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1 βάλλω
βάλλω, fut. βαλῶ, βαλέω, aor. ἔβαλον, βάλον, subj. βάλησθα, opt. βάλοι- σθα, plup. 3 sing. βεβλήκειν, pass. perf. 3 pl. βεβλήαται, plup. βεβλήατο (also, but only w. metaph. signif., βεβόλητο, βεβολήατο, βεβολημένος), mid. aor. with pass. signif., βλῆτο, subj. βλήεται, opt. 2 sing. βλεῖο, part. βλήμενος: throw, cast, mid., something pertaining to oneself; hence often in the sense of shoot, hit; καὶ βάλεν οὐδ' ἀφάμαρτε, Il. 13.160; ἕλκος, τό μιν βάλε Πάνδαρος ἶῷ ( μίν is the primary obj.), Il. 5.795; metaph., φιλότητα μετ' ἀμφοτέροισι βάλωμεν, ‘strike,’ ‘conclude,’ Il. 4.16 ; σὺ δ' ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσιν, ‘bear in mind’ (note the mid.), Il. 1.297, etc. The various applications, literal and metaphorical, are numerous but perfectly intelligible.—Intrans., ποταμὸς εἰς ἅλα βάλλων, Il. 11.722; ἵπποι περὶ τέρμα βαλοῦσαι, Il. 23.462; mid. aor., with pass. signif., βλήμενος ἢ ἶῷ ἢ ἔγχεϊ, Il. 8.514; pass., of the mind only, ἄχεῗ μεγάλῳ βεβολημένος ἦτορ, ‘stricken,’ Il. 9.9,, Od. 10.347.A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > βάλλω
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2 γναθμός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `jaw' (Hom.)Derivatives: PN of a parasite Γνάθων, with Γναθώνειος, Γναθωνίδης, Γναθωνάριον (Plu.). Denom. γναθόω `hit the jaw' (Phryn. Com.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: γναθμός from γνάθος after λαιμός, βρεχμός, ὀφθαλμός. - Always compared with Lith. žándas `id.', Latv. zuôds `chin, sharp side'; the Lith. acute was explained from a laryngeal, which is impossible for Greek; it can also have been caused by a following d (Winter-Kortlandt law). A preform *gn̥h₂dʰ- would have given *γνᾱθος, *gn̥h₂edʰ- *γαναθος; so a laryngeal is impossible for Greek, nor can - να- be derived from any other PIE form. (The Lithuanian form, which has a quite different structure, cannot be cognate.) The form must therefore be non-IE, i.e. Pre-Greek. Further connection with γένυς is improbable, as this is IE. Macedonian κάναδοι σιαγόνες, γνάθοι H. has also often been compared; this may well be cognate, as a Pre-Greek form; does it stand for *κναδοι? (with epenthesis? for which see Fur. 378); it has also been connected with κνώδων, κνώδαλον.Page in Frisk: 1,316Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γναθμός
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3 κάρνη
Grammatical information: f.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: One compares since Curtius and Fick Lat. carināre `insult, ridicule' (Enn., gramm.), and, without n-suffixe, several Celtic, Germanic and Balto-Slavic words, e. g. OIr. caire `blame', OHG harawēn `mock', Latv. karinât `tease', Russ. kor `insult, scoff'; and perh. Toch. AB kärn- prob. `tease, hit', Pok. 530, W.-Hofmann s. carinō, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. káirinti, Vasmer Wb. s. kor. - (Hardly here κάραννος, by H. glossed as ζημία, and *καρανίζειν `behead' in καρανιστήρ, - τής, which is derived from κάρᾱνον s. κάρηνον). - S. also κέρτομος. - Note that καρν- cannot be explained from IE (*r̥ would give ρα); so the word may be Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,790Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάρνη
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