-
1 nÿjung, nÿbreytni
-
2 nýjung
* * *f. innovation (landsfólkit var gjarnt á alla nýjung).* * *f. newness, novelty, news, innovation, mostly in a bad sense; fals ok n., Fms. xi. 308; lands-fólkit var gjarnt á alla nýjung (= novarum rerum cupidi), i. 203; ganga undir sektir eða aðrar nýjungar; þeir vildu undir engar nýjungar ganga af Auðunni biskupi, Bs. i. 835; þá kom út til Íslands Álfr or Króki, hann hafði mörg konungs-bréf ok margar nýjungar, 807:—news, hann segir nú allt þat er verðr í nýjungu, Mag. 1.COMPDS: nýjungagirni, nýjungagjarn. -
3 EINGI
einginn, in old writers more freq. spelt ‘eng’ (which accords with the mod. pronunciation), engi, enginn, qs. einn-gi from einn, one, and the negative suffix -gi:—none.A. THE FORMS vary greatly:1. the adjective is declined, and the suffix left indeclinable; obsolete forms are, dat. eino-gi or einu-gi ( nulli), ægishjálmr bergr einugi, Fm. 17; einugi feti framar, not a step further, Ls. 1; svá illr at einugi dugi, Hm. 134; in old laws, ef maðr svarar einugi, Grág. (Þ. Þ.) i. 22; acc. sing. engi, engi mann, Hkv. 1. 37; engi frið, Hm. 15; engi jötun (acc.), Vþm. 2; engi eyjarskeggja, Fas. i. 433 (in a verse); also in prose, engi mann, Ó. H. 68; engi hlut, 33, 34: engi liðsamnað, 36, Mork. passim; engi knút fékk hann leyst, ok engi álarendann hreift, Edda 29.2. the -gi changes into an adjective termination -igr; gen. sing. fem. einigrar, Hom. 22, Post. 645. 73; dat. sing. fem. einigri. Hom. 17; acc. sing. fem. einiga, Fas. i. 284 (in a verse); nom. pl. einigir, Jd. 1; fem. einigar, Grág. i. 354; gen. pl. einigra, Post. 73; dat. einigum: this obsolete declension is chiefly used in the sense of any, vide below.3. declined as the pronom. adj. hverr or nekverr (= nokkur); dat. sing. fem. engarri; gen. pl. aungvarra, Fms. ix. 46, Stj. 70; dat. sing. fem. aungvarri, Mork. 187; hereto belongs also the mod. neut. sing. ekkert.4. the word is declined as the adj. þröngr, with a final v; nom. fem. sing. öng sorg ( no sorrow), Hm. 94; nom. masc. öngr or aungr, Skv. 2. 26, Nj. 117 (in a verse), Fms. vi. 42 (Sighvat), i. 132 (Vellekla), etc.5. adding -nn, -n to the negative suffix, thus einginn, fem. eingin, neut. pl. eingin (or enginn, engin); in the other cases this n disappears. Out of these various and fragmentary forms sprung the normal form in old and modern writings, which is chiefly made up of 1, 4, and 5: old writers prefer nom. engi or eingi, but modern only admit einginn or enginn; gen. sing. masc. neut. eingis, einskis or einkis (enskis, Grág. i. 163; einskis, 25 C), engis or eingis, Eg. 74, 714, 655 xxxii. 10; einkis, Fms. x. 409: in mod. usage einskis and einkis are both current, but eingis obsolete: neut. sing. ekki assimilated = eit-ki or eitt-ki, in mod. usage ekkert, a form clearly originating from 3 above, but which, however, never occurs in old MSS.,—Fms. iii. 75, Landn. (Mant.) 329, Gþl. 343 (cp. N. G. L. ii. 110), are all paper MSS.,—nd only now and then in those from the end of the 15th century, but is common ever since that time; the N. T. in the Ed. of 1540 spelt ekkirt: in the nom. sing. old writers mostly use eingi or engi alike for masc. and fem. (eingi maðr, eingi kona), whereas modern writers only use einginn, eingin (einginn maðr, eingin kona); this form also occurs in old MSS., though rarely, e. g. engin hafði þess gáð, Stj. 6; einginn karlmaðr, 206; eingin atkvæði, Fms. v. 318: eingin hey, Ísl. ii. 138; chiefly in MSS. of the 14th or 15th centuries: acc. sing. masc. engan or öngan is in MSS. much commoner than eingi (engi), see above, e. g. engan háska, Fms. ii. 322; fyrir engan mun, Gþl. 532, etc.: in the other cases the spelling and pronunciation are at variance. Editions and mod. writers usually spell engra, engrar, engri, engum, engu, engan, enga, engir, engar, but these forms are pronounced throughout with ö or au, öngra, öngrar, öngri, öngum or öngvum, öngu or öngvu, öngan or öngvan, önga or öngva, öngir or öngvir, öngar or öngvar; that this is no mod. innovation is amply borne out by some of the best vellum MSS., e. g. Arna-Magn. 468, Ó. H., Fb., Mork.; öngum manni, Nj. 82; öngri munuð, 10; öngvar sakir, 94; önga fárskapi, 52; aungu vætta, Stj. 208; öngvan þef, 7; öngu nýtr, Fb. i. 284, 365; öngvan hlut, 166; öngum, 25; aungum várum bræðra, 63; avngir, Ó. H. 184; öngva, 146; öngu, 184 (freq.); avnga menn, Ísl. ii. 349 (Heið. S. MS. Holm.); öngvir diskar, 337; öngum, Grág. i. 27; avngver menn, Bs. i. 337 (Miracle-book); öngom, 346, 347; önga björg, 349; en sér öngu at una, Hm. 95, Mork. passim, etc.: these forms are clearly derived from 4 above. [The word is exclusively Scandin.; Dan. ingen, neut. intet; Swed. ingen, inga, intet; Ivar Aasen ingjen, neut. inkje.]B. THE SENSE:I. ‘not one;’ used as adj. with a subst. none, no, not any; þeir vissu sér eingis ótta ván, Eg. 74; man hann einigrar (= ongrar) ömbunar vætta af Guði, Post. 73, and in numberless cases.2. used absol. (Lat. nemo) as subst. none, naught; ekki er mér at eigna af þessu verki, Fms. ii. 101; enda virðask einkis vætti þau er þeir bera, Grág. i. 25; enginn konungs manna, Fms. i. 104; ok lét þá ekki ( naught) hafa af föðurarfi sínum, Eg. 25; eingi þeirra, Skálda 165; fur hann var enskis örvænt, Ísl. ii. 326; en svarar engu, Ld. 202; at öngu, for naught, Fms. iv. 317; öngum þeim er síðarr kemr, Grág. i. 27; þa skal enga veiða, none of them, ii. 338; engi einn, none, Fms. v. 239; sem engin veit fyrri gert hafa verit, K. Á. 28; ekki skorti þá (ekkert, Ed. from paper MS.), Fms. iii. 75.β. neut. ekki with gen. pl. in a personal sense, ekki manna, ‘nought of men,’ = engir menn or enginn maðr, no man, not a single man, Ó. H.; ekki vætta, nought, Fms. viii. 18; öngu vætta, nought (dat.), xi. 90; ekki skipa, not a single ship, etc. (freq. in old writers): einskis-konar, adv. in nowise, Sks. 713: engan-veginn, adv. noways.3. neut. ekki is freq. used as adv. = eigi, q. v., Edda 20, Fms. ii. 81, vii. 120, xi. 22, Grág. i. 206, Eg. 523.II. any; this sense is rare and obsolete, and probably also etymologically different from the preceding (cp. A. S. ânig):α. after a negative; á hón eigi at selja fjárheimtingar sínar, né sakar einigar, Grág. i. 354; er eigi saurgisk í einigri líkams úhreinsun, Hom. 17; hvat sem engi segir, Þiðr. 178; aldregi skalt þú þat heyra né engi annarra, 128; aldri fyrr í engri herferð, 29; má eigi þar fyrri undir búa eingi sá er tempraðan bólstað vill hafa, Sks. 45 new Ed.; né önnur eingi, Skálda (Thorodd) 165; því at hanu má hvárki vaxa nó þverra, né á engi veg skapask í sínu at kvæði, 166; eigi skal maðr gildra í mörku annars til einigra dyra, N. G. L. i. 242.β. after a comparative; prettvísari en ekki annat kvikendi, Mar.; þíðari ok fegri en engi maðr annarr, Stj. 524; sæmilegri en engan tíma fyrr hafði hann verit, 196; um þat fram (= framar) en engi hans frænda hefir haft fyr hánum, Fagrsk. 11. -
4 GJALDA
* * *(geld; galt, guldum; goldinn), v.2) fig. to give, yield; g. skynsemi við e-u, to give reason for; g. samkvæði at e-u, to consent to; g. varúð, varhuga við e-u, to be on one’s guard against; g. e-m fjándskap, to show ill-will towards one;3) with gen. to pay for, suffer on account of (þar munuð þit min g.); g. e-s at = g. e-s; geldr at nýbreytni (gen.) konungs, it is a punishment for the king’s innovations.* * *pret. galt, 2nd pers. galt, mod. galzt; pl. guldu; pres, geld: pret. subj. gyldi; imperat. gjalt or gjald þú; sup. pret. goldit, goldinn; with neg. suff. gjald-attu; [Ulf. us-gildan = ἀποδιδόναι; A. S. gyldan; Engl. yield; O. H. G. geltan; old Fr. ielda; Germ. gelten; Dan. gjelde; Swed. gälla]:—to pay money, pay a fee, duty, or the like, the person in dat., the money in acc., Grág. i. 87, 408, passim, Fær. 120, Fms. iv. 346, xi. 81, Nj. 58, K. Þ. K. 162, passim:—to yield, repay, return, g. gjöf við gjöf, Hm. 42; gjaldið engum íllt móti íllu, Róm. xii. 17; sakir þær er ek á at g. Ólafi, Ó. H. 213; sögðu, at þeim var sín óhamingja miklu íllu goldin, 232; skal ek g. þeim svá útrúleik sinn, 58:—þér eigit at g. aptr ( to restore) sendimenn hans manngjöldum, Eg. 575:—g. leiðangr, to yield a levy, Fms. viii. 173.II. metaph. to yield or yield up, deliver; þá guldu þeir Guði andir sínar, they yielded up their souls to God, Blas. 36; gjalt mik lærifeðrum mínum, 656 B. 5; væri hann þá andaðr goldinn sínum borgar-mönnum, 10.β. so in the phrases, g. skynsemi við e-u, to give (yield) reason for, Skálda 205, Sks. 787, Johann. 28; g. samkvæði, to yield, give consent to, Fms. v. 70, Nj. 233; also to vote for, Grág. i. 2, 43; g. varúð, varhuga, við e-u, to be on one’s guard against, beware of, Ísl. ii. 369, Fms. ii. 166, vi. 42, Hkr. i. 50; g. e-m fjandskap, to shew ill-will towards, Ld. 134; g. öfund, Ls. 12.2. with gen. ellipt., the fine being understood, to pay for, suffer on account of; ok munu margir þess g., Nj. 2: njóta e-s denotes to profit, gjalda e-s to suffer on account of another; þar munuð þit mín gjalda, Vígl. 28; sú harma-bylgjan djúpa, gékk yfir þig þá galztu mín, Pass. 41. 4; svá mun ok vera, segir Njáll, ef þú geldr eigi annarra at, Nj. 147; Helga (gen.) hefir þú goldit at í þessu, Fas. i. 28; hugði, at hann mundi þess víðar koma at hann mundi njóta föður síns en gjalda, Gísl. 73; heldr geldr Leifr Þrándar en nýtr frá mér, Fms. ii. 116; geldr at nýbreytni (gen.) konungs ok þessa ens nýja siðar, i. e. it is a just punishment for the innovation of the king and the new creed, Ld. 168; konungr sagði, at hón skyldi eigi gjalda frá honum tiltækja föður síns, Fms. ix. 477: part. gjaldandi, a payer, Grág. i. 394. -
5 ný-breytni
f. novelty, innovation, Fms. i. 71, vii. 94, 171, Ld. 176. -
6 ný-görfing
f. a novelty, innovation, Ann. 1347, Fs. 76.2. a gramm. term, a new trope or figure of speech, esp. of poët. circumlocutions not founded on ancient usage or old mythol. tales, but drawn from the imagination of the poet; thus, calling the tears the ‘rain, shower, pearls of the eyes’ would be ‘nýgörving,’ as also calling the sword a ‘snake,’ the sheath its ‘slough,’ Edda (Ht.) 123; skjöldr er land vápnanna, en vápn er hagl eða regn þess lands ef nygörfingum er ort, Edda 90.II. mod. in a bad sense, whence ný-görfingr, m. of a person, an innovator, Pál Vídal. Skyr. passim; of a thing, new-fangledness, novelty, nýgörfings-ligr, adj. new-fangled. -
7 testament
n. bequest, will.* * *n. [for. word; Lat. testamentum], a bequest, will, Bs. i. 718; bequests were an innovation from the Roman law, for as Tacitus says—heredes successoresque sui cuique liberi, et ‘nullum testamentum,’ ch, 20; the ancient Northern law knows no ‘last will,’ yet cp. Eg. ch. 9.II. eccl. the Testament, N. T., Vídal. -
8 VÁRR
(vör. vart), a.1) aware; verða e-s varr, verða varr við e-t, to be aware of, learn, hear; gera e-n varan við e-t, to warn a person; gera vart við e-t, to draw attention to a thing;2) wary, cautious; vera varr um sik, to be on one’s guard; varr við e-t, on one’s guard against.* * *vár, várt, mod. vor, a possess. pron. This word has undergone several changes, starting from an original form uns, Goth. unsar, which was contracted into ús, cp. órir, p. 469; next the s changed into r (as in vera, heyra, eyra, járn), thus it became ûrr or ór-r, cp. A. S. ûre, Engl. our; lastly, the initial vowel was turned into the cognate consonant v, prob. from being confounded with the personal pronoun vér. The old poets seem only to know the vowel form, as is always seen in alliteration, Vþm. 4, 7, Hým. 33, Hkv. Hjörv. 23; and so in rhymes, stórr, órar, Kormak. Thorodd cites this form, órar eru ú-rækðir órar; and the earliest vellums use it throughout. About A. D. 1200 várr begins to appear, an innovation prob. imported from abroad; thus in Clem. S. (Arna-Magn. 645), p. 147, ‘ór,’ ‘órum,’ six times (ll. 1, 4, 9, 12, 13, 28), but ‘várra,’ ‘vár,’ twice (ll. 6, 25); in a few poems of the 12th century, preserved in late vellums, the spelling is ‘vórr,’ whereas the alliteration and rhyme demand ó, e. g. Líkn. 24, Harms. 53, 54, 58; in Ls. 52 ‘vömmin vár’ is an exception and otherwise corrupt, for ‘vár’ could not have existed at the time when that poem was composed. In this way the modern várr arose, being quite peculiar to the Scandinavian: [Dan. vor, Swed. vår; whereas Goth. unsar, Germ. unser, answer to the obsolete Icel. ossir; and A. S. ûre, Engl. our, answer to early Icel. órr]:—our.B. USAGES.—Our; várt höfuð, Fms. x. 7; várs herra, Stj.; várrar, id.; með vórum afla, Hkr. ii. 92; várra glæpa, Stj.2. neut. as subst.; [cp. Engl. ours]; láta slíka sitja yfir váru, Ísl. ii. 224.3. with another pron.; várr skal hverr eina konu eiga, N. G. L. i. 20; várr skal engi blandask við búfé, each of us, 18; skipi hvert várt stýrði, Am. 96; einn várn, one of us, Fms. vi. 165; hverjum várum, each of us Ó. H. 61; kvað hvern várn skyldu falla þveran of annan, Fms. vi. 313 (in a verse); sjám hverr várr ( who of us) fái fyrst búnar snekkjur. Fas. i. 350 (in a verse); engum várum, none of us, Glúm. 332; fundir várir Hákonar, our meetings, i. e. of H. and myself, Fms. vii. 256. -
9 nýbreytni
f. novelty, innovation. -
10 nýgørving
f. novelty, innovation.
См. также в других словарях:
INNOVATION — Dans son sens le plus large, innovation peut désigner tout changement introduit sciemment dans l’économie par un agent quelconque et ayant pour but et résultat une utilisation plus efficiente ou plus satisfaisante des ressources. Cette acception… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Innovation — heißt wörtlich „Neuerung“ oder „Erneuerung“. Das Wort ist vom lateinischen Verb innovare (erneuern) abgeleitet. Im allgemeinen Sprachgebrauch wird der Begriff unspezifisch im Sinne von neuen Ideen und Erfindungen und für deren wirtschaftliche… … Deutsch Wikipedia
innovation — in‧no‧va‧tion [ˌɪnəˈveɪʆn] noun 1. [countable] a new idea, method, or invention: • It is a fairly recent innovation for rent to be paid in advance. • the technical innovations which research could deliver to the economy 2. [uncountable] the… … Financial and business terms
Innovation — Sf Neuheit per. Wortschatz fremd. Erkennbar fremd (19. Jh.) Entlehnung. Entlehnt aus l. innovatio Erneuerung, Veränderung , Abstraktum zu l. innovāre erneuern , zu l. novus neu . Der neuere Gebrauch unter englischem Einfluß. Ebenso nndl.… … Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen sprache
Innovation — In no*va tion, n. [L. innovatio; cf. F. innovation.] 1. The act of innovating; introduction of something new, in customs, rites, commercial products, etc. Dryden. [1913 Webster] 2. A change effected by innovating; a change in customs; something… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
innovation — Innovation. s. f. Introduction de quelque nouveauté dans une coustume, dans un usage desja receu. Il ne faut point faire d innovation. ces innovations sont dangereuses … Dictionnaire de l'Académie française
Innovation — (v. lat.), 1) Erneuerung; 2) Handlungen im Proceß, wodurch eine Partei über eine in Streit befangene Sache willkürlich disponirt u. Veränderungen damit getroffen hat, s.u. Litigiosität; 3) für die Appellationsinstanz, so v.w. Attentat 3); 4) (Bot … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Innovation — (lat., »Verjüngung«), die im Pflanzenreich überaus verbreitete Erscheinung, daß die vegetative Tätigkeit von ältern Teilen fortgesetzt auf neue Ausgliederungen, z. B. von absterbenden Sprossen auf junge, übergeht … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Innovation — (lat.), Erneuerung; das Treiben frischer Triebe aus neuen Adventiv oder ruhenden Axillarknospen … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
innovation — I noun adaptation, alteration, breaking of precedent, change, change in method, departure, digression, divergence, diversification, exchange of obligations, invention, modernization, modification, mutare, neoterism, new device, new idea, new… … Law dictionary
innovation — INNOVATION: Toujours dangereuse … Dictionnaire des idées reçues
