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1 Hurter, Ferdinand
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 15 March 1844 Schaffhausen, Switzerlandd. 5 March 1898[br]Swiss chemist who, with Vero Charles Driffield, established the basis of modern sensitometry in England.[br]Ferdinand Hurter worked for three years as a dyer's apprentice before entering the Polytechnic in Zurich; he transferred to Heidelberg, where he graduated in 1866. A year later he secured an appointment as a chemist for the British alkali manufacturing company, Gaskell, Deacon \& Co. of Widnes, Cheshire. In 1871 he was joined at the company by the young engineer Vero Charles Driffield, who was to become his co-worker. Driffield had worked for a professional photographer before beginning his engineering apprenticeship and it was in 1876, when Hurter sought to draw on this experience, that the partnership began. At this time the speed of the new gelatine halide dry plates was expressed in terms of the speed of a wet-collodion plate, an almost worthless concept as the speed of a collodion plate was itself variable. Hurter and Driffield sought to place the study of photographic emulsions on a more scientific basis. They constructed an actinometer to measure the intensity of sunlight and in 1890 published the first of a series of papers on the sensitivity of photographic plates. They suggested methods of exposing a plate to lights of known intensities and measuring the densities obtained on development. They were able to plot curves based on density and exposure which became known as the H \& D curve. Hurter and Driffield's work allowed them to express the characteristics of an emulsion with a nomenclature which was soon adopted by British plate manufacturers. From the 1890s onwards most British-made plates were identified with H \& D ratings. Hurter and Driffield's partnership was ended by the former's death in 1898.[br]Further ReadingW.B.Ferguson (ed.), 1920, The Photographic Researches of Ferdinand Hurter \& Vero C. Driffield, London: Royal Photographic Society reprinted in facsimile, with a new introd. by W.Clark, 1974, New York (a memorial volume; the most complete account of Hurter and Driffield's work, includes a reprint of all their published papers).JW -
2 Hurter And Driffield
Trademark term: HDУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Hurter And Driffield
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3 Hurter Driffield
Mathematics: HD -
4 batu tumbuk
hurter -
5 защитная тумба
Русско-английский словарь по строительству и новым строительным технологиям > защитная тумба
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6 упорная коробка
Русско-английский словарь по строительству и новым строительным технологиям > упорная коробка
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7 упорный брус
hurter, bumper post, buffer stopРусско-английский словарь по строительству и новым строительным технологиям > упорный брус
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8 karakteristika fotoemulzije
• hurter and driffield curve -
9 защитная тумба
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10 характеристическая кривая
1) Engineering: characteristic curve, sensitometric curve2) Railway term: diagram of performance3) Mining: family curve4) Cinema: D-log E curve5) Polygraphy: H&D curve, characteristic curve (светочувствительного материала)6) Information technology: curve7) Astronautics: performance curve8) Automation: characteristic, performance diagram, response curve9) Makarov: D-log E curve (фотографической эмульсии), H and D curve (Hurter and Driffield curve) (фотографической эмульсии), Hurter and Driffield curve (H and D curve) (фотографической эмульсии)10) Combustion gas turbines: characteristic length11) Sensitometry: H and D curve (кривая, выражающая в графической форме зависимость между оптическими плотностями проявленного фотографического слоя и логарифмами экспозиций, действовавших на слой), Hunter and Driffield curve (кривая, выражающая в графической форме зависимость между оптическими плотностями проявленного фотографического слоя и логарифмами экспозиций, действовавших на слой)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > характеристическая кривая
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11 надолба
1) Military: vertical post2) Automobile industry: hurter -
12 упор
1) General subject: arresting device, boss, catch, emphasis, hurter, jamb, jambeau, prop, rest, stop, support, (на что-л.) reliance, (тематический, идейный, рассказа) thrust3) Aviation: locking stop4) Naval: shore, spur, thrust force5) Sports: free support, lean, pin, rest (точка опоры ниже уровня плеч), support frontways, support position6) Engineering: abutment (напр. при натяжении арматуры), anvil, arrester, cam (кулачковый), detent, dog, dolly (полуприцепа), dowel handle, end stop (переменного резистора или конденсатора), fixed stop, limit stop, pawl, poppet, retainer, retainer plate, retaining plate, shoulder, stop block assembly, stop member, stop rail kit, tailstock (на моторной цепной пиле), thrust, (Komatsu) toplock pin7) History: fewter (для копья на седле)8) Chemistry: abut9) Construction: buffer stop, buffer-block, crutch, buffer10) Railway term: adjustable stop, arrest stop, cross bar, die, limit screw, stop shoulder (автосцепки), striking piece11) Automobile industry: arresting stop, back stop, backstop, block stop, dog block, locking plate, thrust block12) Architecture: abutment (при натяжении арматуры)13) Mining: horn14) Forestry: block (для гнутья древесины), check, distance piece (горячего пресса ДСП), lay-mark, stiff legs, stop bar15) Metallurgy: (задний) back stop, bump17) Textile: blade18) Oil: landing seat, tip (измерительного прибора)19) Mechanic engineering: register, snug, stop block20) Drilling: guard21) Oil&Gas technology seat23) Automation: bumper, cam dog, curb, locking, safety pawl, set edge, stop dog, stop piece, trip24) Plastics: stopper25) Robots: limit, limiter, mechanical constraint, stop dog (жёсткий)26) Arms production: bolt stop, stop pin (на складном ноже)27) General subject: bumper (педали стояночного тормоза), end of travel (till end of travel) (до конца хода; до упора), rest arm, stopper portion (муфты)28) Makarov: checking device, stiff leg, support (гимнастика), tailstock (на моторной, цепной пиле)29) Yachting: thrust (движителя)30) Aluminium industry: support lug (привариваемый на катодный кожух), supporting lip (привариваемый на катодный кожух)31) Electrical engineering: end stop (переменного резистора)32) Cement: thrust device (устройство с гидравлическим приводом возвращающее печь на место при осевом смещении) -
13 упорная коробка
Construction: hurter -
14 упорный брус
1) General subject: hurter2) Construction: buffer stop, buffer-block, bumper post, fender, mitre shooting block3) Railway term: bumping post, dead stop rail, stop block -
15 характеристическая кривая
characteristic curve, D-log E curve, Hurter and Driffield curve кфт., sensitometric curve, curve* * *Русско-английский политехнический словарь > характеристическая кривая
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16 характеристическая кривая
D-log E curve, ( фотографической эмульсии) Hurter and Driffield curveРусско-английский словарь по электронике > характеристическая кривая
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17 पलंकष
pala-ṉ-kasham. « flesh-hurter», a Rākshasa L. ;
a lion L. ;
the sea Gal.;
bdellium L. ;
(ā) f. N. of various plants (Asteracantha Longifolia, Butea Frondosa, Dolichos Sinensis etc.) Suṡr. L. ;
bdellium L. ;
red lac Bhpr. ;
a fly L.
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18 характеристическая кривая
D-log E curve, ( фотографической эмульсии) Hurter and Driffield curveРусско-английский словарь по радиоэлектронике > характеристическая кривая
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19 ограничителен буфер
жп.fixed bufferжп.fixed buffersжп.hurterБългарски-Angleščina политехнически речник > ограничителен буфер
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20 Deacon, Henry
[br]b. 30 July 1822 London, Englandd. 23 July 1876 Widnes, Cheshire, England[br]English industrial chemist.[br]Deacon was apprenticed at the age of 14 to the London engineering firm of Galloway \& Sons. Faraday was a friend of the family and gave Deacon tuition, allowing him to use the laboratories at the Royal Institution. When the firm failed in 1839, Deacon transferred his indentures to Nasmyth \& Gaskell on the Bridgewater Canal at Patricroft. Nasmyth was then beginning work on his steam hammer and it is said that Deacon made the first model of it, for patent purposes. Around 1848, Deacon joined Pilkington's, the glassmakers at St Helens, where he learned the alkali industry, which was then growing up in that district on account of the close proximity of the necessary raw materials, coal, lime and salt. Wishing to start out on his own, he worked as Manager at the chemical works of a John Hutchinson. This was followed by a partnership with William Pilkington, a former employer, who was later replaced by Holbrook Gaskell, another former employer. Deacon's main activity was the manufacture of soda by the Leblanc process. He sought improvement by substituting the ammonia-soda process, but this failed and did not succeed until it was perfected by Solvay. Deacon did, however, with his Chief Chemist F.Hurter, introduce improvements in the Leblanc process during the period 1866–70. Hydrochloric acid, which had previously been a waste product and a nuisance, was oxidized catalytically to chlorine; this could be converted with lime to bleaching powder, which was in heavy demand by the textile industry. The process was patented in 1870.[br]Further ReadingD.W.F.Hardie, 1950, A History of the Chemical Industry in Widnes, London. J.Fenwick Allen, 1907, Some Founders of the Chemical Industry, London.LRD
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См. также в других словарях:
Hurter — • Several members of this family detailed Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Hurter Hurter † … Catholic encyclopedia
Hurter — ist der Name von Ferdinand Hurter (1844–1898), Schweizer Chemiker und Fotografietheoretiker Friedrich Emanuel von Hurter (1787 1865), schweizerisch österreichischer Historiker Hugo Hurter (ab 1852 Hugo von Hurter Ammann; 1832–1914), Schweizer… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Hürter — ist der Familienname folgender Personen: Johannes Hürter (* 1963), deutscher Historiker Karl Joachim Hürter (* 1960), deutscher Hockeyspieler Marcel Hürter (* 1980), deutscher Politiker Diese Seite ist eine … Deutsch Wikipedia
Hurter — Hurt er, n. One who hurts or does harm. [1913 Webster] I shall not be a hurter, if no helper. Beau. & Fl. [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Hurter — Hurter, 1) Friedrich Emanuel von, österreich. Historiograph, geb. 19. März 1787 in Schaffhausen, gest. 27. Aug. 1865 in Graz, studierte in Göttingen Theologie, wurde 1824 Pfarrer und 1825 Antistes in Schaffhausen. Seine »Geschichte des Papstes… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Hurter — Hurt er, n. [F. heurtoir, lit., a striker. See {Hurt}, v. t.] A butting piece; a strengthening piece, esp.: (Mil.) A piece of wood at the lower end of a platform, designed to prevent the wheels of gun carriages from injuring the parapet. [1913… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Hurter — Hurt er, n. 1. A bodily injury causing pain; a wound, bruise, or the like. [1913 Webster] The pains of sickness and hurts . . . all men feel. Locke. [1913 Webster] 2. An injury causing pain of mind or conscience; a slight; a stain; as of sin.… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Hurter — Hurter, Friedrich Emanuel v. H., geb. 19. März 1787 in Schaffhausen, studirte seit 1804 Theologie in Göttingen u. wurde Antistes u. Dekan in Schaffhausen; sein vertrautes Verhältniß mit eifrigen Ultramentanen, wie Görres u. Jarke, die… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Hurter — Hurter, Friedr. von, Geschichtschreiber, geb. 19. März 1787 in Schaffhausen, 1835 Dekan das., trat 1844 zur kath. Kirche über, 1846 k. k. Historiograph zu Wien, gest. 27. Aug. 1865 zu Graz; schrieb: »Geschichte Innozenz III.« (4 Bde., 1834 42),… … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
Hurter — Hurter, Friedr. Emmanuel v., einer der ausgezeichnetsten Geschichtschreiber der Gegenwart, geb. 1787 zu Schaffhausen, studierte in Göttingen, wurde Landpastor, 1824 in seiner Vaterstadt angestellt, 1835 Antistes der Geistlichkeit seines Cantons… … Herders Conversations-Lexikon
Hurter — The von Hurter family belonged to the Swiss nobility; in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries three of them were known for their conversions to Roman Catholicism, their ecclesiastical careers in Austria and their theological writings.… … Wikipedia