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1 COMMAND
(verb) *can- (so when used of persons; when used with things as object, this verb means demand) –PM:361-362 (where the stem KAN is mentioned; the Quenya verb is not directly cited as such, but seems implied by Tolkien's discussion of how this stem was used in Quenya.) For “command” as a noun, see ORDER. -
2 THEY, THEM
(3rd person pl. and dual forms): As the pronominal ending for “they”, Tolkien hesitated between -ltë and -ntë. For instance, a verb like “they do” is attested both as cariltë and carintë (VT49:16, 17). In one text, the ending -ltë is marked as archaic or poetic (VT49:17), but in other paradigms no such qualification occurs (VT49:51). The alternative form -nte- occurs in UT:317, with a second pronominal marker (-s “it”, denoting the object) following: Tiruvantes "they will keep it". General considerations of euphony may favour -ltë rather than -ntë (e.g. *quenteltë rather than *quententë for “they spoke” – in the past tense, many verbs end in -ntë even before any pronominal endings are supplied, like quentë “spoke” in this example). The ending -ltë (unlike -ntë) would also conform with the general system that the plural pronominal endings include the plural marker l (VT48:11). – In Tolkien’s early material, the ending -ltë appears as -lto instead (e.g. tulielto “they have come”, LT1:270). – A simple plural verb (with ending -r) can have “they” as its implied subject, as in the example quetir en “they still say” (PE17:167). – In the independent pronouns, distinct forms of may be used depending on whether “they, them” refers to living beings (persons, animals or even plants) or to non-living things or abstracts. The “personal” independent pronoun is te, which may have a long vowel when stressed (té, VT49:51). It is also attested in object position (laita te “bless them”, LotR:989 cf. Letters:308, VT43:20). It can receive case endings, e.g. dative ten (VT49:14; variant forms téna and tien, VT49:14, VT43:12, 21). As the “impersonal” they, them referring to non-living things, Tolkien in some sources used ta (VT43:20; 8, 9), but this apparently caused dissatisfaction because he also wanted ta to be the singular pronoun “that, it”. According to VT49:32, the form tai was introduced as the word for impersonal or inanimate “they, them” (in some places changed to te, apparently suggesting that Tolkien considered using te for both personal and impersonal “they/them”, abandoning the distinction). Another source (VT49:51) lists sa as the pl. impersonal form, but all other published sources use this pronoun for singular impersonal “it”, not pl. “they”. – The object “them” can also be expressed by the ending -t following another pronominal suffix (laituvalmet, “we shall bless [or praise] them", LotR:989 cf Letters:308). Presumably this ending -t makes no distinction between personal and impersonal forms. – Quenya also possesses special dual forms of “they, them”, used where only two persons or things are referred to (none of these pronouns distinguish between personal and impersonal forms). In VT49:16, the old ending for dual “they” is given as -stë (marked as archaic or poetic), but this would clash with the corresponding 2nd person ending. According to VT49:51, this ending was changed (also within the imaginary world) from -stë to -ttë, which seems the better alternative (*carittë, “the two of them do”). The independent dual pronoun is given as tú (ibid.) However, it may also be permissible to use te for “they, them” even where only two persons are involved (te is seemingly used with reference to Frodo and Sam in one of the examples above, laita te “bless them”). – Genitive forms, see THEIR; reflexive pronoun, see THEMSELVES.
См. также в других словарях:
implied — im·plied /im plīd/ adj: not directly or specifically made known (as in the terms of a contract); specif: recognized (as by a court) as existing by reason of an inference and esp. on legal or equitable grounds for breach of implied covenants in… … Law dictionary
implied — im‧plied [ɪmˈplaɪd] adjective not stated openly, but understood to exist or to be true: • Disney argued that it had an oral contract and an implied license to use the Muppet characters. * * * implied UK US /ɪmˈplaɪd/ adjective [usually before… … Financial and business terms
Implied — Im*plied , a. Virtually involved or included; involved in substance; inferential; tacitly conceded; the correlative of express, or expressed. See {Imply}. [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
implied — [adj] hinted at adumbrated, alluded to, allusive, connoted, constructive, figured, foreshadowed, hidden, implicit, indicated, indicative, indirect, inferential, inferred, inherent, insinuated, intended, involved, latent, lurking, meant, occult,… … New thesaurus
implied — [im plīd′] adj. involved, suggested, or understood without being openly or directly expressed … English World dictionary
implied — This word is used in law in contrast to express ; i.e., where the intention in regard to the subjectmatter is not manifested by explicit and direct words, but is gathered by implication or necessary deduction from the circumstances, the general… … Black's law dictionary
implied — This word is used in law in contrast to express ; i.e., where the intention in regard to the subjectmatter is not manifested by explicit and direct words, but is gathered by implication or necessary deduction from the circumstances, the general… … Black's law dictionary
Implied — Imply Im*ply , v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Implied}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Implying}.] [From the same source as employ. See {Employ}, {Ply}, and cf. {Implicate}, {Apply}.] 1. To infold or involve; to wrap up. [Obs.] His head in curls implied. Chapman. [1913… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
implied — impliedly /im pluy id lee/, adv. /im pluyd /, adj. involved, indicated, or suggested without being directly or explicitly stated; tacitly understood: an implied rebuke; an implied compliment. [1520 30; IMPLY + ED2] * * * … Universalium
implied — adj. Implied is used with these nouns: ↑consent, ↑criticism, ↑message, ↑rebuke, ↑term, ↑threat … Collocations dictionary
implied — /ɪmˈplaɪd/ (say im pluyd) adjective involved, indicated, or suggested by implying; tacitly understood: an implied rebuke …
