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1 structural masonry
(includes facings and integral pipework) gros ouvrages mDictionary of Engineering, architecture and construction > structural masonry
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2 Towns and cities
Occasionally the gender of a town is clear because the name includes the definite article, e.g. Le Havre or La Rochelle. In most other cases, there is some hesitation, and it is always safer to avoid the problem by using la ville de:Toulouse is beautiful= la ville de Toulouse est belleIn, to and from somewhereFor in and to with the name of a town, use à in French ; if the French name includes the definite article, à will become au, à la, à l’ or aux:to live in Toulouse= vivre à Toulouseto go to Toulouse= aller à Toulouseto live in Le Havre= vivre au Havreto go to Le Havre= aller au Havreto live in La Rochelle= vivre à La Rochelleto go to La Rochelle= aller à La Rochelleto live in Les Arcs= vivre aux Arcsto go to Les Arcs= aller aux ArcsSimilarly, from is de, becoming du, de la, de l’ or des when it combines with the definite article in town names:to come from Toulouse= venir de Toulouseto come from Le Havre= venir du Havreto come from La Rochelle= venir de La Rochelleto come from Les Arcs= venir des ArcsBelonging to a town or cityEnglish sometimes has specific words for people of a certain city or town, such as Londoners, New Yorkers or Parisians, but mostly we talk of the people of Leeds or the inhabitants of San Francisco. On the other hand, most towns in French-speaking countries have a corresponding adjective and noun, and a list of the best-known of these is given at the end of this note.The noun forms, spelt with a capital letter, mean a person from X:the inhabitants of Bordeaux= les Bordelais mplthe people of Strasbourg= les Strasbourgeois mplThe adjective forms, spelt with a small letter, are often used where in English the town name is used as an adjective:Paris shops= les magasins parisiensHowever, some of these French words are fairly rare, and it is always safe to say les habitants de X, or, for the adjective, simply de X. Here are examples of this, using some of the nouns that commonly combine with the names of towns:a Bordeaux accent= un accent de BordeauxToulouse airport= l’aéroport de Toulousethe La Rochelle area= la région de La RochelleLimoges buses= les autobus de Limogesthe Le Havre City Council= le conseil municipal du HavreLille representatives= les représentants de LilleLes Arcs restaurants= les restaurants des Arcsthe Geneva road= la route de GenèveBrussels streets= les rues de Bruxellesthe Angers team= l’équipe d’Angersthe Avignon train= le train d’Avignonbut noteOrleans traffic= la circulation à OrléansNames of cities and towns in French-speaking countries and their adjectivesRemember that when these adjectives are used as nouns, meaning a person from X or the people of X, they are spelt with capital letters.Aix-en-Provence = aixois(e)Alger = algérois(e)Angers = angevin(e)Arles = arlésien(ne)Auxerre = auxerrois(e)Avignon = avignonnais(e)Bastia = bastiais(e)Bayonne = bayonnais(e)Belfort = belfortain(e)Berne = bernois(e)Besançon = bisontin(e)Béziers = biterrois(e)Biarritz = biarrot(e)Bordeaux = bordelais(e)Boulogne-sur-Mer = boulonnais(e)Bourges = berruyer(-ère)Brest = brestois(e)Bruges = brugeois(e)Bruxelles = bruxellois(e)Calais = calaisien(ne)Cannes = cannais(e)Carcassonne = carcassonnais(e)Chambéry = chambérien(ne)Chamonix = chamoniard(e)Clermont-Ferrand = clermontois(e)Die = diois(e)Dieppe = dieppois(e)Dijon = dijonnais(e)Dunkerque = dunkerquois(e)Fontainebleau = bellifontain(e)Gap = gapençais(e)Genève = genevois(e)Grenoble = grenoblois(e)Havre, Le = havrais(e)Lens = lensois(e)Liège = liégeois(e)Lille = lillois(e)Lourdes = lourdais(e)Luxembourg = luxembourgeois(e)Lyon = lyonnais(e)Mâcon = mâconnais(e)Marseille = marseillais(e) or phocéen(ne)Metz = messin(e)Modane = modanais(e)Montpellier = montpelliérain(e)Montréal = montréalais(e)Moulins = moulinois(e)Mulhouse = mulhousien(ne)Nancy = nancéien(ne)Nantes = nantais(e)Narbonne = narbonnais(e)Nevers = nivernais(e)Nice = niçois(e)Nîmes = nîmois(e)Orléans = orléanais(e)Paris = parisien(ne)Pau = palois(e)Périgueux = périgourdin(e)Perpignan = perpignanais(e)Poitiers = poitevin(e)Pont-à-Mousson = mussipontain(e)Québec = québécois(e)Reims = rémois(e)Rennes = rennais(e)Roanne = roannais(e)Rouen = rouennais(e)Saint-Étienne = stéphanois(e)Saint-Malo = malouin(e)Saint-Tropez = tropézien(ne)Sancerre = sancerrois(e)Sète = sétois(e)Sochaux = sochalien(ne)Strasbourg = strasbourgeois(e)Tarascon = tarasconnais(e)Tarbes = tarbais(e)Toulon = toulonnais(e)Toulouse = toulousain(e)Tours = tourangeau(-elle)Tunis = tunisois(e)Valence = valentinois(e)Valenciennes = valenciennois(e)Versailles = versaillais(e)Vichy = vichyssois(e) -
3 include
include [ɪn'klu:d]comprendre, inclure;∎ each team includes eight forwards chaque équipe comprend huit avants;∎ the price includes VAT la TVA est comprise (dans le prix);∎ does that remark include me? cette remarque vaut-elle aussi pour moi?;∎ don't forget to include the cheque n'oubliez pas de joindre le chèque;∎ if you include Christmas Day en comptant le jour de Noël;∎ to include sb among one's friends compter qn parmi ou au nombre de ses amis;∎ my duties include sorting the mail trier le courrier entre dans mes attributions ou fait partie de mon travail;∎ the children refused to include him in their games les enfants ont refusé de l'inclure dans leurs jeux∎ include me in! comptez-moi aussi!□∎ you can include me out ne comptez pas sur moi□ -
4 прибор класса I
прибор класса I
Прибор, в котором защита от поражения электрическим током обеспечивается не только основной изоляцией, но включает в себя и дополнительные меры безопасности, при которых проводящие доступные части соединены с защитным заземляющим проводом в стационарной проводке установки таким образом, что проводящие доступные части не могут оказаться под напряжением в случае повреждения основной изоляции.
Примечание. Эта мера предосторожности включает в себя защитный провод в шнуре питания.
[ ГОСТ Р 52161. 1-2004 ( МЭК 60335-1: 2001)]EN
class I appliance
appliance in which protection against electric shock does not rely on basic insulation only but which includes an additional safety precaution, in that conductive accessible parts are connected to the protective earthing conductor in the fixed wiring of the installation in such a way that conductive accessible parts cannot become live in the event of a failure of the basic insulation
NOTE - This provision includes a protective earthing conductor in the supply cord.
[IEC 60335-1, ed. 4.0 (2001-05)]FR
appareil de la classe I
appareil dans lequel la protection contre les chocs électriques ne repose pas uniquement sur l'isolation principale mais dans lequel une mesure de sécurité supplémentaire a été prise sous la forme de moyens de raccordement des parties conductrices accessibles à un conducteur de protection faisant partie des canalisations fixes de l'installation de sorte que les parties conductrices accessibles ne puissent devenir dangereuses en cas de défaut de l'isolation principale
NOTE - Ces moyens comprennent un conducteur de protection dans le câble d'alimentation
[IEC 60335-1, ed. 4.0 (2001-05)]Тематики
EN
FR
Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > прибор класса I
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5 ухудшение качества пресных вод
ухудшение качества пресных вод
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
freshwater degradation
Pollution immediately or eventually involves the hydrological cycle of the earth, because even pollutants emitted into the air and those present in the soil are washed out by precipitation. Water is considered polluted when it is altered in composition or condition so that it becomes less suitable for any or all of the functions and purposes for which it would be suitable in its natural state. This definition includes changes in the physical, chemical and biological properties of water, or such discharges of liquid, gaseous or solid substances into water as will or are likely to create nuisances or render such water harmful to public health, safety or welfare, or to domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, fish or other aquatic life. It also includes changes in temperatures, due to the discharge of hot water. (Source: WPR)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > ухудшение качества пресных вод
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6 TOCHIN
tôchin, var. de tôchtli, pluriel tôtôchtin.*\TOCHIN zoologie, lapin.Description. Sah11,13 (the term includes species of 'sylvilagus') Dans une énumération d'animaux. Sah8,67.Description de son habitat et son mode de vie. Sah4,37." zan zacatlah zacatitlan in înemiyân in îquîzayân in îtlacuahcuayân tôchin ", le lieu où vit le lapin, son terrier, le lieu où il se nourrit, c'est uniquement là où abondent les herbes, sur les étendues herbeuses - only in grassy fields and swards were the rabbit's dwelling place, burrow, and grazing place. Sah4,37.Cité parmi les habitants des forêts, cuauhtlah. Sah11,105.comme proie de l'ocelot. Sah11,2.Rabbit, cité comme aliment en sauce en Sah8,39." ic conîxhuihhuîtequito in tôchin in yehhuâtl Têucciztecatl ", il alla frapper Tecuciztecatl au visage avec un lapin. Launey II 188.Un lapin qui entre dans une maison constitue un mauvais présage. Sah5,167." iuhquin tôchin îtzontecon ", comme une tête de lapin.Nahualli de Mâcuîltôchtli. Sah9,84." quimmoyâôtia in cîcihtin, in tôtôchtin, in tôtolmeh îhuân in cuânacameh ", il s'attaque aux lièvres, aux lapins, aux dindes et aux poules. Est dit du faucon blanc, iztac tlohtli. Sah11,44.D'après W.Lehmann 1938,4 note 1 le lapin serait associé au Sud.* métaphor." in tênan tlahuêlîlôc... tôchin, mazâtl îohhui quitêittitia quitêtoctia ", la mauvaise mère… elle fait voir aux siens, elle fait suivre aux siens le chemin du lapin (ou) du cerf - sie zeigt den Leuten den Weg des Kaninchen und Hirsches und bestärkt sie darin. (d.h. gibt damit den Leuten ein schlechtes Beispiel der Verwilderung). Sah 1952,8:15 = Sah10,2 (she shows the way - leads the way - to disobedience.)." mâ tôchin mazâtl îohhui nicnâmicti niquittiti ", que je ne fasse pas rencontrer, que je ne fasse pas voir le chemin de perdition. Sah6,43." iuh mihtoa in iuhquin tôchin ", ainsi on dit qu'il est comme un lapin - so it was said that he was like a rabbit.Est dit de celui qui est né sous le signe eyi tôchtli. Sah4,37.*\TOCHIN signe du calendrier. Cf. tôchtli.*\TOCHIN nom pers.Form: du radical 'tô', Cf. 'totôca', courrir. -
7 include
include [ɪnˈklu:d]• "service included/not included" « service compris/non compris »• does that remark include me? est-ce que cette remarque s'adresse aussi à moi ?• everyone, children included tout le monde, les enfants y compris• all of us, myself included nous tous, moi y compris• include me out! ne comptez pas sur moi !* * *[ɪn'kluːd]transitive verb inclure, comprendreall the ministers, Blanc included — tous les ministres, Blanc inclu
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8 standard
standard [ˈstændəd]1. noun2. adjectiveb. [pronunciation, grammar] correctc. [text, book] de référence3. compounds* * *['stændəd] 1.1) ( level of quality) niveau mto have high/low standards — [worker] être très/peu consciencieux; [school, institution] être d'un bon/mauvais niveau
2) ( official specification) norme f ( for de)3) ( requirement) (of student, work) niveau m requis; (of hygiene, safety) critères mpl4) ( banner) étendard m5) ( song) standard m2.1) ( normal) [size, equipment, rate] standard; [procedure] habituel/-uelle; [image] traditionnel/-elle2) ( authoritative) [work] de référence3) (also standard class) GB Railways [ticket] de seconde classe -
9 gatekeeper
MARKETING (in purchasing department) contrôleur m, relais m, filtre m… the supplier's marketing department must try to identify and reach technical specialists, engineers, technical buyers etc. This will depend on how accessible these people are, and on how effective are the gatekeepers whose role includes filtering out what they, or the influencer, deem to be undesirable or unnecessary information.
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10 include
comprendre, inclure; (in letter) joindre;∎ up to and including 31 December jusqu'au 31 décembre inclusivement;∎ the price includes VAT la TVA est comprise (dans le prix) -
11 package
1 noun∎ the package includes a company car l'offre comprend une voiture de société;∎ the offer is part of a larger package l'offre fait partie d'un ensemble plus important;∎ a new package of measures to halt inflation un nouvel ensemble visant à stopper l'inflation;∎ we offered them a generous package worth over £100,000 nous leur avons proposé un contrat global très avantageux de plus de 100 000 livrespackage deal offre f globale;∎ the package deal put forward by the management l'ensemble des mesures proposées par la direction;∎ we bought up the lot in a package deal nous avons tout acheté en un seul lotemballer, conditionner;∎ each item is individually packaged chaque article est conditionné ou emballé séparément -
12 restructuring
restructuration f;∎ the car industry in Europe has undergone massive restructuring in recent years l'industrie automobile européenne a subi une restructuration en profondeur ces dernières annéesrestructuring plan plan m de restructurationThe Corporation also announced a comprehensive restructuring plan designed to significantly reduce its manufacturing cost base. The plan includes the transfer of production and service operations in the Power Tools and Accessories and Hardware and Home Improvement businesses from facilities in the United States and England to low-cost locations in Mexico, China, and Central Europe as well as actions to reduce selling, general, and administrative expenses.
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13 site
1 noun(a) (piece of land) terrain m;∎ the development project includes sites for small businesses le projet immobilier prévoit des terrains pour de petites entreprises(b) (building) site chantier m (de construction)site foreman chef m de chantier;site manager directeur(trice) m, f de chantiersituer -
14 գոհաբանեմ
գոհաբանեմDasnabedian 1995: 426
Գրիգ. նար. կուս. 1995 1995 1,25 11,10freq: 2; JJSW entry includes գոհաբանիմ 1,25 je suis loué et glorifié
Բառարան հայերեն (դասական) - ֆրանսիացի (Glossaire arménien (classique)-français) > գոհաբանեմ
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15 երգեմ
երգեմDasnabedian 1995: 430
Գրիգ. նար. կուս. 1995 1995 3,1 3,24 22,4freq: 3; JJSW entry includes երգել chanter 3,24; երգիմ je suis célébré 22,4
Բառարան հայերեն (դասական) - ֆրանսիացի (Glossaire arménien (classique)-français) > երգեմ
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16 երեւիմ
երեւիմ(in: երեւել)Dasnabedian 1995: 430
Գրիգ. նար. կուս. 1995 1995 3,7 20,5 21,4se montrer, apparaîtrefreq: 3; JJSW entry includes երեւեալ manifesté, montré 20,5 21,4
Բառարան հայերեն (դասական) - ֆրանսիացի (Glossaire arménien (classique)-français) > երեւիմ
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17 algae
noun, plural(alga ['ælɡə] singular a group of simple plants which includes seaweed.) -
18 hospitality
noun (a friendly welcome for guests or strangers, which often includes offering them food, drink etc.) hospitalité -
19 music
['mju:zik] 1. noun1) (the art of arranging and combining sounds able to be produced by the human voice or by instruments: She prefers classical music to popular music; She is studying music; ( also adjective) a music lesson.) (de) musique2) (the written form in which such tones etc are set down: The pianist has forgotten to bring her music.) musique•- musical2. noun(a film or play that includes a large amount of singing, dancing etc.) comédie musicale- musician -
20 package holiday
(a holiday or tour for which one pays the organizer a fixed price which includes everything (travel, hotel, food etc): It is cheaper to go on a package holiday.) voyage à prix forfaitaire
См. также в других словарях:
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