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41 μαρυκάομαι
μαρυκάομαι (a colloquialized Doric form [Aelian, NA 2, 54; Hesych. s.v. ἐμαρυκᾶτο and ἤνυστρον; Lev 11:26=Dt 14:8; s. Thackeray 76]) ruminate, chew the cud Hs 9, 1, 9. πᾶν μαρυκώμενον any ruminant 10:11.—PKatz, Philo’s Bible ’50, 157–59. -
42 μελίσσιος
μελίσσιος, ιον (s. prec. entry) pert. to the bee (Syntipas p. 28, 9; 29, 3) μελίσσιον κηρίον (bee-)honeycomb (Biogr. p. 93; Syntipas 28, 7) ἀπὸ μελισσίου κηρίου some honeycomb Lk 24:42 v.l. As subst. τὸ μελίσς(ε)ιον bee-hive (ApcSed 8, 5 p. 132, 38 Ja. [‘bee’]; PCairZen 467 [III B.C.]; schol. on Nicander, Alexiph. 547; Hesych.) ἀπὸ μελισσίου κήριον a honeycomb from a bee-hive vs. 42 v.l.—EbNestle, ZDPV 30, 1907, 209f; EGrafvMülinen, ibid. 35, 1912, 105ff; LKöhler, ibid. 54, ’31, 289ff; GDalman, ibid. 55, ’32, 80f; PKatz, TLZ 83, ’58, 315. DELG s.v. μέλι. -
43 οἰκοφθόρος
οἰκοφθόρος, ον (οἶκος, φθείρω; Eur., Pla.; Philo, Agr. 73; SibOr 2, 257; Suda s.v. Ἰλάριος refers οἰκ. to an act of adultery that destroys a household; cp. Plut., Mor. 12b γυναικῶν οἰκοφθορίαι γαμετῶν ‘seducers of married women’) pert. to being a cause of corruption in a household, destroyer of houses or families, as subst. IEph 16:1. The fate of the seducers (Hesych. completes the equation οἰκοφθόρος = μοιχός) serves as a premise in an argument from the lesser to the greater: ‘The argument is that if such adulterers perished, how much more those who corrupt faith by their evil teaching.’ WSchoedel, Ignatius of Antioch ’85, 79.—WBauer concluded that the term was used specif. (citing connection with the imagery of IEph 15:3; s. οἶκος 1aβ) in the sense of temple-destroyer, arguing that since Ign. is ‘plainly dependent’ on 1 Cor 6 (vs. 19; cp. also 1 Cor 3:16f) here, he is prob. thinking of the introduction of immorality as the particular means of destruction; in support Bauer compares Plut., Mor. (s. above) and PGrenf I, 53, 19f.—DELG s.v. φθείρω. -
44 παραβουλεύομαι
παραβουλεύομαι 1 aor. παρεβουλευσάμην (Cat. Cod. Astr. XII 188, 27; Hesych., prob. w. ref. to Phil 2:30) be careless τινί in relation to someth. τῇ ψυχῇ have no concern for one’s life Phil 2:30 v.l. (for παραβολ. q.v.).—DELG s.v. βούλομαι.Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > παραβουλεύομαι
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45 παραζηλόω
παραζηλόω fut. παραζηλώσω; 1 aor. παρεζήλωσα (Hesych. = παροξύνω) provoke to jealousy, make jealous (LXX; GrBar 16:2) τινὰ ἐπί τινι someone of someone Ro 10:19 (Dt 32:21; cp. 4Q 372 I, 12). τινά someone (3 Km 14:22; Sir 30:3) 11:11 (RBell, Provoked to Jealousy ’94). τὴν σάρκα (brothers in the) flesh vs. 14. It is this mng., rather than a more general one such as make angry, that we have 1 Cor 10:22 ἢ παραζηλοῦμεν τ. κύριον or shall we provoke the Lord to jealousy? i.e. by being untrue to him and turning to second-rate divinities (daemons). The rhetorical structure here relies heavily on Gr-Rom. understanding that a δαίμων is a service-oriented divinity of a second order, a ‘satrap’, as Celsus later called it (Orig., C. Cels. 8, 35, 6). With sharp satire Paul says that God has reason to be jealous if the Corinthians engage in civil feasts where sacrifice is made to mere secondary divinities καὶ οὐ θεῷ (vs. 20), which is designedly ambiguous, referring either to deity generically (a god) or to the supreme deity of biblical tradition. The Corinthians are in effect insulting ‘the Lord’.—DELG s.v. ζῆλος. M-M. TW. -
46 παράμονος
παράμονος ον (παραμένω; a rare form of παραμόνιμος ‘constant, steadfast’; Pind. et al.)① pert. to being of enduring quality, lasting, constant, enduring, of things or circumstances (Plut., Mor. 114f πένθος; Vett. Val. p. 292, 30; Geopon. 1, 12, 5) δόξα (w. ἄτρεπτος) IEph ins; (w. αἰώνιος) χαρά IPhld ins; ἀφροσύνη Hs 6, 5, 2.② of pers. (Hesych.=καρτερός), prim. pert. to being consistent in character, ‘steadfast, constant’; in our lit. in an unfavorable sense, stubborn, persistent Hs 5, 5, 1. W. the dat. of that in which someone is persistent παράμονοι ταῖς καταλαλιαῖς αὐτῶν stubborn slanderers 9, 23, 3.—DELG s.v. μένω. -
47 παραπικραίνω
παραπικραίνω 1 aor. παρεπίκρανα, pass. παρεπικράνθην (s. πικρός and next entry; LXX; GrBar 16:2; Philo, Hesych.).① to incite to anger, embitter, make angry, provoke, w. acc. of pers. (oft. LXX w. an acc. referring to God. Also Philo, Somn. 2, 177 παραπικραίνειν καὶ παροργίζειν θεόν). Pass. become embittered, be made angry (La 1:20 v.l.; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 114) Hs 7:2f.② also without an acc., almost like an intransitive, be disobedient, rebellious (toward God; cp. Dt 31:27; Ps 67:7; 105:7; Ezk 3:9; 12:9 al.) Hb 3:16 (KJV, Moffatt provoke).—DELG s.v. πικρός. M-M. TW.Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > παραπικραίνω
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48 παραφυάδιον
παραφυάδιον, ου, τό (Hesych. s.v. ἑρμαῖ; SibOr 3, 396–400) dim. of παραφυάς (q.v.), someth. little growing off the side, a little offshoot μικρὸν κέρας παραφυάδιον a little horn as an offshoot B 4:5 (cp. Da 7:8). -
49 παρείσακτος
παρείσακτος, ον (παρεισάγω; Strabo 17, 1, 8 p. 794 as the nickname of Ptolemy XI. In some mss. the prologue of Sir is called πρόλογος παρείσακτος ἀδήλου. Hesych.=ἀλλότριος) pert. to coming into a group in a surreptitious manner, secretly brought in, smuggled in, sneaked in παρείσακτοι ψευδάδελφοι of Judaizers who, as Paul felt, had come into congregations consisting of a large number of uncircumcised converts in a dishonorable fashion, in order to spy on them Gal 2:4. That others had a hand in encouraging their activities is not to be excluded, but their own initiative is indicated by the context. On the qu. of the pass. element in π. understood in a mid. sense s. Burton, comm., p. 78. Also s. WSchmithals, D. Häretiker in Galatien: ZNW 47, ’56, 25–67; HBetz, Gal [Hermeneia] ad loc. for reff.—DELG s.v. ἄγω. TW. -
50 πέλαγος
πέλαγος, ους, τό (Hom. et al.; OGI 74, 3; IG XII/2, 119, 7; 2 Macc 5:21; TestSol; TestAbr A 17 p. 98, 27 [Stone p. 44]; TestNapht 6:5; EpArist 214; Philo, Joseph.; loanw. in rabb.).① open sea (as opposed to stretch of water near land), the open sea, the depths (of the sea) (Aristot., Probl. Sect. 23 Quaest. 3, 931b, 14 f. ἐν τῷ λιμένι ὀλίγη ἐστὶν ἡ θάλασσα, ἐν δὲ τῷ πελάγει βαθεῖα; Jos., Bell. 1, 409) τὸ πέλαγος τῆς θαλάσσης (Apollon. Rhod. 2, 608. Cp. also Eur., Tro. 88 πέλαγος Αἰγαίας ἁλός. Hesych.: πέλαγος … βυθός, πλάτος θαλάσσης): ἐν τῷ π. τῆς θαλάσσης in the open (deep) sea Mt 18:6 (Jos., C. Ap. 1, 307 of lepers ἵνα καθῶσιν εἰς τὸ πέλαγος); sim. ἐν τῷ μεγάλῳ πέλαγει AcPl Ha 7, 25.② independent part of a whole body of water, sea (mostly so: Aeschyl. et al.; Diod S 4, 77, 6 τὸ πέλ. Ἰκάριον; Philo, Op. M. 63; Jos., Ant. 2, 348) τὸ π. τὸ κατὰ τὴν Κιλικίαν the sea along the coast of Cilicia Ac 27:5.—DELG. M-M. -
51 περπερεύομαι
περπερεύομαι (πέρπερος ‘vainglorious’; M. Ant. 5, 5, 4; Etym. Mag. p. 665, 37; Hesych.=κατεπαίρομαι. The compound ἐμπερπερεύομαι is more common: Epict. 2, 1, 34; Cicero, Ad Attic. 1, 14, 4) to heap praise on oneself, behave as a πέρπερος (‘braggart, windbag’: Polyb. 32, 2, 5; 39, 1, 2; Epict. 3, 2, 14), boast, brag 1 Cor 13:4.—DELG s.v. πέρπερος. TW.Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > περπερεύομαι
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52 πρόβατον
πρόβατον, ου, τό (Hom.+; on the dat. pl. πρόβασι Hs 6, 1, 6 s. Herodian, Gramm. 1414, 10. πρόβασι βοσνήμασι Hesych p. 275 MSchmidt, as Schwyzer I 499)① sheep (on this mng. s. O. Wilck I 286; B-D-F §126, 1aα; L-S-J-M s.v. I. The more general senses ‘cattle’ or ‘small cattle’ scarcely merit serious attention for our lit., though they are barely poss. in certain passages.) Mt 12:11f; 18:12; Lk 15:4, 6 (on this parable: GNordberg, SEÅ 1, ’37, 55–63); Rv 18:13; B 16:5 (En 89:54ff); GJs 18:3 (codd.). As a sacrificial animal 1 Cl 4:1 (Gen 4:4); J 2:14f. πρόβατα σφαγῆς sheep to be slaughtered Ro 8:36 (Ps 43:23). Defenseless in the midst of wolves Mt 10:16. In danger without a shepherd Mt 9:36; Mk 6:34 (both Num 27:17; cp. Ezk 34:5 and Jdth 11:19); Mt 26:31; Mk 14:27; B 5:12 (the three last Zech 13:7); 1 Cl 16:6f (Is 53:6f). ἐν ἐνδύμασι προβάτων (cp. ἔνδυμα 2; Proverbia Aesopi 123 P. κρύπτειν τὸν λύκον προβάτου δορᾷ) Mt 7:15. The first fruits of the sheep belong to the prophets D 13:3. Jesus ὡς πρόβατον ἐπὶ σφαγὴν ἤχθη … ἄφωνος (after Is 53:7) Ac 8:32 (cp. Vi. Aesopi G 48 P. a dispute over the question: διὰ τί τὸ πρόβατον ἐπὶ θυσίαν ἀγόμενον οὐ κέκραγεν;); B 5:2 (Is 53:7); 1 Cl 16:7.② people of God, sheep. The lit. usage passes over to the nonliteral, or the sheep appear for the most part as symbols of certain people (En 89:42ff; Did., Gen 215:24): in the extended allegory of the Good Shepherd and the sheep J 10:1–16, 26f (in vs. 3 P66 reads προβάτια). Jesus is ὁ ποιμὴν τῶν προβάτων ὁ μέγας Hb 13:20. Cp. 1 Pt 2:25. The bishop is the shepherd, the church members the sheep IPhld 2:1. Cp. J 21:16, 17 (Porphyr., Adv. Chr. Fgm. 26: the ἀρνία are the catechumens, but the προβάτα are οἱ πιστοὶ εἰς τὸ τῆς τελετώσεως προβάντες μυστήριον). The Christians are called πρόβατα τῆς νομῆς σου (=God’s) 1 Cl 59:4 (cp. Ps 78:13; 94:7; 99:3). In the last times under the influence of lying prophets τὰ πρόβατα will be turned εἰς λύκους D 16:3. At the last judgment people will be divided as the shepherd separates τὰ πρόβατα from οἱ ἔριφοι Mt 25:32f (s. ἔριφος; PAmh 73, 6 [129/30 A.D.] differentiates πρόβ. and αἶγες), and the πρόβατα, representing those blessed by the Father, will stand at the right hand of the Human One (Son of Man) vs. 33 (HGraffmann, D. Gericht nach d. Werken im Mt: KBarth Festschr. ’36, 124–36). Jesus knows that he is (divinely) sent 15:24, and sends his disciples 10:6 πρὸς τὰ πρόβατα τὰ ἀπολωλότα οἴκου Ἰσραήλ.—In Hermas sheep appear (w. shepherds) as symbolic of all kinds of persons Hs 6, 1, 5f; 6, 2, 3f; 6f; 6, 3, 2; 9, 1, 9; 9, 27, 1.—B. 144. DELG s.v. πρόβατα. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
53 προσαίτης
προσαίτης, ου, ὁ (Plut., Mor. 294a; Diog. L. 6, 56; Lucian, Navig. 24; cp. αἴτης• πτωχός Hesych. I 78) beggar Mk 10:46; J 9:8. -
54 σάρος
σάρος, ου, ὁ (a rare masc. [Hesych.] for the usual neut. σάρον. The gender cannot be determined in SIG 1169, 48 σάρῳ τινὶ ἀποκαθαίρειν and Anth. Pal. 11, 207, 4 σάρον acc.) broom Hs 9, 10, 3. -
55 σητόβρωτος
σητόβρωτος, ον (σής, βιβρώσκω; Sb 7404, 28 [II A.D.]; SibOr Fgm. 3, 26; Hesych.) motheaten ἱμάτια (Job 13:28) Js 5:2.—New Docs 1, 77. M-M. TW. -
56 σθενόω
σθενόω (σθένος ‘strength’) fut. σθενώσω (Herodian Gramm. 449, 21; Rhet. Gr. VII 260, 20; Hesych.) strengthen, make strong 1 Pt 5:10.—DELG s.v. σθένος. M-M. -
57 σκάνδαλον
σκάνδαλον, ου, τό (s. σκανδαλίζω; non-bibl. pap; PLond 1338, 25; 1339, 10 [both 709 A.D.]; LXX, Aq., Sym., Theod.; PsSol 4:23 [but not in Test12Patr, EpArist, Philo, Joseph., apolog.], then Christian wr. Later word for σκανδάληθρον [Aristoph. et al.]; s. Hesych. and Phot. s.v.).① a device for catching someth. alive, trap (PCairZen 608, 7 [III B.C.], where written σκάνδαδον) w. παγίς, used metaph. (Josh 23:13; Ps 140:9; 1 Macc 5:4; Is 8:14 Sym. and Theod.) Ro 11:9 (Ps 68:23). σκ. ἐν αὐτῷ οὐκ ἔστιν in such a pers. there is no reason for falling i.e., as the next vs. indicates, the pers. can see what lies along the path 1J 2:10 (Moffatt ‘no pitfall’; s. AVicentCernuda, EstBîbl 27, ’68, 153–75, 215–32); but s. 3.② an action or circumstance that leads one to act contrary to a proper course of action or set of beliefs, temptation to sin, enticement to apostasy, false belief, etc., fig. ext. of 1 (Ezk 7:19 Aq. and Sym.; Wsd 14:11) Mt 18:7abc; Lk 17:1; B 4:9. τὸ τέλειον σκ. the final temptation 4:3. βαλεῖν σκάνδαλον ἐνώπιον τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ entice the sons of Israel to sin Rv 2:14. σκάνδαλα ποιεῖν bring about temptations (to sin) Ro 16:17. τιθέναι τινὶ σκάνδαλον put a temptation in someone’s way 14:13 (on τιθέναι σκ. cp. Jdth 5:1); in place of the dat. κατά τινος 1 Cl 35:8 (Ps 49:20).—Also of persons (PsSol 4:23; 1 Macc 5:4): Jesus censures Peter, as Satan σκάνδαλον εἶ ἐμοῦ you are tempting me to sin Mt 16:23. In ἀπεχόμενοι σκανδάλων καὶ τῶν ψευδαδέλφων κτλ. Pol 6:3, σκ. is prob. best taken as one who tempts others to sin (cp. Pistis Sophia 105; 106 [p. 173–75 CSchmidt] ὡς σκάνδαλον καὶ ὡς παραβάτης; AcJ 64 [Aa II/1 p. 182, 14f] of a woman ἡ σκάνδαλον γενομένη ἀνδρί; 79 [p. 190, 11]).—To those who cannot come to a decision to believe on him, Jesus is a σκάνδαλον (σκανδαλίζω 1b). In line w. OT imagery (Is 8:14, where Aq., Sym., Theod.—in contrast to the LXX—have our word) Jesus is called πέτρα σκανδάλου Ro 9:33; 1 Pt 2:8 (on the relation of these two passages to each other s. RHarris, Testimonies I 1916, 18f; 26f).③ that which causes offense or revulsion and results in opposition, disapproval, or hostility, fault, stain etc. (Sir 7:6; 27:23). σκ. ἐν αὐτῷ οὐκ ἔστιν in him there is no stain or fault 1J 2:10 (cp. Jdth 5:20); but s. 1. Of the cross ὅ ἐστιν σκάνδαλον τοῖς ἀπιστοῦσιν which is revolting to those who have no faith IEph 18:1. The crucified Christ is a σκ. to Judeans 1 Cor 1:23. τὸ σκάνδαλον τοῦ σταυροῦ the stumbling-block of the cross, i.e. that which, in the preaching about the cross, arouses opposition Gal 5:11. συλλέξουσιν ἐκ τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ πάντα τὰ σκ. they will gather out of his kingdom everything that is offensive Mt 13:41 (this interpr., which refers τὰ σκ. to things, would correspond to the scripture passage basic to this one, i.e. Zeph 1:3, where Sym. has our word in the combination τὰ σκάνδαλα σὺν [τοῖς] ἀσεβέσι. But the fact that Mt continues w. καὶ τοὺς ποιοῦντας τὴν ἀνομίαν could require us to take τὰ σκ. to mean persons; s. 2 above).—To bibl. in TW add RKnox, Trials of a Translator ’49, 66–73; AHumbert, Biblica 35, ’54, 1–28 (synoptics).—DELG. M-M. DBS XII 49–66. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
58 συγκυρία
συγκυρία, ας, ἡ (κυρέω ‘hit, light upon’, then ‘come to pass’; Hippocr.: CMG I/1 p. 42, 16; 1 Km 6:9 Sym.; Hesych.) an unexpected conjunction of events, coincidence, chance κατὰ συγκυρίαν by coincidence (Eustath., In Il. 3, 23 p. 376, 11) Lk 10:31 (συγτυχείαν=συντυχείαν P75c; τύχᾳ D).—DELG s.v. κύρω. M-M. -
59 συμφυλέτης
συμφυλέτης, ου, ὁ (φυλή; Gr-Rom. ins IG XII/2, 505, 18 [II B.C.]; Doxogr. Gr. 655, 8; Rhet. Gr. VII 49, 22; Isocr. 12, 145 Bl. v.l.; Herodian Gramm., Philetaerus 475 [in the edition of Moeris by JPierson p. 351]; Hesych.) one who is a member of the same tribe or people group, compatriot; pl. one’s people 1 Th 2:14.—DELG s.v. φῦλον. M-M. -
60 συνετίζω
συνετίζω fut. συνετιῶ; 1 aor. impv. συνέτισον; inf. συνετίσαι LXX (Rhet. Gr. I 584, 30; LXX; ApcMos 13) cause to understand τινά someone (TestLevi 4:5; 9:8; Hesych.; Suda) Hm 4, 2, 1. Pass. be given insight Dg 12:9.
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hesych — o (G). Still, quiet … Dictionary of word roots and combining forms
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PHRYGIONES — οἱ βελονοποικιλταὶ, acupictores, dicti Veterib. quos hodie Galli Brodeurs vocant, sicut iisdem opus phrygionicum dicitur ovurage en broderie. Hi variis argumentis vestes, pulvinaria, stragula, soliaria et coetera id genus depingebant. Verro apud… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
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