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1 informal economy
ECONOMICS travail m au noirThe European Commission estimates 7-16 percent of the European economy is informal, giving a range of approximately EUR500 billion-1.1 trillion ($448.8 billion to $987 billion) that is effectively a cash economy. The smallest informal economies are estimated to be in Scandinavia, Ireland, Austria and the Netherlands, each at around a very honest, and modest, 5 percent of GDP. But that balloons to over 20 percent in Italy and Greece.
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2 informal economy
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3 informal
informal [ɪn'fɔ:məl]∎ he's very informal for a prime minister il est très décontracté pour un premier ministre;∎ British offices tend to be more informal than German ones en Grande-Bretagne l'ambiance dans les bureaux tend à être plus décontractée qu'en Allemagne∎ his dress was informal il était habillé simplement;∎ informal or evening dress? tenue de ville ou tenue de soirée?∎ I had an informal chat with the boss j'ai discuté un peu avec le patron;∎ they had informal talks with the Russians ils ont eu des entretiens non officiels avec les Russes(d) (colloquial → speech, language, words) familier►► Economics informal economy travail m au noir;Australian informal vote bulletin m nul -
4 economy
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См. также в других словарях:
informal economy — ➔ economy1 * * * informal economy UK US noun [C] ECONOMICS ► THE SHADOW ECONOMY(Cf. ↑the shadow economy) … Financial and business terms
Informal economy — In economics, the term informal economy (or second economy in the South African context) refers to all economic activities that fall outside the formal economy regulated by economic and legal institutions. It refers to the general market income… … Wikipedia
informal economy — As used by sociologists, the term refers to non market work, in some cases with the addition of black economy work (which is market work strictly defined). Economists are more likely to use the term as an alternative label for the hidden,… … Dictionary of sociology
informal economy — An alternative term for the Underground economy … Auditor's dictionary
Coalition of Informal Economy Association of Swaziland — The Coalition of Informal Economy Association of Swaziland (CIEAS) was formed in 2006 by marginalized community based organizations (CBOs) striving to earn a leaving by carrying out different income generation projects. CIEAS has a membership of… … Wikipedia
informal economies — informal economy … Dictionary of sociology
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