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1 INDEED
(interjection) é. Can be prefixed to sentences, as in e man antaváro? "What will he give indeed?" (LR:63); this e would seem to be a short variant of é. –VT45:11, LR:63 -
2 DETERMINANT VOWEL
sundóma (lit. *"base-vowel, root-vowel". Christopher Tolkien notes: "Very briefly indeed, the Quendian consonantal base or sundo was characterized by a 'determinant vowel' or sundóma: thus the sundo KAT has a medial sundóma 'A', and TALAT has the sundóma repeated. In derivative forms the sundóma might be placed before the first consonant, e.g. ATALAT.") –WJ:319 -
3 LETTER
tengwa (pl. tengwar is attested; this word was used primarily of the Fëanorian letters. However, the term "Tengwar of Rúmil" occurring in LotR:1151 seems to indicate that the word tengwa can indeed be used of a letter of any kind, not only the Fëanorian letters. In non-technical use tengwa may also be translated "consonant" [q.v.]. It is uncertain whether tengwa "letter" can be used in the sense mail, text sent in the post; the primary meaning is clearly "character, a single symbol in writing".) The noun tengwa is also the source of the verb tengwa- “read”. – Another word for “letter” is sarat (pl. sarati is attested) – an older [MET] word Tolkien notes was used of "a 'letter' or any individual significant mark", used of the Rúmilian letters after the invention of the Fëanorian Tengwar (but cf. the term "Tengwar of Rúmil" mentioned above). –TEK, WJ:396, VT49:48, LotR:1151 -
4 NO
ui, possibly with uito as an emphatic variant (VT49:28-29), lá (also meaning "not)". Ui (uito) and lá are probably used to deny facts, or what others present as facts. In a context of refusal, the interjection vá is to be preferred. It is derived from a stem that "expressed refusal to do what others might wish or urge, or prohibition of some action by others”. Cf also lala, lau, laumë "no, no indeed not, on the contrary; also used for asking incredulous questions". Prefixes "no-, un-": ú-, il-. SAY NO váquet- (forbid, refuse) (1st pers. sg aorist and past váquetin, váquenten are given), ava- (refuse) (pa.t. avanë is given; this verb was "little used in ordinary language". Other forms occur in VT49:13, all with the ending -n “I”: Aorist avan, present ávan or ávëan, future avuvan > auvan, past avanen or aunen, perfect avávien. In one version, the forms ávëan and avanen are marked as poetic or archaic.) –LA, WJ:371 cf. 370, GŪ/UGU/VT46:20, WJ:370, KWET -
5 NOT
lá (as for not- as a prefix = un-, see below). According to VT42:33, lá is the stressed form of the negation, whereas la is the unstressed form (cf. la- as the pretonic prefix *"not-" or *"un-", VT45:25). NO INDEED NOT lala; DON'T áva, avá; DON'T DO IT! áva carë!; I WILL NOT: vá (exclamation, also = Do not!); avan, ván, vanyë "I won't", avammë, vammë "we won't" (notice that if plural rather than dual, Tolkien later revised the ending for “we” from –mmë to –lmë); NOT COUNTING hequa (leaving aside, excluding, except), NOT COUNTED unotë, unotëa (read *únotë, *únotëa?) (uncounted), NOT TO BE SAID, THAT MUST NOT BE SAID avaquétima, NOT TO BE TOLD OR RELATED avanyárima. There are also specific verbs for NOT BE, NOT DO; concerning these, see entry BE. –LA, WJ:371, 364/365, VT39:14, WJ:370 -
6 THAT
(1) (demonstrative): tana (an adjectival word, VT49:11; in one version of the language also tanya, as in tanya wendë "that maiden", MC:215-16). Also yana with meaning “the former” (e.g. *loa yana “that year” referring to a former year). Adj. OF THAT SORT taitë; IN THAT WAY tanen; THAT MATTER tama. Also see THIS regarding the word talumë “at this [or, that] time”. –TA, YA, VT49:11, 18 (2) (pronoun) ta, also translated “it”. (Notice that in some versions of the language, Tolkien wanted ta to be a plural pronoun “they, them” used of non-living things. See the various entries on ta in the Quenya-English wordlist.) Sa, normally translated “it”, is also defined as “that” in one source. IT IS THAT náto, IT IS NOT THAT uito. –VT49:11, TA, VT49:18, 28 (3) (relative pronoun "who, which, that"). According to VT47:21, the relative pronoun is ye with reference to a person (*i Elda ye tirnen "the Elf who/that I watched"), plural i (e.g. *Eldar i... "Elves that..."). The impersonal relative pronoun ("that = which") is ya (e.g. *i parma ya hirnen "the book that/which I found"), pl. presumably *yar (*i parmar yar... "the books that..."). This gives a system with great symmetry, but Tolkien also used i in a singular sense, in the sentence i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa "the One who is [or, that is] above all thrones", though i is indeed plural in i carir quettar ómainen "those who [or, those that] form words with voices". A relative pronoun ya *"which" is found in the "Arctic" sentence; a long variant yá also occurs in the corpus (VT43:27-28). Case-forms: The plural locative of ya is attested as yassen "in which" in Nam (sg. *yassë), the genitive and ablative forms of ye are attested as yëo and yello respectively in VT47:21, and the same source gives ion and illon as the corresponding plural forms. –VT47:21, WJ:391, UT:305, 317, Arct(4) (conjunction, as in "I know that you are here") i, cf. the sentence savin Elessar ar i nánë aran Ondórëo “I believe Elessar really existed and that he was a king of Gondor” (VT49:27). In one version of early “Qenya”, this conjunction appeared as ne instead (PE14:54).
См. также в других словарях:
Indeed — Création 2004 Fondateurs Paul Forster et Rony Kahan Slogan « un clic. tous les emplois. » … Wikipédia en Français
Indeed — In*deed , adv. [Prep. in + deed.] In reality; in truth; in fact; verily; truly; used in a variety of senses. Esp.: (a) Denoting emphasis; as, indeed it is so. (b) Denoting concession or admission; as, indeed, you are right. (c) Denoting surprise; … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
indeed — [in dēd′] adv. [ME indede: see IN1, prep. & DEED] certainly; truly; admittedly: often used for emphasis or confirmation [ it is indeed warm ] or, in questions, to seek confirmation [ did she indeed tell you that? ] interj. used to express… … English World dictionary
indeed — early 14c., in dede in fact, in truth, from O.E. dæd (see DEED (Cf. deed)). Written as two words till c.1600. As an interjection, 1590s; as an expression of surprise or disgust, 1834. Emphatic form in yes (or no) indeedy attested from 1856,… … Etymology dictionary
indeed — [adv] actually absolutely, amen*, certainly, doubtlessly, easily, even, for real, in point of fact, in truth, much, naturally, of course, positively, really, strictly, surely, sure thing*, to be sure, truly, undeniably, undoubtedly, verily,… … New thesaurus
indeed — ► ADVERB 1) used to emphasize a statement, description, or response. 2) used to introduce a further and stronger or more surprising point. 3) used in a response to express interest, incredulity, or contempt. ORIGIN originally as in deed … English terms dictionary
indeed — [[t]ɪndi͟ːd[/t]] ♦♦ 1) ADV: ADV with v, ADV with cl/group (emphasis) You use indeed to confirm or agree with something that has just been said. Later, he admitted that the payments had indeed been made... He did indeed keep important documents… … English dictionary
indeed */*/*/ — UK [ɪnˈdiːd] / US [ɪnˈdɪd] adverb Summary: Indeed can be used in the following ways: as an adverb (following very and an adjective or another adverb): The results were very good indeed. as a way of showing how a sentence or phrase is related to… … English dictionary
indeed — in|deed [ ın did ] function word *** Indeed can be used in the following ways: as an adverb (following very and an adjective or another adverb) mainly in British English: The results were very good indeed. as a way of showing how a sentence or… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
indeed — in|deed W1S3 [ınˈdi:d] adv [Date: 1300 1400; Origin: in + deed] 1.) [sentence adverb] used to emphasize a statement or answer ▪ The blood tests prove that Vince is indeed the father. ▪ Would it help if you had an assistant? It would indeed. 2.)… … Dictionary of contemporary English
indeed — /In di:d/ adverb 1 (sentence adverb) used to emphasize a statement or answer: “Would it help if you had an assistant?” “It would, indeed.” | There are few, if indeed any, authors with such a gift for dialogue. 2 formal used to introduce… … Longman dictionary of contemporary English
