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81 поселок
community, housing development, housing estate, township, village амер. -
82 Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 27 March 1886 Aachen, Germanyd. 17 August 1969 Chicago, USA[br]German architect, third of the great trio of long-lived, second-generation modernists who established the international style in the inter-war years and brought it to maturity (See Jeanneret (Le Corbusier) and Gropius).[br]Mies van der Rohe was the son of a stonemason and his early constructional training came from his father. As a young man he gained experience of the modern school from study of the architecture of the earlier leaders, notably Peter Behrens, Hendrik Berlage and Frank Lloyd Wright. He commenced architectural practice in 1913 and soon after the First World War was establishing his own version of modern architecture. His building materials were always of the highest quality, of marble, stone, glass and, especially, steel. He stripped his designs of all extraneous decoration: more than any of his contemporaries he followed the theme of elegance, functionalism and an ascetic concentration on essentials. He believed that architectural design should not look backwards but should reflect the contemporary achievement of advanced technology in both its construction and the materials used, and he began early in his career to act upon these beliefs. Typical was his early concrete and glass office building of 1922, after which, more importantly, came his designs for the German Pavilion at the Barcelona Exposition of 1929. These designs included his famous Barcelona chair, made from chrome steel and leather in a geometrical design, one which has survived as a classic and is still in production. Another milestone was his Tugendhat House in Brno (1930), a long, low, rectilinear structure in glass and steel that set a pattern for many later buildings of this type. In 1930 Mies followed his colleagues as third Director of the Bauhaus, but due to the rise of National Socialism in Germany it was closed in 1933. He finally left Germany for the USA in 1937, and the following year he took up his post as Director of Architecture in Chicago at what is now known as the Illinois Institute of Technology and where he remained for twenty years. In America Mies van der Rohe continued to develop his work upon his original thesis. His buildings are always recognizable for their elegance, fine proportions, high-quality materials and clean, geometrical forms; nearly all are of glass and steel in rectangular shapes. The structure and design evolved according to the individual needs of each commission, and there were three fundamental types of design. One type was the single or grouped high-rise tower, built for apartments for the wealthy, as in his Lake Shore Drive Apartments in Chicago (1948–51), or for city-centre offices, as in his Seagram Building in New York (1954–8, with Philip Johnson) or his Chicago Federal Centre (1964). Another form was the long, low rectangle based upon the earlier Tugendhat House and seen again in the New National Gallery in Berlin (1965–8). Third, there were the grouped schemes when the commission called for buildings of varied purpose on a single, large site. Here Mies van der Rohe achieved a variety and interest in the different shapes and heights of buildings set out in spatial harmony of landscape. Some examples of this type of scheme were housing estates (Lafayette Park Housing Development in Detroit, 1955–6), while others were for educational, commercial or shopping requirements, as at the Toronto Dominion Centre (1963–9).[br]Further ReadingL.Hilbersheimer, 1956, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Chicago: P.Theobald.Peter Blake, 1960, Mies van der Rohe, Architecture and Structure, Penguin, Pelican. Arthur Drexler, 1960, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, London: Mayflower.Philip Johnson, 1978, Mies van der Rohe, Seeker and Warburg.DYBiographical history of technology > Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig
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83 site
1. housing development (consisting of apartment blocks), Brit. housing estate. 2. large city. 3. hist. city-state. -
84 toplu
"1. (something) which has a knob or a knoblike protrusion on it. 2. collected, gathered; assembled: Sait Faik´in toplu eserleri the collected works of Sait Faik. 3. neat, tidy (place). 4. full, well filled out, plump. 5. comprehensive, all-inclusive. 6. collective, involving a group. 7. cumulative. 8. colloq. pin (used primarily in sewing). - görüşme collective bargaining. - iş sözleşmesi collective agreement (reached through collective bargaining). - konut housing development (consisting of apartment blocks), Brit. housing estate. - mezar mass grave. - sigorta group insurance. - tabanca six-shooter, six-gun, six-chambered revolver. - taşıma mass transportation, mass transport. " -
85 жилая застройка
1) Engineering: housing development2) Construction: apartment block, residential development3) Ecology: residential construction -
86 новостройка
1) General subject: new building, project, new housing development2) Construction: new building work3) Economy: new construction, recent development -
87 смешанный вид поселения
1) Engineering: mixed housing development2) Sociology: mixed developmentУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > смешанный вид поселения
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88 стройка
1) General subject: construction, construction project2) Engineering: building site, building up, building work, project3) Construction: building area, building yard4) Law: building lot5) Architecture: building, construction site, making, project site6) Business: development7) Makarov: housing development (дома, жилого квартала) -
89 Международная кооперативная ассоциация жилищного развития (МКАЖР)
Business: International Co-operative Housing Development Association (ICHDA)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Международная кооперативная ассоциация жилищного развития (МКАЖР)
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90 Федеральный фонд содействию развития жилищного строительства
Construction: Russian Housing Development Foundation (так на их официальном сайте http://www.fondrgs.ru)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Федеральный фонд содействию развития жилищного строительства
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91 выделять средства на новый жилой массив
General subject: bankroll a new housing developmentУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > выделять средства на новый жилой массив
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92 выделять средства на осуществление нового проекта застройки
Construction: bankroll a new housing developmentУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > выделять средства на осуществление нового проекта застройки
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93 застройка жилого квартала
Makarov: housing developmentУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > застройка жилого квартала
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94 новая застройка
1) Politics: redevelopment (вместо разрушенных зданий)2) EBRD: housing development -
95 опорная застройка
General subject: housing development with conservation of old buildings having historic and architectural value (существующие здания и сооружения, в том числе памятники архитектуры, сохраняемые при составлении генеральных планов развития города, про) -
96 план жилищного строительства
Economy: housing development planУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > план жилищного строительства
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97 проект жилой застройки
Architecture: housing development projectУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > проект жилой застройки
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98 финансировать строительство нового микрорайона
Construction: bankroll a new housing developmentУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > финансировать строительство нового микрорайона
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99 фонд РЖС
Non-profit-making organization: the Russian Housing Development Foundation (с официального сайта http://www.fondrgs.ru/en/ Федеральный фонд содействия развитию жилищного строительства) -
100 Международная кооперативная ассоциация жилищного развития
Business: (МКАЖР) International Co-operative Housing Development Association (ICHDA)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Международная кооперативная ассоциация жилищного развития
См. также в других словарях:
housing development — UK US noun [C] PROPERTY ► an area containing a large number of houses or apartments built close together at the same time: »Without this money a much needed housing development in one of the poorest areas of London cannot go ahead … Financial and business terms
housing development — housing developments N COUNT A housing development is a large number of houses or flats built close together at the same time … English dictionary
housing development — noun a residential area of similar dwellings built by property developers and usually under a single management they live in the new housing development • Hypernyms: ↑development • Hyponyms: ↑housing project, ↑public housing • Part Holonyms: ↑ … Useful english dictionary
Housing Development Finance Corporation — Création 1977 modifier … Wikipédia en Français
Housing Development Finance Corporation — Rechtsform Gründung 1977 Sitz Mumbai , Indien Branche Bankwesen Website … Deutsch Wikipedia
housing development — housing de,velopment noun count AMERICAN a large group of houses built at the same time and in the same style … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
Housing Development Finance Corporation — Infobox Company company name = HDFC Limited company company type = Public foundation = 1977 location = Ramon House, 169, Backbay Reclamation, Churchgate, flagicon|IndiaMumbai,India key people = D. S. Parekh (Chairman) industry = Housing Finance… … Wikipedia
housing development — hous′ing devel opment n. cvb development 5) • Etymology: 1950–55 … From formal English to slang
housing development — noun Date: 1951 a group of individual dwellings or apartment houses typically of similar design that are usually built and sold or leased by one management … New Collegiate Dictionary
housing development — a group of houses or apartments, usually of the same size and design, often erected on a tract of land by one builder and controlled by one management. [1950 55] * * * … Universalium
housing development — /ˈhaʊzɪŋ dəvɛləpmənt/ (say howzing duhveluhpmuhnt) noun a group of houses, units, etc., and their associated services, planned and built in accordance with a single master plan …