in+the+presence+of

ōrācŭlum (sync. oraclum: ex oraclo, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 21, 42, or Trag. v. 65 Vahl.; plur, oracla, Att. ap. Non. 488, 2, or Trag. Rel. p. 185 Rib.; Ov. M. 1, 321), i, n. [oro], a divine announcement, an oracle (class.).

Lit.:

oracula ex eo ipso appellata sunt, quod inest in his deorum oratio,

Cic. Top. 20, 77:

quid est enim oraculum? nempe voluntas divina hominis ore enuntiata,

Sen. Contr. 1 praef.:

edere,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 116:

petere a Dodonā,

id. Div. 1, 43, 95:

quaerere,

Verg. G. 4, 449:

poscere,

id. A. 3, 456:

consulere,

Ov. M. 3, 8:

Delphis oracula cessant,

Juv. 6, 555.—

Transf.

In gen., a prophetic declaration, a prophecy:

exposui somnii et furoris oracula,

Cic. Div. 1, 32, 70; 1, 50, 115.—

A place where oracular responses were given, an oracle:

illud oraculum Delphis tam celebre,

Cic. Div. 1, 19, 37:

Hammonis,

Plin. 12, 23, 49, § 107:

Delphicum,

Macr. S. 1, 18, 4.—

Esp. (eccl. Lat.), the mercy-seat, the place in the tabernacle in which the presence of God was manifest, Vulg. Exod. 25, 18; 40, 18:

oraculum templi, sanctum sanctorum,

id. 3 Reg. 8, 6.—

An oracular saying, oracle pronounced by a man:

haec ego nunc physicorum oracula fundo,

Cic. N. D. 1, 24, 66:

inde illa reliqua oracula: nequam agricolam esse, etc.,

Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 40.—

An imperial rescript, Just. Inst. 1, 11, 11.

pălam, adv. and prep. [locative form; cf.: clam, perperam, etc.; root pal-, pla-; as in platus, planus; cf. pellis; hence, on the surface, on the open plain, and so], openly, publicly, undisguisedly, plainly (cf.: publice, vulgo, aperte; opp.: clam, occulte, secreto, etc.; class.).

Lit.:

haec quae in foro palam Syracusis... gesta sunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 33, § 81:

auferre argentum palam atque aperte,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 68; so,

non ex insidiis, sed aperte ac palam elaboratur,

Cic. Or. 12, 38; and:

palam agere coepit et aperte dicere occidendum Milonem,

id. Mil. 9, 25; cf. also id. Verr. 1, 7, 18: PALAM LVCI, Tab. Bant. vers. 15; so ib. vers. 22; cf.:

arma in templum Castoris luce palam comportarentur,

Cic. Pis. 10, 23:

ut luce palam in foro saltet,

id. Off. 3, 24, 93: gaudia clamque palamque, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (Ann. v. 247 Vahl.); Cic. Cael. 9, 20:

non per praestigias, sed palam,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 53:

non occulte sed palam,

id. ib. 2, 4, 22, §

49: palam... obscurius,

id. Ac. 2, 5, 13:

bestiae furtim fruuntur (frumento), domini palam et libere,

id. N. D. 2, 63, 157:

palam ante oculos omnium,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 65; Verg. A. 9, 153:

nec palam nec secreto,

Liv. 44, 34; cf. Tac. A. 2, 72:

palam... intus,

id. ib. 4, 1:

quod palam abnuerat inter secreta convivii largitur,

id. H. 2, 57, in late Lat.:

in palam,

Vulg. Sap. 14, 17; id. Luc. 8, 17. —

Transf.

Palam est or factum est, it is public, well known:

palam est res,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 9, 18:

haec commemoro quae sunt palam,

Cic. Pis. 5, 11:

palam ante oculos omnium esse,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 65:

palam factum est,

id. Att. 13, 21, 3:

hāc re palam factā,

Nep. Han. 7, 7; cf.:

palam facere suis, quo loco Eumenes esset,

id. ib. 11, 1:

hujus de morte ut palam factum est,

id. Dion. 10, 2; cf.:

cum exspirasset Tarquinius, celatā morte, suas opes firmavit: tum demum palam factum est, etc.,

Liv. 1, 41 fin.:

et nondum palam facto vivi mortuique,

id. 22, 55, 3:

cui palam facti parricidii obnoxius erat,

id. 40, 56, 3; so (euphemist.), ut de Claudio palam factum est, when the death of Claudius was announced:

cogitur Cato incumbens gladio simul de se ac de republicā palam facere,

Sen. Tranq. 16, 1:

idem nobis prophetae palam faciunt,

Lact. 7, 7, 13.—With subject-clause:

pisces audire palam est,

it is well known, Plin. 10, 70, 89, § 193:

dicere,

to say openly, Suet. Caes. 27:

palam ferente Hannibale ab se Minucium, se ab Fabio victum,

making no secret of it, Liv. 22, 29, 6.—

Prep., with abl., analogous to clam and coram, before, in the presence of one (not ante-Aug., and mostly poet.):

te palam,

Hor. Epod. 11, 19:

meque palam de me tuto male saepe loquuntur,

Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 39:

meque palam,

id. A. A. 2, 549:

Marte palam,

id. ib. 2, 569; Albin. 1, 444:

rem creditori palam populo solvit,

Liv. 6, 14, 5:

palam omnibus,

id. 25, 18:

palam senatu,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 5.

nuncŭpo, āvi, ātum, 1 (nuncupassit for nuncupaverit; v. in the foll.), v. a. [nomencapio], to call by name, to call, name (mostly ante-class. and post-Aug.;

esp. in jurid. lang.: quem cultrix nomine nostro nuncupat,

Ov. F. 1, 246; cf. Cic. de Or. 3, 38, 153; Quint. 8, 3, 27 Spald. N. cr.; cf.: designo, declaro, dico): nuncupare nominare valere apparet in legibus, ubi nuncupatae pecuniae sunt scriptae;

item in choro, in quo est: Aenea! Quis est qui meum nomen nuncupat? Item in Medio: Quis tu es mulier, quae me insueto nuncupāsti nomine?

Varr. L. L. 6, § 60 Müll.: CVM NEXVM FACIET MANCIPIVMQVE VTI LINGVA NVNCVPASSIT ITA IVS ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 173 Müll.; cf. Cic. Off. 3, 16, 65; cf. also id. de Or. 1, 57, 245: nuncupata pecunia est nominata, certa (nomine certa?), nominibus propriis pronuntiata, Paul. ex Fest. p. 173 Müll.:

tum illud, quod erat a deo donatum, nomine ipsius dei nuncupabant,

Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60; cf. id. ib. 2, 28, 71:

res utiles deorum vocabulis,

id. ib. 1, 15, 38; Plin. 4, 12, 27, § 91:

Pompeii M. titulos omnes triumphosque hoc in loco nuncupari,

id. 7, 26, 27, § 95:

aliquam reginam,

Just. 24, 2, 9:

aliquem Caesarem,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 23, 2:

Indigetem,

Ov. M. 14, 608.— Poet.: alicujus fidem, to invoke, Pac. ap. Non. 90, 11 (Trag. Rel. p. 78, v 141 Rib.).—

In partic.

Nuncupare heredem, to name publicly before witnesses as one's heir:

heredes palam, ita ut exaudiri possint nuncupandi sunt,

Dig. 28, 1, 21:

voce nuncupatus heres,

Just. 12, 15 fin.; Dig. 37, 11, 8: nuncupatum testamentum, a testament drawn up in the presence of witnesses, in which the testator names his heirs, Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 5.—

In gen., to constitute or appoint as one's heir, Suet. Claud. 4; id. Calig. 38:

nec quia offendit alius, nuncuparis, sed quia ipse meruisti,

Plin. Pan. 43.—

To announce publicly, proclaim formally:

consultatum pro rostris an in senatu an in castris adoptio nuncuparetur,

Tac. H. 1, 17.—

To pronounce vows publicly, to offer vows, to vow: vota nuncupata dicuntur, quae consules, praetores cum in provinciam proficiscuntur faciunt: ea in tabulas praesentibus multis referuntur. At Santra L. II. de verborum antiquitate satis multis nuncupata colligit non directo nominata significare, sed promissa et quasi testificata, circumscripta, recepta, quod etiam in votis nuncupandis esse convenientius, Paul. ex Fest. p. 173 Müll.; Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 11; Liv. 21, 63:

cum consul more majorum secundum vota in Capitolio nuncupata, cum lictoribus paludatus profectus ab urbe esset,

id. 41, 10:

solvere vota nuncupata pro incolumitate exercitus,

Val. Max. 1, 1 fin.

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• In the presence of the people. (Horace)

(prep. + acc.) among, in the presence of, at, at the house of.

(+ acc.) (means/ instrument) through, with, by, by means of.

(+ acc.) (cause) because of, on account of.

(+ acc.) (of space) through, along, over / in the presence of.

(+ acc.) (of time) throughout, during, in the course of.

(prefix to an adjective) very, excessively, quite

flĕo, flēvi, flētum, 2 (contr. forms flēsti, Ov. H. 5, 43; 45:

flēmus,

Prop. 2, 7, 2; cf. Lachm. ad Lucr. p. 291:

flērunt,

Verg. G. 4, 461; Stat. S. 2, 1, 175:

flēsset,

id. ib. 145:

flēsse,

Ov. M. 6, 404; Liv. 30, 44, 7), v. n. and a. [for flev-o, root phlu-; Gr. phluô, to bubble up, etc.; L. fluo, fluvius, etc.; cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 301 sq.].

Lit., to weep, cry, shed tears (syn.: ploro, lugeo, lacrimo): maerentes, flentes, lacrimantes, commiserantes, Enn. ap. Diom. p. 442 P. (Ann. 107 ed. Vahl.):

fleo, quia dijungimur,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 18:

quin fles,

id. Ps. 1, 1, 73:

nimium haec flet,

id. Mil. 4, 8, 14:

ne fle, mulier!

id. Ep. 4, 2, 31:

quid fles, Asterie?

Hor. C. 3, 7, 1:

ille me complexus atque osculans flere prohibebat,

Cic. Rep. 6, 14 fin.:

haec cum pluribus verbis flens a Caesare peteret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20, 5; cf. id. ib. 7, 26, 3; id. B. C. 1, 76, 1; 3, 98, 2:

deceptus quoniam flevit et ipse, deus,

Prop. 2, 16 (3, 8), 54:

felix qui potuit praesenti flere puellae,

before, in the presence of, Prop. 1, 12, 15; cf. Tib. 1, 10, 64:

o multa fleturum caput!

Hor. Epod. 5, 74:

lapides mehercule omnes flere et lamentari coëgisses,

Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 245.— Pass. impers.:

ad sepulcrum venimus: in ignem posita est: fletur,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 102:

minus est, quod flendum meo nomine quam quod gaudendum illius est,

Quint. 6 praef. § 8; so id. 6, 2, 3; 11, 1, 52.—

Transf.

Of horses, to neigh:

equorum greges comperit ubertim flere,

Suet. Caes. 81.—

Of things, to drop, trickle (ante- and post-class.):

uberibus flent omnia guttis,

Lucr. 1, 349:

flevit in templis ebur,

Sen. Thyest. 702:

imber,

Prud. Cath. 5, 24.

Act., to weep for, bewail, lament, a person or thing; to sing mournfully (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; once in Cic.): He. Ne fle. Er. Egone illum non fleam? egone non defleam Talem adolescentem? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 36:

unicum (filium) mater,

Cat. 39, 5:

parentes Troĭlon,

Hor. C. 2, 9, 17:

Gygen,

id. ib. 3, 7, 1;

amissas amicitias,

Cat. 96, 4:

* Pisonem eis verbis flens meum casum vexavit,

Cic. Sest. 28, 60:

filii necem,

Tac. A. 6, 10; 2, 71:

suam vicem,

Curt. 10, 5, 21:

servitutem tristem,

Phaedr. 1, 2, 6:

amissum conjugem,

Just. 28, 4, 4:

fidem mutatosque deos,

Hor. C. 1, 5, 6:

moechos arrogantes,

id. ib. 1, 25, 10:

catellam raptam sibi,

id. Ep. 1, 17, 56:

amorem testudine,

id. Epod. 14, 11: feralia carmina, to sing, Col. poët. 10, 350:

virum,

Sen. Contr. 2, 11, 1:

amissum fratrem,

id. ib. 4, 29, 8:

adlatum ad se Pompeii caput,

id. ib. 10, 32, 1.—In part. perf.:

multum fleti ad superos,

bewailed, lamented, Verg. A. 6, 481; Stat. Th. 4, 103.—

With object-clause:

agmina septem Flebis in aeterno surda jacere situ,

Prop. 1, 7, 18; Val. Fl. 1, 633.—Hence, flē-tus, a, um, P. a., weeping:

mater fleta et lacrimosa,

App. M. 7, p. 199 fin. (but in Lucr. 2, 631 the correct read. is sanguinolenti).

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openly, publicly, (+abl.) in the presence of