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1 Housing
In a country with a chronic housing shortage, it is ironic that Portugal has preserved and restored one of Europe's finest collections of historic castles and palaces. For decades, well before the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal has endured a shortage of decent, affordable housing, whether rented or purchased, as well as the growth of sprawling urban shantytowns outside Lisbon, Oporto, and smaller towns such as Estoril. Known as bairros da lata, literally, "neighborhoods or boroughs of tin," these poorly constructed dwellings lack electricity, water, or sewage systems. The flimsy buildings are made of any kind of building materials, including sheets of galvanized tin that serve as roofs, walls, and doors. As of the early 1980s, it was estimated that there were at least 700,000 illegally constructed buildings in Portugal, some 200,000 of which were in the greater Lisbon area, an example of the worst kind of urban sprawl. Many of these structures were built on unused private lands or on public lands.Even after Portugal's economy began to benefit from membership in the European Economic Community (EEC; later the European Union), a significant portion of housing remained substandard, whether in rural or urban areas. By the early 1990s, electrification in rural areas was still not complete, and running water and sewage systems were lacking. As of the early 21st century, improvement in housing has occurred, but with population growth and the arrival of migrants from Europe, Brazil, and former colonies in Africa, the basic components of a housing crisis persist: shortage of decent rental or purchased housings; persistent urban shantytowns, which in some areas have expanded; and substandard living conditions.A majority of the Portuguese people (60 percent; and in Lisbon and Oporto, 80 percent) rent their housing. Improving or expanding such rental housing has been challenging in part because of rigid recent control laws that, between 1948 and 1985, tended to discourage either the maintenance and improvement or the construction of apartments. In suburbs outside Lisbon, large apartment houses were built after 1980 for the more prosperous new urbanites, but, as in the past, the supply of good, affordable housing lagged behind demand. Many Portuguese governments confronted and engaged the housing problem, and some excellent reforms were instituted. The contemporary housing crisis nevertheless persists and, after 2007, was complicated by the worldwide economic crisis. -
2 станбени услови
housing conditions -
3 condiciones de habitabilidad
• housing conditionsDiccionario Técnico Español-Inglés > condiciones de habitabilidad
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4 asuntoolot
• housing conditions -
5 warunki mieszkaniowe
• housing conditionsSłownik polsko-angielski dla inżynierów > warunki mieszkaniowe
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6 жилищные условия
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7 жилищные условия
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь Масловского > жилищные условия
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8 жилищные условия
Русско-Английский новый экономический словарь > жилищные условия
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9 жилищные условия
housing conditionsРусско-английский справочник переводчика-международника > жилищные условия
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10 жилищный
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11 жилищные условия
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > жилищные условия
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12 asunto-olot
• housing conditions• housing -
13 житлові умови
housing conditions, habitantt -
14 Wohnverhältnisse
Pl. housing conditions* * *die Wohnverhältnissehousing conditions (Pl.); living conditions (Pl.)* * *Wohn|ver|hält|nis|sepl(von Familie) living conditions pl; (in Stadt) housing conditions pl* * *Wohn·ver·hält·nis·sepl ÖKON housing conditionsWohn- und Lebensverhältnisse housing and living conditions* * *Plural living conditions* * *Wohnverhältnisse pl housing conditions* * *Plural living conditions -
15 Wohnungsmiete
Wohnungsmiete
rent of a premise, rent of dwellings, apartment (US) (residential) rent, housing (home, US) rental;
• frei finanzierte Wohnungsmiete private rent;
• hohe Wohnungsmiete high housing rent;
• Wohnungsmietzuschuss rent subsidy;
• Wohnungsnachweis accommodation registry (Br.);
• Wohnungsneubauten housing starts;
• Wohnungsnot scarcity (shortage) of housing, housing shortage (famine, problem);
• Wohnungsproblem housing problem (question);
• Wohnungsprojekt apartment (US) (flat, Br.) project;
• Wohnungsqualität housing quality;
• bewirtschafteter Wohnungsraum controlled housing;
• fehlender Wohnungsraum housing gap;
• Wohnungsschwierigkeiten housing difficulties;
• Wohnungssituation housing position;
• Wohnungsstandard housing standard;
• Wohnungsstatistik housing statistics;
• Wohnungssuche house- (flat-, Br.) hunting;
• auf Wohnungssuche gehen to house-hunt, to flat-hunt;
• bei der Wohnungssuche behilflich sein to assist in finding [living] accommodation;
• Wohnungssuchender house-hunter, flat-hunter (Br.);
• Wohnungstausch exchange of dwellings;
• Wohnungsverhältnisse lodging (housing) conditions, living accommodation;
• beengte (beschränkte) Wohnungsverhältnisse close quarters, crowded conditions;
• Wohnungsvermieter landlord;
• Wohnungsvermietung flat-letting business (Br.);
• Wohnungsvermittlung accommodation registry (Br.);
• Wohnungsverordnung housing ordinance;
• Wohnungsverwalter housing manager;
• Wohnungswechsel change of address (residence), shift (Br.), flit (Br.);
• Wohnungswesen housing;
• ländliches Wohnungswesen rural housing;
• Wohnungswesen und Stadtentwicklung housing and urban development;
• Wohnungswirtschaft (Bewirtschaftung) housing control;
• Wohnungszuschuss lodging money (allowance), accommodation (housing) allowance, housing subsidy;
• Wohnungszuweisung lodging (housing) allocation;
• Wohnungszuweisungsschein lodging bill;
• Wohnungszwangswirtschaft housing control;
• Wohnungszwangswirtschaft aufheben to derequisition housing (Br.);
• für Wohnungszwecke ungeeignet unfit for habitation. -
16 Wohnverhältnisse
Wohnverhältnisse npl SOZ living conditions, housing conditions* * ** * *Wohnverhältnisse
housing conditions, living accommodation;
• beengte (beschränkte) Wohnverhältnisse overcrowded conditions, close quarters. -
17 habitation
habitation [abitasjɔ̃]feminine noun( = bâtiment) house► habitation à loyer modéré ( = appartement) ≈ council flat (Brit), ≈ public housing unit (US) ; ( = immeuble) ≈ council flats (Brit), ≈ housing project (US)* * *abitasjɔ̃1) ( construction) house, dwelling2) ( résidence) home3) ( fait d'habiter) livingimmeuble d'habitation — block of flats GB, apartment building US
•Phrasal Verbs:* * *abitasjɔ̃ nf1) (maison ou appartement) house, residence2) (= fait d'habiter) living* * *habitation nf1 ( construction) house, dwelling; on distinguait au loin quelques habitations we could make out a few houses ou dwellings in the distance; un groupe d'habitations a group of dwellings;2 ( résidence) home; une habitation bien située a well-sited property;habitation à loyer modéré, HLM ( appartement) ≈ council flat GB, low-rent apartment US; ( immeuble) ≈ block of council flats GB, low-rent apartment building US; ( maison) ≈ council house GB, low rent house US.ⓘ Habitation à loyer modéré A type of public housing, usually an apartment in an estate, available for a relatively low rent with an option to buy as long as the property is retained for a minimum of five years. HLM are built and managed either by public bodies, by the private sector supported by state loans, or by cooperatives. About 13 million people live in HLM.[abitasjɔ̃] nom fémininhabitation à loyer modéré → link=HLM HLM2. [domicile] residence3. [action d'habiter] livingles conditions d'habitation sont très difficiles living ou housing conditions are very hard -
18 hébergement
hébergement [ebεʀʒəmɑ̃]masculine nouna. ( = lieu) accommodation* * *ebɛʀʒəmɑ̃nom masculin1) ( commercial) accommodation2) ( social) housing* * *ebɛʀʒəmɑ̃ nm1) (= lieu) accommodation, lodging, (action d'héberger qn) taking in2) INFORMATIQUE hosting* * *hébergement nm1 ( commercial) accommodation; il faut augmenter la capacité d'hébergement touristique we have to increase the amount of tourist accommodation;2 ( social) housing; hébergement d'urgence emergency housing; les conditions d'hébergement des personnes âgées housing conditions for the elderly;3 ( de site web) hosting.[ebɛrʒəmɑ̃] nom masculin2. [action] lodging3. INFORMATIQUE -
19 Wohnungsbedarf
Wohnungsbedarf
housing requirements (needs, demand);
• Wohnungsbedingungen housing conditions;
• Wohnungsbehörde housing office (authority);
• Wohnungsbeihilfe housing assistance (aid), lodging allowance (assistance), allowance for rent (quarters);
• Wohnungsbeihilfesystem, Wohnungsbeihilfewesen housing-assistance scheme;
• Wohnungsberatung housing counsel(l)ing;
• Wohnungsberatungsstelle Central Housing Advisory Committee (Br.);
• Wohnungsbeschaffung [subsidized] housing;
• Wohnungsbeschaffungskredit housing credit;
• Wohnungsbestand total dwellings;
• Wohnungsbestandsaufnahme housing inquiry;
• den Wohnungsbestimmungen nicht genügen to be statutorily unfit;
• Wohnungsbewirtschaftung housing control;
• Wohnungsdarlehen für Instandsetzungszwecke home-improvement loan;
• Wohnungsdefizit housing shortage;
• Wohnungsdichte housing [unit] density;
• Wohnungseigentum residential property;
• Wohnungseinbauten des Mieters domestic fixtures;
• Wohnungseinbruch flat (Br.) (apartment, US) breaking;
• Wohnungseinheit dwelling (housing) unit;
• neu angefangene Wohnungseinheiten housing starts;
• vorfabrizierte Wohnungseinheiten factory-built (modular) housing;
• Wohnungseinrichtung household (home, US) furnishings;
• Wohnungsentschädigung housing assistance (allowance);
• Wohnungserhebung census of housing;
• Wohnungsfinanzierung financing of housing, housing finance (aid), [housing and] home financing (US);
• Wohnungsfinanzierungsgesellschaft Housing and Home Financing Agency (US);
• Wohnungsgeld rent (living-out) allowance;
• Wohnungsgeldzuschuss lodging money (allowance), allowance for room (quarters, rent);
• Wohnungsgeldzuschuss gewähren to allow for quarters;
• kostenlose Wohnungsgestellung free housing;
• Wohnungsgesuche accommodation wanted;
• Wohnungsinhaber lodger, tenant, roomer (US), renter (Br.), (Haushaltungsvorstand) householder;
• Wohnungsinstandsetzung housing rehabilitation;
• Wohnungskauf housing deal;
• Wohnungskäufer purchaser of an apartment (US) (flat, Br.);
• Wohnungskostenzuschuss overnight allowance;
• Wohnungsmakler accommodation broker;
• übliche Wohnungsmaklergebühr normal charges paid to agent for letting. -
20 condition
condition [kɔ̃disjɔ̃]feminine nouna. ( = stipulation) condition• il ne remplit pas les conditions requises (pour le poste) he doesn't fulfil the requirements (for the job)• je le ferai, à la seule condition que tu m'aides I'll do it but only on one condition - you have to help me• tu peux rester, à condition d'être sage you can stay provided (that) or so long as you're goodb. ( = circonstances) conditions conditions• conditions de travail/vie working/living conditions• dans ces conditions, je refuse under these conditions, I refusec. (Business) termd. ( = état) condition► mettre en condition [+ sportif] to get fit ; [+ candidat] to prepare (mentally) ; [+ spectateurs] to conditione. ( = sort) condition* * *kɔ̃disjɔ̃
1.
1) ( circonstance nécessaire) conditionje vous prêterai la somme, mais sous condition — I'll lend you the money, but on certain conditions
sous condition — [libéré] conditionally
sans condition(s) — [capitulation] unconditional; [capituler] unconditionally
3) ( forme) conditionmettre quelqu'un en condition — ( physiquement) to get somebody fit; ( mentalement) to prepare somebody
4) ( situation sociale) conditionla condition féminine or des femmes — women's position in society
5) ( niveau social)6) Linguistique conditionality
2.
conditions nom féminin pluriel1) ( ensemble de circonstances) conditionsdans ces conditions — ( dans cet environnement) in these conditions; ( puisque c'est comme ça) in that case
* * *kɔ̃disjɔ̃1. nf1) (exigence ou stipulation) conditionJe le ferai à une condition... — I'll do it, on one condition...
Je viendrai à condition qu'il me le demande. — I'll come provided he asks me to.
sans condition (reddition) — unconditional, [accepter, se rendre] unconditionally
2) (= état) conditioncondition physique — condition, physical condition
mettre en condition SPORT — to get fit, PSYCHOLOGIE, PSYCHIATRIEto condition, to condition mentally
2. conditions nfpl1) (= tarif, prix) terms2) (= circonstances) conditionsdans ces conditions, je n'insisterai pas — in that case, I won't insist
* * *A nf1 ( circonstance nécessaire) condition; condition nécessaire et suffisante necessary and sufficient condition (pour faire to do); toutes les conditions étaient réunies pour que la cérémonie se passe bien everything was set for the ceremony to go off well; mettre/poser une condition to make/to set a condition (à for); dicter/poser ses conditions to state/to lay down one's conditions; poser qch comme condition à to impose sth as a condition (up)on; à une condition on one condition; je prends ce modèle à condition de pouvoir l'échanger I'll take this model on condition that I can exchange it; c'est possible à condition d'avoir le temps it's possible provided (that) one has the time; n'importe qui peut y arriver à condition d'avoir de la patience anybody can do it provided (that) they have patience; tu peux le faire à condition de ne pas perdre de temps you can do it as long as ou provided (that) you don't waste time; je le ferai mais à condition que tu m'aides I'll do it provided (that) you help me; à la seule condition que on the sole condition that; à la condition expresse de revenir or qu'il revienne tôt on the strict condition that he comes back early; je vous prêterai la somme, mais sous condition I'll lend you the money, but on certain conditions; sous condition que on condition that; sous condition [libéré] conditionally; achat sous condition purchase on approval; sans condition(s) [capitulation] unconditional; [capituler] unconditionally; imposer ses conditions to impose one's own terms; le talent n'est pas la seule condition de tout succès talent is not the only requirement for success; condition préalable precondition (à qch for sth); conditions d'admission conditions of membership (à of GB, in US); conditions d'attribution d'une bourse eligibility (sg) for a grant; satisfaire or répondre aux conditions requises to fulfilGB the necessary conditions; le cours est ouvert à tout le monde, sans condition de niveau d'études the course is open to everyone, irrespective of their educational qualifications;3 ( forme) condition; être en bonne condition physique to be in good physical condition, to be fit; être en mauvaise condition (physique) to be out of condition ou unfit; mettre qn en condition ( physiquement) to get sb fit; ( mentalement) to prepare sb; se mettre en condition ( physiquement) to get fit; ( mentalement) to prepare oneself; mise en condition ( physique) getting fit; ( mentale) preparation; se maintenir en condition to keep fit;4 ( situation sociale) condition; la condition humaine the human condition; la condition ouvrière the conditions of working-class life; la condition enseignante the position of teachers in society; la condition féminine or des femmes women's position in society; il s'intéresse beaucoup à la condition féminine he's very interested in women's affairs;5 ( niveau social) condition (sociale) social status; vouloir changer de condition sociale to want to change one's social status; accepter sa condition to accept one's lot in life; un jeune homme de condition modeste a young man from a humble background; des personnes de toutes conditions people from all walks of life; personne de condition† person of quality†; se marier au-dessus/au-dessous de sa condition to marry above/below one's station;6 Ling conditionality; ‘si’ exprime la condition ‘si’ expresses conditionality.B conditions nfpl1 ( ensemble de circonstances) conditions; conditions atmosphériques atmospheric conditions; conditions de travail/de logement working/housing conditions; conditions de vie living conditions; conditions d'hygiène sanitary conditions; ils travaillent dans des conditions difficiles/inhumaines they are working in difficult/inhuman conditions; dans ces conditions ( dans cet environnement) in these conditions; ( puisque c'est comme ça) in that case;2 Comm ( modalités) terms; ils ont or proposent des conditions très avantageuses they offer very favourableGB terms; conditions générales general terms; conditions de paiement terms of payment; conditions de financement methods of financing.[kɔ̃disjɔ̃] nom féminin1. [préalable] conditionune des conditions du progrès one of the conditions of ou requirements for progresscondition nécessaire/suffisante necessary/sufficient conditioncondition physique/psychologique physical/psychological shapeêtre en bonne condition physique to be in condition, to be fiten grande ou excellente condition physique in excellent shapeêtre en mauvaise condition physique to be in poor physical shape, to be unfitla condition féminine the lives of women, the female condition4. [destinée]————————conditions nom féminin pluriel1. [environnement] conditionsconditions climatiques/économiques weather/economic conditionsconditions de vie/travail living/working conditions2. [termes] termsconditions de vente/d'achat terms of sale/purchaseconditions de paiement/de remboursement payment/repayment terms————————à condition de locution prépositionnelle————————à (la) condition que locution conjonctive————————dans ces conditions locution adverbialedans ces conditions, pourquoi se donner tant de mal? if that's the case, why go to so much trouble?————————en condition locution adverbiale1. [en bonne forme] in shapemettre en condition [athlète, candidat] to get into condition ou formse mettre en condition to get (oneself) fit ou into condition ou into shape2. [dans un état favorable]————————sans condition(s) locution adverbiale————————sans condition(s) locution adjectivale————————sous condition locution adverbialeIf you leave now, you'll catch the last train. Si tu pars tout de suite, tu auras le dernier trainIf he does decide to go, let me know. S'il décidait vraiment de partir, prévenez-moiWe'll go tomorrow, unless it rains. Nous irons demain, à moins qu'il ne pleuveThe only way you'll pass is if you start working a bit harder. La seule façon de réussir, c'est de te mettre un peu plus sérieusement au travailI'll do it, but only on condition (that) you help me. Je ne le ferai qu'à la condition que tu m'aidesWhat would you do if you won the lottery? Qu'est-ce que tu ferais, si tu gagnais au loto ?If he had known, he would have told you. S'il avait su, il te l'aurait ditHad I thought about it, I would have acted differently. Si j'avais réfléchi à la question, j'aurais agi différemmentShould he call ou If he should call, tell him I'll phone back later. Si jamais il téléphonait, dis-lui que je le rappellerai plus tard
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