authority data, authority information.
    * información de contacto = contact details, contact information.
    * información de existencias por bibliotecas = local holdings information.
    * información de fuente fidedigna = authoritative information.
    * información de gestión = management data, management information.
    * información de novedades = press release.
    * información de ocio = infotainment.
    * información deportiva = sporting news.
    * información de precios = price information.
    * información de precios de productos para el consumo = retail prices.
    * información de supervivencia = survival information.
    * información de texto completo = full-text information.
    * información de última hora = news flash.
    * información digital = digital information, digital data, digital content.
    * información documentada = documented information.
    * información documental = documentary information, document information.
    * información económica = business news.
    * información electrónica = electronic content [e-content], electronic information.
    * información empresarial = business information, company information, industry information.
    * información en defensa de las minorías = affirmative information.
    * información en línea = online information.
    * información en soporte = recorded information.
    * información en su estado primario = raw information.
    * información envasada = packaged data.
    * información errónea = misinformation, dirty data, misstatement [mis-statement], misreporting.
    * información específica = data element.
    * información estadística = statistics, statistical data.
    * información estratégica = strategic information.
    * información factual = factual information.
    * información fiable = accurate information.
    * información geoespacial = geospatial data.
    * información geográfica = geoinformation.
    * información gráfica = graphic information.
    * información gubernamental = government information.
    * información indígena = indigenous information.
    * información industrial = industrial information, industry information.
    * información legal = legal information.
    * información local = community information, local knowledge.
    * información no codificada = non-coded information.
    * información numérica = numeric data.
    * información obtenida a través de intermediarios = mediated information.
    * información oficial = official information, public information.
    * información oficial del municipio = municipal information.
    * información oral = voice information.
    * información para hacer pedidos = order information.
    * Información para la Administración Pública (IPA) = Information for Public Administration (IPA).
    * información personal = personal information.
    * información pictórica = pictorial information, pictorial data.
    * información por defecto = default.
    * información pormenorizada = step-by-step details.
    * información por omisión = default.
    * información práctica = practical information.
    * información preempaquetada = pre-packaged information.
    * información primaria = primary information.
    * información privada = property data, private information.
    * información privilegiada = insider information, privileged information.
    * información pública = public information.
    * información puntual = timely information.
    * información que permite mejorar la situación social de Alguien = empowering information.
    * información sanitaria = health information.
    * información secreta = secret information.
    * información secreta sobre un adversario = intelligence.
    * información secundaria = secondary information.
    * información sobre dietética = dietary information.
    * información sobre educación = education information.
    * información sobre el contenido = subject information.
    * información sobre el tiempo que un determinado producto se anuncia en l = air play data.
    * información sobre empresas = business intelligence.
    * información sobre la competencia = business intelligence, competitive intelligence, competitive business intelligence, competitor intelligence.
    * información sobre la flota pesquera = fleet statistics.
    * información sobre la materia = subject data.
    * información sobre localización y existencias = copy-specific holdings and location information.
    * información sobre nutrición = nutrition information.
    * información sobre patentes = patent information.
    * información sobre propiedades inmobiliarias = real estate information.
    * información sobre química = chemical information.
    * información sobre salidas profesionales = career(s) information.
    * información sobre ubicación = location information.
    * información sobre ubicación y existencias = holdings information, holdings statement.
    * información sobre ubicación y existencias = holdings and location information.
    * información sobre una disciplina = discipline-oriented information.
    * información sobre un producto = product literature.
    * información sobre viajes = travel information.
    * información técnica = technical information.
    * información textual = textual information, text information, text knowledge, textual data, textual matter, textual document.
    * información transmitida por fibra óptica = fibre optic-based information.
    * información valiosísima = nugget of information.
    * información visual = visual information.
    * información viva = live information.
    * Infraestructura Mundial para la Información = Global Information Infrastructure (GII).
    * institución relacionada con la información = information organisation, information institution.
    * Instituto de Información Científica (ISI) = Institute of Scientific Information (ISI).
    * intercambiar información = exchange + data.
    * intercambio de información = information exchange, information interchange.
    * intercambio electrónico de información = electronic exchange of information.
    * intermediario de la información = information intermediary, infomediary.
    * introducir información = provide + input.
    * jefe de los servicios de información = chief information officer (CIO).
    * ladrón de información = info-thief.
    * libertad de información = freedom of information (FOI).
    * libre circulación de la información = free flow of information.
    * licencia de acceso a información electrónica = license [licence, -USA], licensing.
    * lleno de información = populated.
    * localizar información = track down + information.
    * más información = further information, further details.
    * medios de microalmacenamiento de la información = microstorage media.
    * medios digitalizados de almacenamiento de información = digitised media.
    * mercado de la información = information market place, information market.
    * metainformación = meta-information.
    * microalmacenamiento de información = microstorage.
    * minipaquete de información = mini-pack.
    * modelo de recuperación de información por coincidencia óptima = best match model.
    * mostrador de información = information desk, enquiry desk.
    * mundo de la información, el = information world, the, information business, the, infosphere, the.
    * navegar por la red en busca de información = surf for + information.
    * necesidad de información = information need.
    * NISTF (Grupo de Trabajo sobre los Sistemas Nacionales de Información de la A = NISTF (Society of American Archivists National Information Systems Task Force).
    * no revelar información = keep + silent, keep + silence.
    * no tener información = be undocumented.
    * objeto de información electrónico = electronic information object.
    * obtener información = obtain + information, glean + information, gain + information, pick up + information, secure + information.
    * obtener información de = elicit + information from.
    * oficina de información = information office, visitor's centre.
    * Oficina de Información al Ciudadano (CAB) = Citizens' Advice Bureau (CAB).
    * oficina de información turística = tourism information office.
    * ofrecer información = provide + information, provide + details, supply + information, offer + information, package + information, furnish + information.
    * operaciones de información = information operations.
    * orientado hacia la información = information-driven.
    * PADI (Preservación de Información Digital Australiana) = PADI (Preservation of Australian Digital Information).
    * PADIS (Sistema de Información para el Desarrollo de Africa) = PADIS (Pan-African Development Information System).
    * país productor de información científica = science producer.
    * panel luminoso de información de tráfico = variable road sign.
    * pantalla de información = frame, screen display.
    * pantalla de información breve = short information display, short information screen.
    * pantalla de información completa = full information display, full information screen.
    * paquete de información = pack, information kit.
    * para la gestión de información textual = text-handling.
    * para más información = for further details.
    * para mayor información sobre = for details of.
    * para mayor información véase + Nombre = see + Nombre + for further details.
    * pedir información = request + information.
    * pedir información de = ask for + details of.
    * pedir información sobre = enquire of [inquire of, -USA].
    * petición de información de referencia = reference enquiry.
    * plantilla de recogida de información = data collection form.
    * pobre en información = info-poor.
    * pobres en información = information have-nots.
    * pobres en información, los = information-poor, the.
    * pobreza de información = information poverty.
    * política de información = information provision, information strategy, information policy.
    * política de información nacional = national information policy.
    * presentar información = submit + information, package + information.
    * presentar información de varios modos = repackage + information.
    * procesamiento de información = information processing.
    * proceso de transferencia de la información = information transfer process.
    * producto de la información = information commodity.
    * profesional de la información = information officer, information professional, information worker, info pro.
    * profesional de las bibliotecas y la información = library and information professional.
    * profesional de la tecnología de la información = informatics professional.
    * profesionales de la información, los = information community, the.
    * profesionales de las bibliotecas y la información, los = library and information profession, the.
    * promovido por el propio sistema de información = information-led.
    * proporcionar información = release + information.
    * protección de información entre fronteras = transborder data protection.
    * protección de la información = data protection.
    * proveedor de información a través de la red = content provider.
    * punto de información = information kiosk.
    * que necesita la información = information-dependent.
    * que transmite información = information-bearing.
    * recabar información = solicit + information.
    * recoger información = collect + data, collect + information, gather + information, summon + knowledge, harvest + information.
    * recogida de información = information gathering.
    * recopilar información = gather + information, collate + information.
    * recuperación de información = data retrieval.
    * recuperación de información de lógica di = fuzzy data retrieval.
    * recuperación de información de lógica difusa = fuzzy data retrieval.
    * recuperación de información en varias lenguas = cross-language information retrieval (CLIR).
    * recuperación de información (RI) = information retrieval (IR).
    * recurso de información = information asset.
    * recursos de información autodidácticos = self help resources.
    * red de información = data network, information network.
    * relacionado con la información = information-related.
    * reorganizar la información = repackage + information.
    * repleto de información = information packed [information-packed].
    * responsable de la tecnología de la información = information technologist.
    * reunir información = pool + information.
    * revolución de la información, la = information revolution, the.
    * rico en información = information-rich, info-rich.
    * ricos en información = information haves.
    * ricos en información, los = information-rich, the.
    * sala de información = information lobby.
    * sector de la información, el = information sector, the, infosphere, the.
    * servicio de difusión selectiva de la información = SDI service.
    * servicio de información = information service, information delivery service, information utility.
    * servicio de información al consumidor = Consumer Advice Centre (CAC), consumer advisory service.
    * servicio de información ciudadana = community information service.
    * servicio de información electrónica = electronic information service.
    * servicio de información en línea = online information service.
    * servicio de información local = local information service.
    * servicio de información sectorial = sectoral information service.
    * servicios de información = Information and Referral services.
    * servicios de información bibliográfica = bibliographical services.
    * servicios de información y referencia = I&R services (Information and Referral).
    * servidor de información = information server.
    * SIGLE (Sistema de Información sobre Literatura Gris en Europa) = SIGLE (System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe).
    * sin conservar información sobre las consultas realizadas anteri = stateless.
    * síndrome de la sobrecarga de información = information fatigue syndrome.
    * sin información sobre el estado anterior = stateless.
    * sintetizar información = synthesise + information.
    * sistema automatizado para la recuperación de información = computerised information retrieval system.
    * sistema de almacenamiento y recuperación de la información = information storage and retrieval system.
    * sistema de cobro por la información usada = information metering.
    * sistema de gestión de la información (SGI) = information management system (IMS).
    * sistema de información = information system.
    * Sistema de Información Bibliotecario = LIBRIS.
    * sistema de información documental = document information system.
    * sistema de información integrado = integrated information system.
    * sistema de información sectorial = sectoral information system.
    * sistema de procesamiento de información = information processing system.
    * sistema de recuperación de información = IR system.
    * sistema de recuperación de información por medio de menús = menu-based information retrieval system.
    * sistema de suministro de información = information supply system.
    * sistema óptico de información = optical information system.
    * sistema para información geográfica (SIG) = Geographical Information System (GIS).
    * sistema para la información de gestión = management information system (MIS).
    * Sistema para la Información Geográfica (SIG) = Geographic Information System (GIS).
    * sitio web de información = content site, content Web site.
    * sobrecarga de información = information overload.
    * sobreinformación = information overload.
    * sociedad de la información, la = information society, the.
    * solicitar información = request + information.
    * soporte de información = data medium.
    * soportes de la información = information carrying media.
    * subtítulo y/o información complementaria sobre el título = other title information.
    * suministrar información = dispense + information, purvey + information.
    * suministro de información = information-giving.
    * superautopista de la información = information superhighway.
    * tareas relacionadas con la información = information operations.
    * técnica de recuperación de información por coincidencia óptima = best match technique.
    * tecnología de envío de información de un modo automático = push technology.
    * tecnología de la información = informatics, infotech.
    * tecnología de la información aplicada a la archivística = archival informatics.
    * tecnología de la información para ciencias de la salud = health informatics.
    * tecnología de la información para medicina = medical informatics.
    * tecnología de la información (TI) = information technology (IT).
    * tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones = information and communication technologies (ICTs).
    * técnologo de la información sanitaria = informatician.
    * tener acceso a información confidencial = be on the inside.
    * tener poca información = be information poor.
    * teoría de la información = information theory.
    * TIP (El Lugar de Información) = TIP (The Information Place).
    * todo el mundo debe tener acceso a la información = access for all.
    * trabajo de información y de las bibliotecas = library and information work.
    * tráfico de información = data traffic.
    * transferencia de información = information transfer.
    * transferencia de información entre países = transborder data flow (TBDF).
    * transferencia electrónica de información = electronic transfer of information.
    * transmisión de información = information flow, information transmission.
    * transmisión de información a través de la voz = voice transmission.
    * transmitir información = convey + information.
    * tratamiento de la información = information handling.
    * tratamiento específico de la información = specific approach.
    * tratar información = handle + information.
    * trozo de información = tidbit [titbit, -USA].
    * UAP (Accesibilidad Universal a la Información) = UAP (Universal Availability of Information).
    * una mina de información = a mine of information.
    * unidad de información = unit of information, information division, information subdivision.
    * universo de la información, el = information universe, the.
    * uso compartido de la información = information sharing.
    * usuario de la información = information browser.
    * usuario que busca información = information searcher.
    * véase + Nombre + para más información = refer to + Nombre + for details.

    * * *
    A
    1 (datos, detalles) information
    necesito más información sobre el tema I need more information on the subject, I need to know more about the subject
    para mayor información llamar al siguiente número for further details o information call the following number
    para su información les comunicamos el nuevo horario de apertura ( frml); we are pleased to inform you of our new opening times ( frml)
    el mostrador de información the information desk
    2 ( Telec) directory assistance ( AmE), information ( AmE), directory enquiries ( BrE)
    3 ( Mil) intelligence, information
    B ( Period, Rad, TV)
    1 (noticias) news
    la información que llega de la zona es confusa the news coming out of the area is confused, the reports coming out of the area are confused
    ¿en qué página viene la información cultural? where's the arts page?
    2 (noticia) news item
    continuamos con el resto de las informaciones and now here is the rest of the news
    informaciones filtradas a la prensa information o news leaked to the press
    C ( Inf) data (pl)
    * * *

     

    información sustantivo femenino
    1
    a) (datos, detalles) information;


    b) (Telec) information (AmE), directory enquiries (BrE)

    2 (Period, Rad, TV) news;

    3 (Inf) data (pl)
    información sustantivo femenino
    1 information
    oficina de información, information bureau
    (en un aeropuerto) information desk
    2 (de periódico, radio, TV) news sing
    3 Tel directory enquiries pl o directory assistance
    ' información' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acudir
    - ciega
    - ciego
    - confidente
    - consulta
    - cruzarse
    - desinformación
    - dorso
    - esconder
    - fichar
    - genética
    - genético
    - meteorológica
    - meteorológico
    - mina
    - oscuras
    - oscuridad
    - procesar
    - recabar
    - recoger
    - recogida
    - referencia
    - registrar
    - reservada
    - reservado
    - retazo
    - reunir
    - sacacorchos
    - sesgada
    - sesgado
    - sigilo
    - solicitar
    - sonsacar
    - suministrar
    - transparencia
    - transparente
    - venir
    - acceso
    - actualizar
    - adulterar
    - autopista
    - banco
    - callar
    - ciencia
    - codificar
    - comunicar
    - confuso
    - copioso
    - cotejar
    - dar
    English:
    amass
    - apply for
    - brief
    - briefing
    - chart
    - CIA
    - circulate
    - classified
    - collect
    - collection
    - credit bureau
    - detail
    - dig out
    - directory assistance
    - directory enquiries
    - disseminate
    - dropout
    - enquiry
    - erroneous
    - extract
    - gather
    - information
    - information desk
    - information superhighway
    - inquiry
    - inside information
    - insider
    - insider dealing
    - insider trading
    - intelligence
    - interchange
    - interested
    - keep from
    - leak
    - material
    - media studies
    - MIS
    - news agency
    - operator
    - pending
    - process
    - pump
    - quotable
    - release
    - retain
    - scan
    - scanty
    - send away for
    - shall
    - source
    * * *
    1. [conocimiento] information;
    estoy buscando información sobre este autor I'm looking for information on this writer;
    para tu información for your information;
    para mayor información, visite nuestra página web for more information visit our website;
    información confidencial inside information;
    información privilegiada privileged information
    2. [noticias] news [singular];
    [noticia] report, piece of news;
    hemos recibido informaciones contradictorias sobre el accidente we have received conflicting reports about the accident;
    información deportiva sports news;
    información meteorológica weather report o forecast
    3. [oficina] information office;
    (el mostrador de) información the information desk;
    Sr. López, acuda a información would Mr López please come to the information desk
    4. [telefónica] Br directory enquiries, US information
    información horaria Br speaking clock, US (telephone) time-of-day service
    5. Biol información genética genetic information
    6. Informát [datos] data
    * * *
    f
    1 information;
    información genética BIO genetic information
    2 ( noticias) news sg
    * * *
    1) : information
    2) informe: report, inquiry
    3) noticias: news
    * * *
    1. (en general) information
    2. (noticias) news
    3. (recepción) information desk
    4. (de teléfonos) directory enquiries

    Spanish-English dictionary > información

  • 10 base

    adj.
    host.
    f.
    base de maquillaje foundation (cream)
    2 basis (fundamento, origen).
    el petróleo es la base de su economía their economy is based on oil
    ese argumento se cae por su base that argument is built on sand
    partimos de la base de que… we assume that…
    sentar las bases para to lay the foundations of
    3 base.
    base aérea air base
    base espacial space station
    base de lanzamiento launch site
    base naval naval base
    base de operaciones operational base
    4 base (chemistry).
    5 base (math & geometry).
    6 base.
    7 makeup.
    8 radix, base of a system of numbers or logarithms.
    pres.subj.
    1st person singular (yo) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: basar.
    * * *
    1 (gen) base
    2 figurado basis
    ■ si partimos de la base de que... if we start from the premise that...
    3 QUÍMICA base, alkali
    2 las bases (de partido etc) grass roots, rank and file
    \
    a base de (por) through, by means of, using 2 (de) consisting of
    en base a based on, on the basis of
    base aérea air base
    base de datos database
    base de datos documental documentary database
    base de datos relacional relational database
    base de lanzamiento launch site
    base de operaciones operational headquarters
    base imponible taxable income
    base naval naval base
    * * *
    noun f.
    1) base
    •
    * * *
    1. SF
    1) (=parte inferior) base
    2) (=fondo) [de pintura] background; [de maquillaje] foundation
    3) (=fundamento) basis

    • carecer de base — [acusación] to lack foundation, be unfounded; [argumento] to lack justification, be unjustified

    • de base — [error, dato] basic, fundamental; [activista, apoyo] grass-roots antes de s

    • en base a [uso periodístico] —

    en base a que: no publicaron la carta en base a que era demasiado larga — they didn't publish the letter because it was too long

    • partir de una base, un juez tiene que partir de una base de neutralidad absoluta — a judge must start out from a position of absolute neutrality

    partiendo de esta base, nos planteamos la necesidad... — on this assumption, we think it necessary...

    partir de la base de que... — to take as one's starting point that...

    • sentar las bases de algo — to lay the foundations of sth

    • sobre la base de algo — on the basis of sth

    4) (=componente principal)

    • a base de algo, una dieta a base de arroz — a rice-based diet, a diet based on rice

    un plato a base de verduras — a vegetable-based dish, a dish based on vegetables

    • a base de hacer algo — by doing sth

    así, a base de no hacer nada, poco vas a conseguir — you won't achieve much by doing nothing

    a base de insistir, la convenció para comprar la casa — by o through his insistence, he persuaded her to buy the house

    base imponible — (Econ) taxable income

    5) (=conocimientos básicos) grounding
    6) (Mil) base
    7) pl bases
    a) (=condiciones) [de concurso] conditions, rules; [de convocatoria] requirements
    b) (Pol)
    8) (Inform)
    9) (Mat) [en una potencia] base
    10) (Quím) base
    11) (Téc) base, mounting
    12) (Agrimensura) base, base line
    13) (Ling) (tb: base derivativa) base form
    14) (Béisbol) base
    15) ** (=droga) base
    2.
    SMF (Baloncesto) guard
    3. ADJ INV
    1) (=de partida) [campamento, campo] base antes de s ; [puerto] home antes de s
    2) (=básico) [idea] basic; [documento, texto] provisional, draft

    • alimento base — staple (food)

    • color base — base colour o (EEUU) color

    salario, sueldo
    * * *
    I
    1)
    a) ( parte inferior) base
    b) tb
    2)

    a base de: a base de descansar se fue recuperando by resting she gradually recovered; un régimen a base de verdura a vegetable-based diet; vive a base de pastillas he lives on pills; de base <planteamiento/error> fundamental, basic; < militante> rank-and-file (before n), ordinary (before n); < movimiento> grass-roots (before n); en base a (crit) on the basis of; a base de bien (Esp fam): comimos a base de bien — we ate really well

    base aérea/naval/militar — air/naval/military base

    5)

    las bases — (Pol) the rank and file (pl)

    6) (Mat, Quím) base
    7) bases femenino plural ( de concurso) rules (pl)
    8)
    a) ( en béisbol) base
    b) base masculino y femenino ( en baloncesto) guard
    II
    adjetivo invariable
    a) (básico, elemental) basic; <documento/texto> draft (before n)
    b) < campamento> base (before n)
    * * *
    = base, base, base plate, basis [bases, -pl.], basis [bases, -pl.], bedrock, core, cornerstone [corner-stone], foundation, grounding, underpinning, cradle, warp and woof.
    Ex. The reader should now have a reasonably firm base from which to begin a more detailed reading of the specification of elements.
    Ex. The base of a notation is the set of symbols used in a specific notation.
    Ex. The two windows in the base plate of the scanner help move the read head accurately across the bar codes.
    Ex. These factors form the basis of the problems in identifying a satisfactory subject approach, and start to explain the vast array of different tolls used in the subject approach to knowledge.
    Ex. These factors form the basis of the problems in identifying a satisfactory subject approach, and start to explain the vast array of different tolls used in the subject approach to knowledge.
    Ex. We are the bedrock of our profession and the standards that we attain fundamentally affect the status of the profession.
    Ex. The main list of index terms is the core of the thesaurus and defines the index language.
    Ex. Abstracts are the cornerstone of secondary publications.
    Ex. In the same way that citation orders may have more or less theoretical foundations, equally reference generation may follow a predetermined pattern.
    Ex. The experience gained with these special schemes provided a grounding for work on the development of a new general scheme.
    Ex. The criteria must be subject to continuing review and annual updating if they are to remain valid as the underpinning for a professional activity.
    Ex. 'I have to leave fairly soon,' he said as he returned the receiver to its cradle, 'so let's get down to business'.
    Ex. Training in self-help is part of the warp and woof of any tenable theory of reference work.
    ----
    * a base de = in the form of, on a diet of.
    * a base de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].
    * a base de cometer errores = the hard way.
    * a base de errores = the hard way.
    * afianzar las bases = strengthen + foundations.
    * aplicar una capa base = prime.
    * aprender Algo a base de cometer errores = learn + Nombre + the hard way.
    * banda de base = baseband.
    * basado en un gestor de bases de datos = DBMS-based.
    * base cognitiva = knowledge base [knowledge-base].
    * base de datos = data bank [databank], database [data base], database software.
    * base de datos automatizada = computer database, computer-held database, computerised database, machine-readable database.
    * base de datos bibliográfica = bibliographic database.
    * base de datos bibliográfica de resúmenes = abstracts based bibliographic database.
    * base de datos catalográfica = catalogue database, cataloguing database.
    * base de datos comercial = commercial database.
    * base de datos completa = full-provision database.
    * base de datos con información confidencial = intelligence database.
    * base de datos cruzada = cross database.
    * base de datos de acceso mediante suscripción = subscription database.
    * base de datos de autoridades = authority database.
    * base de datos de carburantes = TULSA.
    * base de datos de documentos primarios = source database.
    * base de datos de documentos secundarios = reference database.
    * base de datos de dominio público = public domain database.
    * base de datos de educación = ERIC.
    * base de datos de imágenes = image database, image bank.
    * base de datos de investigación = research database.
    * base de datos del gobierno de USA = CRECORD, FEDREG.
    * base de datos de lógica difusa = fuzzy database.
    * base de datos de medicina = MEDLINE.
    * base de datos de negocios = business database.
    * base de datos de pago = subscription database.
    * base de datos de patentes = WPI.
    * base de datos de propiedades = properties database.
    * base de datos de referencia = reference database.
    * base de datos de referencia a especialistas = referral database.
    * base de datos de registros de catálogo = catalogue record database.
    * base de datos de texto = textual data base, text-oriented database, text database.
    * base de datos de texto completo = full text database.
    * base de datos de texto libre = free text database.
    * base de datos dirigida a un mercado específico = niche database.
    * base de datos distribuida = distributed database.
    * base de datos documental = textual data base.
    * base de datos en CD-ROM = CD-ROM database.
    * base de datos en disco óptico = optical disc database.
    * base de datos en estado original = raw database.
    * base de datos en línea = online database.
    * base de datos estadística = statistical database.
    * base de datos externa = external database.
    * base de datos factual = factual database.
    * base de datos financiera = financial database.
    * base de datos interna = in-house database.
    * base de datos jurídica = legal database.
    * base de datos local = local area database.
    * base de datos multimedia = multimedia database.
    * base de datos no bibliográfica = non-bibliographic database.
    * base de datos numérica = numeric database, numerical database.
    * base de datos numérico-textual = textual-numeric database, text-numeric database.
    * base de datos relacional = relational database.
    * base de datos residente = resident database.
    * base de datos terminológica = terminology database.
    * base de datos textual = textual data base.
    * base de operaciones = home base.
    * base de un número = subscript numeral.
    * base impositiva = tax base.
    * base lógica = rationale.
    * base militar = military base.
    * bases = background.
    * base teórica = theoretical underpinning, theoretical underpinning.
    * búsqueda en múltiples bases de datos = cross database searching.
    * campamento base = base camp.
    * comenzar desde la base = start at + ground zero.
    * como base para = as a basis for.
    * con base de arena = sand-based.
    * con base empírica = empirically-based.
    * con base en = based in.
    * conformar las bases = set + the framework.
    * conocimiento de base = foundation study.
    * constituir la base = form + the foundation.
    * constituir la base de = form + the basis of.
    * construir la base = form + the skeleton.
    * creador de bases de datos = database producer.
    * crear una base = form + a basis.
    * de base popular = grassroots [grass-roots].
    * descubrimiento de información en las bases de datos = knowledge discovery in databases (KDD).
    * directorio de empresas en base de datos = company directory database.
    * distribuidor de bases de datos = online system host, database host, host system, online service vendor.
    * distribuidor de bases de datos en línea = online vendor.
    * empezar desde la base = start at + ground zero.
    * en base a = in terms of, on the grounds that/of, on the basis of.
    * en la base = at the core (of).
    * en su base = at its core.
    * específico de una base de datos = database-specific.
    * formar la base = form + the foundation.
    * formar la base de = form + the basis of.
    * gestión de bases de datos = database management.
    * gestor de bases de datos = database management system (DBMS), DBMS system.
    * gestor de bases de datos relacionales = relational database management system.
    * hecho a base de parches = patchwork.
    * industria de las bases de datos = database industry.
    * línea base = baseline [base line].
    * meta base de datos = meta-database.
    * montar una base de datos = mount + database.
    * novela escrita a base de fórmulas o clichés = formula fiction.
    * organismo de base popular = grassroots organisation.
    * partir de la base de que = start from + the premise that, build on + the premise that.
    * poner las bases = lay + foundation, lay + the basis for.
    * portada de una base de datos = file banner.
    * presupuesto de base cero = zero-base(d) budgeting (ZZB), zero-base(d) budget.
    * productor de bases de datos = database producer.
    * programa de gestión de bases de datos = database management software.
    * proveedor de bases de datos = database provider.
    * que funciona a base de órdenes = command-driven.
    * remedio a base de hierbas = herbal remedy.
    * sentar base = make + things happen.
    * sentar las bases = lay + foundation, set + the scene, set + the wheels in motion, set + the tone, set + the framework, set + the pattern, provide + the basis, lay + the basis for, provide + the material for.
    * sentar las bases de Algo = lay + the groundwork for.
    * ser la base de = be at the core of, form + the basis of, be at the heart of.
    * sin base = unsupported, ill-founded.
    * sobre base de arena = sand-based.
    * sobre esta base = on this basis, on that basis.
    * sobre la base de = in relation to, on the usual basis.
    * subsistir a base de = live on.
    * tipo de interés base = base rate, prime rate.
    * tratamiento a base de hierbas = herbal treatment.
    * * *
    I
    1)
    a) ( parte inferior) base
    b) tb
    2)

    a base de: a base de descansar se fue recuperando by resting she gradually recovered; un régimen a base de verdura a vegetable-based diet; vive a base de pastillas he lives on pills; de base <planteamiento/error> fundamental, basic; < militante> rank-and-file (before n), ordinary (before n); < movimiento> grass-roots (before n); en base a (crit) on the basis of; a base de bien (Esp fam): comimos a base de bien — we ate really well

    base aérea/naval/militar — air/naval/military base

    5)

    las bases — (Pol) the rank and file (pl)

    6) (Mat, Quím) base
    7) bases femenino plural ( de concurso) rules (pl)
    8)
    a) ( en béisbol) base
    b) base masculino y femenino ( en baloncesto) guard
    II
    adjetivo invariable
    a) (básico, elemental) basic; <documento/texto> draft (before n)
    b) < campamento> base (before n)
    * * *
    = base, base, base plate, basis [bases, -pl.], basis [bases, -pl.], bedrock, core, cornerstone [corner-stone], foundation, grounding, underpinning, cradle, warp and woof.

    Ex: The reader should now have a reasonably firm base from which to begin a more detailed reading of the specification of elements.

    Ex: The base of a notation is the set of symbols used in a specific notation.
    Ex: The two windows in the base plate of the scanner help move the read head accurately across the bar codes.
    Ex: These factors form the basis of the problems in identifying a satisfactory subject approach, and start to explain the vast array of different tolls used in the subject approach to knowledge.
    Ex: These factors form the basis of the problems in identifying a satisfactory subject approach, and start to explain the vast array of different tolls used in the subject approach to knowledge.
    Ex: We are the bedrock of our profession and the standards that we attain fundamentally affect the status of the profession.
    Ex: The main list of index terms is the core of the thesaurus and defines the index language.
    Ex: Abstracts are the cornerstone of secondary publications.
    Ex: In the same way that citation orders may have more or less theoretical foundations, equally reference generation may follow a predetermined pattern.
    Ex: The experience gained with these special schemes provided a grounding for work on the development of a new general scheme.
    Ex: The criteria must be subject to continuing review and annual updating if they are to remain valid as the underpinning for a professional activity.
    Ex: 'I have to leave fairly soon,' he said as he returned the receiver to its cradle, 'so let's get down to business'.
    Ex: Training in self-help is part of the warp and woof of any tenable theory of reference work.
    * a base de = in the form of, on a diet of.
    * a base de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].
    * a base de cometer errores = the hard way.
    * a base de errores = the hard way.
    * afianzar las bases = strengthen + foundations.
    * aplicar una capa base = prime.
    * aprender Algo a base de cometer errores = learn + Nombre + the hard way.
    * banda de base = baseband.
    * basado en un gestor de bases de datos = DBMS-based.
    * base cognitiva = knowledge base [knowledge-base].
    * base de datos = data bank [databank], database [data base], database software.
    * base de datos automatizada = computer database, computer-held database, computerised database, machine-readable database.
    * base de datos bibliográfica = bibliographic database.
    * base de datos bibliográfica de resúmenes = abstracts based bibliographic database.
    * base de datos catalográfica = catalogue database, cataloguing database.
    * base de datos comercial = commercial database.
    * base de datos completa = full-provision database.
    * base de datos con información confidencial = intelligence database.
    * base de datos cruzada = cross database.
    * base de datos de acceso mediante suscripción = subscription database.
    * base de datos de autoridades = authority database.
    * base de datos de carburantes = TULSA.
    * base de datos de documentos primarios = source database.
    * base de datos de documentos secundarios = reference database.
    * base de datos de dominio público = public domain database.
    * base de datos de educación = ERIC.
    * base de datos de imágenes = image database, image bank.
    * base de datos de investigación = research database.
    * base de datos del gobierno de USA = CRECORD, FEDREG.
    * base de datos de lógica difusa = fuzzy database.
    * base de datos de medicina = MEDLINE.
    * base de datos de negocios = business database.
    * base de datos de pago = subscription database.
    * base de datos de patentes = WPI.
    * base de datos de propiedades = properties database.
    * base de datos de referencia = reference database.
    * base de datos de referencia a especialistas = referral database.
    * base de datos de registros de catálogo = catalogue record database.
    * base de datos de texto = textual data base, text-oriented database, text database.
    * base de datos de texto completo = full text database.
    * base de datos de texto libre = free text database.
    * base de datos dirigida a un mercado específico = niche database.
    * base de datos distribuida = distributed database.
    * base de datos documental = textual data base.
    * base de datos en CD-ROM = CD-ROM database.
    * base de datos en disco óptico = optical disc database.
    * base de datos en estado original = raw database.
    * base de datos en línea = online database.
    * base de datos estadística = statistical database.
    * base de datos externa = external database.
    * base de datos factual = factual database.
    * base de datos financiera = financial database.
    * base de datos interna = in-house database.
    * base de datos jurídica = legal database.
    * base de datos local = local area database.
    * base de datos multimedia = multimedia database.
    * base de datos no bibliográfica = non-bibliographic database.
    * base de datos numérica = numeric database, numerical database.
    * base de datos numérico-textual = textual-numeric database, text-numeric database.
    * base de datos relacional = relational database.
    * base de datos residente = resident database.
    * base de datos terminológica = terminology database.
    * base de datos textual = textual data base.
    * base de operaciones = home base.
    * base de un número = subscript numeral.
    * base impositiva = tax base.
    * base lógica = rationale.
    * base militar = military base.
    * bases = background.
    * base teórica = theoretical underpinning, theoretical underpinning.
    * búsqueda en múltiples bases de datos = cross database searching.
    * campamento base = base camp.
    * comenzar desde la base = start at + ground zero.
    * como base para = as a basis for.
    * con base de arena = sand-based.
    * con base empírica = empirically-based.
    * con base en = based in.
    * conformar las bases = set + the framework.
    * conocimiento de base = foundation study.
    * constituir la base = form + the foundation.
    * constituir la base de = form + the basis of.
    * construir la base = form + the skeleton.
    * creador de bases de datos = database producer.
    * crear una base = form + a basis.
    * de base popular = grassroots [grass-roots].
    * descubrimiento de información en las bases de datos = knowledge discovery in databases (KDD).
    * directorio de empresas en base de datos = company directory database.
    * distribuidor de bases de datos = online system host, database host, host system, online service vendor.
    * distribuidor de bases de datos en línea = online vendor.
    * empezar desde la base = start at + ground zero.
    * en base a = in terms of, on the grounds that/of, on the basis of.
    * en la base = at the core (of).
    * en su base = at its core.
    * específico de una base de datos = database-specific.
    * formar la base = form + the foundation.
    * formar la base de = form + the basis of.
    * gestión de bases de datos = database management.
    * gestor de bases de datos = database management system (DBMS), DBMS system.
    * gestor de bases de datos relacionales = relational database management system.
    * hecho a base de parches = patchwork.
    * industria de las bases de datos = database industry.
    * línea base = baseline [base line].
    * meta base de datos = meta-database.
    * montar una base de datos = mount + database.
    * novela escrita a base de fórmulas o clichés = formula fiction.
    * organismo de base popular = grassroots organisation.
    * partir de la base de que = start from + the premise that, build on + the premise that.
    * poner las bases = lay + foundation, lay + the basis for.
    * portada de una base de datos = file banner.
    * presupuesto de base cero = zero-base(d) budgeting (ZZB), zero-base(d) budget.
    * productor de bases de datos = database producer.
    * programa de gestión de bases de datos = database management software.
    * proveedor de bases de datos = database provider.
    * que funciona a base de órdenes = command-driven.
    * remedio a base de hierbas = herbal remedy.
    * sentar base = make + things happen.
    * sentar las bases = lay + foundation, set + the scene, set + the wheels in motion, set + the tone, set + the framework, set + the pattern, provide + the basis, lay + the basis for, provide + the material for.
    * sentar las bases de Algo = lay + the groundwork for.
    * ser la base de = be at the core of, form + the basis of, be at the heart of.
    * sin base = unsupported, ill-founded.
    * sobre base de arena = sand-based.
    * sobre esta base = on this basis, on that basis.
    * sobre la base de = in relation to, on the usual basis.
    * subsistir a base de = live on.
    * tipo de interés base = base rate, prime rate.
    * tratamiento a base de hierbas = herbal treatment.

    * * *
    A
    la base de una columna the base of a column
    el contraste está en la base the hallmark is on the base o the bottom
    2 (fondo) background
    sobre una base de tonos claros against o on a background of light tones
    3
    tb base de maquillaje foundation
    4 (permanente) soft perm
    B
    1
    (fundamento): no tienes suficiente base para asegurar eso you don't have sufficient grounds to claim that
    la base de una buena salud es una alimentación sana the basis of good health is a balanced diet
    esa afirmación carece de bases sólidas that statement is not founded o based on any firm evidence
    sentar las bases de un acuerdo to lay the foundations of an agreement
    un movimiento sin base popular a movement without a popular power base
    tomar algo como base to take sth as a starting point
    partiendo or si partimos de la base de que … if we start from the premise o assumption that …
    sobre la base de estos datos podemos concluir que … on the basis of this information we can conclude that …
    2
    (componente principal): la base de su alimentación es el arroz rice is their staple food, their diet is based on rice
    la base de este perfume es el jazmín this perfume has a jasmine base, this is a jasmine-based perfume
    los diamantes forman la base de la economía the economy is based on diamonds
    3
    (conocimientos básicos): tiene una sólida base científica he has a sound basic knowledge of o he has a sound grounding in science
    llegó sin ninguna base he hadn't mastered the basics when he arrived
    Compuestos:
    database
    relational database
    tax base ( AmE), taxable income o base ( BrE)
    C ( en locs):
    a base de: a base de descansar se fue recuperando by resting she gradually recovered
    lo consiguió a base de muchos sacrificios he had to make a lot of sacrifices to achieve it
    un régimen a base de verdura a vegetable-based diet, a diet mainly consisting of vegetables
    una bebida a base de ginebra a gin-based drink
    vive a base de pastillas pills are what keep her going
    de base ‹planteamiento/error› fundamental, basic;
    ‹militante› rank-and-file ( before n), ordinary ( before n); ‹movimiento/democracia› grass roots ( before n)
    en base a ( crit); on the basis of
    en base a las recientes encuestas on the evidence o basis of recent polls
    una propuesta de negociación en base a un programa de diez puntos a proposal for negotiations based on a ten-point plan
    a base de bien ( Esp fam): comimos a base de bien we really ate well, we had a really good meal
    Compuestos:
    air base
    launch site
    center* of operations, operational headquarters ( sing o pl)
    military base
    naval base
    E ( Pol) tb
    bases rank and file (pl)
    F ( Mat) base
    G ( Quím) base
    H bases fpl (de un concurso) rules (pl), conditions of entry (pl)
    I
    2
    1 (básico, elemental) ‹alimento› basic, staple ( before n); ‹documento/texto› draft ( before n)
    la idea base partió de … the basic idea stemmed from …
    2 (de origen) ‹puerto› home ( before n); ‹campamento› base ( before n)
    * * *

     

    Del verbo basar: ( conjugate basar)

    basé es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) pretérito indicativo

    base es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    basar    
    base
    basar ( conjugate basar) verbo transitivo ‹teoría/idea› base algo en algo to base sth on sth
    basarse verbo pronominal
    a) [ persona] basese EN algo:

    ◊ ¿en qué te basas para decir eso? and what basis o grounds do you have for saying that?;

    se basó en esos datos he based his argument (o theory etc) on that information
    b) [teoría/creencia/idea/opinión] basese EN algo to be based on sth

    base sustantivo femenino
    1

    b) tb


    2


    tengo suficiente base para asegurar eso I have sufficient grounds to claim that;
    sentar las bases de algo to lay the foundations of sth;
    tomar algo como base to take sth as a starting point


    llegó al curso sin ninguna base he didn't have the basics when he began the course;
    base de datos database
    3 ( en locs)
    ◊ a base de: un régimen a base de verdura a vegetable-based diet;

    vive a base de pastillas he lives on pills
    4 ( centro de operaciones) base;
    ◊ base aérea/naval/militar air/naval/military base

    5
    ◊ bases sustantivo femenino plural ( de concurso) rules (pl)

    6

    b)

    ◊ base sustantivo masculino y femenino ( en baloncesto) guard

    basar verbo transitivo to base [en, on]
    base
    I sustantivo femenino
    1 base
    2 (fundamento de una teoría, de un argumento) basis, (motivo) grounds: tus quejas no tienen base alguna, your complaints are groundless
    3 (conocimientos previos) grounding: tiene muy mala base en matemáticas, he's got a very poor grasp of maths
    4 Mil base
    base aérea/naval, air/naval base
    5 Inform base de datos, data base
    II fpl
    1 Pol the grass roots: las bases no apoyan al candidato, the candidate didn't get any grass-roots support
    2 (de un concurso) rules
    ♦ Locuciones: a base de: la fastidiaron a base de bien, they really messed her about
    a base de estudiar consiguió aprobar, he passed by studying
    a base de extracto de camomila, using camomile extract
    ' base' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    baja
    - bajo
    - basar
    - columpiarse
    - concentración
    - esquema
    - fundar
    - fundamentar
    - fundarse
    - innoble
    - mantenerse
    - pie
    - salario
    - somier
    - subsistir
    - tejemaneje
    - asiento
    - banco
    - bastardo
    - cimentar
    - fundamento
    - inicial
    - mantener
    - rejilla
    - sueldo
    English:
    air base
    - base
    - basis
    - circuit board
    - cornerstone
    - data base
    - decision making
    - fatty
    - foundation
    - from
    - grounding
    - rank
    - rationale
    - roll out
    - stand
    - undercoat
    - work
    - air
    - ball
    - base pay
    - bed
    - cover
    - data
    - educated
    - found
    - French
    - go
    - ground
    - hard
    - home
    - model
    - pickle
    - primary
    - report
    - rocky
    - sordid
    - squash
    - staple
    - starchy
    - taxable
    - under
    * * *
    ♦ nf
    1. [parte inferior] base;
    [de edificio] foundations;
    colocaron un ramo de flores en la base del monumento they placed a bunch of flowers at the foot of the monument
    base de maquillaje foundation (cream)
    2. [fundamento, origen] basis;
    el respeto al medio ambiente es la base de un desarrollo equilibrado respect for the environment is o forms the basis of balanced development;
    el petróleo es la base de su economía their economy is based on oil;
    salí de la universidad con una sólida base humanística I left university with a solid grounding in the humanities;
    ese argumento se cae por su base that argument is built on sand;
    esta teoría carece de base this theory is unfounded, this theory is not founded on solid arguments;
    partimos de la base de que… we assume that…;
    se parte de la base de que todos ya saben leer we're starting with the assumption that everyone can read;
    sentar las bases para… to lay the foundations of…;
    sobre la base de esta encuesta se concluye que… on the basis of this opinion poll, it can be concluded that… Fin base imponible taxable income
    3. [conocimientos básicos] grounding;
    habla mal francés porque tiene mala base she doesn't speak French well because she hasn't learnt the basics properly
    4. [militar, científica] base
    base aérea air base;
    base espacial space station;
    base de lanzamiento launch site;
    base naval naval base;
    base de operaciones operational base;
    [aeropuerto civil ] base (of operations)
    5. Quím base
    6. Geom base
    7. Mat base
    8. Ling base (form)
    base de datos documental documentary database;
    base de datos relacional relational database
    10. Com base de clientes customer base
    11.
    bases [para prueba, concurso] rules
    12.
    las bases [de partido, sindicato] the grass roots, the rank and file;
    afiliado de las bases grassroots member
    13. [en béisbol] base;
    Méx
    ♦ nmf
    [en baloncesto] guard
    ♦ a base de loc prep
    by (means of);
    me alimento a base de verduras I live on vegetables;
    el flan está hecho a base de huevos crème caramel is made with eggs;
    a base de no hacer nada by not doing anything;
    a base de trabajar duro fue ascendiendo puestos she moved up through the company by working hard;
    aprender a base de equivocarse to learn the hard way;
    se sacó la carrera a base de codos she got her degree by sheer hard work
    Esp Fam
    a base de bien: nos humillaron a base de bien they really humiliated us;
    lloraba a base de bien he was crying his eyes out;
    los niños disfrutaron a base de bien the children had a great time
    ♦ en base a loc prep
    [considerado incorrecto] on the basis of;
    en base a lo visto hasta ahora, no creo que puedan ganar from what I've seen so far, I don't think they can win;
    el plan se efectuará en base a lo convenido the plan will be carried out in accordance with the terms agreed upon
    * * *
    I f
    1 QUÍM, MAT, MIL, DEP base
    2
    :
    bases pl de concurso etc conditions
    3
    :
    una dieta a base de frutas a diet based on fruit, a fruit-based diet;
    consiguió comprarse una casa a base de ahorrar he managed to buy a house by (dint of) saving;
    nos divertimos a base de bien we had a really o fam a real good time
    II m/f en baloncesto guard
    * * *
    base nf
    1) : base, bottom
    2) : base (in baseball)
    3) fundamento: basis, foundation
    4)
    base de datos : database
    5)
    a base de : based on, by means of
    6)
    en base a : based on, on the basis of
    * * *
    base n
    1. (en general) base
    2. (fundamento) basis [pl. bases]

    Spanish-English dictionary > base

  • 11 dato

    m.
    1 piece of information, fact (hecho, cifra).
    datos information, data; (información) data (computing)
    datos (personales) (personal) details
    2 Dato.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: datar.
    * * *
    1 (información) fact, piece of information, datum
    \
    datos personales personal details
    * * *
    noun m.
    fact, piece of information
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=información) piece of information

    un dato interesante — an interesting fact o piece of information

    otro dato que tener en cuenta es... — another thing to bear in mind is...

    datos personales — personal details, particulars

    2) (Mat) datum
    * * *
    a) ( elemento de información) piece of information

    alguien le pasó el dato a la policía — (CS) somebody informed o (colloq) tipped off the police

    darle un dato a alguien — (CS) to give somebody a tip

    b) datos masculino plural (Inf) data (pl), information
    * * *
    = attribute value, data element, data item, datum [data, -pl.], fact, value, piece of information.
    Ex. Others have used possibility distributions for representing fuzzily known or incompletely known attribute values.
    Ex. The Working Group undertook to determine from the data available what data elements should be included for each type of authority.
    Ex. Information is held in files or databases, which are comprise of records, which in turn are comprised of fields or data items, which again may be comprised of subfields or data elements.
    Ex. Thus, having entered the authority datum correctly once, we could be sure that no matter how many bibliographic records used it they would all do so with mechanical consistency.
    Ex. Other data bases, which may be described as non-bibliographic, and are sometimes known as data banks, store actual facts and figures and text.
    Ex. A good initial value for this field will start the system off with a good guess so that claims for missing issues are not unreasonable at the beginning.
    Ex. On other occasions a user wants every document or piece of information on a topic traced, and then high recall must be sought, to the detriment of precision.
    ----
    * alimentar datos = populate.
    * almacenamiento de datos = data storage.
    * añadir datos = make + additions.
    * archivo de datos = database [data base].
    * área de datos específicos de la clase de documento = material (or type of publication) specific details area.
    * área de datos matemáticos = mathematical data area.
    * auditoría de datos = data auditing, data audit.
    * banco de datos = data bank [databank], factual data bank.
    * banco de datos factual = factual data bank.
    * banco de datos terminológico = terminological data bank.
    * basado en los datos = data-driven.
    * basado en un gestor de bases de datos = DBMS-based.
    * base de datos = data bank [databank], database [data base], database software.
    * base de datos automatizada = computer database, computer-held database, computerised database, machine-readable database.
    * base de datos bibliográfica = bibliographic database.
    * base de datos bibliográfica de resúmenes = abstracts based bibliographic database.
    * base de datos catalográfica = catalogue database.
    * base de datos completa = full-provision database.
    * base de datos con información confidencial = intelligence database.
    * base de datos cruzada = cross database.
    * base de datos de acceso mediante suscripción = subscription database.
    * base de datos de autoridades = authority database.
    * base de datos de carburantes = TULSA.
    * base de datos de documentos primarios = source database.
    * base de datos de documentos secundarios = reference database.
    * base de datos de dominio público = public domain database.
    * base de datos de educación = ERIC.
    * base de datos de imágenes = image database, image bank.
    * base de datos de investigación = research database.
    * base de datos del gobierno de USA = CRECORD, FEDREG.
    * base de datos de lógica difusa = fuzzy database.
    * base de datos de medicina = MEDLINE.
    * base de datos de negocios = business database.
    * base de datos de pago = subscription database.
    * base de datos de patentes = WPI.
    * base de datos de propiedades = properties database.
    * base de datos de referencia = reference database.
    * base de datos de referencia a especialistas = referral database.
    * base de datos de registros de catálogo = catalogue record database.
    * base de datos de texto = text-oriented database, text database.
    * base de datos de texto completo = full text database.
    * base de datos de texto libre = free text database.
    * base de datos dirigida a un mercado específico = niche database.
    * base de datos distribuida = distributed database.
    * base de datos en CD-ROM = CD-ROM database.
    * base de datos en disco óptico = optical disc database.
    * base de datos en estado original = raw database.
    * base de datos en línea = online database.
    * base de datos estadística = statistical database.
    * base de datos externa = external database.
    * base de datos factual = factual database.
    * base de datos interna = in-house database.
    * base de datos jurídica = legal database.
    * base de datos multimedia = multimedia database.
    * base de datos no bibliográfica = non-bibliographic database.
    * base de datos numérica = numeric database, numerical database.
    * base de datos relacional = relational database.
    * base de datos residente = resident database.
    * base de datos terminológica = terminology database.
    * bloque de datos = data bloc.
    * bloque funcional de datos codificados = coded information block.
    * búfer de datos = data buffer.
    * bus de datos = databus.
    * búsqueda de datos = fact-finding.
    * campo de datos = datafield.
    * capturar datos = capture + data.
    * centro de datos = data centre.
    * codificación de datos = data-coding [data coding].
    * con datos no pertinentes = dirty [dirtier -comp., dirtiest -sup.].
    * conjunto de datos = data set [dataset].
    * contaminación de datos = data contamination.
    * corrupción de datos = data corruption.
    * creación de depósitos de datos = data warehousing.
    * creador de bases de datos = database producer.
    * dar datos de = give + details of.
    * dato concreto = hard fact.
    * datos = data [datum, -sing.], details, figure.
    * datos bibliográficos = bibliographic data, bibliodata.
    * datos biográficos = biodata.
    * datos concretos = specifics, the.
    * datos concretos y reales = hard data.
    * datos de contacto = contact details.
    * datos de entrada = input data.
    * datos de la tarjeta de crédito = credit card details.
    * datos demográficos = demographics.
    * datos desagregados por sexo = gender-disaggregated data.
    * datos empíricos = empirical data.
    * datos en bruto = raw data.
    * datos en estado bruto = raw facts.
    * datos en propiedad = property data.
    * datos erróneos = dirty data.
    * datos estadísticos = statistics, statistical data.
    * datos estadísticos de la biblioteca = library records, library statistics.
    * datos factuales = factual data.
    * datos legibles por máquina = machine-readable data.
    * datos numéricos = numerical data.
    * datos personales = personal details.
    * datos privados = property data.
    * de lectura de datos = data-capture.
    * depósito de datos = data warehouse.
    * depuración de datos = data cleaning.
    * descubrimiento de datos = data mining.
    * descubrimiento de información en las bases de datos = knowledge discovery in databases (KDD).
    * directorio de empresas en base de datos = company directory database.
    * dispositivo de almacenamiento de datos = store.
    * distribuidor de bases de datos = host system.
    * distribuidor de bases de datos en línea = online vendor.
    * EDI (Intercambio Electrónico de Datos) = EDI (Electronic Data Interchange).
    * entrada de datos = data entry, input, inputting.
    * entrada de datos sólo una vez = one-time entry.
    * estructura de datos = data structure.
    * extracción inteligente de datos = data mining.
    * fichero de salida de datos = communication output file.
    * gestión de bases de datos = database management.
    * gestión de datos = data handling.
    * gestor de bases de datos = DBMS system.
    * gestor de bases de datos relacionales = relational database management system.
    * grupo de datos = data set [dataset].
    * hoja con los datos básicos para Hacer Algo = data sheet [datasheet].
    * hoja de toma de datos = checklist [check-list], data sheet [datasheet].
    * impreso de recogida de datos = enquiry form, inquiry form.
    * industria de las bases de datos = database industry.
    * inserción de datos = input.
    * instrumento de recogida de datos = data collection instrument.
    * introducción de datos utilizando un teclado = keypunching.
    * introducir datos = key + data.
    * introducir datos en el ordenador = input.
    * introducir datos partiendo de cero = enter from + scratch.
    * introductor de datos en un ordenador = inputter.
    * limpieza de datos = data cleaning.
    * lista de datos = fact finder.
    * localización de datos = addressing.
    * manipulación de datos = data manipulation.
    * memoria intermedia de datos = data buffer.
    * memorizar datos = memorise + facts.
    * meta base de datos = meta-database.
    * migración de datos = data migration.
    * minería de datos = data mining.
    * modo de introducción de datos = input mode.
    * montar una base de datos = mount + database.
    * norma de entrada de datos = input standard.
    * operación sobre datos = data manipulation.
    * operario de entrada de datos = data entry operator.
    * paquete de entrada y comprobación de datos = data entry and validation package.
    * pérdida de datos = data loss.
    * personal de proceso de datos = operation staff.
    * preparación de los datos = data preparation.
    * procesamiento de datos = data processing.
    * procesamiento de datos numéricos = number-crunching.
    * proceso de datos = data processing, transaction processing.
    * productor de bases de datos = database producer.
    * programa de gestión de bases de datos = database management software.
    * protección de datos = data protection.
    * prototipo para el proceso de datos = data modelling.
    * proveedor de bases de datos = database provider.
    * recabar datos = solicit + data.
    * recoger datos = collect + data.
    * recoger datos para hacer estadísticas = collect + statistics.
    * recogida de datos = data collection, data gathering [data-gathering], fact-gathering, reporting, data collecting.
    * salida de datos = output.
    * sistema de proceso de datos = data processing system.
    * Sistema Internacional de Datos sobre Publicaciones Seriadas (ISDS) = ISDS (International Serials Data System).
    * suministrar datos = furnish + details.
    * suministro de datos = reporting.
    * tecla de borrado de datos = ERASE INPUT key.
    * tecla de introducción de datos = ENTER key.
    * técnico encargado del proceso de datos = data-processing professional.
    * tiempo de descarga de datos = download time, latency.
    * tráfico de datos de un modo intermitente = bursty traffic.
    * transformación de datos = data transformation.
    * transmisión de datos = data-flow, data transfer, data transmission.
    * tratamiento de datos = transaction processing.
    * unidad de datos = unit of data.
    * verificación de los datos = fact checking.
    * vía de transmisión de datos = data pathway, pathway.
    * * *
    a) ( elemento de información) piece of information

    alguien le pasó el dato a la policía — (CS) somebody informed o (colloq) tipped off the police

    darle un dato a alguien — (CS) to give somebody a tip

    b) datos masculino plural (Inf) data (pl), information
    * * *
    = attribute value, data element, data item, datum [data, -pl.], fact, value, piece of information.

    Ex: Others have used possibility distributions for representing fuzzily known or incompletely known attribute values.

    Ex: The Working Group undertook to determine from the data available what data elements should be included for each type of authority.
    Ex: Information is held in files or databases, which are comprise of records, which in turn are comprised of fields or data items, which again may be comprised of subfields or data elements.
    Ex: Thus, having entered the authority datum correctly once, we could be sure that no matter how many bibliographic records used it they would all do so with mechanical consistency.
    Ex: Other data bases, which may be described as non-bibliographic, and are sometimes known as data banks, store actual facts and figures and text.
    Ex: A good initial value for this field will start the system off with a good guess so that claims for missing issues are not unreasonable at the beginning.
    Ex: On other occasions a user wants every document or piece of information on a topic traced, and then high recall must be sought, to the detriment of precision.
    * alimentar datos = populate.
    * almacenamiento de datos = data storage.
    * añadir datos = make + additions.
    * archivo de datos = database [data base].
    * área de datos específicos de la clase de documento = material (or type of publication) specific details area.
    * área de datos matemáticos = mathematical data area.
    * auditoría de datos = data auditing, data audit.
    * banco de datos = data bank [databank], factual data bank.
    * banco de datos factual = factual data bank.
    * banco de datos terminológico = terminological data bank.
    * basado en los datos = data-driven.
    * basado en un gestor de bases de datos = DBMS-based.
    * base de datos = data bank [databank], database [data base], database software.
    * base de datos automatizada = computer database, computer-held database, computerised database, machine-readable database.
    * base de datos bibliográfica = bibliographic database.
    * base de datos bibliográfica de resúmenes = abstracts based bibliographic database.
    * base de datos catalográfica = catalogue database.
    * base de datos completa = full-provision database.
    * base de datos con información confidencial = intelligence database.
    * base de datos cruzada = cross database.
    * base de datos de acceso mediante suscripción = subscription database.
    * base de datos de autoridades = authority database.
    * base de datos de carburantes = TULSA.
    * base de datos de documentos primarios = source database.
    * base de datos de documentos secundarios = reference database.
    * base de datos de dominio público = public domain database.
    * base de datos de educación = ERIC.
    * base de datos de imágenes = image database, image bank.
    * base de datos de investigación = research database.
    * base de datos del gobierno de USA = CRECORD, FEDREG.
    * base de datos de lógica difusa = fuzzy database.
    * base de datos de medicina = MEDLINE.
    * base de datos de negocios = business database.
    * base de datos de pago = subscription database.
    * base de datos de patentes = WPI.
    * base de datos de propiedades = properties database.
    * base de datos de referencia = reference database.
    * base de datos de referencia a especialistas = referral database.
    * base de datos de registros de catálogo = catalogue record database.
    * base de datos de texto = text-oriented database, text database.
    * base de datos de texto completo = full text database.
    * base de datos de texto libre = free text database.
    * base de datos dirigida a un mercado específico = niche database.
    * base de datos distribuida = distributed database.
    * base de datos en CD-ROM = CD-ROM database.
    * base de datos en disco óptico = optical disc database.
    * base de datos en estado original = raw database.
    * base de datos en línea = online database.
    * base de datos estadística = statistical database.
    * base de datos externa = external database.
    * base de datos factual = factual database.
    * base de datos interna = in-house database.
    * base de datos jurídica = legal database.
    * base de datos multimedia = multimedia database.
    * base de datos no bibliográfica = non-bibliographic database.
    * base de datos numérica = numeric database, numerical database.
    * base de datos relacional = relational database.
    * base de datos residente = resident database.
    * base de datos terminológica = terminology database.
    * bloque de datos = data bloc.
    * bloque funcional de datos codificados = coded information block.
    * búfer de datos = data buffer.
    * bus de datos = databus.
    * búsqueda de datos = fact-finding.
    * campo de datos = datafield.
    * capturar datos = capture + data.
    * centro de datos = data centre.
    * codificación de datos = data-coding [data coding].
    * con datos no pertinentes = dirty [dirtier -comp., dirtiest -sup.].
    * conjunto de datos = data set [dataset].
    * contaminación de datos = data contamination.
    * corrupción de datos = data corruption.
    * creación de depósitos de datos = data warehousing.
    * creador de bases de datos = database producer.
    * dar datos de = give + details of.
    * dato concreto = hard fact.
    * datos = data [datum, -sing.], details, figure.
    * datos bibliográficos = bibliographic data, bibliodata.
    * datos biográficos = biodata.
    * datos concretos = specifics, the.
    * datos concretos y reales = hard data.
    * datos de contacto = contact details.
    * datos de entrada = input data.
    * datos de la tarjeta de crédito = credit card details.
    * datos demográficos = demographics.
    * datos desagregados por sexo = gender-disaggregated data.
    * datos empíricos = empirical data.
    * datos en bruto = raw data.
    * datos en estado bruto = raw facts.
    * datos en propiedad = property data.
    * datos erróneos = dirty data.
    * datos estadísticos = statistics, statistical data.
    * datos estadísticos de la biblioteca = library records, library statistics.
    * datos factuales = factual data.
    * datos legibles por máquina = machine-readable data.
    * datos numéricos = numerical data.
    * datos personales = personal details.
    * datos privados = property data.
    * de lectura de datos = data-capture.
    * depósito de datos = data warehouse.
    * depuración de datos = data cleaning.
    * descubrimiento de datos = data mining.
    * descubrimiento de información en las bases de datos = knowledge discovery in databases (KDD).
    * directorio de empresas en base de datos = company directory database.
    * dispositivo de almacenamiento de datos = store.
    * distribuidor de bases de datos = host system.
    * distribuidor de bases de datos en línea = online vendor.
    * EDI (Intercambio Electrónico de Datos) = EDI (Electronic Data Interchange).
    * entrada de datos = data entry, input, inputting.
    * entrada de datos sólo una vez = one-time entry.
    * estructura de datos = data structure.
    * extracción inteligente de datos = data mining.
    * fichero de salida de datos = communication output file.
    * gestión de bases de datos = database management.
    * gestión de datos = data handling.
    * gestor de bases de datos = DBMS system.
    * gestor de bases de datos relacionales = relational database management system.
    * grupo de datos = data set [dataset].
    * hoja con los datos básicos para Hacer Algo = data sheet [datasheet].
    * hoja de toma de datos = checklist [check-list], data sheet [datasheet].
    * impreso de recogida de datos = enquiry form, inquiry form.
    * industria de las bases de datos = database industry.
    * inserción de datos = input.
    * instrumento de recogida de datos = data collection instrument.
    * introducción de datos utilizando un teclado = keypunching.
    * introducir datos = key + data.
    * introducir datos en el ordenador = input.
    * introducir datos partiendo de cero = enter from + scratch.
    * introductor de datos en un ordenador = inputter.
    * limpieza de datos = data cleaning.
    * lista de datos = fact finder.
    * localización de datos = addressing.
    * manipulación de datos = data manipulation.
    * memoria intermedia de datos = data buffer.
    * memorizar datos = memorise + facts.
    * meta base de datos = meta-database.
    * migración de datos = data migration.
    * minería de datos = data mining.
    * modo de introducción de datos = input mode.
    * montar una base de datos = mount + database.
    * norma de entrada de datos = input standard.
    * operación sobre datos = data manipulation.
    * operario de entrada de datos = data entry operator.
    * paquete de entrada y comprobación de datos = data entry and validation package.
    * pérdida de datos = data loss.
    * personal de proceso de datos = operation staff.
    * preparación de los datos = data preparation.
    * procesamiento de datos = data processing.
    * procesamiento de datos numéricos = number-crunching.
    * proceso de datos = data processing, transaction processing.
    * productor de bases de datos = database producer.
    * programa de gestión de bases de datos = database management software.
    * protección de datos = data protection.
    * prototipo para el proceso de datos = data modelling.
    * proveedor de bases de datos = database provider.
    * recabar datos = solicit + data.
    * recoger datos = collect + data.
    * recoger datos para hacer estadísticas = collect + statistics.
    * recogida de datos = data collection, data gathering [data-gathering], fact-gathering, reporting, data collecting.
    * salida de datos = output.
    * sistema de proceso de datos = data processing system.
    * Sistema Internacional de Datos sobre Publicaciones Seriadas (ISDS) = ISDS (International Serials Data System).
    * suministrar datos = furnish + details.
    * suministro de datos = reporting.
    * tecla de borrado de datos = ERASE INPUT key.
    * tecla de introducción de datos = ENTER key.
    * técnico encargado del proceso de datos = data-processing professional.
    * tiempo de descarga de datos = download time, latency.
    * tráfico de datos de un modo intermitente = bursty traffic.
    * transformación de datos = data transformation.
    * transmisión de datos = data-flow, data transfer, data transmission.
    * tratamiento de datos = transaction processing.
    * unidad de datos = unit of data.
    * verificación de los datos = fact checking.
    * vía de transmisión de datos = data pathway, pathway.

    * * *
    1 (elemento de información) piece of information
    no tengo más datos que el título de la obra the only thing I know about the work is its title, the only information I have about the work is its title
    no dispongo de todos los datos I don't have all the information o details o facts
    alguien le pasó el dato a la policía (CS); somebody informed o ( colloq) tipped off the police
    me han dado un dato muy interesante (CS); I've been given a very interesting piece of information o ( colloq) a hot tip
    te voy a dar un dato, si no lo enchufas no funciona (CS hum); let me give you a tip: it won't work unless you plug it in
    2 datos mpl ( Inf) data (pl), information
    Compuesto:
    mpl particulars (pl), personal details (pl)
    * * *

     

    Del verbo datar: ( conjugate datar)

    dato es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    dató es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    datar    
    dato
    datar ( conjugate datar) verbo intransitivo
    to date;

    data de hace muchos años it goes back many years
    dato sustantivo masculino


    datos personales personal details (pl)
    b)

    ◊ datos sustantivo masculino plural (Inf) data (pl), information

    datar
    I verbo transitivo to date, put a date on
    II verbo intransitivo datar de, to date back to o from: este libro data de la Edad Media, this book dates back to the Middle Ages
    dato sustantivo masculino
    1 piece of information 2 datos, Inform data
    (pormenores) information: no tengo más datos sobre este autor, I don't have any more details about his author
    datos personales, personal details
    La traducción de dato es datum, pero solo se usa en situaciones muy formales. La traducción de datos es data (plural irregular). El singular más común de data es a piece of information.
    ' dato' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    filtrar
    - filtración
    - informativa
    - informativo
    - relevante
    - consignar
    - consultar
    - equivocado
    - falso
    English:
    data
    - information
    - tip
    * * *
    dato nm
    1. [hecho, cifra] piece of information, fact;
    lo que necesitamos son datos concretos what we need is hard facts;
    el alto desempleo es un dato que hay que tener en cuenta the high level of unemployment is a factor which has to be borne in mind;
    datos [información] information, data;
    si no me das más datos, no voy a poderte aconsejar unless you give me more information, I won't be able to advise you;
    el ministerio aún no cuenta con todos los datos the ministry does not yet have all the information at its disposal;
    datos (personales) (personal) details;
    déjenos sus datos y nos pondremos en contacto con usted leave us your details and we will get in touch with you
    datos bancarios bank details;
    datos estadísticos statistical data
    * * *
    m piece of information;
    datos pl information sg, data sg
    * * *
    dato nm
    1) : fact, piece of information
    2) datos nmpl
    : data, information
    * * *
    dato n (información) piece of information

    Spanish-English dictionary > dato

  • 12 Memory

       To what extent can we lump together what goes on when you try to recall: (1) your name; (2) how you kick a football; and (3) the present location of your car keys? If we use introspective evidence as a guide, the first seems an immediate automatic response. The second may require constructive internal replay prior to our being able to produce a verbal description. The third... quite likely involves complex operational responses under the control of some general strategy system. Is any unitary search process, with a single set of characteristics and inputoutput relations, likely to cover all these cases? (Reitman, 1970, p. 485)
       [Semantic memory] Is a mental thesaurus, organized knowledge a person possesses about words and other verbal symbols, their meanings and referents, about relations among them, and about rules, formulas, and algorithms for the manipulation of these symbols, concepts, and relations. Semantic memory does not register perceptible properties of inputs, but rather cognitive referents of input signals. (Tulving, 1972, p. 386)
       The mnemonic code, far from being fixed and unchangeable, is structured and restructured along with general development. Such a restructuring of the code takes place in close dependence on the schemes of intelligence. The clearest indication of this is the observation of different types of memory organisation in accordance with the age level of a child so that a longer interval of retention without any new presentation, far from causing a deterioration of memory, may actually improve it. (Piaget & Inhelder, 1973, p. 36)
       4) The Logic of Some Memory Theorization Is of Dubious Worth in the History of Psychology
       If a cue was effective in memory retrieval, then one could infer it was encoded; if a cue was not effective, then it was not encoded. The logic of this theorization is "heads I win, tails you lose" and is of dubious worth in the history of psychology. We might ask how long scientists will puzzle over questions with no answers. (Solso, 1974, p. 28)
       We have iconic, echoic, active, working, acoustic, articulatory, primary, secondary, episodic, semantic, short-term, intermediate-term, and longterm memories, and these memories contain tags, traces, images, attributes, markers, concepts, cognitive maps, natural-language mediators, kernel sentences, relational rules, nodes, associations, propositions, higher-order memory units, and features. (Eysenck, 1977, p. 4)
       The problem with the memory metaphor is that storage and retrieval of traces only deals [ sic] with old, previously articulated information. Memory traces can perhaps provide a basis for dealing with the "sameness" of the present experience with previous experiences, but the memory metaphor has no mechanisms for dealing with novel information. (Bransford, McCarrell, Franks & Nitsch, 1977, p. 434)
       7) The Results of a Hundred Years of the Psychological Study of Memory Are Somewhat Discouraging
       The results of a hundred years of the psychological study of memory are somewhat discouraging. We have established firm empirical generalisations, but most of them are so obvious that every ten-year-old knows them anyway. We have made discoveries, but they are only marginally about memory; in many cases we don't know what to do with them, and wear them out with endless experimental variations. We have an intellectually impressive group of theories, but history offers little confidence that they will provide any meaningful insight into natural behavior. (Neisser, 1978, pp. 12-13)
       A schema, then is a data structure for representing the generic concepts stored in memory. There are schemata representing our knowledge about all concepts; those underlying objects, situations, events, sequences of events, actions and sequences of actions. A schema contains, as part of its specification, the network of interrelations that is believed to normally hold among the constituents of the concept in question. A schema theory embodies a prototype theory of meaning. That is, inasmuch as a schema underlying a concept stored in memory corresponds to the mean ing of that concept, meanings are encoded in terms of the typical or normal situations or events that instantiate that concept. (Rumelhart, 1980, p. 34)
       Memory appears to be constrained by a structure, a "syntax," perhaps at quite a low level, but it is free to be variable, deviant, even erratic at a higher level....
       Like the information system of language, memory can be explained in part by the abstract rules which underlie it, but only in part. The rules provide a basic competence, but they do not fully determine performance. (Campbell, 1982, pp. 228, 229)
       When people think about the mind, they often liken it to a physical space, with memories and ideas as objects contained within that space. Thus, we speak of ideas being in the dark corners or dim recesses of our minds, and of holding ideas in mind. Ideas may be in the front or back of our minds, or they may be difficult to grasp. With respect to the processes involved in memory, we talk about storing memories, of searching or looking for lost memories, and sometimes of finding them. An examination of common parlance, therefore, suggests that there is general adherence to what might be called the spatial metaphor. The basic assumptions of this metaphor are that memories are treated as objects stored in specific locations within the mind, and the retrieval process involves a search through the mind in order to find specific memories....
       However, while the spatial metaphor has shown extraordinary longevity, there have been some interesting changes over time in the precise form of analogy used. In particular, technological advances have influenced theoretical conceptualisations.... The original Greek analogies were based on wax tablets and aviaries; these were superseded by analogies involving switchboards, gramophones, tape recorders, libraries, conveyor belts, and underground maps. Most recently, the workings of human memory have been compared to computer functioning... and it has been suggested that the various memory stores found in computers have their counterparts in the human memory system. (Eysenck, 1984, pp. 79-80)
       Primary memory [as proposed by William James] relates to information that remains in consciousness after it has been perceived, and thus forms part of the psychological present, whereas secondary memory contains information about events that have left consciousness, and are therefore part of the psychological past. (Eysenck, 1984, p. 86)
       Once psychologists began to study long-term memory per se, they realized it may be divided into two main categories.... Semantic memories have to do with our general knowledge about the working of the world. We know what cars do, what stoves do, what the laws of gravity are, and so on. Episodic memories are largely events that took place at a time and place in our personal history. Remembering specific events about our own actions, about our family, and about our individual past falls into this category. With amnesia or in aging, what dims... is our personal episodic memories, save for those that are especially dear or painful to us. Our knowledge of how the world works remains pretty much intact. (Gazzaniga, 1988, p. 42)
       The nature of memory... provides a natural starting point for an analysis of thinking. Memory is the repository of many of the beliefs and representations that enter into thinking, and the retrievability of these representations can limit the quality of our thought. (Smith, 1990, p. 1)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Memory

  • 13 Creativity

       Put in this bald way, these aims sound utopian. How utopian they areor rather, how imminent their realization-depends on how broadly or narrowly we interpret the term "creative." If we are willing to regard all human complex problem solving as creative, then-as we will point out-successful programs for problem solving mechanisms that simulate human problem solvers already exist, and a number of their general characteristics are known. If we reserve the term "creative" for activities like discovery of the special theory of relativity or the composition of Beethoven's Seventh Symphony, then no example of a creative mechanism exists at the present time. (Simon, 1979, pp. 144-145)
       Among the questions that can now be given preliminary answers in computational terms are the following: how can ideas from very different sources be spontaneously thought of together? how can two ideas be merged to produce a new structure, which shows the influence of both ancestor ideas without being a mere "cut-and-paste" combination? how can the mind be "primed," so that one will more easily notice serendipitous ideas? why may someone notice-and remember-something fairly uninteresting, if it occurs in an interesting context? how can a brief phrase conjure up an entire melody from memory? and how can we accept two ideas as similar ("love" and "prove" as rhyming, for instance) in respect of a feature not identical in both? The features of connectionist AI models that suggest answers to these questions are their powers of pattern completion, graceful degradation, sensitization, multiple constraint satisfaction, and "best-fit" equilibration.... Here, the important point is that the unconscious, "insightful," associative aspects of creativity can be explained-in outline, at least-by AI methods. (Boden, 1996, p. 273)
       There thus appears to be an underlying similarity in the process involved in creative innovation and social independence, with common traits and postures required for expression of both behaviors. The difference is one of product-literary, musical, artistic, theoretical products on the one hand, opinions on the other-rather than one of process. In both instances the individual must believe that his perceptions are meaningful and valid and be willing to rely upon his own interpretations. He must trust himself sufficiently that even when persons express opinions counter to his own he can proceed on the basis of his own perceptions and convictions. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 58)
       he average level of ego strength and emotional stability is noticeably higher among creative geniuses than among the general population, though it is possibly lower than among men of comparable intelligence and education who go into administrative and similar positions. High anxiety and excitability appear common (e.g. Priestley, Darwin, Kepler) but full-blown neurosis is quite rare. (Cattell & Butcher, 1970, p. 315)
       he insight that is supposed to be required for such work as discovery turns out to be synonymous with the familiar process of recognition; and other terms commonly used in the discussion of creative work-such terms as "judgment," "creativity," or even "genius"-appear to be wholly dispensable or to be definable, as insight is, in terms of mundane and well-understood concepts. (Simon, 1989, p. 376)
       From the sketch material still in existence, from the condition of the fragments, and from the autographs themselves we can draw definite conclusions about Mozart's creative process. To invent musical ideas he did not need any stimulation; they came to his mind "ready-made" and in polished form. In contrast to Beethoven, who made numerous attempts at shaping his musical ideas until he found the definitive formulation of a theme, Mozart's first inspiration has the stamp of finality. Any Mozart theme has completeness and unity; as a phenomenon it is a Gestalt. (Herzmann, 1964, p. 28)
       Great artists enlarge the limits of one's perception. Looking at the world through the eyes of Rembrandt or Tolstoy makes one able to perceive aspects of truth about the world which one could not have achieved without their aid. Freud believed that science was adaptive because it facilitated mastery of the external world; but was it not the case that many scientific theories, like works of art, also originated in phantasy? Certainly, reading accounts of scientific discovery by men of the calibre of Einstein compelled me to conclude that phantasy was not merely escapist, but a way of reaching new insights concerning the nature of reality. Scientific hypotheses require proof; works of art do not. Both are concerned with creating order, with making sense out of the world and our experience of it. (Storr, 1993, p. xii)
       The importance of self-esteem for creative expression appears to be almost beyond disproof. Without a high regard for himself the individual who is working in the frontiers of his field cannot trust himself to discriminate between the trivial and the significant. Without trust in his own powers the person seeking improved solutions or alternative theories has no basis for distinguishing the significant and profound innovation from the one that is merely different.... An essential component of the creative process, whether it be analysis, synthesis, or the development of a new perspective or more comprehensive theory, is the conviction that one's judgment in interpreting the events is to be trusted. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 59)
       In the daily stream of thought these four different stages [preparation; incubation; illumination or inspiration; and verification] constantly overlap each other as we explore different problems. An economist reading a Blue Book, a physiologist watching an experiment, or a business man going through his morning's letters, may at the same time be "incubating" on a problem which he proposed to himself a few days ago, be accumulating knowledge in "preparation" for a second problem, and be "verifying" his conclusions to a third problem. Even in exploring the same problem, the mind may be unconsciously incubating on one aspect of it, while it is consciously employed in preparing for or verifying another aspect. (Wallas, 1926, p. 81)
       he basic, bisociative pattern of the creative synthesis [is] the sudden interlocking of two previously unrelated skills, or matrices of thought. (Koestler, 1964, p. 121)
        11) The Earliest Stages in the Creative Process Involve a Commerce with Disorder
       Even to the creator himself, the earliest effort may seem to involve a commerce with disorder. For the creative order, which is an extension of life, is not an elaboration of the established, but a movement beyond the established, or at least a reorganization of it and often of elements not included in it. The first need is therefore to transcend the old order. Before any new order can be defined, the absolute power of the established, the hold upon us of what we know and are, must be broken. New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive that world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." (Ghiselin, 1985, p. 4)
       New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive our world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." Chaos and disorder are perhaps the wrong terms for that indeterminate fullness and activity of the inner life. For it is organic, dynamic, full of tension and tendency. What is absent from it, except in the decisive act of creation, is determination, fixity, and commitment to one resolution or another of the whole complex of its tensions. (Ghiselin, 1952, p. 13)
       [P]sychoanalysts have principally been concerned with the content of creative products, and with explaining content in terms of the artist's infantile past. They have paid less attention to examining why the artist chooses his particular activity to express, abreact or sublimate his emotions. In short, they have not made much distinction between art and neurosis; and, since the former is one of the blessings of mankind, whereas the latter is one of the curses, it seems a pity that they should not be better differentiated....
       Psychoanalysis, being fundamentally concerned with drive and motive, might have been expected to throw more light upon what impels the creative person that in fact it has. (Storr, 1993, pp. xvii, 3)
       A number of theoretical approaches were considered. Associative theory, as developed by Mednick (1962), gained some empirical support from the apparent validity of the Remote Associates Test, which was constructed on the basis of the theory.... Koestler's (1964) bisociative theory allows more complexity to mental organization than Mednick's associative theory, and postulates "associative contexts" or "frames of reference." He proposed that normal, non-creative, thought proceeds within particular contexts or frames and that the creative act involves linking together previously unconnected frames.... Simonton (1988) has developed associative notions further and explored the mathematical consequences of chance permutation of ideas....
       Like Koestler, Gruber (1980; Gruber and Davis, 1988) has based his analysis on case studies. He has focused especially on Darwin's development of the theory of evolution. Using piagetian notions, such as assimilation and accommodation, Gruber shows how Darwin's system of ideas changed very slowly over a period of many years. "Moments of insight," in Gruber's analysis, were the culminations of slow long-term processes.... Finally, the information-processing approach, as represented by Simon (1966) and Langley et al. (1987), was considered.... [Simon] points out the importance of good problem representations, both to ensure search is in an appropriate problem space and to aid in developing heuristic evaluations of possible research directions.... The work of Langley et al. (1987) demonstrates how such search processes, realized in computer programs, can indeed discover many basic laws of science from tables of raw data.... Boden (1990a, 1994) has stressed the importance of restructuring the problem space in creative work to develop new genres and paradigms in the arts and sciences. (Gilhooly, 1996, pp. 243-244; emphasis in original)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Creativity

  • 14 empresa

    f.
    1 company.
    pequeña y mediana empresa small and medium-sized business
    libre empresa free enterprise
    empresa conjunta joint venture
    empresa filial subsidiary
    empresa matriz parent company
    empresa privada private company
    la empresa privada the private sector
    empresa pública public sector firm
    la empresa pública the public sector
    2 enterprise, undertaking.
    se embarcó en una peligrosa empresa he embarked on a risky enterprise o undertaking
    * * *
    1 (compañía) firm, company
    2 (dirección) management
    3 (acción) undertaking, venture
    \
    empresa filial subsidiary company
    empresa matriz parent company
    empresa multinacional multinational company
    empresa naviera shipping company
    libre empresa free enterprise
    * * *
    noun f.
    1) company, corporation, firm, business
    2) undertaking, venture
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=tarea) enterprise
    2) (Com, Econ) (=compañía) firm, company

    empresa funeraria — undertaker's, mortician's (EEUU)

    3) (=dirección) management

    la empresa lamenta que... — the management regrets that...

    * * *
    1)
    a) ( compañía) company, firm (BrE)
    b) ( dirección) management
    2) (tarea, labor) venture, undertaking
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( compañía) company, firm (BrE)
    b) ( dirección) management
    2) (tarea, labor) venture, undertaking
    * * *
    empresa1
    1 = business [businesses, -pl.], commercial firm, company, corporation, firm, business enterprise, outfit, business interest, business firm, industrial firm, commercial enterprise, operating company.

    Ex: To a small or mid-sized business, information is critical for effective planning, growth and development.

    Ex: Difficulties over access to these can arise when research project has been financed by a scientific organization or commercial firm who have an interest in maintaining security.
    Ex: Among the companies offering 'Mice' are Microsoft, Vision and Apple, but more are anticipated.
    Ex: The main form of knowledge transfer and the basis for decision making within corporations has not been a paper, a document or a detailed report, but a set of overhead slides and the discussions around them.
    Ex: The European Development Fund finances projects in overseas countries for which European-based firms can supply equipment and know-how.
    Ex: The 'Books at work' project in Kalmar in southern Sweden is the result of collaboration between trade unions, business enterprises and the public library.
    Ex: The author compares the advantages and disadvantages of buying from the larger established companies and smaller outfits.
    Ex: As an example, the University of Hawaii libraries have installed an online catalogue on which they will hang a special assortment of databases that are needed by Hawaii and Pacific business interests.
    Ex: Collection and preservation of records is an expensive pursuit and the task of persuading cost conscious business firms that they ought to preserve their records is an unenviable one.
    Ex: In libraries serving industrial firms, for example, the cost of not finding information may be high; this is why 'hard headed businessmen' add to their overheads by paying for extensive library services.
    Ex: Some commercial enterprises subsidise satellite communications for academic institutions.
    Ex: In the future, these files will be made readily accessible to other Glaxo operating companies through the use of computers.
    * a cuenta de la empresa = at company expense.
    * administración de empresas = business administration.
    * admnistrador de empresa = firm administrator.
    * archivo de empresa = business archives.
    * biblioteca de empresa = commercial library, industrial library, corporate library, company library, business library.
    * bibliotecario de empresa = industrial librarian.
    * comida de empresa = company dinner.
    * como las empresas = business-like.
    * conglomerado de empresas = conglomerate.
    * contratación de personal cualificado de otras empresas = lateral hiring.
    * curso mixto de clases y práctica en la empresa = sandwich course.
    * dejar la empresa = jump + ship.
    * de la propia empresa = company-owned.
    * de toda la empresa = systemwide.
    * director de empresa = company director.
    * directorio de empresas en base de datos = corporate directory database, company directory database.
    * documentación de empresas = business record.
    * empresa afiliada = sister company.
    * empresa comercial = commercial agency, commercial vendor, commercial business, business firm.
    * empresa con solera = established player.
    * empresa consolidada = established player.
    * empresa constructora = property developer.
    * empresa consumada = established player.
    * empresa de búsqueda personalizada de ejecutivos = headhunter.
    * empresa de cobro de deudas = debt collection agency.
    * empresa de contabilidad = accounting firm.
    * empresa dedicada a la venta por correo = mail order company.
    * empresa dedicada al desarrollo de productos = product developer.
    * empresa dedicada a los sondeos de opinión = polling firm, polling agency.
    * empresa dedicada al proceso del cereal = corn processor.
    * empresa de grandes derroches = high roller.
    * empresa de investigación = research firm.
    * empresa de la limpieza = cleaning firm.
    * empresa de liempza = cleaning business.
    * empresa de limpieza = janitorial business.
    * empresa de medios de comunicación = media company.
    * empresa de mudanzas = mover.
    * empresa de nuestro grupo = sister company, sister organisation.
    * empresa de nueva creación = this sort of thing, startup [start-up].
    * empresa de ordenadores = computer company.
    * empresa de reparto de paquetes = package delivery company.
    * empresa de seguridad = security firm.
    * empresa de servicios = service organisation, service agency, service company.
    * empresa de servicios de información = information broker, broker, information broking.
    * empresa de servicio social = social utility.
    * empresa de servicios públicos = public utility, utility company.
    * empresa de solera = established player.
    * empresa de telecomunicaciones = computer bureau.
    * empresa de trabajo = industrial affiliation.
    * empresa de un grupo = operating company.
    * empresa de viajes = travel company.
    * empresa en la que sólo pueden trabajar empleados que pertenezcan a un sindic = close shop.
    * empresa farmacéutica = drug company.
    * empresa filial = subsidiary company.
    * empresa hipotecaria = mortgage company.
    * empresa industrial = industrial firm.
    * empresa organizadora de congresos = conference organiser.
    * empresa privada = private vendor, private company, private business, private firm.
    * empresa pública = civilian employer, public firm.
    * empresas americanas, las = corporate America.
    * empresa sindicada = union shop.
    * empresa televisiva = television company.
    * empresa transportadora = shipper, shipping agent.
    * en toda la empresa = company-wide, systemwide.
    * específico de las empresas = company-specific.
    * fusión de empresas = consolidation.
    * gasto de empresa = business expense.
    * gestión de empresas = business management.
    * grupo de empresas = business group.
    * guardería de la empresa = workplace crêche.
    * información sobre empresas = business intelligence.
    * intranet de empresa = corporate intranet.
    * libro de empresa = organisation manual.
    * mercado de la empresa = corporate market.
    * mundo de la empresa = business world.
    * mundo de la empresa, el = corporate world, the.
    * mundo de las empresas = business environment.
    * página web de empresa = business site, corporate site.
    * para toda la empresa = company-wide, enterprise-wide.
    * partícipe en la empresa = corporate insider.
    * patrocinado por la propia empresa = company-sponsored.
    * pequeña empresa = small business.
    * persona de la propia empresa = insider.
    * programa de prácticas en la empresa = internship program(me), internship.
    * programa mixto de clases y práctica en la empresa = sandwich programme.
    * propiedad de la empresa = company-owned.
    * PYME (Pequeña y Mediana Empresa) = SME (Small and Medium Sized Enterprise).
    * que afecta a toda la empresa = enterprise-wide.
    * sitio web de empresa = business site, corporate site.
    * trabajador cualificado contratado de otra empresa = lateral hire.
    * ya parte de la empresa = on board.

    empresa2
    2 = enterprise, scheme, venture, quest, operation, undertaking.

    Ex: Only those who have attempted to edit the proceedings of a conference can appreciate the magnitude and scope of such an enterprise.

    Ex: There are forty-six centres in twenty-five countries participating in the scheme.
    Ex: However rudimentary or advanced the system, and no matter what the age of the children involved, certain matters should be considered before setting out on the venture.
    Ex: It is a quest without a satisfactory conclusion - a holy grail of librarianship.
    Ex: When he was younger he really turned the library around, from a backwater, two-bit operation to the respected institution it is today.
    Ex: Since the file from 1966-1975 contains some 2,500,000 references, a search of the complete data base is a fairly large-scale undertaking.
    * empresa descabellada = fool's errand.
    * empresa próspera = success story.

    * * *
    A
    1 (compañía) company, firm ( BrE)
    empresa filial subsidiary company
    mediano, pequeño1 (↑ pequeño (1))
    2 (dirección) management
    la empresa no se hace responsable de … the management cannot accept liability for …
    libre1 (↑ libre (1))
    Compuestos:
    start-up
    public utility company, public utility
    sponsors (pl) ( of an artistic event)
    private sector company
    public sector company
    raider
    masculine and feminine (Ur) self-employed person, sole trader ( BrE)
    B (tarea, labor) venture, undertaking
    nos hemos embarcado en una arriesgada empresa we've undertaken a risky venture
    pereció en la empresa ( liter); she perished in the attempt ( liter)
    * * *

     

    empresa sustantivo femenino
    1 ( compañía) company, firm (BrE);

    2 (tarea, labor) venture, undertaking
    empresa sustantivo femenino
    1 Com Ind company, firm
    empresa pública, state-owned company
    2 (proyecto, tarea) undertaking, task: es una empresa muy arriesgada, it's a very risky venture
    ' empresa' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    administración
    - ámbito
    - amenaza
    - asegurar
    - bacalao
    - casa
    - CEPYME
    - compañía
    - constructor
    - constructora
    - contabilidad
    - contrata
    - dar
    - decorar
    - deficitaria
    - deficitario
    - definitivamente
    - departamento
    - depurar
    - dirección
    - dirigir
    - diversificarse
    - económica
    - económico
    - ejecutiva
    - ensalzar
    - entablar
    - escala
    - escáner
    - espaldarazo
    - estatal
    - estructuración
    - forjar
    - gestión
    - hipotecar
    - hostelería
    - imagen
    - imposición
    - inspección
    - juez
    - lanzamiento
    - ligarse
    - llevar
    - mecánica
    - nacional
    - negocio
    - negrera
    - negrero
    - patrón
    - patrona
    English:
    administration
    - amount to
    - association
    - audit
    - backbone
    - bankrupt
    - base
    - be
    - being
    - boss
    - branch out
    - builder
    - business
    - by-law
    - carrier
    - climb down
    - cock-up
    - collapse
    - come in
    - company
    - creativity
    - credit bureau
    - dark horse
    - deal with
    - department
    - developer
    - disorganized
    - division
    - do
    - down-market
    - effective
    - engineer
    - enter
    - enterprise
    - equal
    - established
    - exploit
    - firm
    - fixture
    - float
    - flourish
    - go down
    - go under
    - head
    - house
    - in-house
    - insider
    - intimidate
    - launch
    - launching
    * * *
    1. [sociedad] company;
    pequeña y mediana empresa small and medium-sized business;
    prohibido fijar carteles: responsable la empresa anunciadora [en letrero] post o stick no bills: advertisers will be held liable
    empresa común joint venture;
    empresa conjunta joint venture;
    empresa filial subsidiary;
    empresa funeraria undertaker's;
    empresa júnior junior enterprise, = firm set up and run by business studies students;
    empresa libre, libre empresa free enterprise;
    empresa matriz parent company;
    empresa mixta mixed company;
    empresa privada private company;
    empresa pública public sector firm;
    empresa punto com dot.com (company);
    empresa de seguridad security firm;
    empresa de servicio público public utility, US public service corporation;
    empresa de servicios service company;
    empresa de trabajo temporal Br temping o US temp agency;
    empresa de transportes Br haulage o US trucking firm;
    Urug empresa unipersonal sole trader, one person business
    2. [dirección] management;
    las negociaciones con la empresa the negotiations with management
    3. [acción] enterprise, undertaking;
    se embarcó en una peligrosa empresa he embarked on a risky enterprise o undertaking
    * * *
    f
    1 company;
    gran empresa large company;
    pequeña empresa small business;
    mediana empresa medium-sized business
    2 fig
    venture, undertaking
    * * *
    1) compañía, firma: company, corporation, firm
    2) : undertaking, venture
    * * *
    1. (entidad) company [pl. companies]
    2. (negocio) business [pl. businesses]

    Spanish-English dictionary > empresa

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