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121 al-úð
f. and in old writers almost constantly ölúð (with changed vowel), alyð, Clem. 43, [a contracted form from al-hugð, -hugr], affection, sincerity, freq. in mod. Icel. in this sense. But in old writers prop. used of hospitality, in such phrases as, taka við e-m með ö., to give a hearty reception to, Ld. 196, Fær. 156, Fs. 15; veita með ö., to give hospitable treatment, Fms. vi. 120.β. affection; hann gaf mér hringinn með mikilli ö., Fms. ii. 171; sakir gæzku þeirrar ok alúðar ( affection) er Guð hafði við Abraham, for the sake of that kindness and love which God had toward Abraham, Ver. 78; Björn spyr tíðinda heldr tómliga af engri a., coolly, Bjarn. 53. Mod. also alúðliga, adv. heartily; alúðligr, adj. kind, hearty.COMPDS: alúðarmaðr, alúðarvinr. -
122 al-þýða
u, f. the public, people; svá at a. vissi, Sd. 167; sagði þá allri alþýðu, told all people, Eg. 271.β. people assembled in a body; er þat bænarstaðr minn til allrar alþýðu, all the assembled commons, Nj. 189, Fms. i. 33.γ. í alþýðu lífi, in common life, 655 xxi. 3. With gen., a. manna = öll a., everybody, the overwhelming majority, bulk of people assembled, Eg. 193, where it is used of the household; a. manna var á brott farin, nearly all people had left, 220; a. manna gerðu (pl.) góðan róm at máli hans, the whole meeting cheered his speech, Fms. vii. 242. It is now almost solely used of the common people, allt fólk, bæði ríka menn ( wealthy) ok alþýðu, Fms. v. 113; cp. alþýðis-fólk.COMPDS: alþýðudrykkja, alþýðuleið, alþýðulof, alþýðumaðr, alþýðumál, alþýðuskap, alþýðutal, alþýðuvápn, alþýðuvegr, alþýðuvirðing, alþýðuvitni, alþýðuþyss. -
123 ANDA
* * *(að), v. to breathe, live (meðan þeir megu anda);refl. andast, to breathe one’s last, die.* * *að, [Ulf. has us-anan = ἐκπνειν; cp. Gr. ανεμος, wind, and Lat. animus, anima, spirit, breath: the Germans say geist, spirit, and athmen, spirare: Ulf. translates πνευμα by ahma, νους by aha; Hel. spiritus by gêst and athom, whence Germ. athmen: cp. Swed. ånd, ånde, spiritus, spirare.]I. act. to breathe, and of the wind, to waft; meðan þeir megu anda ok upp standa, Bs. i. 224, Karl. 95; Þórðr andar nú handan, Sturl. i. 21 (in a verse).II. dep. andast, to breathe one’s last, expire; Mörðr Gígja tók sótt ok andaðist, Fiddle Mord ‘took sick’ and breathed his last, Nj. 29; en ef svá ferr at ek öndumk, but if it fares so that I die. Eg. 127; þar hefir andast faðir minn, Fas. iii. 619. Part. andaðr, dead; hón var þá onduð, had breathed her last, Ld. 16; jarlinn vai þá a., Fms. i. 149. -
124 and-skoti
and annskoti, a, m. [and-, adversus; skjóta, skoti], prop. an opponent, adversary, one who ‘shoots from the opposite ranks;’ a. lýðs várs ok laga várra, 655 xvi. B; þeir höfðu heyrt at andskotar þeirra vildi verja þeim vígi þingvöllinn, they had heard that their adversaries would keep them by a fight from the parliament field, Íb. ch. 7; eigi mun ek vera í andskota flokki móti honum, Fms. v. 269. 2. metaph. a fiend, devil, transl. of Satan, now only used in that sense and in swearing; nú hefir a. fundit færi á at freista yðvar, Post. 656; far í brott a., ϋπαγε Σατανα, 146; a. ok þeir englar er eptir honumhurfu, Ver. I; dökvir þik, anskoti (voc.), 623. 31, Hom. 108, 109, K. Á. 20.COMPD: andskotaflokkr. -
125 and-streymr
adj. running against stream; metaph. difficult, cross; Sighvatr var heldr a. um eptirmálin, hard to come to terms with, Sturl. ii. 42; andstreym örlög, ill-fate, Al. 69; kvað Svein jafnan andstreyman verit hafa þeim frændum, had always set his face against, Orkn. 390. -
126 and-æfa
ð, [v. andóf; Ivar Aasen andöva and andov], a boating term, to paddle against tide, current, and wind, so as to prevent the boat from drifting astern; þá féll á stormr svá mikill, at þeir fengu eigi betr en andæft, had nothing better than to lay to, Sturl. ii. 121; the vellum MSS. wrongly andhætt.2. metaph. in the corrupt form andæpta, to reply feebly against; with dat., ekki er þess getið at Þórðr andæpti þessari vísu, Th. returned no reply to this libel, Sturl. i. 22. Now absol. to speak in a disjointed way, to ejaculate; andæpti skáld upp úr móðu, fram eru feigs götur; skilja sköp, skamt er að landi, brosir bakki mót, of rhymed incoherent words of a poet in the act of sinking beneath the waves, vide Espól. Ísl. Árb. the year 1823, Sigurðr Breiðfjörð in a poem in the Smámunir. -
127 annt
I) a. n., e-m er annt, eager, anxious;mörgum var annt heim, many were eager to get home;hví mun honum svá annt at hitta mik, why is he so eager?ekki er annt um þat, it is not pressing;hvat er nú annt mínum einga syni, what has my only son at heart?sagði sér annt (that he was busy) um daga;vera annt til e-s, to be eager for.* * *n. adj. [önn], in such phrases as, vera a. um e-t, to be busy, concerned, eager, anxious about, Hkr. i. 115; mörgum var a. heim, many were eager to get home, Fms. xi. 278; hví mun honum svá a. at hitta mik, why is he so eager? Eg. 742; ekki er a. um þat, it is not pressing, Sd. 174; Hánefr kvad sér a. um daga ( had so much to do) svá at hann mátti þá eigi at vera, Rd. 241; vera annt til e-s, to be in a very great hurry, eager for, Fms. ii. 150, 41. Compar. annara, in impers. phrases, to be more eager, Fms. ii. 38; mér er ekki a. at vita forlög mín en fram koma, Fs. 19. Superl., vera annast til e-s, to be most eager, Fms. iii. 187: without prep., hvat er nú annt minum eingasyni, what hath my darling son at heart? Gg. 2. -
128 APTR
adv.1) back; fara (snúa, koma, senda, sœkja, hverfa) a., to go (turn etc.) back; reka a., to drive back, repel; kalla a., to recall, revoke;2) backwards; fram ok a., backwards and forwards, to and fro; þeir settu hnakka á bak sér a., they bent their necks backwards;3) lúka (láta) a., to shut, close; hlið, port, hurð er a., is shut;4) at the back, in the rear; þat er maðr fram, en dýr a., the fore part a man, the hind part of a beast; bæði a. ok fram, stem and stern (of a ship); Sigurðr sat a. á kistunni, S. sat aft on the stern-chest;5) again; Freyja vaknar ok snerist við ok sofnar a., and falls asleep again.* * *and aftr (aptar, N. G. L. i. 347), adv., compar. aptar, superl. aptast, [Ulf. aftra = πάλιν], the spelling with p is borne out by the Gr. αψ.I. Loc. back, back again:1. WITH MOTION, connected with verbs denoting to go or move, such as fara, ganga, koma, leiða, senda, snúa, sækja, etc., where aptr almost answers to Lat. re-, remittere, reducere, reverti …; gefa a., reddere; bera a., refellere; kalla a., revocare; reka a., repellere: a. hverfr lygi þá er sönnu mætir (a proverb), a lie turns back when it meets truth, Bs. i. 639. ‘aptr’ implies a notion a loco or in locum, ‘eptir’ that of remaining in loco; thus skila a. means remittere; skilja eptir, relinquere; taka a., recipere, in a bad sense; taka eptir, animum attendere; fara a., redire; vera e., remanere, etc.; fara, snúa, koma, senda, sækja, hverfa a., Nj. 260, 281, Fms. x. 395, iv. 300, Edda 30, Eg. 271, Eb. 4, Fs. 6; færa a., to repay, N. G. L. i. 20; snúast a., Lækn. 472. Without actual motion,—as of sounds; þeir heyrðu a. í rjóðrit óp, they heard shouting behind them, Fms. iv. 300; nú skal eigi prestr ganga svá langt frá kirkju at hann heyri eigi klokkur hljóð aftar (= aftr), he shall not go out of the sound of the bells, N. G. L. i. 347.β. backwards; fram ok a., to and fro (freq.); reið hann suðr aptr, rode back again, Nj. 29; aptr á bak, supine, bent or turned back, Eg. 380; þeir settu hnakka á bak sér a., bent their necks backwards in order to be able to see, Edda 30; skreiðast a. af hestinum, to slip down backwards from the croup of a horse, to dismount, Fs. 65.γ. connected with many verbs such as, láta, lúka a., to close, shut, opp. to láta, lúka upp, Fær. 264, Eg. 7, Landn. 162; in a reverse sense to Lat. recludere, reserere, rescindere, resolvere.2. WITHOUT MOTION = aptan, the hind part, the back of anything; þat er maðr fram ( superne), en dýr a., the fore part a man, the hind part a beast, 673. 2; síðan lagði hann at tennrnar a. við huppinn, he caught the hip with his teeth, Vígl. 21. The English aft when used of a ship; breði a. ok fram, stern and stem (of a ship), Fms. ix. 310; Sigurðr sat a. á kistunni, sate aft on the stern-chest, vii. 201; a. ok frammi, of the parts of the body (of a seal), Sks. 179. Compar. aptarr, farther back, Fms. vi. 76.II. TEMP. again, πάλιν, iterum: this use of the word, general as it is at present, hardly appears in old writers; they seem to have had no special expression for again, but instead of it said síðan, enn, or used a periphrase, á nýja leik, öðru sinni, annat sinn, or some other substitute. It is, however, very freq. in Goth. aftra = πάλιν, Swed. åter, Dan. atter; some passages in the Sagas come near to the mod. use, e. g. bæta a., restituere, to give back (but not temp.); segja friði a., to recal, N. G. L. i. 103; hann maelti at engi mundi þann fald a. falda, El. 20, uncertain whether loc. ( backward) or iterum, most likely the former. It is now used in a great many compounds, answering to Lat. re-, cp. also endr.
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