hosiery+ru

1) General subject: stocking frame, stocking-frame

2) Engineering: hosiery knitter, stocking knitter

3) Textile: hose machine, hosiery machine, hosiery-knitting machine

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Pl. knitwear Sg.; Strümpfe etc.: hosiery Sg.

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Wirkwaren pl knitwear sg; Strümpfe etc: hosiery sg

sock, ( дълъг) stocking

чорапи (като стока) hosiery, hose

по чорапи in o.'s stocking/sock feet

чорапът се разплита everything is coming to light/to the surface, the mystery is unravelling

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чора̀п,

м., -и, (два) чора̀па sock, ( дълъг) stocking; по \чорапи in o.’s stocking/sock feet; \чорапи ( като стока) hosiery, hose; • измъквам се по \чорапи прен. shoot the moon; \чорапът се разплита everything is coming to light/to the surface, the mystery is unravelling.

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sock (къс); stocking (дълъг)

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stocking, sock (attr.)

чорапена фабрика a hosiery factory

чорапена плетка ribbing

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чора̀пен,

прил. stocking, sock (attr.); \чорапена плетка ribbing; \чорапена фабрика a hosiery factory.

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- artykuły pończosznicze hosiery

- maszyna pończosznicza a hosiery-making loom, stocking frame

- ścieg pończoszniczy stocking stitch

SUBJECT AREA: Textiles

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Heathcote was the son of a small farmer who became blind, obliging the family to move to Long Whatton, near Loughborough, c.1790. He was apprenticed to W.Shepherd, a hosiery-machine maker, and became a frame-smith in the hosiery industry. He moved to Nottingham where he entered the employment of an excellent machine maker named Elliott. He later joined William Caldwell of Hathern, whose daughter he had married. The lace-making apparatus they patented jointly in 1804 had already been anticipated, so Heathcote turned to the problem of making pillow lace, a cottage industry in which women made lace by arranging pins stuck in a pillow in the correct pattern and winding around them thread contained on thin bobbins. He began by analysing the complicated hand-woven lace into simple warp and weft threads and found he could dispense with half the bobbins. The first machine he developed and patented, in 1808, made narrow lace an inch or so wide, but the following year he made much broader lace on an improved version. In his second patent, in 1809, he could make a type of net curtain, Brussels lace, without patterns. His machine made bobbin-net by the use of thin brass discs, between which the thread was wound. As they passed through the warp threads, which were arranged vertically, the warp threads were moved to each side in turn, so as to twist the bobbin threads round the warp threads. The bobbins were in two rows to save space, and jogged on carriages in grooves along a bar running the length of the machine. As the strength of this fabric depended upon bringing the bobbin threads diagonally across, in addition to the forward movement, the machine had to provide for a sideways movement of each bobbin every time the lengthwise course was completed. A high standard of accuracy in manufacture was essential for success. Called the "Old Loughborough", it was acknowledged to be the most complicated machine so far produced. In partnership with a man named Charles Lacy, who supplied the necessary capital, a factory was established at Loughborough that proved highly successful; however, their fifty-five frames were destroyed by Luddites in 1816. Heathcote was awarded damages of £10,000 by the county of Nottingham on the condition it was spent locally, but to avoid further interference he decided to transfer not only his machines but his entire workforce elsewhere and refused the money. In a disused woollen factory at Tiverton in Devonshire, powered by the waters of the river Exe, he built 300 frames of greater width and speed. By continually making inventions and improvements until he retired in 1843, his business flourished and he amassed a large fortune. He patented one machine for silk cocoon-reeling and another for plaiting or braiding. In 1825 he brought out two patents for the mechanical ornamentation or figuring of lace. He acquired a sound knowledge of French prior to opening a steam-powered lace factory in France. The factory proved to be a successful venture that lasted many years. In 1832 he patented a monstrous steam plough that is reputed to have cost him over £12,000 and was claimed to be the best in its day. One of its stated aims was "improved methods of draining land", which he hoped would develop agriculture in Ireland. A cable was used to haul the implement across the land. From 1832 to 1859, Heathcote represented Tiverton in Parliament and, among other benefactions, he built a school for his adopted town.

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SUBJECT AREA: Textiles

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Townsend, who described himself in his first patent as a framework knitter and afterwards as a hosier of Leicester, took out a patent in 1847 for the application of a "machine like that of a point net frame to an ordinary stocking-frame". He described needles and hooks of a peculiar shape which were able to take the work off the knitting machine, reverse the loops and return them again so that ribbed knitting could be made on circular machines. These became popular for knitting stockings which, although not fully fashioned, had sufficient strength to fit the leg. In 1854 he took out a patent for making round hose with heels and toes fashioned on other machines. In yet another patent, in 1856, he described a method of raising looped pile on knitted fabrics for making "terry" towelling fabrics. He could use different coloured yarns in the fabric that were controlled by a Jacquard mechanism. It was in the same year, 1856, in a further patent that he described his tumbler or latch needles as well as the making of figured patterns in knitting on both sides of the fabric with a Jacquard mechanism. The latch needles were self-acting, being made to move up and down or backwards and forwards by the action of cams set in the cylindrical body of the machine. Normally the needle worked in a vertical or inclined position with the previous loop on the shank below the latch. Weft yarn was placed in the hook of the needle. The needle was drawn down between fixed plates which formed a new loop with the weft. At the same time, the original loop already on the shank of the needle moved along the shank and closed the latch so that it could pass over the newly formed loop in the needle hook and fall over the end of the needle incorporating the new loop on its way to make the next row of stitches. The latch needle obviated the need for loop wheels and pressers and thus simplified the knitting mechanism. Townsend's invention was the forerunner of an entirely new generation of knitting machines, but it was many years before its full potential was realized, the bearded needle of William Lee being preferred because the hinge of the latch could not be made as fine as the bearded needle.

Townsend was in the first rank of skilful manufacturers of fancy Leicester hosiery and had a good practical knowledge of the machinery used in his trade. Having patented his needles, he seems not to have succeeded in getting them into very profitable or extensive use, possibly because he fixed the royalty too high. His invention proved to be most useful and profitable in the hands of others, for it gave great impetus to the trade in seamless hose. For various reasons he discontinued his business in Leicester. He emigrated to the USA, where, after some initial setbacks, he began to reap the rewards of his skill.

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1) Engineering: multifeed hosiery machine (более четырёх систем)

2) Makarov: (более четырёх систем) multifeed hosiery machine

1) Textile: hosiery-dying machine

2) Makarov: hosiery dyeing machine

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1. ( автоматический выключатель) (automatic) circuit-breaker

включа́ть автома́т — close the circuit-breaker

включа́ть автома́т повто́рно — reclose the circuit-breaker

выключа́ть автома́т — open the circuit-breaker

автома́т коммути́рует то́ки коро́ткого замыка́ния — the circuit-breaker interrupts [switches, breaks] short-circuit currents

обесто́чивать автома́т (напр. для ревизии, ремонта) — isolate the circuit-breaker

отключа́ть автома́т — trip the circuit-breaker

расцепля́ть автома́т — trip the circuit-breaker

2. ( в значении стано́к) см. станок-автомат

3. ( абстрактный) киб. automaton, machine

абстра́ктный автома́т — abstract automaton

актуа́льный автома́т — actual automaton

автома́т балансиро́вки ав. — trim controller

балансиро́вочный автома́т — automatic balancer, automatic balancing machine

барометри́ческий автома́т ав. — barometric switch, baroswitch

автома́т безопа́сности ( паровой турбины) — overspeed governor, disengaging clutch

автома́т безопа́сности, скоростно́й — emergency governor

автома́т без па́мяти — memoryless automaton, memoryless machine

бесконе́чный автома́т — infinite automaton, infinite machine

бу́нкерный автома́т — automatic hopper-feed machine

вероя́тностный автома́т — probabilistic automaton, probabilistic machine

весово́й автома́т — automatic weighing machine, automatic weigher

весово́й, дози́рующий автома́т — automatic weigher

автома́т включе́ния резе́рва [АВР] — automatic throw-over [transfer] circuit-breaker

возду́шный автома́т — air circuit-breaker

автома́т выглубле́ния (плу́га) — lift clutch

вы́сший автома́т — “higher” automaton

гальванопласти́ческий автома́т — plating machine

автома́т гаше́ния по́ля — automatic field killer, automatic field-suppression circuit-breaker

автома́т давле́ния ( в высотном скафандре) — automatic pressure control

детермини́рованный автома́т — (finite) deterministic automaton, (finite) deterministic machine

дискре́тный автома́т — discrete automaton, discrete machine

автома́т для вы́емки буты́лок из я́щика — decrater

автома́т для дугово́й сва́рки — arc-welding machine

автома́т для дугово́й сва́рки под флю́сом — submerged arc-welding machine

автома́т для изготовле́ния оболо́чковых форм литейн. — automatic shell moulding machine

автома́т для обвя́зки руло́нов — automatic bonding unit

автома́т для обма́зки спи́чечных коро́бок — box painting machine

автома́т для сме́ны грампласти́нок — record (auto-)changer

автома́т для укла́дки буты́лок в я́щик — crater

дыха́тельный автома́т — lung-governed breathing apparatus

автома́т загру́зки ав. — artificial feel (system), artificial feel unit, feel simulator

запа́ечно-откачно́й автома́т элк. — sealing-exhausting machine

зато́чный автома́т — automatic grinder

зато́чный автома́т для кру́глых пил — automatic circular-saw grinder

автома́т защи́ты от погаса́ния фа́кела ( в топке) — flame safeguard system

автома́т защи́ты се́ти [АЗС] — (automatic) circuit-breaker

автома́т защи́ты се́ти отключа́ется авари́йно — the circuit-breaker opens on a fault (current) [under abnormal conditions]

избы́точный автома́т — redundant automaton, redundant machine

квазиэквивале́нтный автома́т — quasi-equivalent automaton, quasi-equivalent machine

кокономота́льный автома́т текст. — automatic cocoon-reeling machine

комбинато́рный автома́т — combinatorial automaton

коммутати́вный автома́т — commutative automaton, commutative machine

коне́чный автома́т — finite(-state) automaton, finite(-state) machine

коне́чный, бло́чный автома́т — finite modular automaton

контро́льно-весово́й автома́т пищ. — automatic checking balance

контро́льно-измери́тельный автома́т — inspection machine

контро́льный автома́т — automatic checking machine

автома́т контро́ля пла́мени ( топки) — flame detector

копирова́льный автома́т — automatic tracer(-equipped) machine

кромкоги́бочный автома́т — automatic flanger, automatic crimper

круглочуло́чный автома́т — automatic seamless hosiery machine

кулачко́вый автома́т — automatic cam-controlled machine

лё́гочный автома́т ( респиратора) — lung-governed oxygen inlet [admission] valve

листоштампо́вочный автома́т — ( для тонкого листа) automatic sheet stamping press; ( для толстого листа) automatic plate stamping press

лите́йный автома́т — automatic casting machine

автома́т максима́льного напряже́ния — overvoltage circuit-breaker

ма́сляный автома́т — oil circuit-breaker

автома́т механи́ческой настро́йки переда́тчика или приё́мника — autopositioner, auto-tune system

автома́т Мили́ — Mealy automaton

многокулачко́вый автома́т — automatic multicam machine

многолине́йный автома́т — multiple line automaton

многопозицио́нный автома́т — automatic multistation machine

автома́т многошпи́ндельный автома́т — automatic multispindle machine

мота́льный автома́т — automatic winding machine

автома́т Му́ра — Moore automaton

автома́т нави́вки се́ток элк. — grid machine, grid lathe

навигацио́нный автома́т — ground-position indicator, automatic navigator

недетермини́рованный автома́т — stochastic automaton, stochastic machine

неинициа́льный автома́т — noninitial automaton

автома́т непреры́вного де́йствия — automatic continuously operating machine

ниткошве́йный автома́т полигр. — automatic book sewer

носо́чный автома́т — automatic half-hose machine

обё́рточный автома́т — packaging machine

однопозицио́нный автома́т — automatic single-station machine

одношпи́ндельный автома́т — automatic single-spindle machine

автома́т опа́ливания монти́рованных но́жек элк. — bulb blowing machine

определё́нный автома́т — definite automaton

основопробо́рный автома́т — automatic drawing-in [entering, warp-drawing] machine

автома́т паралле́льного де́йствия — automatic parallel-action machine

патро́нный автома́т — automatic chucking machine

па́чечно-укла́дочный автома́т — automatic cigarette bundler

автома́т переключе́ния скоросте́й — automatic speed selection device

автома́т переко́са ав. — брит. swashplate; амер. wobble plate

пескостру́йный автома́т — automatic sand-blasting machine

пескостру́йный, стержнево́й автома́т литейн. — automatic core sand-blasting machine

пламечувстви́тельный автома́т тепл. — burner-flame controller, combustion safeguard equipment, flame-failure detector

автома́т повто́рного включе́ния — reclosing circuit-breaker, automatic circuit recloser

автома́т пода́чи то́плива ав. — fuel-flow proportioner

автома́т подъё́ма плу́га — plough clutch

автома́т подъё́ма плу́га, крючко́вый — hook lift

автома́т подъё́ма плу́га, ре́ечный — rack lift

автома́т подъё́ма плу́га, храпово́й — ratchet lift

автома́т подъё́ма плу́га, шестерё́нчатый — gear lift

полиграфи́ческий автома́т — automatic printer

автома́т после́довательного де́йствия — automatic step-by-step action machine

автома́т приё́мистости ав. — (automatic) acceleration control (unit)

автома́т продо́льно-фасо́нного точе́ния — Swiss-type [sliding-head type] automatic lathe

прутко́вый автома́т — automatic bar-stock machine

разли́вочно-уку́порочный автома́т — automatic filling-and-capping machine

разме́нный автома́т — coin changer

Ра́сселов автома́т — Russell's slot-machine

автома́т расторможе́ния авто — anti-skid device, skid-sensing unit

расту́щий автома́т — growing automaton

расцепля́ющий автома́т — releaser

самовоспроизводя́щийся автома́т — self-reproducing automaton

самодви́жущийся автома́т — self-moving automaton

самонастра́ивающийся автома́т — self-adaptive automaton

автома́т с бесконе́чным коли́чеством состоя́ний — infinite-state automaton, infinite-state machine

сбо́рочный автома́т — automatic assembly machine

сбо́рочный автома́т для шарикоподши́пников — automatic ball-bearing assembly machine

сва́рочный автома́т — automatic welding machine, automatic welder

сва́рочный, двухдугово́й автома́т — two-head automatic arc-welding machine

сва́рочный, дугово́й автома́т — automatic arc-welding machine

сва́рочный, многодугово́й автома́т — multiarc automatic welding machine

скле́ечный автома́т кфт. — automatic splicer

автома́т с коне́чной па́мятью — finite-memory automaton

автома́т с кулачко́вым управле́нием — automatic cam-controlled machine

автома́т с магази́нной загру́зкой загото́вок — automatic magazine-feed machine

автома́т с механи́змом свобо́дного расцепле́ния — trip free circuit-breaker

автома́т с ограниче́нием на вхо́де — input-restricted automaton

соломкополирова́льный автома́т лес. — splint-shaping machine

соломкоруби́льный автома́т лес. — splint-chopping [splint-cutting] machine

соломкоукла́дочный автома́т лес. — splint-levelling machine

сортиро́вочный автома́т — automatic sorting machine

спи́чечный универса́льный автома́т — universal match machine

автома́т с програ́ммным управле́нием — programme-controlled machine

стереоти́пный отливно́й автома́т — fully automatic stereoplate [stereotype] caster, automatic casting machine

стохасти́ческий автома́т — stochastic automaton, stochastic machine

тка́цкий автома́т — automatic loom

торговы́й автома́т по прода́же газе́т, спи́чек и т. п. — брит. newspaper, matches etc. slot-machine; амер. newspaper, matches etc. vending machine

тривиа́льный автома́т — trivial automaton, trivial machine

универса́льный автома́т — universal circuit-breaker

устано́вочный автома́т — current-limiting circuit-breaker

уто́чно-перемо́точный автома́т текст. — automatic weft [pirn] winder

фасо́вочный автома́т (напр. для масла, муки и т. п.) — weighing-and-packing machine

фикси́рованный автома́т — fixed automaton, fixed machine

автома́т франки́рования пи́сем — postage permit printer

цепевя́зальный автома́т — automatic chain-bending machine

цифрово́й автома́т

1. digital automaton

2. digital [switching] network, digital [switching] circuit

части́чно-определё́нный автома́т — partially specified automaton, partially specified machine

чуло́чный автома́т — automatic hosiery machine

этикетиро́вочный автома́т — automatic labeller

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f < textil> ■ knitting mill; knitting factory; hosiery mill; hosiery factory

f < textil> ■ knitting mill; knitting factory; hosiery mill; hosiery factory

hosiery; ścieg pończoszniczy garter stitch; wyroby pończosznicze hosiery.