huld

Huld <-> [hʊlt] f

kein pl ( veraltet

: Gunst) favour [or (Am) -or];

jdm seine \Huld erweisen to bestow one's favour on sb;

( Güte) graciousness, grace

f; -, kein Pl.; geh. altm. oder iro. grace, favo(u)r; (Güte) benevolence; in jemandes Huld stehen be in s.o.’s good graces; jemandem seine Huld schenken bestow one’s favo(u)r on s.o.

* * *

f -, no pl (old liter)

* * *

f kein pl (veraltet: Gunst) favour [or AM -or]

jdm seine \Huld erweisen to bestow one's favour on sb; (Güte) graciousness, grace

* * *

Huld f; -, kein pl; geh obs oder iron grace, favo(u)r; (Güte) benevolence;

in jemandes Huld stehen be in sb’s good graces;

jemandem seine Huld schenken bestow one’s favo(u)r on sb

I. (et):

[ ved godt huld] in good condition, stout;

[ tabe huldet] lose weight.

II. adj

( nådig) gracious;

( trofast) faithful, loyal;

( yndig) fair, sweet.

f. giantess, = trollkona.

* * *

f. the name of a giantess, cp. Gr. Καλυψώ. Huldar-Saga, u, f. the story of the giantess Huld, Sturl. iii. 304.

1. favor Am.

2. favour Br.

adj (liter) gracious

huld·voll adj (veraltend)

( geh) gracious; (a. iron) patronizing adv ( geh) graciously;

\huldvoll tun ( iron) to act patronizingly [or (Brit a.) -isingly]

f; nur Sg.

1. (Bereitschaft) readiness, inclination

2. geh. (Wohlwollen) good will

* * *

f -, no pl (geh)

* * *

1. (Wohlwollen) goodwill

▪ jds \Geneigtheit jdm gegenüber sb's goodwill towards sb

2. (Bereitwilligkeit) willingness

▪ jds \Geneigtheit, etw zu tun sb's willingness to do sth

* * *

Geneigtheit f; nur sg

1. (Bereitschaft) readiness, inclination

2. geh (Wohlwollen) good will

1. adj (old, liter)

2. adv (geh)

* * *

I. adj (veraltend geh) gracious; (a. iron) patronizing

II. adv (geh) graciously

\huldvoll tun (iron) to act patronizingly [or BRIT a. -isingly]

* * *

huldreich, huldvoll adj geh, obs oder iron gracious

* * *

1) flesh;

svörðr ok hold, skin and flesh;

bjarnar hold, bear’s flesh;

2) pl. fleshiness.

* * *

n. [A. S. hold; Dan. huld; Swed. hull], flesh; Ýmis hold, Vþm. 21; svörðr ok hold, skin and flesh, Eg. 770; þá var allt hold hans fúit ok öll klæði, Fms. iv. 110; þrútnar hörund eðr stekkr undan hold, Grág. ii. 15; hold né bein, Ephes. v. 30, Luke xxiv. 39; hold ok bein, flesh and bone; hold af mínu holdi, Gen. ii. 23: phrases, hold ok hjarta, flesh and heart, Hm. 95; hold ok hams, q. v.

2. edible flesh, meat = kjöt; beru hold, bear’s flesh, Vkv. 9; bjarnar hold, Sks. 191; lambs hold, lamb’s flesh, Hom. 82; hnísu hold, Fms. vii. 161.

3. plur. fleshiness, stoutness, fatness, esp. of cattle, Fbr. 17 new Ed.; ala fé svá at úhætt sé fyrir holda sakir, Grág. i. 431; at þat standi eigi fyrir holdum, 140; vera í góðum holdum, to be in good condition, freq.; góðu holdi (sing.), Bs. i. 350; hann er mesta holda hnyðja, of a fat person.

II. eccl. the flesh, rendering of Gr. σάρξ (whereas κρέας is rendered by kjöt); og þau munu eitt hold vera, Matth. xix. 5, 6; holds breiskleiki, Rom. vi. 19; vera í holdinu, to be in the flesh, vii. 5, 18, 25, viii. 1, 3, 9, 12, 13: opp. to andi, John iii. 6, vi. 63, 1 Cor. i. 26, 29; andinn er fúss en holdið er breiskt, Matth. xxvi. 41; eptir holdinu, after the flesh, John viii. 15, Acts ii. 30, Rom. i. 3, iv. 1, ix. 3, 8, 1 Cor. x. 18, 2 Cor. v. 16, Gal. vi. 12, Ephes. ii. 11; allt hold, all flesh, Luke iii. 6 John xvii. 2; hold og blóð, Matth. xvi. 17: kith, kin, mitt hold, Rom. xi. 14, Fms. x. 110:—in mod. usage also distinction is usually made between hold, flesh, and kjöt, meat.

COMPDS: holdsveiki, holdsveikr.

1) faithful, loyal (hollr e-m);

of the gods, gracious (holl regin);

2) wholesome, salutary (holl ráð).

* * *

adj. [hollari, hollastr; Ulf. hulþs, Luke xviii. 13; A. S. hold; O. H. G. and Germ. hold; Dan.-Swed. huld]:—of kings and chiefs, gracious; hull regin, Ls. 4; hollar vettir, Og. 10, Lex. Poët. passim; holl frændsemi, Eb. 116; vingaðr ok hollr e-m, Fs. 123; of subjects and followers, faithful, loyal; þú ert hollari Agli en Eireki konungi, Eb. 424; e-m hollost, Al. 71; sé Guð hollr þeim er heldr griðum, Grág. ii. 166, in the oath formula, where opp. to gramr; vera e-m h. ok trúr, Bs. i. 817, Lex. Poët. passim; vin-h., vil-h., favouring one.

II. of things, wholesome; heil ok holl ráð, 4. 11; hafa skal holl ráð hvaðan sem þau koma, a saying, = fas est et ab hoste doceri; holl forsjá, Fms. vi. 343; holl hirting, Al. 129; sjálfs hönd er hollost, a saying, Hkr. ii. 259.

2. so in medic. sense, þat er ekki hollt; ó-hollr, unwholesome.

adj. [Dan. venne-huld], true, steadfast as a friend, affectionate as a friend, Orkn. 460, Fms. vii. 103, passim.

2. = vinhallr, Fms. ix. 331 (if not an error, as is vice versa the Þorst. Síðu H. 171).

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `wax' (Od.).

Compounds: Often as 1. member, e. g. in κηρό-δε-τος `with wax fitted together' (Theoc. a. o.), κηρο-πλάσ-της `wax-sculptor' (Pl.), κηρο-τακ-ίς f. "hot plate", (to keep wax paints hot) ( PHolm. 6, 33; cf. Lagercrantz ad loc.); as 2. member e. g. in πισσό-κηρος m. `propolis, a mix of resin and wax, with which bees line their hives, bee-bread' (Arist., Plin.; beside it κηρό-πισσος `ointment from wax and resin' [Hp.], cf. Risch IF 59, 58), μελί-κηρος `bee-wax' (pap.); beside it: μελι-κήρ-ιον `honeycomb' (Sm.), μελι-κηρ-ίς `id.', metaph. `cyst or wen' (which resembles a honeycomb) (Hp., pap.), μελί-κηρᾰ f. `spawn of the murex' (Arist.).

Derivatives: 1. κηρίον `wax-cake, honeycomb' (IA. h. Merc. 559; Zumbach Neuerungen 11) with κηρίδιον (Aët.), κηριώδης `honeycomb-like' (Thphr.), κηρίωμα `tearing eyes' (S. Fr. 715), κηριάζω `spawn', of the purple (snail), as its spawn resembles a honeycomb (Arist.). - 2. κήρινος `of wax' (Alcm., Att.) with κηρίνη (sc. ἔμπλαστρος) name of a plaster (medic.); 3. κήρινθος m. `bee-bread' (Arist., Plin., H.; on the identical GN s. v. Blumenthal ZONF 13, 251); 4. κηρίων, - ωνος `wax-candle, -torch' (Plu., Gal.; Chantraine Formation 165, Schwyzer 487); 5. κηρών, - ῶνος `bee-hive' (sch.); 6. κηρίς fish-name = κιρρίς? (Diph. Siph., Alex. Trall.; s. κιρρός), prob. after the yellow colour; cf. Strömberg Fischnamen 20f., Thompson Fishes s. v.; 7. κηρῖτις ( λίθος) `wax-like stone' (Plin. HN 37, 153: "cerae similis"; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 55); 8. *κηροῦσσα in Lat. cērussa `white-lead' ( Plaut.; cf. W.-Hofmann s. v. and Friedmann Die jon. u. att. Wörter im Altlatein 94f.). - Denominative verbs: 1. κηρόομαι, - όω `be covered with wax resp. cover' (Hp., Herod., AP) with κήρωσις `bee-wax' (Arist.); κήρωμα `wax-ointment, -plaster' (Hp.; cf. Chantraine Formation 186f., Lat. cērōma), - ματικός, - ματίτης, - ματιστής (Redard 47); κηρωτή `id.' (Hp., Ar., Dsc.) with κηρωτάριον `id.' (medic.); 2. κηρίζω `look like wax' (Zos. Alch.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: The connexion by Curtius 149 with a Baltic word for `honeycomb', Lith. korỹs, Latv. kâre(s), is rejected or doubted by several scholars (Osthoff Etym. parerga 1, 18ff., Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. korỹs, Specht Ursprung 52). As a Dor. *κᾱρός cannot be shown (Osthoff l. c.) and as borrowing of IA. κηρός in another language cannot be demonstrated, the comparison seems impossible (Lith. has IE.ā, the Greek form ē). As further for the Indoeuropeans bee-culture can hardly be expected (on IE. names for the products of bees s. on μέλι and μέθυ), one must reckon for κηρός with foreign origin (cf. Haupt Actes du 16<sup>éme</sup> congr. des orientalistes [1912] 84f., Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 1, 140f., Chantraine Formation 371, Deroy Glotta 35, 190, Alessio Studi etr. 19, 161ff., Belardi Doxa 3, 210). - From κηρός prob. as LW [loanword] Lat. cēra (-a after tabella, crēta; details in W.-Hofmann s. v.); from Lat. cēreolus Gr. κηρίολος `wax-candle' (Ephesos II^p). The word κήρινθος `bee-bread' seems Pre-Greek. Wrong Huld in EIEC 637

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Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to slurp, to gulp', also nasalized ῥυμφάνω (Hp.; Bechtel Dial. 3, 198).

Other forms: Fut. ῥοφήσομαι, -ω, aor. ῥοφῆσαι (Ar., X., Arist.; also Hp.), Ion. (Hippon., Hp.) ῥυφέω, - ῆσαι, also ῥυμφάνω (Jouanna, RPh 55 (1981)205-13). Rarely - άω (late).

Compounds: Also w. ἐκ-, ἀνα-, κατα- a.o.

Derivatives: ῥόφ-ημα ( ῥύφ-) n. "dish, which is slurped", `thick broth, soup' (Hp., Arist.) with - ημάτιον (A. D.), - ηματώδης `soup-like' (medic.); - ησις ( ἀνα-, κατα-) f. `slurping' (Arist., medic.), - ητός `apt for slurping' (Str., medic.), - ητικός `slurping' (Str.); also ῥόμμα = ῥόφημα, ῥοπτός = ῥοφητός (Hp. ap. Gal.), as if from ῥόφω (EM); ῥόφισμα n. (Cyran.: *ῥοφίζω).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1001] * s(e)rbh- `slurp'.

Etymology: Iterative-intensive formation with many near cognates, which mostly represent a zero grade, IE *sr̥bh-; Arm. arbi `I drank' (pres. ǝmpem prob. to πίνω), Lith. surbiù, sur̃bti `suck', OCS srъbati, Russ. serbátь `slurp', Lat. sorbeō `id.'. Given these forms one is tempted to consider also ῥυφέω as zero grade (Schwyzer 351 f.). A primary full grade present is retained in Lith. srebiù, srė̃bti `eat (liquid food) wit a spoon', IE * srebh-; beside it IE * serbh- in Alb. gjerp `slurp' (the form seems to go back on *sorbʰ-eyō, Huld Alb. Etymologies 143). To a primary verb with remarkable o-vocalism (prob. after ῥοφέω) seem to go back also ῥόμμα, ῥοπτός. The widespread family is also found in German. (e.g. MHG sürpfeln, Swed. sörpla `slurp' with secondary pf resp. p) and in Iran. (Psht. rawdǝl `suck' a.o.; Morgenstierne Pashto s.v., Sarūpa- Bhāratī [1954] 1). -- WP. 2, 704, Pok. 1001, W.-Hofmann s. sorbeō, Fraenkel s. sur̃bti, Vasmer s. serbátь w. further forms a. lit. -- Cf. ῥυβδέω. -- The form ῥυφ- will rather be an (omomatop.?) byform.

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πραΰτης, ητος, ἡ (πραΰς; Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 123 §518 διὰ πραΰτητα; Aesop, Fab. 168 P.=94b H./247 Ch./H-H. 178; CIG 2788; LXX [Thackeray p. 91; 181]; Sextus 545) and older Gk (since Thu., also Appian, Basil. 1 §5; PLond 1912, 101 [41 A.D.]; Philo; Jos., Bell. 6, 383, Ant. 19, 334; IPol 2:1; 6:2), πραότης, ητος, ἡ (so in Ign. and Hermas, while in the NT πραΰτης is the predom. form and πραότης appears as v.l.; for the lit. s. πραΰς) the quality of not being overly impressed by a sense of one’s self-importance, gentleness, humility, courtesy, considerateness, meekness in the older favorable sense (s. πραΰς) w. ἐπιείκεια (Plut., Caesar 734 [57], and, occasionally, other qualities, as Lucian, Somn. 10; s. also Plut., Pyrrh. 398[23, 3]) 2 Cor 10:1 (RLeivestad, NTS 12, ’66, 156–64); 1 Cl 30:8; Dg 7:4; cp. Tit 3:2; 1 Cl 21:7. W. other virtues (Ps 44:5) Gal 5:23; Col 3:12; Eph 4:2; B 20:2; D 5:2; Hm 12, 3, 1. ἐν π. with or in gentleness (Sir 3:17; 4:8) 2 Ti 2:25; IPol 2:1; 6:2; with humility Js 1:21; 3:13 (ἐν πραΰτητι σοφίας in wise gentleness; cp. Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 79 §323 ἐπὶ σοφίᾳ τε καὶ πραότητι); ἐν εἰρήνῃ καὶ π. 1 Cl 61:2. Also μετὰ π. (so in PLond above) 1 Pt 3:16; Hm 5, 2, 6. As a characteristic of a bishop ITr 3:2 (as political virtue, s. LRobert, Hellenica 13, ’65, 223). The devil is thwarted by humility 4:2. πνεῦμα πραΰτητος 1 Cor 4:21; Gal 6:1.—AvHarnack, ‘Sanftmut, Huld und Demut’ in der alten Kirche: JKaftan Festschr. 1920, 113ff; JdeRomilly, La douceur dans la pensée grecque ’79; RAC III 206–31.—DELG s.v. πρᾶος. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.

χάρις, ιτος, ἡ (Hom.+) acc. quite predom. χάριν, but χάριτα Ac 24:27; 25:9 v.l.; Jd 4 and pl. χάριτας Ac 24:27 v.l.; 1 Cl 23:1 (Eur., Hel. 1378; Hdt. 6, 41; X., Hell. 3, 5, 16; ins, pap; Zech 4:7; 6:14; EpArist 272, pl. 230.—B-D-F §47, 3; W-S. §9, 7; Mayser 271f; Thackeray 150; Helbing 40f; Mlt-H. 132.—It seems that χάρις is not always clearly differentiated in mng. fr. χαρά; Apollodorus [II B.C.]: 244 Fgm. 90 Jac. says in the second book περὶ θεῶν: κληθῆναι δὲ αὐτὰς ἀπὸ μὲν τ. χαρᾶς Χάριτας• καὶ γὰρ πολλάκις … οἱ ποιηταὶ τ. χάριν χαρὰν καλοῦσιν ‘the [deities] Charites are so called from χαρά [joy], for poets freq. equate χάρις with χαρά’. Cp. the wordplay AcPl Ha 8, 7 χαρᾶς καὶ χάριτος the house was filled with gaiety and gratitude.).

① a winning quality or attractiveness that invites a favorable reaction, graciousness, attractiveness, charm, winsomeness (Hom.+; Jos., Ant. 2, 231) of human form and appearance παῖς λίαν εὐειδής ἐν χάριτι an exceptionally fine-looking and winsome youth AcPl Ha 3, 13. Of speech (Demosth. 51, 9; Ps.-Demetr. [I A.D.], Eloc. §127; 133; 135 al.; Eccl 10:12; Sir 21:16; Jos., Ant. 18, 208) οἱ λόγοι τῆς χάριτος (gen. of quality) the gracious words Lk 4:22. ὁ λόγος ὑμῶν πάντοτε ἐν χάριτι let your conversation always be winsome Col 4:6 (cp. Plut., Mor. 514f; s. also HAlmqvist, Plut. u. das NT ’46, 121f; Epict. 3, 22, 90). τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ χάριτος ἐπληροῦτο MPol 12:1 can also be placed here in case χάρις means nothing more than graciousness (s. 4 below); prob. also GJs 7:3 (s. 3b).

② a beneficent disposition toward someone, favor, grace, gracious care/help, goodwill (almost a t.t. in the reciprocity-oriented world dominated by Hellenic influence [cp. e.g. OGI 669, 29] as well as by the Semitic sense of social obligation expressed in the term חֶסֶד [NGlueck, Das Wort ḥesed in alttestamentlichen Sprachgebrauche etc. 1927]. Of a different order and spirit is the subset of reciprocity known as Roman patronage, in which superiority of the donor over the client is clearly maintained)

ⓐ act., that which one grants to another, the action of one who volunteers to do someth. not otherwise obligatory χάρις θεοῦ ἦν ἐπʼ αὐτό Lk 2:40. ἡ χάρις τοῦ θεοῦ (cp. τῇ τοῦ θεοῦ Κλαυδίου χάριτι OGI 669, 29) Ac 11:2 D; 14:26. τοῦ κυρίου 15:40.—Esp. of the beneficent intention of God (cp. χ. in reference to God: Apollon. Rhod. 3, 1005 σοὶ θεόθεν χάρις ἔσσεται; Dio Chrys. 80 [30], 40 χ. τῶν θεῶν; Ael. Aristid. 13 p. 320 D.; 53 p. 620; Sextus 436b; likew. in LXX, Philo, Joseph.; SibOr 4, 46=189; 5, 330; Ezk. Trag. 162 [Eus., PE 9, 29, 12].—χ. to denote beneficent dispensations of the emperor: OGI 669, 44 [I A.D.]; BGU 19 I, 21 [II A.D.] χάρ. τοῦ θεοῦ Αὐτοκράτορος; 1085 II, 4) and of Christ, who give (undeserved) gifts to people; God: δικαιούμενοι δωρεὰν τῇ αὐτοῦ χάριτι Ro 3:24. Cp. 5:15a, 20f; 6:1; 11:5 (ἐκλογή 1), 6abc; Gal 1:15 (διά A 3e); Eph 1:6f (KKuhn, NTS 7, ’61, 337 [reff. to Qumran lit.]); 2:5, 7, 8; cp. Pol 1:3; 2 Th 1:12; 2:16; 2 Ti 1:9; Tit 2:11 (ἡ χάρ. τοῦ θεοῦ σωτήριος; s. Dibelius, Hdb. exc. after Tit 2:14); 3:7; Hb 2:9 (χωρίς 2aα); 4:16a (DdeSilva, JBL 115, ’96, 100–103); 1 Cl 50:3; ISm 9:2; IPol 7:3. ἐν χάρ[ιτι θεοῦ] AcPl Ha 7, 23 (restoration uncertain). κατὰ χάριν as a favor, out of goodwill (cp. Pla., Leg. 740c; schol. on Soph., Oed. Col. 1751 p. 468 Papag.) Ro 4:4 (opp. κατὰ ὀφείλημα), 16.—The beneficence or favor of Christ: διὰ τῆς χάριτος τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ πιστεύομεν σωθῆναι Ac 15:11. Cp. Ro 5:15b; 2 Cor 8:9; 1 Ti 1:14; IPhld 8:1. On Ac 2:47 in this sense s. TAnderson, NTS 34, ’88, 604–10.

ⓑ pass., that which one experiences fr. another (Arrian, Anab. Alex. 3, 26, 4) χάριν ἔχειν have favor 3J 4 v.l. πρός τινα with someone=win his respect Ac 2:47 (cp. 2a end; cp. Pind., O. 7, 89f χάριν καὶ ποτʼ ἀστῶν καὶ ποτὶ ξείνων grant him respect in the presence of his townfolk as well as strangers); παρά τινι (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 89 §376) Hm 10, 3, 1, cp. 5, 1, 5. εὑρεῖν χάριν παρά τινι (Philo, Leg. All. 3, 77, end) Lk 1:30; Hs 5, 2, 10; ἐνώπιόν τινος Ac 7:46; GJs 11:2 (JosAs 15:14). ἐν τοῖς μέλλουσι μετανοεῖν among those who are about to repent Hm 12, 3, 3. Ἰησοῦς προέκοπτεν χάριτι παρὰ θεῷ καὶ ἀνθρώποις Lk 2:52 (an indication of exceptional ἀρετή, cp. Pind. above). Cp. Ac 4:33; 7:10 (ἐναντίον Φαραώ); Hb 4:16b.—ποία ὑμῖν χάρις ἐστίν; what credit is that to you? Lk 6:32–34; s. D 1:3; 2 Cl 13:4. Cp. 1 Cor 9:16 v.l. In these passages the mng. comes close to reward (s. Wetter [5 below] 209ff w. reff.).—Also by metonymy that which brings someone (God’s) favor or wins a favorable response fr. God 1 Pt 2:19, 20.

ⓒ In Christian epistolary lit. fr. the time of Paul χάρις is found w. the sense (divine) favor in fixed formulas at the beginning and end of letters (Zahn on Gal 1:3; vDobschütz on 1 Th 1:1; ELohmeyer, ZNW 26, 1927, 158ff; APujol, De Salutat. Apost. ‘Gratia vobis et pax’: Verb. Dom. 12, ’32, 38–40; 76–82; WFoerster, TW II ’34, 409ff; Goodsp., Probs. 141f. S. also the lit. s.v. χαίρω 2b). At the beginning of a letter χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη (sc. εἴη; New Docs 8, 127f) Ro 1:7; 1 Cor 1:3; 2 Cor 1:2; Gal 1:3; Eph 1:2; Phil 1:2; Col 1:2; 1 Th 1:1; 2 Th 1:2; Phlm 3; Rv 1:4; without ὑμῖν Tit 1:4. χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη πληθυνθείη 1 Pt 1:2; 2 Pt 1:2; 1 Cl ins. χάρις, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη 1 Ti 1:2; 2 Ti 1:2; 2J 3 (on the triplet cp. En 5:7 φῶς καὶ χάρις καὶ εἰρήνη).—At the end ἡ χάρις (τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ etc.) μεθʼ ὑμῶν (or μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν etc.) Ro 16:20, 23 (24) v.l.; 1 Cor 16:23; 2 Cor 13:13; Gal 6:18; Eph 6:24; Phil 4:23; Col 4:18; 1 Th 5:28; 2 Th 3:18; 1 Ti 6:21; 2 Ti 4:22; Tit 3:15; Phlm 25; Hb 13:25; Rv 22:21; 1 Cl 65:2. ἔσται ἡ χάρις μετὰ πάντων τῶν φοβουμένων τὸν Κύριον GJs 25:2. ὁ κύριος τῆς δόξης καὶ πάσης χάριτος μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματος ὑμῶν B 21:9. χάρις ὑμῖν, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη, ὑπομονὴ διὰ παντός ISm 12:2. ἔρρωσθε ἐν χάριτι θεοῦ 13:2.

③ practical application of goodwill, (a sign of) favor, gracious deed/gift, benefaction

ⓐ on the part of humans (X., Symp. 8, 36, Ages. 4, 3; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 49 §213; Dionys. Hal. 2, 15, 4) χάριν (-ιτα) καταθέσθαι τινί (κατατίθημι 2) Ac 24:27; 25:9. αἰτεῖσθαι χάριν 25:3 (in these passages from Ac χ. suggests [political] favor, someth. one does for another within a reciprocity system. Cp. Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 108 §506 ἐς χάριν Σύλλα=as a favor to Sulla; ApcSed 8:1 οὐκ ἐποίησάς μοι χάριν=you did me no favor). ἵνα δευτέραν χάριν σχῆτε that you might have a second proof of my goodwill 2 Cor 1:15 (unless χάρις here means delight [so in poetry, Pind. et al., but also Pla., Isocr.; L-S-J-M s.v. χάρις IV; cp. also the quot. fr. Apollodorus at the beg. of the present entry, and the fact that χαρά is v.l. in 2 Cor 1:15]; in that case δευτέρα means double; but s. comm.). Of the collection for Jerusalem (cp. Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 42 §173 χάριτας λαμβάνειν=receive gifts) 1 Cor 16:3; 2 Cor 8:4, 6f, 19 (DdeSilva, JBL 115, ’96, 101). Cp. B 21:7.—Eph 4:29 may suggest a demonstration of human favor (cp. Plut., Mor. 514e χάριν παρασκευάζοντες ἀλλήλοις), but a ref. to the means by which divine grace is mediated is not to be ruled out (s. b below).

ⓑ on the part of God and Christ; the context will show whether the emphasis is upon the possession of divine favor as a source of blessings for the believer, or upon a store of favor that is dispensed, or a favored status (i.e. standing in God’s favor) that is brought about, or a gracious deed wrought by God in Christ, or a gracious work that grows fr. more to more (so in contrast to the old covenant Mel., P. 3, 16 al.). God is called ὁ θεὸς πάσης χάριτος 1 Pt 5:10, i.e. God, who is noted for any conceivable benefit or favor; cp. B 21:9.—χάριν διδόναι τινί show favor to someone (Anacr. 110 Diehl; Appian, Ital. 5 §10): τὸν δόντα αὐτῷ τὴν χάριν GJs 14:2. ταπεινοῖς δίδωσι χάριν (Pr 3:34) Js 4:6b; 1 Pt 5:5; 1 Cl 30:2; without a dat. Js 4:6a (Menand., Epitr. 231 S. [55 Kö.]). Perh. καὶ ἔβαλλε κύριος … χάριν ἐπʼ αὐτήν GJs 7:3 (but s. 1 above). The Logos is πλήρης χάριτος J 1:14. Those who belong to him receive of the fullness of his grace, χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος vs. 16 (ἀντί 2). Cp. vs. 17. τὴν χάριν ταύτην ἐν ᾗ ἑστήκαμεν this favor (of God) we now enjoy Ro 5:2 (Goodsp.).—5:17; 1 Cor 1:4; 2 Cor 4:15 (divine beneficence in conversion); cp. Ac 11:23; 6:1; Gal 1:6 (by Christ’s gracious deed); 2:21; 5:4; Col 1:6; 2 Ti 2:1; Hb 12:15; 13:9; 1 Pt 1:10, 13; 3:7 (συνκληρονόμοι χάριτος ζωῆς fellow-heirs of the gift that spells life; s. ζωή 2bα); 5:12; 2 Pt 3:18; Jd 4; IPhld 11:1; ISm 6:2. Christians stand ὑπὸ χάριν under God’s gracious will as expressed in their release from legal constraint Ro 6:14f, or they come ὑπὸ τὸν ζυγὸν τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ 1 Cl 16:17 (ζυγός 1). The proclamation of salvation is the message of divine beneficence τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς χάριτος τοῦ θεοῦ Ac 20:24 or ὁ λόγος τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ (=τοῦ κυρίου) 14:3; 20:32. Even the gospel message can be called ἡ χάρις τοῦ θεοῦ 13:43; cp. 18:27; MPol 2:3. τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς χάριτος the Spirit from or through whom (God’s) favor is shown Hb 10:29 (AArgyle, Grace and the Covenant: ET 60, ’48/49, 26f).—Pl. benefits, favors (Diod S 3, 2, 4; 3, 73, 6; Sb 8139, 4 [ins of I B.C.] of Isis; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 190) 1 Cl 23:1.—Nelson Glueck, Das Wort ḥesed etc. 1927, but s. FAndersen, ‘Yahweh, the Kind and Sensitive God’: God Who is Rich in Mercy, ed. PO’Brien/DPeterson ’86.

④ exceptional effect produced by generosity, favor. Of effects produced by divine beneficence which go beyond those associated with a specific Christian’s status (ins μεγάλαι χάριτες τοῦ θεου: FCumont, Syria 7, 1926, 347ff), in the congregations of Macedonia 2 Cor 8:1 and Corinth 9:14; cp. vs. 8; in Rome AcPl Ha 7, 8. The Christian confessor is in full possession of divine grace ISm 11:1. Paul knows that through the χάρις of God he has been called to be an apostle, and that he has been fitted out w. the powers and capabilities requisite for this office fr. the same source: Ro 1:5; 12:3; 15:15; 1 Cor 3:10; 15:10ab (for the subject matter cp. Polyb. 12, 12b, 3 αὐτὸν [Alex. the Great] ὑπὸ τοῦ δαιμονίου τετευχέναι τούτων ὧν ἔτυχεν=whatever he has received he has received from what is divine. [For this reason he does not deserve any divine honors.]); 2 Cor 12:9; Gal 2:9; Eph 3:2, 7f; Phil 1:7.—The χάρις of God manifests itself in various χαρίσματα: Ro 12:6; Eph 4:7; 1 Pt 4:10. This brings into view a number of passages in which χάρις is evidently to be understood in a very concrete sense. It is hardly to be differentiated fr. δύναμις (θεοῦ) or fr. γνῶσις or δόξα (q.v. 1b. On this subj. s. Wetter [5 below] p. 94ff; esp. 130ff; pap in the GLumbroso Festschr. 1925, 212ff: χάρις, δύναμις, πνεῦμα w. essentially the same mng.; PGM 4, 2438; 3165; Herm. Wr. 1, 32; Just., D. 87, 5 ἀπὸ χάριτος τῆς δυνάμεως τοῦ πνεύματος). οὐκ ἐν σοφίᾳ σαρκικῇ ἀλλʼ ἐν χάριτι θεοῦ 2 Cor 1:12. οὐκ ἐγὼ δὲ ἀλλὰ ἡ χάρις τοῦ θεοῦ σὺν ἐμοί 1 Cor 15:10c. αὐξάνετε ἐν χάριτι καὶ γνώσει τοῦ κυρίου 2 Pt 3:18; cp. 1 Cl 55:3; B 1:2 (τῆς δωρεᾶς πνευματικῆς χάρις). Stephen is said to be πλήρης χάριτος καὶ δυνάμεως Ac 6:8. Divine power fills the Christian confessor or martyr w. a radiant glow MPol 12:1 (but s. 1 above). As the typical quality of the age to come, contrasted w. the κόσμος D 10:6.

⑤ response to generosity or beneficence, thanks, gratitude (a fundamental component in the Gr-Rom. reciprocity system; exx. fr. later times: Diod S 11, 71, 4 [χάριτες=proofs of gratitude]; Appian, Syr. 3, 12; 13. Cp. Wetter [below] p. 206f) χάριν ἔχειν τινί be grateful to someone (Eur., Hec. 767; X., An. 2, 5, 14; Pla., Phlb. 54d; Ath. 2, 1; PLips 104, 14 [I B.C.] χάριν σοι ἔχω) foll. by ὅτι (Epict. 3, 5, 10; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 270; 2, 49) Lk 17:9 (ERiggenbach, NKZ 34, 1923, 439–43); mostly of gratitude to God or Christ; χάρις in our lit. as a whole, in the sense gratitude, refers to appropriate respone to the Deity for benefits conferred (Hom., Pind., Thu. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; Jos., Ant. 7, 208) χάριν ἔχω τῷ θεῷ (POxy 113, 13 [II A.D.] χάριν ἔχω θεοῖς πᾶσιν.—Epict. 4, 7, 9) 2 Ti 1:3; foll. by ὅτι because 1 Ti 1:12 (Herm. Wr. 6, 4 κἀγὼ χάριν ἔχω τῷ θεῷ …, ὅτι; Jos., Ant. 4, 316); χάριν ἔχειν ἐπί τινι be grateful for someth. Phlm 7 v.l. (to humans). ἔχωμεν χάριν let us be thankful (to God) Hb 12:28 (the reason for it is given by the preceding ptc. παραλαμβάνοντες). Elliptically (B-D-F §128, 6; cp. Rob. 1201f) χάρις (ἔστω) τῷ θεῷ (X., Oec. 8, 16 πολλὴ χάρις τοῖς θεοῖς; Epict. 4, 4, 7 χάρις τῷ θεῳ; BGU 843, 6 [I/II A.D.] χάρις τοῖς θεοῖς al. in pap since III B.C..—Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 309) Ro 7:25; MPol 3:1. Foll. by ὅτι (X., An. 3, 3, 14 τοῖς θεοῖς χάρις ὅτι; PFay 124, 16 τοῖς θεοῖς ἐστιν χάρις ὅτι; Epict. 4, 5, 9) Ro 6:17. Foll. by ἐπί τινι for someth. (UPZ 108, 30 [99 B.C.]) 2 Cor 9:15. The reason for the thanks is given in the ptc. agreeing w. τῷ θεῷ 2:14; 8:16; 1 Cor 15:57 (cp. Jos., Ant. 6, 145; Philo, Somn. 2, 213). Thankfulness (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 15 §51 πρός τινα=toward someone) χάριτι in thankfulness 10:30. So prob. also ἐν τῇ χάριτι in a thankful spirit Col 3:16 (Dibelius, Hdb. ad loc.). πλησθῆναι χαρᾶς καὶ χάριτος AcPl Ha 8, 7. S. εὐχαριστέω, end. Also PSchubert, Form and Function of the Pauline Thanksgivings ’39.—OLoew, Χάρις, diss., Marburg 1908; GWetter, Charis 1913; AvHarnack, Sanftmut, Huld u. Demut in der alten Kirche: JKaftan Festschr. 1920, 113ff; NBonwetsch, Zur Geschichte des Begriffs Gnade in der alten Kirche: Harnack Festgabe 1921, 93–101; EBurton, Gal ICC 1921, 423f; WWhitley, The Doctrine of Grace ’32; JMoffatt, Grace in the NT ’31; RWinkler, D. Gnade im NT: ZST 10, ’33, 642–80; RHomann, D. Gnade in d. Syn. Ev.: ibid. 328–48; JWobbe, D. Charisgedanke b. Pls ’32; RBultmann, Theologie des NT ’48, 283–310 (Paul); HBoers, Ἀγάπη and Χάρις in Paul’s Thought: CBQ 59, ’97, 693–713; on 2 Cor 8: FDanker, Augsburg Comm. 2 Cor, 116–34; PRousselot, La Grâce d’après St. Jean et d’après St. Paul: SR 18, 1928, 87–108, Christent. u. Wissensch. 8, ’32, 402–30; JMontgomery, Hebrew Hesed and Gk. Charis: HTR 32, ’39, 97–102; Dodd 61f; TTorrance, The Doctrine of Grace in the Apost. Fathers, ’48; JRenié, Studia Anselmiana 27f, ’51, 340–50; CRSmith, The Bible Doctrine of Grace, ’56; EFlack, The Concept of Grace in Bibl. Thought: Bibl. Studies in Memory of HAlleman, ed. Myers, ’60, 137–54; DDoughty, NTS 19, ’73, 163–80.—B. 1166. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

ἐπιείκεια, ας, ἡ (s. next entry; W-H. ἐπιεικία; cp. Gignac I 297; Mlt-H. 348) the quality of making allowances despite facts that might suggest reason for a different reaction, clemency, gentleness, graciousness, courtesy, indulgence, tolerance (Thu.; Aristot., EN 5, 14; Ps.-Pla., Def. 412b; Polyb. 1, 14, 4; Herodian 5, 1, 6; ins, pap, LXX; En 5:6; Philo, Mos. 1, 198; Jos., Ant. 6, 144; 15, 48) IPhld 1:1. τῇ σῇ ἐ. with your (customary) indulgence Ac 24:4. τῇ ἐπιεικείᾳ by gentleness IEph 10:3. W. πραΰτης (Plut., Pericl. 173 [39, 1], Sertor. 581 [25, 6]; Appian, Basil. 1 §5; Philo, Op. M. 103) 2 Cor 10:1; Dg 7:4; 1 Cl 30:8; w. μακροθυμία 13:1; w. ταπεινοφροσύνη 30:8; 56:1. μετʼ ἐκτενοῦς ἐπιεικείας w. constant forbearance 58:2; 62:2. ἐν πάσῃ ἐ. θεοῦ ζῶντος w. all the courtesy of the living God IPhld 1:2 (ἐ. as attribute of God, Dio Chrys. 80 [30], 19; Wsd 12:18; Bar 2:27; Da 3:42; 2 Macc 2:22; EpArist 192; 207).—AvHarnack, ‘Sanftmut, Huld u. Demut’ in d. alten Kirche: JKaftan Festschr. 1920, 113ff; LMarshall, Challenge of NT Ethics ’47, 305–8; CSpicq, RB 54, ’47, 333–39; FAgostino, Epieikia 1973, esp. 100–137. S. πραΰτης end.—DELG s.v. ἔοικα. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.