hesternus

* * *

R, r, indecl. n. or (sc. littera) f.

The seventeenth letter of the Latin alphabet, which derives its form from the Greek P, but is not, like that, aspirated. Thus Burrus, arrabo, were originally written for Purros, arrabôn. In words borrowed from the Greek, an h was subsequently appended to the r, as a sign of the spiritus asper. On account of its vibratory sound, resembling the snarling of a dog, r is called by Persius littera canina, Sat. 1, 109; cf. Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 100 P. —

In many words, r medial and final (but not initial) represents an original s. Tradition ascribes the introduction of r for s to Appius Claudius Caecus, consul 446 and 457 A. U. C., or to L. Papirius Crassus, consul 417 A. U. C., Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 36; Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 2. Examples of a change of s into r are: asa, lases, plusima, meliosem, meliosibus, foedesum, Fusius, Papisius, Valesius, fusvos, janitos, into ara, lares, plurima, meliorem, melioribus, foederum, Furius, Papirius, Valerius, furvus, janitor; heri (compared with hesternus and the Greek chthes); so, too, dirimo is formed from dis-emo. Cf. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll.; Cic. l. l.; Quint. 1, 4, 13; Ter. Scaur. p. 2252 and 2258 P.; Fest. s. v. Aureliam, p. 20; R pro S, p. 134; pignosa, p. 198. Both sounds have maintained their place in some substantives of the third declension ending in or or os (arbor, color, honor, labor, lepor, etc., and also arbos, colos, honos, labos, lepos, etc.); so in quaeso, quaesumus, also written quaero, quaerimus; cf. nasus and naris, pulvis and pulver, etc.— The converse change of an original r into s appears very doubtful. Forms like hesternus (from heri), festus (also feriae), ustum (from uro), etc., indicate rather an original s, when compared with arbustum also arboretum, and majusculus also major.— For the relation of the r to d and l, v. D and L. —

R is assimilated,

Most freq. before l: libellus, tenellus, intellego, pellicio, from liber, tener, inter-lego, per-lacio, v. the art. per. —

Before s: dossuarius, from dorsum. —

R is elided in pejero (from perjuro), and in the forms crebesco, rubesco, susum, also written crebresco, rubresco, sursum, etc. —

As an abbreviation, R. signifies Romanus, also Rufus, recte, reficiendum, regnum, ripa, et mult. al.; R.P. respublica; R.R. rationes relatae (cf. Fest. p. 228 Müll.).

R, r, indecl. n. or (sc. littera) f.

The seventeenth letter of the Latin alphabet, which derives its form from the Greek P, but is not, like that, aspirated. Thus Burrus, arrabo, were originally written for Purros, arrabôn. In words borrowed from the Greek, an h was subsequently appended to the r, as a sign of the spiritus asper. On account of its vibratory sound, resembling the snarling of a dog, r is called by Persius littera canina, Sat. 1, 109; cf. Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 100 P. —

In many words, r medial and final (but not initial) represents an original s. Tradition ascribes the introduction of r for s to Appius Claudius Caecus, consul 446 and 457 A. U. C., or to L. Papirius Crassus, consul 417 A. U. C., Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 36; Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 2. Examples of a change of s into r are: asa, lases, plusima, meliosem, meliosibus, foedesum, Fusius, Papisius, Valesius, fusvos, janitos, into ara, lares, plurima, meliorem, melioribus, foederum, Furius, Papirius, Valerius, furvus, janitor; heri (compared with hesternus and the Greek chthes); so, too, dirimo is formed from dis-emo. Cf. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll.; Cic. l. l.; Quint. 1, 4, 13; Ter. Scaur. p. 2252 and 2258 P.; Fest. s. v. Aureliam, p. 20; R pro S, p. 134; pignosa, p. 198. Both sounds have maintained their place in some substantives of the third declension ending in or or os (arbor, color, honor, labor, lepor, etc., and also arbos, colos, honos, labos, lepos, etc.); so in quaeso, quaesumus, also written quaero, quaerimus; cf. nasus and naris, pulvis and pulver, etc.— The converse change of an original r into s appears very doubtful. Forms like hesternus (from heri), festus (also feriae), ustum (from uro), etc., indicate rather an original s, when compared with arbustum also arboretum, and majusculus also major.— For the relation of the r to d and l, v. D and L. —

R is assimilated,

Most freq. before l: libellus, tenellus, intellego, pellicio, from liber, tener, inter-lego, per-lacio, v. the art. per. —

Before s: dossuarius, from dorsum. —

R is elided in pejero (from perjuro), and in the forms crebesco, rubesco, susum, also written crebresco, rubresco, sursum, etc. —

As an abbreviation, R. signifies Romanus, also Rufus, recte, reficiendum, regnum, ripa, et mult. al.; R.P. respublica; R.R. rationes relatae (cf. Fest. p. 228 Müll.).

adv. only with the prep. í;

1) yesterday (vara þat nú né í gær);

2) poet. tomorrow (þótt nú eðr gær deyjum).

* * *

adv., also spelt gör and gjar, esp. in Norse MSS., but also freq. in Fb., Stj., D. N. passim; [A. S. gestran, gestran dag; Engl. yesterday; O. H. G. gestar; Germ. gestern; Dan. gaar; Swed. går; Lat. heri, hesternus; Gr. χθές; cp. also Engl. yore, answering to the form gör]:—yesterday; only with the prep. í, í gær, Fms. vii, 168, passim.

II. [Ulf. renders αὔριον, Matth. vi. 30, by gestradagis, and that this is no mistake or corruption in the Gothic text is shewn by the fact that in the old Icel. or Scandin. poems gör occurs two or three times in the very same sense]:—to-morrow; in the phrases, nú eða í gör, now or by to-morrow; í dag eðr gör, to-day or to-morrow: hvárt skolum nú eða í gör deyja, whether we are to die now or to-morrow, Hðm. 31; and varat mér ráðinn dauði í dag eða gör, I was not fated to die to-day or to-morrow, Landn. (in a verse composed in Icel. about the middle of the 10th century). Uppström, the learned Swedish editor of Ulfilas, has duly noticed the passage in Hðm. as corroborative of the Gothic text.

ind. (gaṇa svar-ādi) yesterday RV. etc. etc.

aeternus, a, um, adj. [contr. from aeviternus, Varr. L. L. 6, § 11 Müll., from aevum, with the termination -ternus as in sempiternus, hesternus], without beginning or end, eternal (sempiternus denotes what is perpetual, what exists as long as time endures, and keeps even pace with it; aeternus, the eternal, that which is raised above all time, and can be measured only by œons (aiônes, indefinite periods);

for Tempus est pars quaedam aeternitatis,

Cic. Inv. 1, 27, 39. Thus the sublime thought, without beginning and end, is more vividly suggested by aeternus than by sempiternus, since the former has more direct reference to the long duration of the eternal, which has neither beginning nor end. Sempiternus is rather a mathematical, aeternus a metaphysical, designation of eternity, Doed. Syn. I. p. 3).

Lit.

Of the past and future, eternal:

deus beatus et aeternus,

Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 88:

nihil quod ortum sit, aeternum esse potest,

id. N. D. 1, 8:

O Pater, o hominum rerumque aeterna Potestas,

Verg. A. 10, 18:

di semper fuerunt, nati numquam sunt, siquidem aeterni sunt futuri,

Cic. N. D. 1, 32, 90:

idem legis perpetuae et aeternae vim Jovem dicit esse,

id. ib. 1, 15, 40:

nomen Domini Dei aeterni,

Vulg. Gen. 21, 33; ib. Rom. 16, 26:

aeternum tempus,

Lucr. 1, 582:

causae immutabiles eaeque aeternae,

Cic. Fat. 12, 48. —

Of the future, everlasting, endless, immortal:

natura animi... neque nata certe est et aeterna est,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 23:

virorum bonorum mentes divinae mihi atque aeternae videntur esse,

id. Rab. 29:

aeternam timuerunt noctem,

Verg. G. 1, 468:

Quod semper movetur, aeternum est,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 23:

Quidquid est illud quod sentit... caeleste et divinum ob eamque rem aeternum sit, necesse est,

id. ib. 1, 27:

ut habeam vitam aeternam,

Vulg. Matt. 19, 16; ib. Joan. 3, 15; ib. Rom. 2, 7:

in sanguine testamenti aeterni,

ib. Heb. 13, 20:

tu Juppiter bonorum inimicos aeternis suppliciis vivos mortuosque mactabis,

Cic. Cat. 2, 13:

ibunt in supplicium aeternum,

Vulg. Matt. 25, 46: [p. 64] aeternas poenas in morte timendumst, Lucr. 1, 111:

mitti in ignem aeternum,

Vulg. Matt. 18, 8.—

Of the past:

ex aeterno tempore quaeque Nunc etiam superare necessest corpora rebus,

from eternity, Lucr. 1, 578:

motum animorum nullo a principio, sed ex aeterno tempore intellegi convenire,

Cic. Fin. 1, 6.—

Spec. of objects of nature, which the ancients regarded as stable and perpetual, everlasting, eternal: aeterna templa caeli, Poët. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, 11, p. 77 Müll.:

aeternam lampada mundi,

Lucr. 5, 402:

micant aeterni sidera mundi,

id. 5, 514:

aeterna domus, i. e. caelum,

Cic. Rep. 6, 23:

donec veniret desiderium collium aeternorum,

the everlasting hills, Vulg. Gen. 49, 26; ib. Ps. 75, 5; cf. ib. Ps. 103, 5.—

Meton., of indef. long time.

Of the future, lasting, enduring, everlasting, perpetual:

aeterni parietes,

Plin. 35, 14, 49, § 172:

dehinc spero aeternam inter nos gratiam fore,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 33:

aeternus luctus,

Lucr. 3, 924:

dolor,

id. 3, 1003:

vulnus,

id. 2, 369; so Verg. A. 1, 36:

aerumna,

Cic. Sen. 34:

mala,

Verg. Cul. 130:

bellum,

Cic. Cat. 4, 22:

dedecus,

id. Font. 88:

imperium,

id. Rab. 33; so Verg. A. 1, 230:

versūs,

Lucr. 1, 121:

ignis sacerdotis,

Cic. Font. 47:

gloria,

id. Cat. 4, 21:

laus,

id. Planc. 26:

memoria,

id. Verr. 4, 69:

non dubitat Lentulum aeternis tenebris vinculisque mandare,

id. Cat. 4, 10.—Comic.:

spero me ob hunc nuntium aeternum adepturum cibum,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 13. Esp. of Rome:

aeterna urbs,

the Eternal City, Tib. 2, 5, 23; Ov. F. 3, 72; Cod. Th. 10, 16, 1; Symm. Ep. 3, 55; Inscr. Orell. 2, 1140.— Comp.: nec est ulli ligno aeternior natura. Plin. 14, 1, 2, § 9:

aeterniora mala,

Lact. Epit. 9.—

Of the past, of yore, of old:

ablue corpus alluvii aeternisque sordibus squalidum,

Curt. 4, 1, 22.—

Adv. phrases.

in aeter-num.

Lit., forever, everlastingly:

et vivat in aeternum,

Vulg. Gen. 3, 22:

hoc nomen mihi est in aeternum,

ib. Exod. 3, 15:

Dominus in aeternum permanet,

ib. Psa. 9, 8:

vivet in aeternum,

ib. Joan. 6, 52:

Tu es sacerdos in aeternum,

ib. Heb. 5, 6:

non habebit remissionem in aeternum,

ib. Marc. 3, 29.—

Meton., of indef. long time, forever, always:

urbs in aeternum condita,

Liv. 4, 4:

leges in aeternum latae,

id. 34, 6:

(proverbia) durant in aeternum,

Quint. 5, 11, 41:

delatores non in praesens tantum, sed in aeternum repressisti,

Plin. Pan. 35:

(famulos) possidebitis in aeternum,

Vulg. Lev. 25, 46:

(servus) serviet tibi usque in aeternum,

ib. Deut. 15, 17:

ut sceleris memoria maneat in aeternum,

Lact. 1, 11.—

aeternum.

Lit., forever:

sedet aeternumque sedebit Infelix Theseus,

Verg. A. 6, 617:

ut aeternum illum reciperes,

Vulg. Phil. 15 (prob. here an adv.).—

Meton., of indef. long time, forever, always:

serviet aeternum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 41.—

Of what is continually repeated, constantly, again and again (as in colloq. Engl., everlastingly, eternally):

glaebaque versis Aeternum frangenda bidentibus,

Verg. G. 2, 400:

ingens janitor Aeternum latrans (of Cerberus),

id. A. 6, 401.—

aeternō, meton., of indef. long time, forever, perpetually:

viret aeterno hunc fontem igneum contegens fraxinus,

Plin. 2, 107, 111, § 240:

BVSTA TVTA AETERNO MANEANT,

Inscr. Orell. 4517.

aeternus, a, um, adj. [contr. from aeviternus, Varr. L. L. 6, § 11 Müll., from aevum, with the termination -ternus as in sempiternus, hesternus], without beginning or end, eternal (sempiternus denotes what is perpetual, what exists as long as time endures, and keeps even pace with it; aeternus, the eternal, that which is raised above all time, and can be measured only by œons (aiônes, indefinite periods);

for Tempus est pars quaedam aeternitatis,

Cic. Inv. 1, 27, 39. Thus the sublime thought, without beginning and end, is more vividly suggested by aeternus than by sempiternus, since the former has more direct reference to the long duration of the eternal, which has neither beginning nor end. Sempiternus is rather a mathematical, aeternus a metaphysical, designation of eternity, Doed. Syn. I. p. 3).

Lit.

Of the past and future, eternal:

deus beatus et aeternus,

Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 88:

nihil quod ortum sit, aeternum esse potest,

id. N. D. 1, 8:

O Pater, o hominum rerumque aeterna Potestas,

Verg. A. 10, 18:

di semper fuerunt, nati numquam sunt, siquidem aeterni sunt futuri,

Cic. N. D. 1, 32, 90:

idem legis perpetuae et aeternae vim Jovem dicit esse,

id. ib. 1, 15, 40:

nomen Domini Dei aeterni,

Vulg. Gen. 21, 33; ib. Rom. 16, 26:

aeternum tempus,

Lucr. 1, 582:

causae immutabiles eaeque aeternae,

Cic. Fat. 12, 48. —

Of the future, everlasting, endless, immortal:

natura animi... neque nata certe est et aeterna est,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 23:

virorum bonorum mentes divinae mihi atque aeternae videntur esse,

id. Rab. 29:

aeternam timuerunt noctem,

Verg. G. 1, 468:

Quod semper movetur, aeternum est,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 23:

Quidquid est illud quod sentit... caeleste et divinum ob eamque rem aeternum sit, necesse est,

id. ib. 1, 27:

ut habeam vitam aeternam,

Vulg. Matt. 19, 16; ib. Joan. 3, 15; ib. Rom. 2, 7:

in sanguine testamenti aeterni,

ib. Heb. 13, 20:

tu Juppiter bonorum inimicos aeternis suppliciis vivos mortuosque mactabis,

Cic. Cat. 2, 13:

ibunt in supplicium aeternum,

Vulg. Matt. 25, 46: [p. 64] aeternas poenas in morte timendumst, Lucr. 1, 111:

mitti in ignem aeternum,

Vulg. Matt. 18, 8.—

Of the past:

ex aeterno tempore quaeque Nunc etiam superare necessest corpora rebus,

from eternity, Lucr. 1, 578:

motum animorum nullo a principio, sed ex aeterno tempore intellegi convenire,

Cic. Fin. 1, 6.—

Spec. of objects of nature, which the ancients regarded as stable and perpetual, everlasting, eternal: aeterna templa caeli, Poët. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, 11, p. 77 Müll.:

aeternam lampada mundi,

Lucr. 5, 402:

micant aeterni sidera mundi,

id. 5, 514:

aeterna domus, i. e. caelum,

Cic. Rep. 6, 23:

donec veniret desiderium collium aeternorum,

the everlasting hills, Vulg. Gen. 49, 26; ib. Ps. 75, 5; cf. ib. Ps. 103, 5.—

Meton., of indef. long time.

Of the future, lasting, enduring, everlasting, perpetual:

aeterni parietes,

Plin. 35, 14, 49, § 172:

dehinc spero aeternam inter nos gratiam fore,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 33:

aeternus luctus,

Lucr. 3, 924:

dolor,

id. 3, 1003:

vulnus,

id. 2, 369; so Verg. A. 1, 36:

aerumna,

Cic. Sen. 34:

mala,

Verg. Cul. 130:

bellum,

Cic. Cat. 4, 22:

dedecus,

id. Font. 88:

imperium,

id. Rab. 33; so Verg. A. 1, 230:

versūs,

Lucr. 1, 121:

ignis sacerdotis,

Cic. Font. 47:

gloria,

id. Cat. 4, 21:

laus,

id. Planc. 26:

memoria,

id. Verr. 4, 69:

non dubitat Lentulum aeternis tenebris vinculisque mandare,

id. Cat. 4, 10.—Comic.:

spero me ob hunc nuntium aeternum adepturum cibum,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 13. Esp. of Rome:

aeterna urbs,

the Eternal City, Tib. 2, 5, 23; Ov. F. 3, 72; Cod. Th. 10, 16, 1; Symm. Ep. 3, 55; Inscr. Orell. 2, 1140.— Comp.: nec est ulli ligno aeternior natura. Plin. 14, 1, 2, § 9:

aeterniora mala,

Lact. Epit. 9.—

Of the past, of yore, of old:

ablue corpus alluvii aeternisque sordibus squalidum,

Curt. 4, 1, 22.—

Adv. phrases.

in aeter-num.

Lit., forever, everlastingly:

et vivat in aeternum,

Vulg. Gen. 3, 22:

hoc nomen mihi est in aeternum,

ib. Exod. 3, 15:

Dominus in aeternum permanet,

ib. Psa. 9, 8:

vivet in aeternum,

ib. Joan. 6, 52:

Tu es sacerdos in aeternum,

ib. Heb. 5, 6:

non habebit remissionem in aeternum,

ib. Marc. 3, 29.—

Meton., of indef. long time, forever, always:

urbs in aeternum condita,

Liv. 4, 4:

leges in aeternum latae,

id. 34, 6:

(proverbia) durant in aeternum,

Quint. 5, 11, 41:

delatores non in praesens tantum, sed in aeternum repressisti,

Plin. Pan. 35:

(famulos) possidebitis in aeternum,

Vulg. Lev. 25, 46:

(servus) serviet tibi usque in aeternum,

ib. Deut. 15, 17:

ut sceleris memoria maneat in aeternum,

Lact. 1, 11.—

aeternum.

Lit., forever:

sedet aeternumque sedebit Infelix Theseus,

Verg. A. 6, 617:

ut aeternum illum reciperes,

Vulg. Phil. 15 (prob. here an adv.).—

Meton., of indef. long time, forever, always:

serviet aeternum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 41.—

Of what is continually repeated, constantly, again and again (as in colloq. Engl., everlastingly, eternally):

glaebaque versis Aeternum frangenda bidentibus,

Verg. G. 2, 400:

ingens janitor Aeternum latrans (of Cerberus),

id. A. 6, 401.—

aeternō, meton., of indef. long time, forever, perpetually:

viret aeterno hunc fontem igneum contegens fraxinus,

Plin. 2, 107, 111, § 240:

BVSTA TVTA AETERNO MANEANT,

Inscr. Orell. 4517.

hĕri or hĕre (in here neque e plane neque i auditur, Quint. 1, 4, 7:

here nunc e littera terminamus: at veterum comicorum adhuc libris invenio: Heri ad me venit, quod idem in epistulis Augusti, quas sua manu scripsit aut emendavit, deprehenditur,

id. 1, 7, 22; cf. Charis. p. 180 P.; Prisc. p. 1011 ib.; v. esp. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 685), adv. [for hesi; cf. hes in hesternus; v. the letter R; kindred with Sanscr. hyas; Goth. gis-tra; Germ. gestern; Engl. yesterday; Gr. chthes, orig. ches], yesterday.

Lit.

Form heri (perh. only so in Cic.): Septembris heri Calendae, hodie ater dies, Afran. ap. Non. 73, 33; cf.:

hoc heri effecit: hodie autem, etc.,

Cic. Att. 10, 13, 1 (al. here):

ubi est hodie, quae Lyra fulsit heri?

Ov. F. 2, 76:

heri jam edixeram omnibus,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 15:

quemne ego heri vidi ad vos afferri vesperi?

Ter. And. 4, 4, 29:

heri vesperi apud me Hirtius fuit,

Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 1:

heri vesperi,

id. Att. 13, 47, 2; 15, 11, 4:

ut heri dicebam,

id. Rep. 3, 31 fin.; cf.:

cum heri ipsi dixeris, te, etc.,

id. ib. 3, 21:

heri,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 58; id. Eun. 1, 2, 3; 89; id. Heaut. 3, 2, 8; id. Hec. 1, 2, 115; id. Phorm. 1, 1, 2; Afran. ap. Charis. p. 180 et saep.—

Form here (a few times in Plaut., once in Cic., and after the Aug. per. most freq.):

hoc here effecit,

Cic. Att. 10, 13, 1:

res hodie minor est, here quam fuit, ac eadem cras, etc.,

Juv. 3, 23:

here venisti mediā nocte,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 16; id. Truc. 2, 6, 28; id. Mil. 1, 1, 59:

mihi quaerenti convivam dictus here illic De medio potare die,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 2:

hic here Phrixeae vellera pressit ovis,

Ov. F. 3, 852: dura, anime, dura, here fortior fuisti, Gallio ap. Quint. 9, 2, 91; Mart. 1, 44, 2; 3, 12, 2; 4, 7, 5.—

Transf., of time just past, a short time ago, lately (very rare):

Papias leges heri Severus exclusit,

Tert. Apol. 4; Dig. 47, 10, 7, § 2: sordebant tibi villicae, Concubine, hodie atque heri, Nunc, etc., but a short time ago, the other day (an imitation of the Gr. chthes kai prôên), Cat. 61, 133; Prop. 3, 15, 1.

aeternus, a, um, adj. [contr. from aeviternus, Varr. L. L. 6, § 11 Müll., from aevum, with the termination -ternus as in sempiternus, hesternus], without beginning or end, eternal (sempiternus denotes what is perpetual, what exists as long as time endures, and keeps even pace with it; aeternus, the eternal, that which is raised above all time, and can be measured only by œons (aiônes, indefinite periods);

for Tempus est pars quaedam aeternitatis,

Cic. Inv. 1, 27, 39. Thus the sublime thought, without beginning and end, is more vividly suggested by aeternus than by sempiternus, since the former has more direct reference to the long duration of the eternal, which has neither beginning nor end. Sempiternus is rather a mathematical, aeternus a metaphysical, designation of eternity, Doed. Syn. I. p. 3).

Lit.

Of the past and future, eternal:

deus beatus et aeternus,

Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 88:

nihil quod ortum sit, aeternum esse potest,

id. N. D. 1, 8:

O Pater, o hominum rerumque aeterna Potestas,

Verg. A. 10, 18:

di semper fuerunt, nati numquam sunt, siquidem aeterni sunt futuri,

Cic. N. D. 1, 32, 90:

idem legis perpetuae et aeternae vim Jovem dicit esse,

id. ib. 1, 15, 40:

nomen Domini Dei aeterni,

Vulg. Gen. 21, 33; ib. Rom. 16, 26:

aeternum tempus,

Lucr. 1, 582:

causae immutabiles eaeque aeternae,

Cic. Fat. 12, 48. —

Of the future, everlasting, endless, immortal:

natura animi... neque nata certe est et aeterna est,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 23:

virorum bonorum mentes divinae mihi atque aeternae videntur esse,

id. Rab. 29:

aeternam timuerunt noctem,

Verg. G. 1, 468:

Quod semper movetur, aeternum est,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 23:

Quidquid est illud quod sentit... caeleste et divinum ob eamque rem aeternum sit, necesse est,

id. ib. 1, 27:

ut habeam vitam aeternam,

Vulg. Matt. 19, 16; ib. Joan. 3, 15; ib. Rom. 2, 7:

in sanguine testamenti aeterni,

ib. Heb. 13, 20:

tu Juppiter bonorum inimicos aeternis suppliciis vivos mortuosque mactabis,

Cic. Cat. 2, 13:

ibunt in supplicium aeternum,

Vulg. Matt. 25, 46: [p. 64] aeternas poenas in morte timendumst, Lucr. 1, 111:

mitti in ignem aeternum,

Vulg. Matt. 18, 8.—

Of the past:

ex aeterno tempore quaeque Nunc etiam superare necessest corpora rebus,

from eternity, Lucr. 1, 578:

motum animorum nullo a principio, sed ex aeterno tempore intellegi convenire,

Cic. Fin. 1, 6.—

Spec. of objects of nature, which the ancients regarded as stable and perpetual, everlasting, eternal: aeterna templa caeli, Poët. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, 11, p. 77 Müll.:

aeternam lampada mundi,

Lucr. 5, 402:

micant aeterni sidera mundi,

id. 5, 514:

aeterna domus, i. e. caelum,

Cic. Rep. 6, 23:

donec veniret desiderium collium aeternorum,

the everlasting hills, Vulg. Gen. 49, 26; ib. Ps. 75, 5; cf. ib. Ps. 103, 5.—

Meton., of indef. long time.

Of the future, lasting, enduring, everlasting, perpetual:

aeterni parietes,

Plin. 35, 14, 49, § 172:

dehinc spero aeternam inter nos gratiam fore,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 33:

aeternus luctus,

Lucr. 3, 924:

dolor,

id. 3, 1003:

vulnus,

id. 2, 369; so Verg. A. 1, 36:

aerumna,

Cic. Sen. 34:

mala,

Verg. Cul. 130:

bellum,

Cic. Cat. 4, 22:

dedecus,

id. Font. 88:

imperium,

id. Rab. 33; so Verg. A. 1, 230:

versūs,

Lucr. 1, 121:

ignis sacerdotis,

Cic. Font. 47:

gloria,

id. Cat. 4, 21:

laus,

id. Planc. 26:

memoria,

id. Verr. 4, 69:

non dubitat Lentulum aeternis tenebris vinculisque mandare,

id. Cat. 4, 10.—Comic.:

spero me ob hunc nuntium aeternum adepturum cibum,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 13. Esp. of Rome:

aeterna urbs,

the Eternal City, Tib. 2, 5, 23; Ov. F. 3, 72; Cod. Th. 10, 16, 1; Symm. Ep. 3, 55; Inscr. Orell. 2, 1140.— Comp.: nec est ulli ligno aeternior natura. Plin. 14, 1, 2, § 9:

aeterniora mala,

Lact. Epit. 9.—

Of the past, of yore, of old:

ablue corpus alluvii aeternisque sordibus squalidum,

Curt. 4, 1, 22.—

Adv. phrases.

in aeter-num.

Lit., forever, everlastingly:

et vivat in aeternum,

Vulg. Gen. 3, 22:

hoc nomen mihi est in aeternum,

ib. Exod. 3, 15:

Dominus in aeternum permanet,

ib. Psa. 9, 8:

vivet in aeternum,

ib. Joan. 6, 52:

Tu es sacerdos in aeternum,

ib. Heb. 5, 6:

non habebit remissionem in aeternum,

ib. Marc. 3, 29.—

Meton., of indef. long time, forever, always:

urbs in aeternum condita,

Liv. 4, 4:

leges in aeternum latae,

id. 34, 6:

(proverbia) durant in aeternum,

Quint. 5, 11, 41:

delatores non in praesens tantum, sed in aeternum repressisti,

Plin. Pan. 35:

(famulos) possidebitis in aeternum,

Vulg. Lev. 25, 46:

(servus) serviet tibi usque in aeternum,

ib. Deut. 15, 17:

ut sceleris memoria maneat in aeternum,

Lact. 1, 11.—

aeternum.

Lit., forever:

sedet aeternumque sedebit Infelix Theseus,

Verg. A. 6, 617:

ut aeternum illum reciperes,

Vulg. Phil. 15 (prob. here an adv.).—

Meton., of indef. long time, forever, always:

serviet aeternum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 41.—

Of what is continually repeated, constantly, again and again (as in colloq. Engl., everlastingly, eternally):

glaebaque versis Aeternum frangenda bidentibus,

Verg. G. 2, 400:

ingens janitor Aeternum latrans (of Cerberus),

id. A. 6, 401.—

aeternō, meton., of indef. long time, forever, perpetually:

viret aeterno hunc fontem igneum contegens fraxinus,

Plin. 2, 107, 111, § 240:

BVSTA TVTA AETERNO MANEANT,

Inscr. Orell. 4517.

sempĭternus, a, um, adj. [semper; like hesternus and aeternus, from heri and aevum], everlasting, ever-during, perpetual, continual, imperishable, eternal, sempiternal (cf. aeternus init.;

very freq. and class.): fragile corpus animus sempiternus movet, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 6, 24, 26; cf. id. N. D. 3, 12, 29:

immortalis memoria et sempiterna,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 15:

deorum vita sempiterna,

Ter. And. 5, 5, 3; cf.:

aevo sempiterno frui,

Cic. Rep. 6, 13, 13:

ignes,

id. ib. 6, 15, 15; cf.:

cursus stellarum,

id. ib. 6, 17, 17:

gratias agere sempiternas,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 84:

amicus,

id. Most. 1, 3, 90; id. Pers. 1, 1, 36; cf.:

verae amicitiae,

Cic. Lael. 9, 32; so,

hiemes,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 4:

ignis Vestae,

Cic. Cat. 4, 9, 18:

documentum Persarum sceleris,

id. Rep. 3, 9, 15:

memoria amicitiae nostrae,

id. Lael. 4, 15:

odia,

id. ib. 10, 35:

consilium senatus,

id. Sest. 65, 137:

potentia,

Tac. A. 3, 30 et saep.:

nihil umquam nisi sempiternum et divinum animo volutare,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 28:

nihil nisi sempiternum spectare,

id. Rab. Perd. 10, 29:

in sempiternum,

forever, Vulg. Deut. 5, 29 et saep. — Adv., in three forms (not in Cic.), always, forever, perpetually. *

sempĭ-ternum, Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 26.—

sem-pĭternō, Cato ap. Charis. p. 194 P.:

sempiterno permanet ea materia,

Vitr. 1, 5; 9, 1, 2; Sol. 35, 5.—

sempĭternē, Pac. ap. Non. 170, 20; Claud. Mam. Stat. An. 1, 3.

χθές, Adv. (lengthd. [full] ἐχθές (q.v.); where the word occurs in

A NT, Ev.Jo.4.52, Act.Ap.7.28, Ep.Hebr.13.8, codd. vary betw. ἐχθές and χθές; χθές is not found in Ptolemaic papyri, but in PLond.2.161.8 (iii A. D.)):—yesterday, h.Merc.273, Th.3.113, Pl.R. 327a, Smp. 174a, etc.: freq. placed between Art. and Subst., ἡ χ. ὁμολογία, οἱ χ. λόγοι, Pl.Sph. 216a, Ti. 26e;

τῇ χ. ἡμέρᾳ Plu.2.773e

; χ. μὲν.., τὰ νῦν δὲ .. Pl.Ti. 17a: freq. πρώην τε καὶ χ., χ. καὶ πρώην, v. πρώην 11; χ. καὶ τρίτην ἡμέραν v.l. in X.Cyr.6.3.11, cf. LXX Ge.31.2. (Cf. Skt. hyás 'yesterday', Lat. heri, hesternus, OHG. gestaron 'yesterday', etc.)