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81 glans

sg - glansen

блеск м; гля́нец м

* * *

brilliance, glamour, glory, gloss, luminosity, polish, sheen, shine, shininess

* * *

(en)

( blankhed) gloss, sheen ( fx of hair, of shoes, of a polished floor; the sheen of silk (, of satin)),

(F og fagligt) lustre ( fx of hair, of pearls, of a mineral; metallic lustre);

( stråleglans) radiance ( fx of the sun, of the stars), brilliance;

( pragt) glory ( fx the sun rose in all its glory);

[ han bestod eksamen (, prøven) med glans] he passed the examination (, the test) with flying colours;

[ dumpe med glans] fail gloriously;

[ glansen er ved at gå af det]

(også fig) the gloss is wearing off;

[glansen er gået af St. Gertrud] the gilt is off the gingerbread;

[ kaste glans over]

(fig) lend (el. give) lustre to ( fx his presence gave lustre to the occasion),

( gøre ære) reflect credit on ( fx his achievement reflected credit on his old school);

[ klare sig med glans] come out of it with flying colours;

[ tage glansen af]

(fig) rub the shine off;

[ vise sig i al sin glans] appear in all one's glory.

Danish-English dictionary > glans
82 soñar

m.

sonar (Nautical).

El sonar detectó un submarino The sonar detected a submarine.

v.

1 to sound, to make a sound, to sound off.

La música suena bien The music sounds good.

El timbre suena sin parar The doorbell rings endlessly.

2 to sound.

La música suena bien The music sounds good.

3 to ring.

4 to peal, to clang.

5 to break down completely, to break down.

La máquina sonó The machine broke down completely.

6 to ring a bell on.

Ese asunto me suena That thing rings a bell on me.

7 to clobber, to bludgeon, to thump, to bemaul.

Lo sonó He clobbered him.

8 to beat, to defeat, to vanquish, to thrash.

* * *

sonar

► nombre masculino

1 MARÍTIMO sonar

————————

sonar

► verbo intransitivo

1 (hacer ruido) to sound

2 (timbre, teléfono, etc) to ring

3 (alarma, reloj) to go off

4 (instrumento) to play

5 (letra) to be pronounced

■ esa letra no suena that letter is not pronounced

6 (mencionarse) to be mentioned

7 (tener apariencia) to look (a, like), sound (a, like), seem (a, like)

■ el proyecto sonaba a estafa the project sounded like a con

► verbo transitivo

1 (conocer vagamente) to sound familiar, ring a bell

■ no me suena esa calle that street doesn't ring a bell

2 (nariz) to blow

3 (timbre etc) to ring; (bocina) to blow, sound; (instrumento) to play

► verbo pronominal sonarse

1 (nariz) to blow

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

tal y como suena literally, just as I'm telling you

* * *

verb

1) to sound

2) ring

* * *

1. VI

1) (=producir sonido)

a) [campana, teléfono, timbre] to ring; [aparato electrónico] to beep, bleep

este timbre no suena — this bell doesn't work o ring

está sonando el busca — the pager is beeping o bleeping

el reloj de la iglesia no sonó — the church clock did not chime

acaban de sonar las diez — it has just struck ten

hacer sonar — [+ alarma, sirena] to sound; [+ campanilla, timbre] to ring; [+ trompeta, flauta] to play

hace sonar su vieja gaita en las grandes ocasiones — he plays his old bagpipes on special occasions

haz sonar el claxon — blow o beep the horn

b) [alarma, sirena] to go off

a las seis sonó el despertador — the alarm clock went off at six

c) [máquina, aparato] to make a noise; [música] to play

¡cómo suena este frigorífico! — what a noise this fridge makes!

sonaron tres disparos — three shots were heard

empezó a sonar el himno nacional — the national anthem started to play

le sonaban las tripas — his stomach was rumbling

- ni sonar ni tronar
flauta, río
2) (Ling) [fonema, letra] to be pronounced; [frase, palabra] to sound

la h de "hombre" no suena — the h in "hombre" is not pronounced o is silent

escríbelo tal como suena — write it as it sounds

3) (=parecer por el sonido) to sound

sonaba extraño viniendo de él — it sounded strange coming from him

cantan en inglés y suenan muy bien — they sing in English and they sound very good

ese título suena bien — that sounds like a good title

• sonar a — to sound like

suena a metálico — it sounds like metal

eso me suena a excusa — that sounds like an excuse to me

sus palabras sonaban a falso — his words rang o sounded false

sonar a hueco — to sound hollow

- así como suena

le dijo que se fuera, así como suena — he told him to go, just like that

se llama Anastasio, así como suena — he's called Anastasio, believe it or not

- me suena a chino

4) (=ser conocido) to sound familiar, ring a bell *

¿no te suena el nombre? — isn't the name familiar?, doesn't the name sound familiar o ring a bell?

a mí su cara no me suena de nada — his face isn't at all familiar to me o doesn't look at all familiar to me

5) (=mencionarse)

su nombre suena constantemente en relación con este asunto — her name is always coming up o being mentioned in connection with this affair

no quiere que suene su nombre — he doesn't want his name mentioned

6) And, Cono Sur * (=fracasar) to come to grief *

sonamos en la prueba de francés — we came to grief in the French test *

ahora sí que sonamos — now we're really in trouble

7) Cono Sur * (=morirse) to kick the bucket *, peg out *

8) Cono Sur * (=estropearse) to pack up *

9)

hacer sonar — Cono Sur * [gen] to wreck; [+ dinero] to blow *

10)

hacer sonar a algn — Cono Sur * (=derrotar) to thrash sb *; (=castigar) to do sb **; (=suspender) to fail, flunk (EEUU) *

lo van a hacer sonar si lo pillan — he'll get done for it if they catch him **

2. VT

1) (=hacer sonar) [+ campanilla] to ring; [+ trompeta] to play; [+ alarma, sirena] to sound

2)

sonar la nariz a algn — to blow sb's nose

3) Méx, Ven * (=pegar) to clobber *

4) Méx, Ven * (=ganar) to thrash *

3.

See:

sonarse

* * *
I 1.
verbo intransitivo

1) teléfono/timbre to ring; disparo to ring out

el despertador sonó a las cinco — the alarm went off at five o'clock

cuando suena la sirena — when the siren goes

sonaron las doce en el reloj — the clock struck twelve

cómo me suenan las tripas! — (fam) my tummy's rumbling (colloq)

2) (+ compl)

a) motor/instrumento to sound; persona to sound

suena a hueco/a metal — it sounds hollow/metallic o like metal

b) palabra/expresión to sound

se escribe como suena — it's spelled as it sounds

(así) como suena — just like that, as simple as that

3)

a) ( resultar conocido) (+ me/te/le etc)

me suena tu cara — your face is o looks familiar

¿de qué me suena ese nombre? — where do I know that name from?

¿te suena este refrán? — does this proverb ring a bell (with you) o sound familiar to you?

b) ( parecer)

sonar A algo — to sound like something

me suena a una de sus invenciones — it sounds to me like one of his stories

4)

a) (AmL fam) ( fracasar)

soné en el examen — I blew the exam (colloq), I blew it in the exam (colloq)

sonamos — we've had it now, we've blown it now (colloq)

b) (CS fam) (descomponerse, estropearse) to pack up (colloq)

c) (CS fam) ( morirse) to kick the bucket (colloq)
2.
sonar vt

1)

a) (+ me/te/le etc) < nariz> to wipe

suénale la nariz — wipe her nose for her, will you?

b) < trompeta> to play

2) (Méx fam)

a) ( pegar) < persona> to thump (colloq), to clobber (colloq)

b) ( en competición) to beat, thrash (colloq)
3.
sonarse v pron: tb

sonarse la nariz — to blow one's nose
II
masculino sonar

* * *

= dream.

Ex. This has brought us nearer to UBC than anyone would have dreamed possible thirty years ago.

----

* soñar despierto = daydream.

* * *
I 1.
verbo intransitivo

1) teléfono/timbre to ring; disparo to ring out

el despertador sonó a las cinco — the alarm went off at five o'clock

cuando suena la sirena — when the siren goes

sonaron las doce en el reloj — the clock struck twelve

cómo me suenan las tripas! — (fam) my tummy's rumbling (colloq)

2) (+ compl)

a) motor/instrumento to sound; persona to sound

suena a hueco/a metal — it sounds hollow/metallic o like metal

b) palabra/expresión to sound

se escribe como suena — it's spelled as it sounds

(así) como suena — just like that, as simple as that

3)

a) ( resultar conocido) (+ me/te/le etc)

me suena tu cara — your face is o looks familiar

¿de qué me suena ese nombre? — where do I know that name from?

¿te suena este refrán? — does this proverb ring a bell (with you) o sound familiar to you?

b) ( parecer)

sonar A algo — to sound like something

me suena a una de sus invenciones — it sounds to me like one of his stories

4)

a) (AmL fam) ( fracasar)

soné en el examen — I blew the exam (colloq), I blew it in the exam (colloq)

sonamos — we've had it now, we've blown it now (colloq)

b) (CS fam) (descomponerse, estropearse) to pack up (colloq)

c) (CS fam) ( morirse) to kick the bucket (colloq)
2.
sonar vt

1)

a) (+ me/te/le etc) < nariz> to wipe

suénale la nariz — wipe her nose for her, will you?

b) < trompeta> to play

2) (Méx fam)

a) ( pegar) < persona> to thump (colloq), to clobber (colloq)

b) ( en competición) to beat, thrash (colloq)
3.
sonarse v pron: tb

sonarse la nariz — to blow one's nose
II
masculino sonar

* * *

sonar¹

¹ = beep, sound, go off, chime.

Ex: If neither crossreferences or documents are associated with the entry, the terminal beeps and a message is displayed.

Ex: Leforte could usually identify those footsteps easily; but today they sounded less forceful and deliberate.

Ex: The particular issue has to do with pagers and cell phones going off in a public library and the need for a policy to control the situation.

Ex: The delay seems even longer with the second doorbell that I have set to chime once, as opposed to the front doorbell which chimes twice.

* alarma + sonar = alarm + go off.

* campana + sonar = bell + ring.

* cuando el río suena, agua lleva = there's no smoke without fire, where there's smoke there's fire.

* despertador + sonar = alarm + go off, alarm clock + go off.

* dinero contante y sonante = readies, the ready.

* hacer sonar una alarma = sound + alarm.

* hacer sonar un cascabel = jingle.

* hacer sonar un clic = click.

* que suena = ringing.

* sonar a = smack of.

* sonar conocido = ring + a bell.

* sonar el teléfono = telephone + ring.

* sonar falso = have + a hollow ring.

* sonarse = blow + Posesivo + nose.

* sonarse la nariz = blow + Posesivo + nose.

* sonarse los mocos = blow + Posesivo + nose.

* sonar un cascabel = jingle.

* * *

sonar¹ [ A10 ]

vi

A

1 «teléfono/timbre» to ring

la alarma estuvo sonando toda la noche the alarm was ringing all night

el despertador sonó a las cinco the alarm went off at five o'clock

sonó un disparo there was a shot, a shot rang out, I/you/he heard a shot

cuando suena la sirena when the siren goes, when you hear the siren

sonaron las doce en el reloj del Ayuntamiento the Town Hall clock struck twelve

¡cómo me suenan las tripas! ( fam); my tummy's rumbling ( colloq)

2

«letra»: la `e' final no suena you don't pronounce the final `e', the final `e' is not pronounced o is silent

B (+ compl)

1 «motor/instrumento» to sound; «persona» to sound

suena raro it sounds funny

sonaba preocupada she sounded worried

suena a hueco/a metal it sounds hollow/metallic o like metal

2 «palabra/expresión» to sound

se escribe como suena it's spelled as it sounds

me suena fatal it sounds awful to me

¿te suena bien esto? does this sound all right to you?

(así) como suena just like that, as simple as that

me dijo que me largara, así como suena she told me to get out, just like that o as simple as that

C

1 (resultar conocido) (+ me/te/le etc):

me suena tu cara I know your face from somewhere, your face is o looks familiar

¿de qué me suena ese nombre/esa canción? where do I know that name from/that song from?

me suena haberlo oído antes it rings a bell o it sounds familiar

¿te suena este refrán? does this proverb ring a bell (with you) o sound familiar to you?, have you heard this proverb before?, do you know this proverb?

2 (parecer) sonar A algo to sound like sth

me suena a una de sus invenciones it sounds to me like one of his stories

D

(mencionarse): su nombre suena mucho en el mundo de la moda his name is on everybody's lips o everybody's talking about him, in the fashion world

sé discreto, que mi nombre no suena para nada be discreet, I want my name kept out of this o I don't want my name mentioned

E

1

( AmL fam) (fracasar): soné en el examen I blew the exam ( colloq), I blew it in the exam ( colloq)

sonamos, se largó a llover now we've had it o now we're in trouble, it's started to rain ( colloq)

estamos sonados, perdimos el tren we've had it now o we've blown it now, we've missed the train ( colloq)

2 (CS fam) (descomponerse, estropearse) to pack up ( colloq)

3 (CS fam) (morirse) to kick the bucket ( colloq), to croak (sl)

■ sonar

vt

A

1 (+ me/te/le etc) ‹nariz› to wipe

suénale la nariz wipe her nose for her, will you?

2 ‹trompeta› to play

B (CS fam) ‹alumno› to fail, flunk ( AmE)

C ( Méx fam)

1 (pegar) ‹persona› to thump ( colloq), to clobber ( colloq)

2 (en una competición) ‹persona/equipo› to beat, thrash ( colloq)

■ sonarse

v pron

tb sonarse la nariz to blow one's nose

sonar²

masculine

sonar

* * *

Multiple Entries:
sonar
soñar
sonar ( conjugate sonar) verbo intransitivo
1 [teléfono/timbre] to ring;
[ disparo] to ring out;
◊ el despertador sonó a las cinco the alarm went off at five o'clock;

soñaron las doce en el reloj the clock struck twelve;
me suenan las tripas (fam) my tummy's rumbling (colloq)
2 (+ compl)
a) [motor/instrumento] to sound;

[ persona] to sound;
◊ suena raro it sounds funny;

sonaba preocupada she sounded worried;
suena a hueco it sounds hollow
b) [palabra/expresión] to sound

3
a) ( resultar conocido) (+ me/te/le etc):

◊ me suena tu cara your face is o looks familiar;

¿te suena este refrán? does this proverb ring a bell (with you) o sound familiar to you?
b) ( parecer) soñar A algo to sound like sth

4 (AmL fam) ( fracasar):
◊ soné en el examen I blew it in the exam (colloq);

sonamos we've blown it now (colloq)
verbo transitivo
1
a) (+ me/te/le etc) ‹ nariz› to wipe

b) ‹ trompeta› to play

2 (Méx fam)
a) ( pegar) ‹ persona› to thump (colloq), to clobber (colloq)

b) ( en competición) to beat, thrash (colloq)

sonarse verbo pronominal: tb
◊ soñarse la nariz to blow one's nose

soñar ( conjugate soñar) verbo transitivo
a) ( durmiendo) to dream

b) ( fantasear) to dream;

◊ la casa soñada her/his/their dream house

verbo intransitivo
a) ( durmiendo) to dream;

soñar con algo/algn to dream about sth/sb;
◊ que sueñes con los angelitos (fr hecha) sweet dreams

b) ( fantasear) to dream;

◊ soñar despierto to daydream;

soñar con algo to dream of sth
sonar verbo intransitivo
1 (un instrumento, una melodía) to sound: su voz sonaba a preocupación, her voice sounded worried
(un despertador) to ring, buzz
2 (dar una impresión) to sound: lo que dices me suena a chino, what you are saying is Greek to me
eso me suena a problemas, that sounds like trouble
su propuesta no suena mal, I like the sound of her proposal
3 (ser familiar) su cara me suena, his face rings a bell, ese nombre no me suena de nada, that name is completely unknown to me
4 (ser citado, mencionado) su nombre suena como candidato al premio, his name was put forward as a candidate for the prize
soñar
I verbo transitivo
1 to dream: soñé que vivía en una isla desierta, I dreamt I was living on a desert island
2 (imaginar) to imagine: la boda fue tal como la había soñado, her wedding was just like in her dreams
II verbo intransitivo
1 (dormido) sueñas en voz alta, you talk in your sleep
esta noche soñé con él, last night I had a dream about him
2 (imaginar) deja de soñar (despierto), stop daydreaming
no sueñes con que te invite, don't expect to be invited
3 (desear) sueña con volver a su tierra natal, she dreams of returning to her homeland
' soñar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
alta
- alto
- repicar
- sonar
- tocar
- a
- explorar
- soñado
- suena
English:
and
- blare
- blow
- chime
- clang
- clank
- clash
- daydream
- dream
- fantasize
- go off
- jangle
- moon over sb
- must
- rattle
- reverie
- ring
- set off
- sonar
- sound
- buzz
- go
- set

* * *

sonar¹

♦ vi

1. [producir sonido] [timbre, teléfono, campana, despertador, alarma] to ring;

sonó una explosión there was an explosion;

sonó un disparo a shot rang out;

sonaba a lo lejos una sirena you could hear (the sound of) a siren in the distance;

hicieron sonar la alarma they set off the alarm;

sonaron las diez (en el reloj) the clock struck ten;

suena (a) hueco it sounds hollow;

suena a los Beatles it sounds like the Beatles;

suena falso/a chiste it sounds false/like a joke;
Fig
no me gusta nada como suena esto I don't like the sound of this at all;

(así o [m5] tal) como suena [literalmente] literally, in so many words;

me llamó mentirosa, así como suena she literally called me a liar;

su nombre se escribe como suena you spell her name like it sounds;

Comp
Fam
sonar la flauta: sonó la flauta y aprobé el examen it was a fluke that I passed the exam;

si suena la flauta… with a bit of luck…

2. [ser conocido, familiar]
me suena it rings a bell;

esa cara me suena I know that face, I've seen that face somewhere before;

¿te suena de algo este número de teléfono? does this telephone number mean anything to you o ring a bell?;

no me suena su nombre I don't remember hearing her name before;

un nombre que suena mucho en círculos políticos a name that is often mentioned in political circles

3. [pronunciarse] to be pronounced;

la letra “h” no suena the “h” is silent

4. [mencionarse, citarse] to be mentioned;

su nombre suena como futuro ministro his name is being mentioned as a future minister

5. [rumorearse] to be rumoured;

suena por ahí que lo van a echar it is rumoured that he is going to be sacked

6. CSur Fam [fracasar] to come a cropper, US to mess up;

si no te preparás para ese examen vas a sonar if you don't revise for the exam you're going to come a cropper;

no supieron llevar la empresa correctamente y sonaron they mismanaged the company and came to grief

7. RP Fam [morir] to kick the bucket

♦ vt

sonar la nariz a alguien to wipe sb's nose

♦ See also the pronominal verb sonarse

* * *

sonar

I v/i

1 ring out

2 de música play;

así, tal como suena fig as simple as that, just like that

3

:

sonar a sound like

4

:

me suena esa voz I know that voice, that voice sounds familiar

II v/t la nariz wipe

* * *

sonar {19} vi

1) : to sound

suena bien: it sounds good

2) : to ring (bells)

3) : to look or sound familiar

me suena ese nombre: that name rings a bell

4)

sonar a : to sound like

sonar vt

1) : to ring

2) : to blow (a trumpet, a nose)

♦ See also the reflexive verb sonarse

* * *

sonar vb

1. (teléfono, timbre) to ring [pt. rang; pp. rung]

sonaba el teléfono the telephone was ringing

2. (despertador, alarma) to go off

¿ha sonado el despertador? has the alarm clock gone off?

3. (letra) to be pronounced

en español la "h" no suena in Spanish the "h" is not pronounced

Lo más normal sería decir the "h" is silent

4. (resultar conocido) to be familiar / to ring a bell [pt. rang; pp. rung]

su nombre me suena his name sounds familiar / his name rings a bell

su cara me suena her face is familiar

5. (tener un aspecto) to sound

eso suena a falso that sounds false

el argumento suena interesante the plot sounds interesting

así como suena / tal como suena just like that

Spanish-English dictionary > soñar
83 real

adj.

1 real (verdadero).

2 royal.

f.

REAL, revised European-American lymphoma classification.

m.

real (moneda) (from Brazil).

no tener un real not to have a penny to one's name

no valer un real (figurative) to be worthless

* * *

real

► adjetivo

1 (regio) royal

■ familia real royal family

■ palacio real royal palace

2 figurado grand, fine

■ es una real moza she's a good-looking girl

► nombre masculino

1 (de feria) fairground

2 (moneda) old Spanish coin worth one quarter of a peseta

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

estar sin un real to be penniless

no me da la real gana familiar I don't feel like it

no valer un real to be worthless, not be worth tuppence

por real decreto DERECHO by royal decree

————————

real

► adjetivo

1 (verdadero) real

■ en la vida real in real life

■ es un hecho real it's a true story

* * *

adj.

1) teal

2) true

3) royal

* * *
I
ADJ (=verdadero) real

esta vez el dolor era real — this time the pain was real

en la vida real — in real life

la película está basada en hechos reales — the film is based on real o actual events
II
1. ADJ

1) (=de la realeza) royal

la familia real — the royal family

porque no me da la real gana — * because I don't damn well feel like it *

2) † (=espléndido) grand, splendid

una real hembra — hum a fine figure of a woman

2. SM

1) (tb: real de la feria) fairground

2) ( Hist) army camp

- asentar o sentar los reales

ha asentado sus reales en mi casa y de aquí no lo sacas — he's installed himself in my house and you won't get him out of here

3) ( Hist) (Econ) old Spanish coin of 25 céntimos, one quarter of a peseta

no tiene un real — * he hasn't a bean *

* * *
I
adjetivo

1) (verdadero, no ficticio)

un hecho real — a true story

en la vida real — in real life

historias de la vida real — real-life o true-life stories

2) ( de la realeza) royal

la familia real — the royal family

3) (fam) ( uso expletivo)

porque me da la real gana — because I damn well want to (colloq)
II
masculino

1)

a) (Hist) real ( old Spanish coin)

no valer un real — (fam) to be worth nothing

b) (Fin) real ( Brazilian unit of currency)

c) reales masculino plural (AmC fam) ( dinero) cash (colloq)

2) (Mil) camp

sentar or establecer sus or los reales — ejército to set up camp; persona to install oneself

* * *
I
adjetivo

1) (verdadero, no ficticio)

un hecho real — a true story

en la vida real — in real life

historias de la vida real — real-life o true-life stories

2) ( de la realeza) royal

la familia real — the royal family

3) (fam) ( uso expletivo)

porque me da la real gana — because I damn well want to (colloq)
II
masculino

1)

a) (Hist) real ( old Spanish coin)

no valer un real — (fam) to be worth nothing

b) (Fin) real ( Brazilian unit of currency)

c) reales masculino plural (AmC fam) ( dinero) cash (colloq)

2) (Mil) camp

sentar or establecer sus or los reales — ejército to set up camp; persona to install oneself

* * *

real¹

¹ = royal.

Ex: No less prestigious an authority than a royal Commission was appointed to inquire into the charges brought against the man principally responsible for that volume.

* águila real = golden eagle.

* cañada real = droving road.

* carta real = charter.

* glacé real = royal icing, glacé royal.

* Nombre + real = majesty's + Nombre.

* pagar derechos reales = pay + royalty.

* pavo real = peacock.

real²

² = actual, flesh-and-blood, genuine, real, real-world, real-life, on the ground, factual.

Ex: It presents a case study based on an actual situation which arose between the chief librarian of a public library and the library janitor.

Ex: It is in this way that students gain experience by proxy and get a feel for handling problems in the flesh-and-blood world.

Ex: A general paper may be irrelevant to a specialist but of genuine value to someone seeking a brief introduction to a field peripheral to their main interest.

Ex: In this case we find a tendency to ignore the author's identity as found in the document, and to prefer instead a real name to a pseudonym.

Ex: It is unfortunate that there is a dearth of real-world logged data to explore usage and problems.

Ex: Many librarians find such theories difficult to put into practice in real-life situations.

Ex: It is difficult to know just to what extent vague concepts like 'the flow of information in a democratic society' actually result in services on the ground.

Ex: No one, in this purely hypothetical example, has thought that the reader might be happy with a factual account of an Atlantic convoy as well as, or in place of, a purely fictional account.

* comprobación en la práctica real = field test.

* en la práctica real = in actual practice.

* en la vida real = in real life.

* en términos reales = in real terms, in actual practice.

* experiencia del mundo real = real-world training.

* formación en el mundo real = real-world training.

* hecho real = brute fact.

* hechos reales = true story.

* mundo real, el = real world, the.

* práctica real = actual practice.

* real y verdaderamente = really and truly.

* solución poco real = pie in the sky solution.

* tamaño real = full-size.

* vida real = real life.

* * *

real¹

adjective

A

(verdadero, no ficticio): el libro narra un hecho real the book tells a true story

es muy distinta en la vida real she's very different in real life

historias de la vida real real-life stories, true o true-life stories

B (de la realeza) royal

la familia real the royal family

por real decreto by royal decree

la Real Academia Española de la Lengua the Royal Academy of the Spanish Language

Compuesto:

real sitio

masculine summer residence ( of the Spanish monarchs)

C ( fam)

(uso expletivo): porque me da la real gana because I damn well want to ( colloq)

real²

masculine

A

1 (moneda) real (old Spanish coin worth a quarter of a peseta, also a Peruvian 10 centavo coin)

estar sin un real ( fam); to be flat broke ( colloq)

estoy sin un real I'm flat broke, I don't have a penny o ( AmE) a dime ( colloq)

no valer un real ( fam); to be worth nothing

los terrenos no valen ni un real the land isn't worth a penny o is worthless

2 ( Fin) real ( Brazilian unit of currency)

3 reales mpl ( AmC fam) (dinero) cash ( colloq)

B

1 ( Mil) camp

sentar or establecer sus or los reales «ejército» to set up camp;

«persona» to install* oneself; «empresa» to set up

2

(recinto): real de la feria fairground

* * *

real adjetivo
a) (verdadero, no ficticio):

◊ un hecho real a true story;

en la vida real in real life;
historias de la vida real real-life o true-life stories
b) ( de la realeza) royal;

◊ porque me da la real gana (fam) because I damn well want to (colloq)

■ sustantivo masculino
a) (Hist) real ( old Spanish coin);

◊ no valer un real (fam) to be worth nothing

b) (Fin) real ( Brazilian unit of currency)

c)

◊ reales sustantivo masculino plural (AmC fam) ( dinero) cash (colloq)

real 1 adj (no ficticio) real: fue una sensación muy real, it was a very vivid feeling
una historia basada en hechos reales, a true-life story ➣ Ver nota en actual
real 2 adj (relativo a la realeza) royal
' real' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
academia
- actual
- águila
- alteza
- armar
- batalla
- berenjenal
- bien
- bocazas
- botadura
- buena
- bueno
- caballero
- calvario
- campeonato
- comistrajo
- cómitre
- concreta
- concreto
- conquistador
- conquistadora
- corte
- desengañarse
- desperdicio
- efectiva
- efectivo
- elemento
- espectáculo
- esperpento
- expolio
- follón
- gaita
- guardia
- hecha
- hecho
- histórica
- histórico
- inmobiliaria
- inmobiliario
- inmueble
- jalea
- joya
- lacrimógena
- lacrimógeno
- legítima
- legítimo
- macho
- maestría
- mentir
- muy
English:
AA
- actual
- bumpkin
- chalk up
- character
- deduce
- dinosaur
- doll
- dope
- drip
- dump
- effective
- eye-opener
- go-getter
- godsend
- going-over
- golden eagle
- gut
- heyday
- hick
- hole
- host
- juggling act
- live
- loony
- mine
- misery
- mismatch
- nothing
- nut
- peacock
- predicament
- pushover
- real
- real estate
- real-life
- RN
- royal
- shirt
- sight
- snuff movie
- state
- sweat
- telling-off
- term
- thrashing
- to-do
- tough
- trial
- true

* * *

real

♦ adj

1. [verdadero] real;

existe un peligro real de que explote there is a real danger that it may explode;

una historia real a true story

2. [de la realeza] royal

Comp
Real Academia Española (de la Lengua) = institution that sets lexical and grammatical standards for Spanish;
real decreto = name given to acts passed by the Spanish parliament when appearing in the official gazette;
Hist royal decree;
Comp
Fam
por real decreto: tenemos que volver a casa a las diez por real decreto it has been decreed that we should be back home by ten o'clock

♦ nm

1. [moneda] [de Brasil] real;
Hist [de España]= old Spanish coin worth one quarter of a peseta;
Comp

cuatro reales: lo compró por cuatro reales she bought it for next to nothing;

Comp

no tener un real not to have a penny to one's name;

Comp

no valer un real to be worthless

2. Comp

sentar el real, sentar los reales [ejército] to set up camp;
[persona] to settle down
* * *

real

I adj

1 ( regio) royal

2 ( verdadero) real

II m fig

:

(a)sentar sus reales set up camp

* * *

real adj

1) : real, true

2) : royal

* * *

real adj

1. (auténtico) true / real

está basado en hechos reales it's based on a true story

el mundo real the real world

2. (del rey) royal

el palacio real the royal palace

Spanish-English dictionary > real
84 अनसूय _anasūya _यक _yaka

अनसूय यक a. [न. ब.] Free from malice, not envi- ous, not spiteful; श्रद्दधानो$नसूयश्च Ms.4.158; श्रद्धावाननसूयश्च शृणुयादपि यो नरः । Bg.18.71.

-या [न. त.]

1 Absence of envy, charity of disposition, freedom from spite or ill- will; न गुणान् गुणिनो हन्ति स्तौति चान्यगुणानपि । न हसेच्चान्यदो- षांश्च सानसूया प्रकीर्तिता.

-2 N. of a friend of Śakuntalā.

-3 N. of a daughter of Dakṣa.

-4 N. of Atri's wife, the highest type of chastity and wifely devotion. [She was very pious and given to austere devotion by virtue of which she had obtained miraculous powers. Several stories are told o illus- trate them. When the earth was devastated by a terrible drought which lasted for 1 years, Anasūyā created water, fruits, roots &c. by means of her ascetic powers and saved many lives. On one occasion when the sage Māṇḍavya was about to be impaled, the wife of a sage happened to touch the stake as she passed by, whereupon Māṇḍavya cursed her that she would become a widow at sunrise. She, however, prevented the sun from rising, and all actions of men being conse- quently stopped, the gods, sages &c. went to Anasūyā, her friend, who, by the force of her penance, made the sun rise without, at the same time, bringing widow- hood on her friend. Another legend is also told in which Anasūyā changed Brahmā, Viṣṇu and Maheśa into infants, when, at the instigation of their wives, they attempted to test her chastity, but restored them to their former shapes at the importunities of their humbled consorts. She is also said to have caused the three-streamed Ganges to flow down on the earth near the hermitage of her husband for the ablutions of sages; see R.13.51. In the Rāmāyaṇa she is represented as having been very kind and attentive to Sītā whom she favoured with sound motherly advice on the virtues of chastity, and at the time of her departure gave her an unguent (See R.12.27,14.14) which was to keep her beautiful for ever and to guard her person from the attempts of rapacious beasts, demons &c. She was the mother of the irascible sage Durvāsas]. सा त्वेवमुक्ता वैदेही त्वनसूयानसूयया Rām.2.18.1.

Sanskrit-English dictionary > अनसूय _anasūya _यक _yaka
85 искус

м.
trial, test; ( монашеский) novitiate, probation

он прошёл тяжёлый искус — he passed through a terrible ordeal

Русско-английский словарь Смирнитского > искус
86 a trece prin ciur şi prin dârmon / sită

to go through the test of adversity

to go / to pass through the mill

a fi trecut \a trece prin ciur şi prin dârmon / sită to have been / gone / passed through the mill

to know a thing or two

to be up to a thing or two

to know what's what

to be an old file

to be an artful dodger

to know the ropes

sl. to be up to snuff.

Română-Engleză dicționar expresii > a trece prin ciur şi prin dârmon / sită
87 AT

I) prep.

A. with dative.

I. Of motion;

1) towards, against;

Otkell laut at Skamkatli, bowed down to S.;

hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge against A.;

2) close atup to;

Brynjólfr gengr alit at honum, quite up to him;

þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters with him;

3) to, at;

koma at landi, to come to land;

ganga at dómi, to go into court;

4) along (= eptir);

ganga at stræti, to walk along the street;

dreki er niðr fór at ánni (went down the river) fyrir strauminum;

refr dró hörpu at ísi, on the ice;

5) denoting hostility;

renna (sœkja) at e-m, to rush at, assault;

gerði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog;

6) around;

vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a veil round one’s head;

bera grjót at e-m, to heap stones upon the body;

7) denoting business, engagement;

ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after horses, watching sheep;

fara at landskuldum, to go collecting rents.

II. Of position, &c.;

1) denoting presence at, near, by, upon;

at kirkju, at church;

at dómi, in court;

at lögbergi, at the hill of laws;

2) denoting participation in;

vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, wedding;

vera at vígi, to be an accessory in man-slaying;

3) ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at;

kvalararnir, er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him;

var þar at kona nökkur at binda (was there busy dressing) sár manna;

4) with proper names of places (farms);

konungr at Danmörku ok Noregi, king of;

biskup at Hólum, bishop of Holar;

at Helgafelli, at Bergþórshváli;

5) used ellipt. with a genitive, at (a person’s) house;

at hans (at his house) gisti fjölmenni mikit;

at Marðar, at Mara’s home;

at hins beilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church;

at Ránar, at Ran’s (abode).

III. Of time;

1) at, in;

at upphafi, at first, in the beginning;

at skilnaði, at parting, when they parted;

at páskum, at Easter;

at kveldi, at eventide;

at þinglausnum, at the close of the Assembly;

at fjöru, at the ebb;

at flœðum, at the floodtide;

2) adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr’;

at ári komanda, next year;

at vári, er kemr, next spring;

generally with ‘komanda’ understood;

at sumri, hausti, vetri, vári, next summer, &c.;

3) used with an absolute dative and present or past part.;

at sér lifanda, duing his lifetime;

at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all;

at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the hearing of the chief;

at upprennandi sólu, at sunrise;

at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks are past;

at honum önduðum, after his death;

4) denoting uninterrupted succession, after;

hverr at öðrum, annarr at öðrum, one after another;

skildu menn at þessu, thereupon, after this;

at því (thereafter) kómu aðrar meyjar.

IV. fig. and in various uses;

1) to, into, with the notion of destruction or change;

brenna (borgina) at ösku, to burn to ashes;

verða at ormi, to become a snake;

2) for, as;

gefa e-t at gjöf, as a present;

eiga e-n at vin, to have one as friend;

3) by;

taka sverð at hjöltum, by the hilt;

draga út björninn at hlustunum, by the ears;

kjósa at afli, álitum, by strength, appearrance;

4) as regards as to;

auðigr at fé, wealthy in goods;

vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face;

5) as a law term, on the grounds of, by reason of;

ryðja ( to challenge) dóm at mægðum, kvið at frændsemi;

6) as a paraphrase of a genitive;

faðir, móðir at barni (= barns, of a child);

aðili at sök = aðili sakar;

7) with adjectives denoting colour, size, age, of;

hvítr, svartr, rauðr at lit, while, black, red of colour;

mikill, lítill at stœrð, vexti, tall, small of stature;

tvítugr at aldri, twenty years of age;

kýr at fyrsta, öðrum kálfi, a cow that has calved once, twice;

8) determining the source from which anything comes, of, from;

Ari nam ok marga frœði at Þuríði (from her);

þiggja, kaupa, geta, leigja e-t at e-m, to receive, buy, obtain, borrow a thing from one;

hafa veg (virðing) styrk at e-m, to derive honour, power, from one;

9) according, to, after (heygðr at fornum sið);

at ráði allra vitrustu manna, by the advice of;

at landslögum, by the law of the land;

at vánum, as was to be expected;

at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave;

10) in adverbial phrases;

gróa (vera grœddr) at heilu, to be quite healed;

bíta af allt gras at snøggu, quite bare;

at fullu, fully;

at vísu, surely;

at frjálsu, freely;

at eilífu, for ever and ever;

at röngu, at réttu, wrongly, rightly;

at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same;

at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent.

B. with acc., after, upon (= eptir);

sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, to take the inheritance after his father;

eiga féránsdóm at e-n, to hold a court of execution upon a person;

at þat (= eptir þat), after that, thereafter;

connected with a past part. or a., at Gamla fallinn, after the fall of Gamli;

at Hrungni dauðan, upon the death of Hrungnir.

II)

1) as the simple mark of the infinitive, to;

at ganga, at ríða, at hlaupa, to walk, to ride, to run;

2) in an objective sense;

hann bauð þeim at fara, sitja, he bade (ordered) them to go, sit;

gefa e-m at eta, at drekka, to give one to eat, to drink;

3) denoting design or purpose, in order to (hann gekk í borg at kaupa silfr).

III)

1) demonstrative particle before a comparative, the, all the, so much the;

hón grét at meir, she wept the more;

þykkir oss at líkara, all the more likely;

þú ert maðr at verri (so much the worse), er þú hefir þetta mælt;

2) rel. pron., who, which, that (= er);

þeir allir, at þau tíðindi heyrðu, all those who heard;

sem þeim er títt, at ( as is the custom of those who) kaupferðir reka.

IV)

conj., that;

1) introducing a subjective or objective clause;

þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, it happened once that H.;

vilda ek, at þú réðist austr í fjörðu, I should like you to go;

2) relative to svá, denoting proportion, degree;

svá mikill lagamaðr, at, so great a lawyer, that;

3) with subj., denoting end or purpose, in order that (skáru þeir fyrir þá (viz. hestana) melinn, at þeir dœi eigi af sulti);

4) since, because, as (= því at);

5) connected with þó, því, svá;

þó at (with subj.), though, although;

því at, because, for;

svá at, so that;

6) temp., þá at (= þá er), when;

þegar at (= þegar er), as soon as;

þar til at (= þar til er), until, till;

áðr at (= á. en), before;

7) used superfluously after an int. pron. or adv.;

Ólafr spurði, hvern styrk at hann mundi fá honum, what help he was likely to give him;

in a relative sense; með fullkomnum ávexti, hverr at (which) þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða.

V)

negative verbal suffix, = ata; var-at, was not.

VI)

n. an incited conflict or fight ( see etja);

odda at, Yggs at, battle.

* * *

1.

and að, prep., often used ellipt. dropping the case and even merely as an adverb, [Lat. ad; Ulf. at = πρός and παρά, A. S. ät; Engl. at; Hel. ad = apud; O. H. G. az; lost in mod. Germ., and rare in Swed. and Dan.; in more freq. use in Engl. than any other kindred language, Icel. only excepted]:—the mod. pronunciation and spelling is að (aþ); this form is very old, and is found in Icel. vellum MSS. of the 12th century, e. g. aþ, 623. 60; yet in earlier times it was sounded with a tenuis, as we may infer from rhymes, e. g. jöfurr hyggi at | hve ek yrkja fat, Egill: Sighvat also makes it rhyme with a t. The verse by Thorodd—þar vastu at er fjáðr klæðið þvat (Skálda 162)—is hardly intelligible unless we accept the spelling with an aspirate (að), and say that þvað is = þvá = þváði, lavabat; it may be that by the time of Thorodd and Ari the pure old pronunciation was lost, or is ‘þvat’ simply the A. S. þvât, secuit? The Icelanders still, however, keep the tenuis in compounds before a vowel, or before h, v, or the liquids l, r, thus—atyrða, atorka, athöfn, athugi, athvarf, athlægi; atvinna, atvik; atlaga, atlíðanði ( slope), atriði, atreið, atróðr: but aðdjúpr, aðfinsla (critic), aðferð, aðkoma, aðsókn, aðsúgr (crowding), aðgæzla. In some words the pronunciation is irregular, e. g. atkvæði not aðkv-; atburðr, but aðbúnaðr; aðhjúkran not athjúkran; atgörvi not aðgörfi. At, to, towards; into; against; along, by; in regard to; after.

Mostly with dat.; rarely with acc.; and sometimes ellipt.—by dropping the words ‘home,’ ‘house,’ or the like—with gen.

WITH DAT.

A. LOC.

I. WITH MOTION; gener. the motion to the borders, limits of an object, and thus opp. to frá:

1. towards, against, with or without the notion of arrival, esp. connected with verbs denoting motion (verba movendi et eundi), e. g. fara, ganga, koma, lúta, snúa, rétta at…; Otkell laut at Skamkatli, O. louted (i. e. bowed down) towards S., Nj. 77, Fms. xi. 102; sendimaðrinn sneri ( turned) hjöltum sverðsins at konungi, towards the king, i. 15; hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge towards A., Nj. 220; rétta e-t at e-m, to reach, hand over, Ld. 132; ganga at, to step towards, Ísl. ii. 259.

2. denoting proximity, close up to, up to; Brynjólfr gengr … allt at honum, B. goes quite up to him, Nj. 58; Gunnarr kom þangat at þeim örunum, G. reached them even there with his arrows, 115; þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters, id.; reið maðr at þeim (up to them), 274; þeir höfðu rakit sporin allt at ( right up to) gammanum, Fms. i. 9; komu þeir at sjó fram, came down to the sea, Bárð. 180.

3. without reference to the space traversed, to or at; koma at landi, to land, Ld. 38, Fms. viii. 358; ríða at dyrum, Boll. 344; hlaupa at e-m, to run up to, run at, Fms. vii. 218, viii. 358; af sjáfarganginum er hann gekk at landinu, of the surf dashing against the shore, xi. 6; vísa ólmum hundi at manni, to set a fierce hound at a man, Grág. ii. 118; leggja e-n at velli, to lay low, Eg. 426, Nj. 117; hníga at jörðu, at grasi, at moldu, to bite the dust, to die, Njarð. 378; ganga at dómi, a law term, to go into court, of a plaintiff, defendant, or bystander, Nj. 87 (freq.)

4. denoting a motion along, into, upon; ganga at stræti, to walk along the street, Korm. 228, Fms. vii. 39; at ísi, on the ice, Skálda 198, Fms. vii. 19, 246, viii. 168, Eb. 112 new Ed. (á is perh. wrong); máttu menn ganga bar yfir at skipum einum, of ships alone used as a bridge, Fas. i. 378; at höfðum, at nám, to trample on the slain on the battle-field, Lex. Poët.; at ám, along the rivers; at merkiósum, at the river’s mouth, Grág. ii. 355; at endilöngu baki, all along its back, Sks. 100.

5. denoting hostility, to rush at, assault; renna at, hlaupa at, ganga, fara, ríða, sækja, at e-m, (v. those words), whence the nouns atrenna, athlaup, atgangr, atför, atreið, atsókn, etc.

β. metaph., kom at þeim svefnhöfgi, deep sleep fell on them, Nj. 104. Esp. of weather, in the impers. phrase, hríð, veðr, vind, storm görir at e-m, to be overtaken by a snow storm, gale, or the like; görði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog, Bárð. 171.

6. denoting around, of clothing or the like; bregða skikkju at höfði sér, to wrap his cloak over his head, Ld. 62; vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a snood round her head, 188; sauma at, to stick, cling close, as though sewn on; sauma at höndum sér, of tight gloves, Bs. i. 453; kyrtill svá þröngr sem saumaðr væri at honum, as though it were stitched to him, Nj. 214; vafit at vándum dreglum, tight laced with sorry tags, id.; hosa strengd fast at beini, of tight hose, Eg. 602; hann sveipar at sér iðrunum ok skyrtunni, he gathers up the entrails close to him and the skirt too, Gísl. 71; laz at síðu, a lace on the side, to keep the clothes tight, Eg. 602.

β. of burying; bera grjót at einum, to heap stones upon the body, Eg. 719; var gör at þeim dys or grjóti, Ld. 152; gora kistu at líki, to make a coffin for a body, Eb. 264, Landn. 56, Ld. 142.

γ. of summoning troops or followers; stefna at sér mönnum, to summon men to him, Nj. 104; stefna at sér liði, Eg. 270; kippa mönnum at sér, to gather men in haste, Ld. 64.

7. denoting a business, engagement; ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after after horses, watching sheep, Glúm. 362, Nj. 75; fara at fé, to go to seek for sheep, Ld. 240; fara at heyi, to go a-haymaking, Dropl. 10; at veiðum, a-hunting; at fuglum, a-fowling; at dýrum, a-sbooting; at fiski, a-fishing; at veiðiskap, Landn. 154, Orkn. 416 (in a verse), Nj. 25; fara at landskuldum, to go a-collecling rents, Eg. 516; at Finnkaupum, a-marketing with Finns, 41; at féföngum, a-plundering, Fms. vii. 78; ganga at beina, to wait on guests, Nj. 50; starfa at matseld, to serve at table, Eb. 266; hitta e-n at nauðsynjum, on matters of business; at máli, to speak with one, etc., Fms. xi. 101; rekast at e-m, to pursue one, ix. 404; ganga at liði sér, to go suing for help, Grág. ii. 384.

β. of festivals; snúa, fá at blóti, veizlu, brullaupi, to prepare for a sacrificial banquet, wedding, or the like, hence at-fangadagr, Eb. 6, Ld. 70; koma at hendi, to happen, befall; ganga at sínu, to come by one’s own, to take it, Ld. 208; Egill drakk hvert full er at honum kom, drained every horn that came to him, Eg. 210; komast at keyptu, to purchase dearly, Húv. 46.

8. denoting imaginary motion, esp. of places, cp. Lat. spectare, vergere ad…, to look or lie towards; horfði botninn at höfðanum, the bight of the bay looked toward the headland, Fms. i. 340, Landn. 35; also, skeiðgata liggr at læknum, leads to the brook, Ísl. ii. 339; á þann arminn er vissi at sjánum, on that wing which looked toward the sea, Fms. viii. 115; sár þau er horft höfðu at Knúti konungi, xi. 309.

β. even connected with verbs denoting motion; Gilsáreyrr gengr austan at Fljótinu, G. extends, projects to F. from the east, Hrafh. 25; hjá sundi því, er at gengr þingstöðinni, Fms. xi. 85.

II. WITHOUT MOTION; denoting presence at, near, by, at the side of, in, upon; connected with verbs like sitja, standa, vera…; at kirkju, at church, Fms. vii. 251, K. f). K. 16, Ld. 328, Ísl. ii. 270, Sks. 36; vera at skála, at húsi, to be in, at home, Landn. 154; at landi, Fms. i. 82; at skipi, on shipboard, Grág. i. 209, 215; at oldri, at a banquet, inter pocula; at áti, at dinner, at a feast, inter edendum, ii. 169, 170; at samförum ok samvistum, at public meetings, id.; at dómi, in a court; standa (to take one’s stand) norðan, sunnan, austan, vestan at dómi, freq. in the proceedings at trials in lawsuits, Nj.; at þingi, present at the parliament, Grág. i. 142; at lögbergi, o n the hill of laws, 17, Nj.; at baki e-m, at the back of.

2. denoting presence, partaking in; sitja at mat, to sit at meat, Fms. i. 241; vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, nuptials, Nj. 51, Ld. 70: a law term, vera at vígi, to be an accessory in manslaying, Nj. 89, 100; vera at e-u simply means to be about, be busy in, Fms. iv. 237; standa at máli, to stand by one in a case, Grág. ii. 165, Nj. 214; vera at fóstri, to be fostered, Fms. i. 2; sitja at hégóma, to listen to nonsense, Ld. 322; vera at smíð, to be at one’s work, Þórð. 62: now absol., vera at, to go on with, be busy at.

3. the law term vinna eið at e-u has a double meaning:

α. vinna eið at bók, at baugi, to make an oath upon the book by laying the band upon it, Landn. 258, Grág., Nj.; cp. Vkv. 31, Gkv. 3. 3, Hkv. 2. 29, etc.: ‘við’ is now used in this sense.

β. to confirm a fact (or the like) by an oath, to swear to, Grág. i. 9, 327.

γ. the law phrase, nefna vátta at e-u, of summoning witnesses to a deed, fact, or the like; nefna vátta at benjum, to produce evidence, witnesses as to the wounds, Nj., Grág.; at görð, Eg. 738; at svörum, Grág. i. 19: this summoning of witnesses served in old lawsuits the same purpose as modern pleadings and depositions; every step in a suit to be lawful must be followed by such a summoning or declaration.

4. used ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at; kvalararnir er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him; þar varstu at, you were there present, Skálda 162; at várum þar, Gísl. (in a verse): as a law term ‘vera at’ means to be guilty, Glúm. 388; vartattu at þar, Eg. (in a verse); hence the ambiguity of Glum’s oath, vask at þar, I was there present: var þar at kona nokkur ( was there busy) at binda sár manna, Fms. v. 91; hann var at ok smíðaði skot, Rd. 313; voru Varbelgir at ( about) at taka af, þau lög …, Fms. ix. 512; ek var at ok vafk, I was about weaving, xi. 49; þeir höfðu verit at þrjú sumur, they had been busy at it for three summers, x. 186 (now very freq.); koma at, come in, to arrive unexpectedly; Gunnarr kom at í því, G. came in at that moment; hvaðan komtú nú at, whence did you come? Nj. 68, Fms. iii. 200.

5. denoting the kingdom or residence of a king or princely person; konungr at Danmörk ok Noregi, king of…, Fms. i. 119, xi. 281; konungr, jarl, at öllum Noregi, king, earl, over all N., íb. 3, 13, Landn. 25; konungr at Dyflinni, king of Dublin, 25; but í or yfir England!, Eg. 263: cp. the phrase, sitja at landi, to reside, of a king when at home, Hkr. i. 34; at Joini, Fms. xi. 74: used of a bishop; biskup at Hólum, bishop of Hólar, Íb. 18, 19; but biskup í Skálaholti, 19: at Rómi, at Rome, Fbr. 198.

6. in denoting a man’s abode (vide p. 5, col. 1, l. 27), the prep. ‘at’ is used where the local name implies the notion of by the side of, and is therefore esp. applied to words denoting a river, brook, rock, mountain, grove, or the like, and in some other instances, by, at, e. g. at Hofi (a temple), Landn. 198; at Borg ( a castle), 57; at Helgafelli (a mountain), Eb. constantly so; at Mosfelli, Landn. 190; at Hálsi (a hill), Fms. xi. 22; at Bjargi, Grett. 90; Hálsum, Landn. 143; at Á ( river), 296, 268; at Bægisá, 212; Giljá, 332; Myrká, 211; Vatnsá, id.; þverá, Glúm. 323; at Fossi (a ‘force’ or waterfall), Landn. 73; at Lækjamoti (waters-meeting), 332; at Hlíðarenda ( end of the lithe or hill), at Bergþórshváli, Nj.; at Lundi (a grove), at Melum (sandhill), Landn. 70: the prep. ‘á’ is now used in most of these cases, e. g. á Á, á Hofi, Helgafelli, Felli, Hálsi, etc.

β. particularly, and without any regard to etymology, used of the abode of kings or princes, to reside at; at Uppsölum, at Haugi, Alreksstöðum, at Hlöðum, Landn., Fms.

γ. konungr lét kalla at stofudyrum, the king made a call at the hall door, Eg. 88; þeir kölluðu at herberginu, they called at the inn, Fms. ix. 475.

7. used ellipt. with a gen., esp. if connected with such words as gista, to be a guest, lodge, dine, sup (of festivals or the like) at one’s home; at Marðar, Nj. 4; at hans, 74; þingfesti at þess bóanda, Grág. i. 152; at sín, at one’s own home, Eg. 371, K. Þ. K. 62; hafa náttstað at Freyju, at the abode of goddess Freyja, Eg. 603; at Ránar, at Ran’s, i. e. at Ran’s house, of drowned men who belong to the queen of the sea, Ran, Eb. 274; at hins heilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church, Fms. vi. 63: cp. ad Veneris, εις Κίμωνος.

B. TEMP.

I. at, denoting a point or period of time; at upphafi, at first, in the beginning, Ld. 104; at lyktum, at síðustu, at lokum, at last; at lesti, at last, Lex. Poët., more freq. á lesti; at skilnaði, at parting, at last, Band. 3; at fornu, in times of yore, formerly, Eg. 267, D. I. i. 635; at sinni, as yet, at present; at nýju, anew, of present time; at eilífu, for ever and ever; at skömmu, soon, shortly, Ísl. ii. 272, v. l.

II. of the very moment when anything happens, the beginning of a term; denoting the seasons of the year, months, weeks, the hours of the day; at Jólum, at Yule, Nj. 46; at Pálmadegi, on Palm Sunday, 273; at Páskum, at Easter; at Ólafsvöku, on St. Olave’s eve, 29th of July, Fms.; at vetri, at the beginning of the winter, on the day when winter sets in, Grág. 1. 151; at sumarmálum, at vetrnáttum; at Tvímánaði, when the Double month (August) begins, Ld. 256, Grág. i. 152; at kveldi, at eventide, Eg. 3; at því meli, at that time; at eindaga, at the term, 395; at eykð, at 4 o’clock p. m., 198; at öndverðri æfi Abra hams, Ver. II; at sinni, now at once, Fms. vi. 71; at öðruhverju, every now and then.

β. where the point of time is marked by some event; at þingi, at the meeting of parliament (18th to the 24th of June), Ld. 182; at féránsdómi, at the court of execution, Grág. i. 132, 133; at þinglausnum, at the close of the parliament (beginning of July), 140; at festarmálum, eðr at eiginorði, at betrothal or nuptials, 174; at skilnaði, when they parted, Nj. 106 (above); at öllum minnum, at the general drinking of the toasts, Eg. 253; at fjöru, at the ebb; at flæðum, at flood tide, Fms. viii. 306, Orkn. 428; at hrörum, at an inquest, Grág. i. 50 (cp. ii. 141, 389); at sökum, at prosecutions, 30; at sinni, now, as yet, v. that word.

III. ellipt., or adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr,’ of the future time:

1. ellipt., komanda or the like being understood, with reference to the seasons of the year; at sumri, at vetri, at hausti, at vári, next summer, winter…, Ísl. ii. 242; at miðju sumri, at ári, at Midsummer, next year, Fas. i. 516; at miðjum vetri, Fms. iv. 237,

2. adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr;’ at ári komanda, Bárð. 177; at vári er kemr, Dipl. iii. 6.

IV. used with an absolute dat. and with a pres. part.:

1. with pres. part.; at morni komanda, on the coming morrow, Fms. i. 263; at sér lifanda, in vivo, in his life time, Grág. ii. 202; at þeim sofundum, illis dormientibus, Hkr. i. 234; at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all, Fms. x. 329; at úvitanda konungi, illo nesciente, without his knowledge, 227; at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the chief’s bearing, 235.

2. of past time with a past part. (Lat. abl. absol.); at hræjum fundnum, on the bodies being found, Grág. ii. 87; at háðum dómum ok föstu þingi, during the session, the courts being set, i. 484; at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks past, Band. 13; at svá búnu, so goru, svá komnu, svá mæltu (Lat. quibus rebus gestis, dictis, quo facto, dicto, etc.), v. those words; at úreyndu, without trial, without put ting one to the test, Ld. 76; at honum önduðum, illo mortuo.

3. ellipt. without ‘at;’ en þessum hlutum fram komnum, when all this has been done, Eb. 132.

V. in some phrases with a slight temp, notion; at görðum gildum, the fences being strong, Gþl. 387; at vörmu spori, at once, whilst the trail is warm; at úvörum, unawares, suddenly, Nj. 95, Ld. 132; at þessu, at this cost, on that condition, Eb. 38, Nj. 55; at illum leiki, to have a narrow escape, now við illan leik, Fms. ix. 473; at því, that granted, Grág. ii. 33: at því, at pessu, thereafter, thereupon, Nj. 76.

2. denoting succession, without interruption, one after another; hverr at öðrum, annarr maðr at öðrum, aðrir at öðrum; eina konu at annarri, Eg. 91, Fms. ii. 236, vi. 25, Bs. i. 22, 625. 80, H. E. i. 522.

C. METAPH. and in various cases:

I. denoting a transformation or change into, to, with the notion of destruction; brenna at ösku, at köldum kolum, to burn to ashes, to be quite destroyed, Fms. i. 105, Edda 3, Sturl. ii. 51: with the notion of transformation or transfiguration, in such phrases as, verða at e-u, göra e-t at e-u, to turn it into:

α. by a spell; verða at ormi, to become a snake, Fms. xi. 158; at flugdrekum, Gullþ. 7; urðu þau bönd at járni, Edda 40.

β. by a natural process it can often be translated by an acc. or by as; göra e-n at urðarmanni, to make him an outlaw, Eg. 728; græða e-n at orkumlamanni, to heal him so as to maim him for life, of bad treatment by a leech, Eb. 244: in the law terms, sár görist at ben, a wound turning into a ben, proving to be mortal, Grág., Nj.; verða at ljúgvætti, to prove to be a false evidence, Grág. i. 44; verða at sætt, to turn into reconciliation, Fms. i. 13; göra e-t at reiði málum, to take offence at, Fs. 20; at nýjum tíðindum, to tell as news, Nj. 14; verða fátt at orðum, to be sparing of words, 18; kveðr (svá) at orði, to speak, utter, 10; verða at þrifnaði, to geton well, Fms. vii. 196: at liði, at skaða, to be a help or hurt to one; at bana, to cause one’s death, Nj. 223, Eg. 21, Grág. ii. 29: at undrum, at hlátri, to become a wonder, a laughing-stock, 623. 35, Eg. 553.

II. denoting capacity, where it may be translated merely by as or for; gefa at Jólagjöf, to give for a Christmas-box, Eg. 516; at gjöf, for a present; at erfð, at láni, launum, as an inheritance, a loan; at kaupum ok sökum, for buying and selling, Ísl. ii. 223, Grág. i. 423; at solum, ii. 204; at herfangi, as spoil or plunder; at sakbótum, at niðgjöldum, as a compensation, weregeld, i. 339, ii. 171, Hkr. ii. 168; taka at gíslingu, to take as an hostage, Edda 15; eiga e-n at vin, at óvin, to have one as friend or foe, illt er at eiga þræl at eingavin, ‘tis ill to have a thrall for one’s bosom friend (a proverb), Nj. 77; fæða, eiga, at sonum (syni), to beget a son, Edda 8, Bs. i. 60 (but eiga at dóttur cannot be said); hafa möttul at yfirhöfn, Fms. vii. 201; verða nökkut at manni (mönnum), to turn out to be a worthy man; verða ekki at manni, to turn out a worthless person, xi. 79, 268.

2. in such phrases as, verða at orðum, to come towards, Nj. 26; var þat at erindum, Eg. 148; hafa at veizlum, to draw veizlur ( dues) from, Fms. iv. 275, Eg. 647; gora e-t at álitum, to take it into consideration, Nj. 3.

III. denoting belonging to, fitting, of parts of the whole or the like; vóru at honum (viz. the sword) hjölt gullbúin, the sword was ornamented with a hilt of gold, Ld. 330; umgörð at ( belonging to) sverði, Fs. 97 (Hs.) in a verse; en ef mór er eigi at landinu, if there be no turf moor belonging to the land, Grág. ii. 338; svá at eigi brotnaði nokkuð at Orminum, so that no harm happened to the ship Worm, Fms. x. 356; hvatki er meiðir at skipinu eðr at reiðinu eðr at viðum, damage done t o …, Grág. ii. 403; lesta ( to injure) hús at lásum, við eðr torfi, 110; ef land hefir batnað at húsum, if the land has been bettered as to its buildings, 210; cp. the phrase, göra at e-u, to repair: hamlaðr at höndum eðr fótum, maimed as to hands or feet, Eg. 14; heill at höndum en hrumr at fótum, sound in band, palsied in foot, Fms. vii. 12; lykill at skrá, a key belonging, fitting, to the latch; hurð at húsi; a key ‘gengr at’ ( fits) skrá; and many other phrases. 2. denoting the part by which a thing is held or to which it belongs, by; fá, taka at…, to grasp by …; þú tókt við sverði hans at hjöltunum, you took it by the bill, Fms. i. 15; draga út björninn at hlustum, to pull out the bear by the ears, Fas. ii. 237; at fótum, by the feet, Fms. viii. 363; mæla ( to measure) at hrygg ok at jaðri, by the edge or middle of the stuff, Grág. i. 498; kasta e-m at höfði, head foremost, Nj. 84; kjósa e-n at fótum, by the feet alone, Edda 46; hefja frændsemi at bræðrum, eða at systkynum, to reckon kinship by the brother’s or the sister’s side, Grág. i. 28; kjósa at afli, at álitum, by strength, sight, Gs. 8, belongs rather to the following.

IV. in respect of, as regards, in regard to, as to; auðigr at fé, wealthy of goods, Nj. 16, 30, 51; beztir hestar at reið, the best racehorses, 186; spekingr at viti, a man of great intellect, Ld. 124; vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face, Nj. 30, Bs. i. 61; kvenna vænst at ásjónu ok vits munum, of surpassing beauty and intellect, Ld. 122; fullkominn at hyggju, 18; um fram aðra menn at vinsældum ok harðfengi, of surpassing popularity and hardihood, Eb. 30.

2. a law term, of challenging jurors, judges, or the like, on account of, by reason of; ryðja ( to challenge) at mægðum, guðsifjum, frændsemi, hrörum …; at leiðarlengd, on account of distance, Grág. i. 30, 50, Nj. (freq.)

3. in arithm. denoting proportion; at helmingi, þriðjungi, fjórðungi, tíunda hluta, cp. Lat. ex asse, quadrante, for the half, third… part; máttr skal at magni (a proverb), might and main go together, Hkr. ii. 236; þú munt vera at því mikill fræðimaðr á kvæði, in the same proportion, as great, Fms. vi. 391, iii. 41; at e-s hluta, at… leiti, for one’s part, in turn, as far as one is con cerned, Grág. i. 322, Eg. 309, Fms. iii. 26 (freq.): at öðrum kosti, in the other case, otherwise (freq.) More gener., at öllu, öngu, in all (no) respects; at sumu, einhverju, nokkru, partly; at flestu, mestu, chiefly.

4. as a paraphrase of a genitive; faðir, móðir at barni (= barns); aðili at sök (= sakar a.); morðingi at barni (= barns), faðerni at barni (barns); illvirki at fé manna (cp. Lat. felo de se), niðrfall at sökum (saka), land gangr at fiskum (fiska), Fms. iv. 274, Grág. i. 277, 416, N. G. L. i. 340, K. Þ. K. 112, Nj. 21.

5. the phrase ‘at sér,’ of himself or in himself, either ellipt. or by adding the participle görr, and with the adverbs vel, ilia, or the like; denoting breeding, bearing, endowments, character …; væn kona, kurteis ok vel at sér, an accomplished, well-bred, gifted lady, Nj. I; vitr maðr ok vel at sér, a wise man and thoroughly good in feeling and bearing, 5; þú ert maðr vaskr ok vel at þér, 49; gerr at sér, accomplished, 51; bezt at sér görr, the finest, best bred man, 39, Ld. 124; en þó er hann svá vel at sér, so generous, Nj. 77; þeir höfðingjar er svá vóru vel at sér, so noble-minded, 198, Fms. i. 160: the phrase ‘at sér’ is now only used of knowledge, thus maðr vel að sér means clever, a man of great knowledge; illa að sér, a blockhead.

6. denoting relations to colour, size, value, age, and the like; hvitr, svartr, grár, rauðr … at lit, white, swarthy, gray, red … of colour, Bjarn. 55, 28, Ísl. ii. 213, etc.; mikill, lítill, at stærð, vexti, tall, small of size, etc.; ungr, gamall, barn, at aldri, young, old, a child of age; tvítugr, þrítugr … at aldri, twenty, thirty … years of age (freq.): of animals; kyr at fyrsta, öðrum … kálfi, a cow having calved once, twice…, Jb. 346: value, amount, currency of money, kaupa e-t at mörk, at a mark, N. G. L. 1. 352; ok er eyririnn at mörk, amounts to a mark, of the value of money, Grág. i. 392; verðr þá at hálfri murk vaðmála eyrir, amounts to a half a mark, 500.

β. metaph. of value, connected with verbs denoting to esteem, hold; meta, hafa, halda at miklu, litlu, vettugi, engu, or the like, to hold in high or low esteem, to care or not to care for (freq.): geta e-s at góðu, illu, öngu, to mention one favourably, unfavourably, indifferently … (freq.), prop. in connection with. In many cases it may be translated by in; ekki er mark at draumum, there is no meaning in dreams, no heed is to be paid to dreams, Sturl. ii. 217; bragð er at þá barnið finnr, it goes too far, when even a child takes offence (a proverb): hvat er at því, what does it mean? Nj. 11; hvert þat skip er vöxtr er at, any ship of mark, i. e. however small, Fms. xi. 20.

V. denoting the source of a thing:

1. source of infor mation, to learn, perceive, get information from; Ari nam ok marga fræði at Þuríði, learnt as her pupil, at her hands, as St. Paul at the feet of Gamaliel, (just as the Scotch say to speer or ask at a person); Ari nam at Þorgeiri afraðskoll, Hkr. (pref.); nema kunnáttu at e-m, used of a pupil, Fms. i. 8; nema fræði at e-m, xi. 396.

2. of receiving, acquiring, buying, from; þiggja e-t at e-m, to receive a thing at his hands, Nj. 51; líf, to be pardoned, Fms. x. 173; kaupa land at e-m, to buy it from, Landn. 72, Íb. II, (now af is more freq. in this sense); geta e-t at e-m, to obtain, procure at one’s hands, impetrare; þeirra manna er þeir megu þat geta at, who are willing to do that, Grág. i. I; heimta e-t at e-m (now af), to call in, demand (a debt, money), 279; fala e-t at e-m (now af), to chaffer for or cheapen anything, Nj. 73; sækja e-t at e-m, to ask, seek for; sækja heilræði ok traust at e-m, 98; leiga e-t at e-m (now af), to borrow, Grág. ii. 334; eiga e-t (fé, skuld) at e-m, to be owed money by any one, i. 399: metaph. to deserve of one, Nj. 113; eiga mikit at e-m, to have much to do with, 138; hafa veg, virðing, styrk, at, to derive honour, power from, Fms. vi. 71, Eg. 44, Bárð. 174; gagn, to be of use, Ld. 216; mein, tálma, mischief, disadvantage, 158, 216, cp. Eg. 546; ótta, awe, Nj. 68.

VI. denoting conformity, according to, Lat. secundum, ex, after; at fornum sið, Fms. i. 112; at sögn Ara prests, as Ari relates, on his authority, 55; at ráði allra vitrustu manna, at the advice of, Ísl. ii. 259, Ld. 62; at lögum, at landslögum, by the law of the land, Grág., Nj.; at líkindum, in all likelihood, Ld. 272; at sköpum, in due course (poet.); at hinum sama hætti, in the very same manner, Grág. i. 90; at vánum, as was to be expected, Nj. 255; at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave, Eg. 35; úlofi, Grág. ii. 215; at ósk, vilja e-s, as one likes…; at mun, id. (poet.); at sólu, happily (following the course of the sun), Bs. i. 70, 137; at því sem …, as to infer from …, Nj. 124: ‘fara, láta, ganga at’ denotes to yield, agree to, to comply with, give in, Ld. 168, Eg. 18, Fms. x. 368.

VII. in phrases nearly or quite adverbial; gróa, vera græddr, at heilu, to be quite healed, Bárð. 167, Eb. 148; bíta at snöggu, to bite it bare, Fms. xi. 6; at þurru, till it becomes dry, Eb. 276; at endilöngu, all along, Fas. ii; vinnast at litlu, to avail little, 655 x. 14; at fullu, fully, Nj. 257, Hkr. i. 171; at vísu, of a surety, surely, Ld. 40; at frjálsu, freely, 308; at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same, Hom. 80, Nj. 267; at röngu, wrongly, 686 B. 2; at hófi, temperately, Lex. Poët.; at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent; at hringum, utterly, all round, (rare), Fms. x. 389; at einu, yet, Orkn. 358; svá at einu, því at einu, allt at einu, yet, however, nevertheless.

VIII. connected with comparatives of adverbs and adjectives, and strengthening the sense, as in Engl. ‘the,’ so much the more, all the more; ‘at’ heldr tveimr, at ek munda gjarna veita yðr öllum, where it may be translated by so much the more to two, as I would willingly grant it to all of you; hon grét at meir, she grat (wept) the more, Eg. 483; þykir oss at líkara, all the more likely, Fms. viii. 6; þess at harðari, all the harder, Sturl. iii. 202 C; svá at hinn sé bana at nær, Grág. ii. 117; at auðnara, at hólpnara, the more happy, Al. 19, Grett. 116 B; þess at meiri, Fms. v. 64; auvirðismaðr at meiri, Sturl. ii. 139; maðr at vaskari, id.; at feigri, any the more fey, Km. 22; maðr at verri, all the worse, Nj. 168; ok er ‘at’ firr…, at ek vil miklu heldr, cp. Lat. tantum abest… ut, Eg. 60.

β. following after a negation; eigi at síðr, no less, Nj. 160, Ld. 146; eigi… at meiri maðr, any better, Eg. 425, 489; erat héra at borgnara, any the better off for that, Fms. vii. 116; eigi at minni, no less for that, Edda (pref.) 146; eigi at minna, Ld. 216, Fms. ix. 50; ekki at verri drengr, not a bit worse for that, Ld. 42; er mér ekki son minn at bættari, þótt…, 216; at eigi vissi at nær, any more, Fas. iii. 74.

IX. following many words:

1. verbs, esp. those denoting, a. to ask, enquire, attend, seek, e. g. spyrja at, to speer (ask) for; leita at, to seek for; gæta, geyma at, to pay attention to; huga, hyggja at; hence atspurn, to enquire, aðgæzla, athugi, attention, etc.

β. verbs denoting laughter, play, joy, game, cp. the Engl. to play at …, to laugh at …; hlæja, brosa at e-u, to laugh, smile at it; leika (sér) at e-u, to play at; þykja gaman at, to enjoy; hæða, göra gys at …, to make sport at …

γ. verbs denoting assistance, help; standa, veita, vinna, hjálpa at; hence atstoð, atvinna, atverk:—mode, proceeding; fara at, to proceed, hence atför and atferli:—compliance; láta, fara at e-u, v. above:— fault; e-t er at e-u, there is some fault in it, Fms. x. 418; skorta at e-u, to fall short of, xi. 98:—care, attendance; hjúkra at, hlýja at, v. these words:—gathering, collecting; draga, reiða, flytja, fá at, congerere:—engagement, arrival, etc.; sækja at, to attack; ganga at, vera at, to be about; koma at, ellipt. to arrive: göra at, to repair: lesta at, to impair (v. above); finna at, to criticise (mod.); telja at, id.: bera at, to happen; kveða at e-m, to address one, 625. 15, (kveða at (ellipt.) now means to pronounce, and of a child to utter (read) whole syllables); falla at, of the flood-tide (ellipt.): metaph. of pains or straits surrounding one; þreyngja, herða at, to press hard: of frost and cold, with regard to the seasons; frjósa at, kólna at, to get really cold (SI. 44), as it were from the cold stiffening all things: also of the seasons themselves; hausta, vetra að, when the season really sets in; esp. the cold seasons, ‘sumra at’ cannot be used, yet we may say ‘vára að’ when the spring sets in, and the air gets mild.

δ. in numberless other cases which may partly be seen below.

2. connected ellipt. with adverbs denoting motion from a place; norðan, austan, sunnan, vestan at, those from the north, east…; utan at, innan at, from the outside or inside.

3. with adjectives (but rarely), e. g. kærr, elskr, virkr (affectionate), vandr (zealous), at e-m; v. these words.

WITH ACC.

TEMP.: Lat. post, after, upon, esp. freq. in poetry, but rare in prose writers, who use eptir; nema reisi niðr at nið (= maðr eptir mann), in succession, of erecting a monument, Hm. 71; in prose, at þat. posthac, deinde, Fms. x. 323, cp. Rm., where it occurs several times, 2, 6, 9, 14, 18, 24, 28, 30, 35; sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, has to take the inheritance after his father, Grág. i. 170 new Ed.; eiga féránsdóm at e-n, Grág. i. 89; at Gamla fallinn, after the death of G., Fms. x. 382; in Edda (Gl.) 113 ought to be restored, grét ok at Oð, gulli Freyja, she grat (wept) tears of gold for her lost husband Od. It is doubtful if it is ever used in a purely loc. sense; at land, Grág. (Sb.)ii. 211, is probably corrupt; at hönd = á hönd, Grág. (Sb.) i. 135; at mót = at móti, v. this word.

☞ In compounds (v. below) at- or að- answers in turn to Lat. ad- or in- or con-; atdráttr e. g. denotes collecting; atkoma is adventus: it may also answer to Lat. ob-, in atburðr = accidence, but might also be compared with Lat. occurrere.

2.

and að, the mark of the infinitive [cp. Goth. du; A. S. and Engl. to; Germ. zu]. Except in the case of a few verbs ‘at’ is always placed immediately before the infinitive, so as to be almost an inseparable part of the verb.

I. it is used either,

1. as, a simple mark of the infinitive, only denoting an action and independent of the subject, e. g. at ganga, at hlaupa, at vita, to go, to run, to know; or,

2. in an objective sense when following such verbs as bjóða segja…, to invite, command …; hann bauð þeim at ganga, at sitja, be bade, ordered them to go, sit, or the like; or as gefa and fá; gefa e-m at drekka, at eta, to give one to drink or to eat, etc. etc.

β. with the additional notion of intention, esp. when following verba cogitandi; hann ætlaði, hafði í hyggju at fara, he had it in his mind to go (where ‘to go’ is the real object to ætlaði and hafði í hyggju).

3. answering to the Gr. ινα, denoting intention, design, in order to; hann gékk í borg at kaupa silfr, in order to buy, Nj. 280; hann sendi riddara sína með þeim at varðveita þær, 623. 45: in order to make the phrase more plain, ‘svá’ and ‘til’ are frequently added, esp. in mod. writers, ‘svá at’ and contr. ‘svát’ (the last however is rare), ‘til at’ and ‘til þess at,’ etc.

II. in the earlier times the infin., as in Greek and Lat., had no such mark; and some verbs remain that cannot be followed by ‘at;’ these verbs are almost the same in Icel. as in Engl.:

α. the auxiliary verbs vil, mun ( μέλλω), skal; as in Engl. to is never used after the auxiliaries shall, will, must; ek vil ganga, I will go; ek mun fara, (as in North. E.) I mun go; ek skal göra þat, I shall do that, etc.

β. the verbs kunna, mega, as in Engl. I can or may do, I dare say; svá hygginn at hann kunni fyrir sökum ráða, Grág. ii. 75; í öllu er prýða má góðan höfðingja, Nj. 90; vera má, it may be; vera kann þat, id.: kunnu, however, takes ‘at’ whenever it means to know, and esp. in common language in phrases such as, það kann að vera, but vera kann þat, v. above.

γ. lata, biðja, as in Engl. to let, to bid; hann lét (bað) þá fara, he let (bade) them go.

δ. þykkja, þykjast, to seem; hann þykir vera, he is thought to be: reflex., hann þykist vera, sibi videtur: impers., mér þykir vera, mibi videtur, in all cases without ‘at.’ So also freq. the verbs hugsa, hyggja, ætla, halda, to think, when denoting merely the act of thinking; but if there be any notion of intention or purpose, they assume the ‘at;’ thus hann ætlaði, hugði, þá vera góða menn, he thought them to be, acc. c. inf.; but ætlaði at fara, meant to go, etc.

ε. the verbs denoting to see, bear; sjá, líta, horfa á … ( videre); heyra, audire, as in Engl. I saw them come, I heard him tell, ek sá þá koma, ek heyrði hann tala.

ζ. sometimes after the verbs eiga and ganga; hann gékk steikja, be went to roast, Vkv. 9; eiga, esp. when a mere periphrasis instead of skal, móður sína á maðr fyrst fram færa (better at færa), Grág. i. 232; á þann kvið einskis meta, 59; but at meta, id. l. 24; ráða, nema, göra …, freq. in poetry, when they are used as simple auxiliary verbs, e. g. nam hann sér Högna hvetja at rúnum, Skv. 3. 43.

η. hljóta and verða, when used in the sense of must (as in Engl. he must go), and when placed after the infin.of another verb; hér muntu vera hljóta, Nj. 129; but hljóta at vera: fara hlýtr þú, Fms. 1. 159; but þú hlýtr at fara: verða vita, ii. 146; but verða at vita: hann man verða sækja, þó verðr (= skal) maðr eptir mann lifa, Fms. viii. 19, Fas. ii. 552, are exceptional cases.

θ. in poetry, verbs with the verbal neg. suffix ‘-at,’ freq. for the case of euphony, take no mark of the infinitive, where it would be indispensable with the simple verb, vide Lex. Poët. Exceptional cases; hvárt sem hann vill ‘at’ verja þá sök, eða, whatever he chooses, either, Grág. i. 64; fyrr viljum vér enga kórónu at bera, en nokkut ófrelsi á oss at taka, we would rather bear no crown than …, Fms. x. 12; the context is peculiar, and the ‘at’ purposely added. It may be left out ellipt.; e. g. þá er guð gefr oss finnast (= at finnast), Dipl. ii. 14; gef honum drekka (= at drekka), Pr. 470; but mostly in unclassical writers, in deeds, or the like, written nastily and in an abrupt style.

3.

and að, conj. [Goth. þatei = οτι; A. S. þät; Engl. that; Germ, dass; the Ormul. and Scot. at, see the quotations sub voce in Jamieson; in all South-Teutonic idioms with an initial dental: the Scandinavian idioms form an exception, having all dropped this consonant; Swed. åt, Dan. at]. In Icel. the Bible translation (of the 16th century) was chiefly based upon that of Luther; the hymns and the great bulk of theol. translations of that time were also derived from Germany; therefore the germanised form það frequently appears in the Bible, and was often employed by theol. authors in sermons since the time of the Reformation. Jón Vidalin, the greatest modern Icel. preacher, who died in 1720, in spite of his thoroughly classical style, abounds in the use of this form; but it never took root in the language, and has never passed into the spoken dialect. After a relative or demonstr. pronoun, it freq. in mod. writers assumes the form eð, hver eð, hverir eð, hvað eð, þar eð. Before the prep. þú (tu), þ changes into t, and is spelt in a single word attú, which is freq. in some MS.;—now, however, pronounced aððú, aððeir, aððið …, = að þú…, with the soft Engl. th sound. It gener. answers to Lat. ut, or to the relat. pron. qui.

I. that, relative to svá, to denote proportion, degree, so…, that, Lat. tam, tantus, tot…, ut; svá mikill lagamaðr, at…, so great a lawyer, that…, Nj. 1; hárið svá mikit, at þat…, 2; svá kom um síðir því máli, at Sigvaldi, it came so far, that…, Fms. xi. 95, Edda 33. Rarely and unclass., ellipt. without svá; Bæringr var til seinn eptir honum, at hann … (= svá at), Bær. 15; hlífði honum, at hann sakaði ekki, Fas. iii. 441.

II. it is used,

1. with indic, in a narrative sense, answering partly to Gr. οτι, Lat. quod, ut, in such phrases as, it came to pass, happened that …; þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, Nj. 2; þat var á palmdrottinsdag, at Ólafr konungr gékk út um stræti, Fms. ii. 244.

2. with subj. answering to Lat. acc. with infin., to mark the relation of an object to the chief verb, e. g. vilda ek at þú réðist, I wished that you would, Nj. 57.

β. or in an oblique sentence, answering to ita ut…; ef svá kann verða at þeir láti…, if it may be so that they might…, Fms. xi. 94.

γ. with a subj. denoting design, answering to ϊνα or Lat. ut with subj., in order that; at öll veraldar bygðin viti, ut sciat totus orbis, Stj.; þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, at þeir dæi eigi af sulti, ut ne fame perirent, Nj. 265; fyrsti hlutr bókarinnar er Kristindómsbálkr, at menn skili, in order that men may understand, Gþl. p. viii.

III. used in connection with conjunctions,

1. esp. þó, því, svá; þó at freq. contr. þótt; svát is rare and obsolete.

α. þóat, þótt (North. E. ‘thof’), followed by a subjunctive, though, although, Lat. etsi, quamquam (very freq.); þóat nokkurum mönnum sýnist þetta með freku sett… þá viljum vér, Fms. vi. 21: phrases as, gef þú mér þó at úverðugri, etsi indignae (dat.), Stj. MS. col. 315, are unclass., and influenced by the Latin: sometimes ellipt. without ‘þó,’ eigi mundi hón þá meir hvata göngu sinni, at (= þóat) hon hraeddist bana sinn, Edda 7, Nj. 64: ‘þó’ and ‘at’ separated, svarar hann þó rétt, at hann svari svá, Grág. i. 23; þó er rétt at nýta, at hann sé fyrr skorinn, answering to Engl. yet—though, Lat. attamen —etsi, K. Þ. K.

β. því at, because, Lat. nam, quia, with indic.; því at allir vóru gerfiligir synir hans, Ld. 68; því at af íþróttum verðr maðr fróðr, Sks. 16: separated, því þegi ek, at ek undrumst, Fms. iii. 201; því er þessa getið, at þat þótti, it i s mentioned because …, Ld. 68.

γ. svá at, so that, Lat. ut, ita ut; grátrinn kom upp, svá at eingi mátti öðrum segja, Edda 37: separated, so … that, svá úsvúst at …, so bad weather, that, Bs. i. 339, etc.

2. it is freq. used superfluously, esp. after relatives; hver at = hverr, quis; því at = því, igitur; hverr at þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða, Fms. v. 159; hvern stvrk at hann mundi fá, 44; ek undrumst hvé mikil ógnarraust at liggr í þér, iii. 201; því at ek mátti eigi þar vera elligar, því at þar var kristni vel haldin, Fas. i. 340.

IV. as a relat. conj.:

1. temp, when, Lat. quum; jafnan er ( est) mér þá verra er ( quum) ek fer á braut þaðan, en þá at ( quum) ek kem, Grett. 150 A; þar til at vér vitum, till we know, Fms. v. 52; þá at ek lýsta (= þá er), when, Nj. 233.

2. since, because; ek færi yðr (hann), at þér eruð í einum hrepp allir, because of your being all of the same Rape, Grág. i. 260; eigi er kynlegt at ( though) Skarphéðinn sé hraustr, at þat er mælt at…, because (since) it is a saying that…, Nj. 64.

V. in mod. writers it is also freq. superfluously joined to the conjunctions, ef að = ef, si, (Lv. 45 is from a paper MS.), meðan að = meðan, dum; nema að, nisi; fyrst að = fyrst, quoniam; eptir að, síðan að, postquam; hvárt að = hvárt, Lat. an. In the law we find passages such as, þá er um er dæmt eina sök, at þá eigu þeir aptr at ganga í dóminn, Grág. i. 79; ef þing ber á hina helgu viku, at þat á eigi fyrir þeim málum at standa, 106; þat er ok, at þeir skulu reifa mál manna, 64; at þeir skulu með váttorð þá sök sækja, 65: in all these cases ‘at’ is either superfluous or, which is more likely, of an ellipt. nature, ‘the law decrees’ or ‘it is decreed’ being understood. The passages Sks. 551, 552, 568, 718 B, at lokit (= at ek hefi lokit), at hugleitt (= at ek hefi h.), at sent (= at ek hefi sent) are quite exceptional.

4.

and að, an indecl. relat. pronoun [Ulf. þatei = ος, ος αν, οστις, οσπερ, οιος, etc.; Engl. that, Ormul. at], with the initial letter dropped, as in the conj. at, (cp. also the Old Engl. at, which is both a conj. and a pronoun, e. g. Barbour vi. 24 in Jamieson: ‘I drede that his gret wassalage, | And his travail may bring till end, | That at men quhilc full litil wend.’ | ‘His mestyr speryt quhat tithings a t he saw.’—Wyntoun v. 3. 89.) In Icel. ‘er’ (the relat. pronoun) and ‘at’ are used indifferently, so that where one MS. reads ‘er,’ another reads ‘at,’ and vice versâ; this may easily be seen by looking at the MSS.; yet as a rule ‘er’ is much more freq. used. In mod. writers ‘at’ is freq. turned into ‘eð,’ esp. as a superfluous particle after the relative pron. hverr (hver eð, hvað eð, hverir eð, etc.), or the demonstr. sá (sá eð, þeir eð, hinir eð, etc.):—who, which, that, enn bezta grip at ( which) hafði til Íslands komið, Ld. 202; en engi mun sá at ( cui) minnisamara mun vera, 242; sem blótnaut at ( quae) stærst verða, Fms. iii. 214; þau tiðendi, at mér þætti verri, Nj. 64, etc. etc.

5.

n. collision (poët.); odda at, crossing of spears, crash of spears, Höfuðl. 8.

β. a fight or bait of wild animals, esp. of horses, v. hesta-at and etja.

6.

the negative verbal suffix, v. -a.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > AT
88 ha passato l'esame di guida al primo colpo

ha passato l'esame di guida al primo colpo

she passed her driving test first time round

\

→ colpo

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > ha passato l'esame di guida al primo colpo
89 superare vt

[supe'rare]
(limite, aspettative) to exceed, (traguardo, montagne) to cross, (esame) to pass, (muro) to get over, (fig : ostacolo, malattia, paura) to overcome, (rivale) to beat, surpass, outdo, (Auto : sorpassare) to overtake

il risultato ha superato le aspettative — the result exceeded expectations

sono certo che riusciremo a superare queste difficoltà — I'm sure we can overcome these difficulties

ha superato l'esame di guida — he's passed his driving test

superare i limiti di velocità — to exceed o break the speed limit

ha superato il limite di velocità — he broke the speed limit

superare qn in altezza/peso — to be taller/heavier than sb

ha superato la cinquantina — he's over fifty (years of age)

stavolta ha superato se stesso — this time he has surpassed himself

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > superare vt
90 выдерживать испытания

Выдерживать испытания-- All of the compounds passed the chew test.

Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > выдерживать испытания
91 подтверждать

Подтверждать - to support, to confirm, to affirm, to justify, to corroborate, to bear out; to provide support for, to lend support to, to give confirmation of, to give evidence (документально); to verify (проверкой); to validate (пригодность, справедливость); to acknowledge (получение чего-либо)
Here [ В этом случае], any prediction of bearing performance must be empirically validated.

Evidence from a large number of metallurgical sections of tools has provided considerable support for this type of flow pattern.

Next, a fixed pattern of streaks is established which gives further confirmation of the flow direction.

The single blown ring performance has been confirmed on four separate engines.

The supplier shall establish records which give evidence that the product has passed test with defined acceptance criteria.

— документально подтверждать

— дополнительно подтверждать

— лишний раз подтверждает правомерность

— многократно подтверждать

— нельзя ни подтвердить, ни опровергнуть

— подтверждать вывод

— подтверждать документально

— подтверждать необходимость

— подтверждать обоснование необходимости проведения

— подтверждать основной вывод о том, что

— подтверждать подозрения

— подтверждать получение письма

— подтверждать правильность

— подтверждать правомочность применения

— подтверждать предположение

— подтверждать пригодность

—подтверждать согласие на

— подтверждать справедливость

— подтверждать тем самым, что

— подтверждать точку зрения о том, что

— подтверждать этот вывод

— проверка подтвердила

— прошу подтвердить получение

— частично подтверждать

— что касается предположения о..., то последующие исследования его не подтвердили

— эти опасения нельзя ни подтвердить, ни опровергнуть

Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > подтверждать
92 проходить проверки

Проходить (все) проверки-- The new engine for the test flight passed all the checkout criteria with a good margin.

Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > проходить проверки
93 czwór|ka

f 1. (liczba) four 2. pot. (oznaczenie) (number) four
- mieszka pod czwórką he lives at number four

- dojeżdża do pracy czwórką he takes a (bus/tram) number four to get to work

- noszę czwórkę I wear (a) size four a. take a (size) four
3. (grupa) four
- czwórka koni a four-horse team

- dzieci maszerowały czwórkami the children went along in fours

- cała nasza czwórka zdała egzamin all four of us passed the exam
4. pot. (bieg w samochodzie) fourth
- dodaj gazu i wrzuć czwórkę speed up and change into fourth
5. Sport (łódka, załoga) four
- Polska czwórka bobslejowa the Polish bobsleigh four
6. (ocena) B
- dostał czwórkę z matematyki/klasówki he got a B for maths/the test
7. Druk. quarto 8. (w kartach) czwórka pik/trefl the four of spades/clubs
- wyjść czwórką to play a four

- □ czwórka redakcyjna Wydaw. acknowledgements page

The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > czwór|ka
94 pa|ła

f 1. augm. (gruby kij) thick stick, club; cosh pot.
- w rękach trzymali drewniane pały they held wooden clubs in their hands
2. augm. pot. (u policjanta) truncheon
- policjanci okładali demonstrantów pałami the police used truncheons to disperse the demonstrators

- „pałą go, pałą!” – krzyczeli do policjanta ‘cosh him!’, they shouted to the policeman
3. pot., Szkol. ≈ f
- z klasówki były same pały everyone failed the test
4. posp., pejor. (o głowie) nob pot., napper pot.; (o człowieku) thickhead pot., dimwit pot.
- ty tępa pało! przecież mówię do ciebie! I’m speaking to you, halfwit!

■ na pałę pot. (bez przygotowania) [odpowiedzieć, zapytać] off the cuff, off the top of one’s head

- poszedł na egzamin na pałę i zdał he came to the exam unprepared and passed

- ostrzyc się na pałę to have one’s head shaved

- mieć w pale pot. to be smashed a. pissed pot.

- w pale się nie mieści pot. (it’s) unbelievable

- to się w pale nie mieści, co on o was wygadywał you wouldn’t believe what he said a. was saying about you

The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > pa|ła
95 gainditu

du/ad.

1.

a. ( oztopoa, e.a.) to get over, overcome, surmount; oztopo guztiak \gainditu zituen he overcame all obstacles

b. ( ohitura txarra, e.a.) to get over; ez ditu haurtzaroko ohiturak zeharo \gainditu she hasn't got completely over her childhood habits

2.

a. ( lehiakidea) to surpass, outdo, do better than

b. ( espero dena) to exceed, surpass; aurrikuspen guztiak gainditu dira it exceeded all forecasts

c. ( etsaia) to overcome, vanguish

3.

a. ( muga, puntua) to go beyond

b. ( marka) to break

4. (Akad.) to pass; irakasgai guztiak \gainditu ditu she has passed all her subjects; euskarazko azterketa \gaindituko dutenek bakarrik egingo dituzte lehiaketa publikora atera diren postuak betetzeko gainontzeko probak only those who pass the Basque test will be able to go on to take the rest of the tests for the competitive civil service examination

5. ( gainezka egin) to fill up; Amaia gazte, polit, dohainez \gainditua Amaia is young, pretty, full of talent; bozkarioak dit bihotza \gainditu my heart's full of joy; zergaz \gainditua burdened with taxes da/ad.

1. to overflow; urak \gaindituak dira the banks have overflowed

2. (irud.) odol gainditzen zaionean when hot blood rushes to his head

Euskara Ingelesa hiztegiaren > gainditu
96 hipa

[n.]

bye (cricket term)
————————
[n.]

passed; go by; past
————————
pass (a test etc.)

Maori-English wordlist > hipa
97 Conseil

n. m. (abbr. Conseil de revision). Passer le Conseil: To pass the medical fitness test for the Army. (Although no-one in France enjoys going to do National Service, failing the Conseil de revision is very much a slur on one's manhood. Outside the premises where this examination is conducted, those who are passed fit are sold colourful badges bearing the words: 'Bon pour les filles et pour l'Armée'.)

Dictionary of Modern Colloquial French > Conseil
98 искус

1) ( испытание для вступающего в монахи) novitiate, probation

2) (строгое, суровое испытание кого-л.) test, ordeal, trial

он прошёл суровый искус — he passed through a terrible ordeal

Русско-английский словарь религиозной лексики > искус
99 искус

муж.

trial, test; novitiate, probation ( монашеский)

он прошел тяжелый искус — he passed through a terrible ordeal

Русско-английский словарь по общей лексике > искус
100 superare

vt [supe'rare]
(limite, aspettative) to exceed, (traguardo, montagne) to cross, (esame) to pass, (muro) to get over, (fig : ostacolo, malattia, paura) to overcome, (rivale) to beat, surpass, outdo, (Auto : sorpassare) to overtake

il risultato ha superato le aspettative — the result exceeded expectations

sono certo che riusciremo a superare queste difficoltà — I'm sure we can overcome these difficulties

ha superato l'esame di guida — he's passed his driving test

superare i limiti di velocità — to exceed o break the speed limit

ha superato il limite di velocità — he broke the speed limit

superare qn in altezza/peso — to be taller/heavier than sb

ha superato la cinquantina — he's over fifty (years of age)

stavolta ha superato se stesso — this time he has surpassed himself

Nuovo dizionario Italiano-Inglese > superare

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