hosiery+ru

Hose originally denoted a pair of close-fitting breeches reaching to the knee. The application of the term to garments covering the legs below the knee was later, when power-driven machinery created a great trade in knitted goods, and a general term being desired, the word hosiery was adopted. The hosiery department today, includes jerseys, knickers, bathing costumes, beach wear, combinations, pants, vests, gloves, waistcoats, sportswear, as well as socks and stockings. The term " knitted textures " is more descriptive.

[ˈhəuzɪərɪ] noun الجوارِب والملابِس الداخليَّه

(See knitting). All yarns used for knitting are termed hosiery yarns in Leicester, but in America only yarns actually used for knitted footwear come under this term. These yarns are much softer than required for weaving. Miscellaneous Yarns - Goat wools, such as llama and alpaca are employed in spinning. yarns for the knitting trade. Vicuna and camel yarns are used to a limited extent. Ramie yarn is specially employed for knitting gas mantle fabrics. Soft spun flax yams have been used for making underwear fabric. Chenille and other manufactured threads are used to a small extent in warp knitting. Composite yarns, such as union yarns - spun from a mixture of wool and cotton fibres; cordon yarns - cotton and worsted singles, doubled together; wool and rayon or spun silk, cotton and rayon or spun silk are largely used to produce self or two-colour effects. Fancy yarns, such as slub yams, voiles, and curled and loop yarns are also employed. Hosiery Yarns (Cotton) include condenser, hosiery, condenser lisle thread, mercerised and sewing cottons. Condenser yarns are spun in coarse counts from low-grade cotton, Indian and American. They are carded, condensed and mule spun, and possess little twist. Hosiery cotton yarns vary considerably in counts and qualities, practically all varieties of Indian, American and Egyptian being used in varying proportions to obtain suitable mixture for quality and price. Cheaper yarns are carded and mule spun. American and Egyptian cotton yarns are combed mainly with the object of removing seed particles. High-class Egyptian and Sea Islands cotton yarns are super-combed. The chief features of a hosiery cotton yam should be: (1) Regularity; (2) cleanliness; (3) fullness. Regularity prevents the making of cloudy fabric, showing thick and thin places. Cleanliness is essential, as the seed particles clog the eyelet hole in the yam guides and cause breakages. Fullness is desirable to cover the loop interstices. Elasticity and pliability are quite as essential as tensile strength. Yams are usually soft spun and if two-fold soft doubled, average twists in two-fold being 2/10's 6¹/₂T., 2/20's 8¹/₂T., 2/30's 10T., 2/40's 16T., 2/80's 20T. Softer twist less 25 to 30 per cent of average (T= turns per inch). Lisle thread is a comparatively hard-twisted and doubly-gassed thread in which there are no projecting fibres. It is always of a two-fold character, and the doubling twist varies from 24 to 34 turns per inch in 2/60's. It is used largely in the manufacture of ladies' hose tops and feet and for lace hosiery. Mercerised yams are used largely in the fancy trade, a comparatively soft twist again being employed. Sewing cottons for seaming, linking and making-up are specially prepared in two to six cord open and reverse twist. Woollen and Worsted Yarns include lamb's wool, wheeling, skein yarns, gala yams (woollens), worsted, crossbreds, fingering, cashmere, dry spun botany (see under each name). Worsted and crossbred yarns of various qualities are used. These yams are spun softly with " hosiery twist." The drawing may be open, cone or French, and the spinning may take place on cap, ring or flyer frames. The chief essentials of hosiery yarn are softness of fibre, fullness, minimum of twist consistent with the requisite tensile strength, regularity, pliability and elasticity. Cashmere Yarns, as used in the knitted goods industry, are spun from short, loose and weak wools as well as from better qualities by French drawing and mule spinning. A small proportion of real cashmere is used for outer garments. In recent years nylon yarns have been largely employed.

This term applies to hosiery made out of glove silk and the fabrics used are plain, milanese and fancy tricot. The manufacture of this type of hosiery resembles the manufacture of gloves more than any other garment. For an ordinary " glove silk stocking " seven pieces are required and metal dies are used to cut correctly-shaped pieces from the warp knit silk fabric, just as the various pieces are cut to form a glove. These separate pieces are the leg, heel and upper part of the toe, two heel reinforcing pieces, used to reinforce either side of the heel by having two thicknesses, two toe reinforcing pieces and a rectangular piece for the welt.

The term finishing hosiery usually includes in addition to the dyeing, bleaching, etc., processes, the cutting out, sewing together, and shaping of the garment.

A term applied to hosiery and knit goods generally that are made of cotton and wool mixed together, prior to spinning. It frequently happens that goods made of all-cotton yarns are offered as merino, or are made up in boxes with the word merino on the box label.

In the making of ladies' seamless hose, the shape of the leg is obtained by modifying the stitch length. The heels and toes are seamless pockets or pouches formed on one side of the hose at the places required, and the toe is subsequently closed by linking. Various improvements have been effected so that heels and toes may be knitted from different yarn to the leg and foot. The part above the heel may be spliced either in a rectangular or triangular form and the sole may be thickened. The upper part of the hose or top may be knitted from another yarn and courses inserted to prevent laddering. " Split-foot " hosiery can also be produced whereby the instep part is knitted simultaneously with, but from different yarn than the sole. Mock seams and fashioning marks may be effected. Tuck lace, plated and embroidered hose, can be produced on a seamless basis.

A term which is used to imply that stockings and half-hose have been knitted to conform with the shape of the legs.

See Full Regular.

A system of knitting two yarns together in the same stitch of which one thread is arranged to lie behind the other in the fabric, this being usually done to produce fabrics of greater strength and higher wearing power. It is a method adopted to enable a more costly material to appear on the face, with a sub-stratum of a cheaper yarn.

A term denoting that hose have been knitted at the toe and heel with a thicker or additional reinforcing thread.

Knitted fabrics in which ribs are formed by rows of loops lying alternately to the face and back of the fabric.