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21 Charpy, Augustin Georges Albert
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 1 September 1865 Ouillins, Rhône, Franced. 25 November 1945 Paris, France[br]French metallurgist, originator of the Charpy pendulum impact method of testing metals.[br]After graduating in chemistry from the Ecole Polytechnique in 1887, Charpy continued to work there on the physical chemistry of solutions for his doctorate. He joined the Laboratoire d'Artillerie de la Marine in 1892 and began to study the structure and mechanical properties of various steels in relation to their previous heat treatment. His first memoir, on the mechanical properties of steels quenched from various temperatures, was published in 1892 on the advice of Henri Le Chatelier. He joined the Compagnie de Chatillon Commentry Fourchamboult et Decazeville at their steelworks in Imphy in 1898, shortly after the discovery of Invar by G.E. Guillaume. Most of the alloys required for this investigation had been prepared at Imphy, and their laboratories were therefore well equipped with sensitive and refined dilatometric facilities. Charpy and his colleague L.Grenet utilized this technique in many of their earlier investigations, which were largely concerned with the transformation points of steel. He began to study the magnetic characteristics of silicon steels in 1902, shortly after their use as transformer laminations had first been proposed by Hadfield and his colleagues in 1900. Charpy was the first to show that the magnetic hysteresis of these alloys decreased rapidly as their grain size increased.The first details of Charpy's pendulum impact testing machine were published in 1901, about two years before Izod read his paper to the British Association. As with Izod's machine, the energy of fracture was measured by the retardation of the pendulum. Charpy's test pieces, however, unlike those of Izod, were in the form of centrally notched beams, freely supported at each end against rigid anvils. This arrangement, it was believed, transmitted less energy to the frame of the machine and allowed the energy of fracture to be more accurately measured. In practice, however, the blow of the pendulum in the Charpy test caused visible distortion in the specimen as a whole. Both tests were still widely used in the 1990s.In 1920 Charpy left Imphy to become Director-General of the Compagnie des Aciéries de la Marine et Homecourt. After his election to the Académie des Sciences in 1918, he came to be associated with Floris Osmond and Henri Le Chatelier as one of the founders of the "French School of Physical Metallurgy". Around the turn of the century he had contributed much to the development of the metallurgical microscope and had helped to introduce the Chatelier thermocouple into the laboratory and to industry. He also popularized the use of platinum-wound resistance furnaces for laboratory purposes. After 1920 his industrial responsibilities increased greatly, although he continued to devote much of his time to teaching at the Ecole Supérieure des Mines in Paris, and at the Ecole Polytechnique. His first book, Leçons de Chimie (1892, Paris), was written at the beginning of his career, in association with H.Gautier. His last, Notions élémentaires de sidérurgie (1946, Paris), with P.Pingault as co-author, was published posthumously.[br]BibliographyCharpy published important metallurgical papers in Comptes rendus… Académie des Sciences, Paris.Further ReadingR.Barthélémy, 1947, "Notice sur la vie et l'oeuvre de Georges Charpy", Notices et discours, Académie des Sciences, Paris (June).M.Caullery, 1945, "Annonce du décès de M.G. Charpy" Comptes rendus Académie des Sciences, Paris 221:677.P.G.Bastien, 1963, "Microscopic metallurgy in France prior to 1920", Sorby Centennial Symposium on the History of Metallurgy, AIME Metallurgical Society Conference Vol.27, pp. 171–88.ASDBiographical history of technology > Charpy, Augustin Georges Albert
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22 анализ
1) analysis
2) <engin.> examination
– активационный анализ
– анализ барический
– анализ взаимодействий
– анализ влияния
– анализ дисперсионный
– анализ затрат
– анализ излома
– анализ имитационный
– анализ кластерный
– анализ комбинаторный
– анализ конфлюентный
– анализ многомерный
– анализ многосторонний
– анализ на микроэлементы
– анализ на модели
– анализ напряжений
– анализ операционный
– анализ отказов
– анализ отмучиванием
– анализ перекрестный
– анализ побочный
– анализ последовательный
– анализ последствий
– анализ предельный
– анализ причинный
– анализ радиоактивности
– анализ разгонкой
– анализ размерностей
– анализ размерный
– анализ регрессивный
– анализ руд
– анализ сетевой
– анализ сжиганием
– анализ системный
– анализ сканированием
– анализ смеси
– анализ спроса
– анализ термогравиметрический
– анализ факторный
– анализ Фурье
– анализ цен
– анализ цепей
– анализ шифра
– анализ шума
– арбитражный анализ
– биохимический анализ
– валовой анализ
– вариационный анализ
– векторный анализ
– весовой анализ
– вещественный анализ
– волюмометрический анализ
– временной анализ
– гармонический анализ
– гранулометрический анализ
– дискретный анализ
– дисперсионный анализ
– дробный анализ
– зольный анализ
– иммерсионный анализ
– капельный анализ
– кинематический анализ
– ковариационный анализ
– количественный анализ
– колориметрический анализ
– кондуктометрический анализ
– конфлюэнтный анализ
– конформационный анализ
– корреляционный анализ
– кристаллографический анализ
– кулонометрический анализ
– люминесцентный анализ
– масс-спектральный анализ
– металлографический анализ
– множественный анализ
– мокрый анализ
– не попадать в анализ
– неорганический анализ
– непрерывный анализ
– нефелометрический анализ
– опережающий анализ
– органолептический анализ
– петрографический анализ
– пирохимический анализ
– поддаваться анализ
– полный анализ
– попадать в анализ
– последовательный анализ
– предварительный анализ
– приближенный анализ
– причинный анализ
– пробирный анализ
– проводить анализ
– радиоактивационный анализ
– радиометрический анализ
– растровый анализ
– регресионный анализ
– рентгенографический анализ
– рентгеноспектральный анализ
– рентгеноструктурный анализ
– рефрактометрический анализ
– седиментационный анализ
– систематический анализ
– ситовый анализ
– спектральный анализ
– спектрографический анализ
– спектрофотометрический анализ
– стробоскопический анализ
– струйный анализ
– структурный анализ
– сухой анализ
– тензорный анализ
– тепловой анализ
– термомагнитный анализ
– технический анализ
– титриметрический анализ
– турбидиметрический анализ
– цветовой анализ
– частичный анализ
– частотно-временной анализ
– частотный анализ
– численный анализ
– электрографический анализ
– элементарный анализ
амплитудный анализ импульсов — pulse-height analysis
анализ барического поля — <meteor.> pressure-field analysis
анализ бесконечно малых — infinitesimal calculus
анализ граничных условий — limit analysis
анализ деятельности предприятия — break-even analysis
анализ дымовых газов — flue-gas analysis
анализ изотопным разбавлением — isotope-dilution analysis
анализ ковшовой пробы — ladle analysis
анализ компромиссных решений — <comput.> trade-off analysis
анализ кривых разгона — transient response analysis
анализ межотраслвейх связей — <comput.> input-output analysis
анализ методом меченых атомов — tracer analysis
анализ методом оплавления — fusion analysis
анализ методом сухого озоления — blow-pipe analysis
анализ методом титрования — titrimetric analysis
анализ нелинейных систем — non-linear system analysis
анализ перекрестных связей — <math.> cross-impact analysis
анализ переходных процессов — transient analysis
анализ плавлением в вакууме — vacuum-fusion analysis
анализ потребительского спроса — marketing analysis
анализ производственной деятельности — activity analysis
анализ рыночных цен по времени — market trend
анализ спектра вибрации — vibration spectrum analysis
анализ стали при выпуске плавки — tapping analysis
анализ сточных вод — sewage analysis
анализ через синтез — analysis by synthesis
машинный анализ цепей — computerized circuit analysis
плавка не попавшая в анализ — diverted heat
состав попадает в анализ — analysis is in control
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23 ввиду того, что
•Since (or Because, or Considering that, or In view of the fact that) the heat of a reaction depends on...
•Because (or Since) normal stars could not be detected as sources of radio emission with the equipment then available,...
* * *Ввиду того, чтоTins is particularly true in view of the fact that we do not yet understand the mechanism responsible for impact behavior.These trends are reasonable inasmuch as higher heating rates correspond to higher values of Grashof number.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > ввиду того, что
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24 выдерживать
•This material will stand the operating conditions.
•The metal forming the hydride should hold up under many cycles of charging and discharging.
•Pure quicklime sustains a temperature of about 2900 К without decomposition.
•These objects must stand up to tremendous impact forces.
•These materials can tolerate (or endure, or stand up to) high heat and rough handling.
•Joints made with these electrodes will withstand bending and stretching operations satisfactorily.
•The material withstands temperatures up to 1260°C without loss of properties.
•Weights up to 500 Ib can be supported on the worktable.
•In an automotive environment, semiconductor chips have to contend with temperatures from -40° to 125°C, high humidity, salt and oil sprays, and vibration.
•Titanium carbide will tolerate (or withstand) wide variations in cutting speed.
•The amplifiers survived the shock very well.
II•The solution was allowed (or left) to stand for 9 hours.
•The catalyst was conditioned for 16 hours under a high vacuum.
•The solution was "aged" for 24hr by standing at room temperature.
•The furnace temperature was lowered and the specimens were held at 850°C for three days for the terminal etching of the grain boundaries.
•The process is accomplished by heating the metal to a high temperature, holding it at this temperature until...
•To season wood...
* * *Выдерживать -- to stand up to, to survive, to endure, to last, to withstand, to tolerate (выживать, не ухудшая своих свойств); to expose, to hold (в определенных условиях); to keep, to hold, to maintain (сохранять)The principal question to be answered was just how well and how long this type of engine would stand up to the marine environment.All these specimens survived a prescribed number of thermal cycles.Specimens lasted 3000 cycles in mercury at stress levels giving 300,000 cycles in air.The maximum shear stress it can withstand is about 40 MPa.The choice of teflon as a coating was based on its ability to tolerate temperatures up to about 290°C.—выдерживать точные допуски наРусско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > выдерживать
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25 выдерживать
•This material will stand the operating conditions.
•The metal forming the hydride should hold up under many cycles of charging and discharging.
•Pure quicklime sustains a temperature of about 2900 К without decomposition.
•These objects must stand up to tremendous impact forces.
•These materials can tolerate (or endure, or stand up to) high heat and rough handling.
•Joints made with these electrodes will withstand bending and stretching operations satisfactorily.
•The material withstands temperatures up to 1260°C without loss of properties.
•Weights up to 500 Ib can be supported on the worktable.
•In an automotive environment, semiconductor chips have to contend with temperatures from -40° to 125°C, high humidity, salt and oil sprays, and vibration.
•Titanium carbide will tolerate (or withstand) wide variations in cutting speed.
•The amplifiers survived the shock very well.
II•The solution was allowed (or left) to stand for 9 hours.
•The catalyst was conditioned for 16 hours under a high vacuum.
•The solution was "aged" for 24hr by standing at room temperature.
•The furnace temperature was lowered and the specimens were held at 850°C for three days for the terminal etching of the grain boundaries.
•The process is accomplished by heating the metal to a high temperature, holding it at this temperature until...
•To season wood...
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > выдерживать
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26 теплостойкие ударопрочные
Makarov: heat-resistant impact-resistantУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > теплостойкие ударопрочные
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27 воздействие
action, effect, exposure, force, forcing, impact, influence, stress* * *возде́йствие с.1. ( действие) action, effect2. ( внешних факторов) exposure (to)подверга́ться возде́йствию — be exposed, be subject toпри возде́йствии — on [from] exposure to (e. g., heat)3. (разрушающее, химически активное и т. п.) attack (e. g., by acid)мета́лл не поддаё́тся возде́йствию кислоты́ — metal stands up to attack by acidмета́лл разруша́ется под возде́йствием кислоты́ — metal succumbs to attack by acid4. ( регулятора на регулируемый объект) action, controlастати́ческое возде́йствие — integral [floating] action, integral [floating] controlвне́шнее возде́йствие — external actionвну́треннее возде́йствие — internal actionвозмуща́ющее возде́йствие — disturbing influence, disturbanceвходно́е возде́йствие — input actionвыходно́е возде́йствие — output actionедини́чное, и́мпульсное возде́йствие — unit impulse function, delta-function, unit impulse inputедини́чное, ступе́нчатое возде́йствие — unit step excitation, unit step function, unit step inputизодро́мное возде́йствие — proportional-plus-integral [PI] action, proportional-plus-integral [PI] controlизодро́мное возде́йствие с предваре́нием — proportional-plus-integral-plus-derivative [PID] action [control]и́мпульсное возде́йствие — impulse excitation, impulse function, impulse inputкорректи́рующее возде́йствие — corrective actionлине́йно-нараста́ющее возде́йствие — ramp excitation, ramp function, ramp inputвозде́йствие по интегра́лу (отклоне́ния) — integral [floating] action, integral [floating] controlпоиско́вое возде́йствие ( в экстремальных системах регулирования) — trial input, test signal (perturbation)возде́йствие по отклоне́нию — proportional action, proportional controlвозде́йствие по произво́дной — derivative [rate] action, derivative [rate] controlвозде́йствие по ско́рости — rate response, rate actionпро́бное возде́йствие ( в экстремальных системах регулирования) — trial input, test signal (perturbation)пропорциона́льное возде́йствие — proportional actionсло́жное возде́йствие — compound actionслуча́йное возде́йствие ( на систему автоматического регулирования) — random input, random functionсоставно́е возде́йствие — compound actionстабилизи́рующее возде́йствие (в следящих системах, приводах и т. п.) — anti-hunt actionступе́нчатое возде́йствие — step excitation, step function, step inputтипово́е возде́йствие (при испытании систем автоматического управления, переходных процессов в целях и т. п.) — standard test excitation, standard test function, standard test input, standard [input] test stimulusуправля́ющее возде́йствие — control action* * * -
28 actividad
f.1 activity.desplegar una gran actividad to be in a flurry of activityen actividad activeactividades para el tiempo libre leisure activities2 alertness.* * *1 activity\estar en plena actividad to be in full swing* * *noun f.1) activity2) work* * *SF1) (=acción) activityestos son meses de escasa actividad en el sector hotelero — these months are not very busy in the hotel sector
ha sido una jornada de escasa actividad bursátil — trading was slow o sluggish on the stock exchange today
en actividad: el volcán aún está en actividad — the volcano is still active
2) (=tarea profesional) workextraescolar* * *a) ( ocupación) activityb) (vida, movimiento) activity* * *= activity, ferment, operation, pursuit, business [businesses, -pl.], proaction, occasion.Ex. The vocabulary used in conjunction with PRECIS is split in two sections, one part for Entities (or things) and the other for Attributes (properties of things, for example colour, weight; activities of things, for example flow, and properties of activities, for example, slow, turbulent).Ex. Despite the ferment that was going on in the scientific information field during the middle years of the decade of the '50's, the ADI was struggling to survive; membership had shrunk to only 200.Ex. With the advent of micro-computers even much smaller cataloguing operations can effectively be computerised.Ex. What is more arguable is whether or not it is a bibliographical pursuit at all since it bears little relationship to the physical nature of the book.Ex. I think this whole business about whether punctuation is obtrusive or not is quite honestly not worth discussing.Ex. Based on their experience of mutual benefit over the past 3 years, both university libraries have transformed the goal of their interinstitutional agreement from protection to proaction.Ex. Children must be involved in important school occasions like school play performances, orchestral and choir concerts.----* actividad al aire libre = outdoor activity.* actividad bibliotecaria = library activity.* actividad comercial = commercial activity.* actividad complementaria = follow-up activity.* actividad conjunta = cooperative effort.* actividad cultural = cultural activity.* actividad de extensión bibliotecaria = outreach activity.* actividad dirigida a recabar fondos = fundraiser [fund-raiser].* actividad editorial = publishing activity.* actividad extraescolar = extra-mural event, after-school activity, out-of-school activity.* actividad física = physical activity.* actividad fundamental = core activity.* actividad investigadora = research activity.* actividad lúdica = recreational activity.* actividad mental = mental activity.* actividad política = political activity.* actividad principal = core activity.* actividad profesional = professional activity.* actividad programada = planned activity.* actividad secundaria = sidelight activity.* actividad social = social activity.* actividad suplementaria = sideline.* bullir de actividad = be a hive of activity.* campo de actividad = area of application.* centro de actividad = focal point.* Clasificación Industrial General de las Actividades Económicas (NACE) = General Industrial Classification of Economic Activities (NACE).* con muchas actividades = event-filled.* desempeñar las actividades de uno = conduct + affairs.* desempeño de actividades = conduct of business.* desempeño de las actividades = conduct of affairs.* diversificar las actividades = branch out (into), branch into.* falta de actividad = inactivity, inaction.* horas de poca actividad = slack hours.* industria de actividades al aire libre, la = outdoor industry, the.* iniciar las actividades = get + things going, get + things rolling, start + the ball rolling, set + the ball rolling.* intervalo de cese de actividad interactiva = interactive timeout interval (ITI).* lleno de actividades = event-filled.* llevar a cabo actividades = conduct + business.* llevar a cabo una actividad = conduct + activity.* memoria de actividad realizada = interim report.* muestreo de actividades = activity sampling.* período de baja actividad = dry spell.* período de poca actividad = slack time, slack period, slack activity time.* planear una actividad = plot + activity.* presupuestación por actividades = performance budgeting.* presupuesto asignado por actividades = performance budget.* programa de actividades = timetable of activities, calendar of events, events calendar.* promover una actividad = launch + activity.* realización de actividades = conduct of business.* realizar actividades = conduct + business, do + activities.* realizar una actividad = engage in + practice, engage in + activity, perform + activity, conduct + activity.* registro de actividades realizadas = logbook [log book].* ser un hervidero de actividad = be a hive of activity.* suspender actividades = cease + activities.* tarea orientada hacia una actividad = activity-oriented task.* tasa de actividad = activity rate.* * *a) ( ocupación) activityb) (vida, movimiento) activity* * *= activity, ferment, operation, pursuit, business [businesses, -pl.], proaction, occasion.Ex: The vocabulary used in conjunction with PRECIS is split in two sections, one part for Entities (or things) and the other for Attributes (properties of things, for example colour, weight; activities of things, for example flow, and properties of activities, for example, slow, turbulent).
Ex: Despite the ferment that was going on in the scientific information field during the middle years of the decade of the '50's, the ADI was struggling to survive; membership had shrunk to only 200.Ex: With the advent of micro-computers even much smaller cataloguing operations can effectively be computerised.Ex: What is more arguable is whether or not it is a bibliographical pursuit at all since it bears little relationship to the physical nature of the book.Ex: I think this whole business about whether punctuation is obtrusive or not is quite honestly not worth discussing.Ex: Based on their experience of mutual benefit over the past 3 years, both university libraries have transformed the goal of their interinstitutional agreement from protection to proaction.Ex: Children must be involved in important school occasions like school play performances, orchestral and choir concerts.* actividad al aire libre = outdoor activity.* actividad bibliotecaria = library activity.* actividad comercial = commercial activity.* actividad complementaria = follow-up activity.* actividad conjunta = cooperative effort.* actividad cultural = cultural activity.* actividad de extensión bibliotecaria = outreach activity.* actividad dirigida a recabar fondos = fundraiser [fund-raiser].* actividad editorial = publishing activity.* actividad extraescolar = extra-mural event, after-school activity, out-of-school activity.* actividad física = physical activity.* actividad fundamental = core activity.* actividad investigadora = research activity.* actividad lúdica = recreational activity.* actividad mental = mental activity.* actividad política = political activity.* actividad principal = core activity.* actividad profesional = professional activity.* actividad programada = planned activity.* actividad secundaria = sidelight activity.* actividad social = social activity.* actividad suplementaria = sideline.* bullir de actividad = be a hive of activity.* campo de actividad = area of application.* centro de actividad = focal point.* Clasificación Industrial General de las Actividades Económicas (NACE) = General Industrial Classification of Economic Activities (NACE).* con muchas actividades = event-filled.* desempeñar las actividades de uno = conduct + affairs.* desempeño de actividades = conduct of business.* desempeño de las actividades = conduct of affairs.* diversificar las actividades = branch out (into), branch into.* falta de actividad = inactivity, inaction.* horas de poca actividad = slack hours.* industria de actividades al aire libre, la = outdoor industry, the.* iniciar las actividades = get + things going, get + things rolling, start + the ball rolling, set + the ball rolling.* intervalo de cese de actividad interactiva = interactive timeout interval (ITI).* lleno de actividades = event-filled.* llevar a cabo actividades = conduct + business.* llevar a cabo una actividad = conduct + activity.* memoria de actividad realizada = interim report.* muestreo de actividades = activity sampling.* período de baja actividad = dry spell.* período de poca actividad = slack time, slack period, slack activity time.* planear una actividad = plot + activity.* presupuestación por actividades = performance budgeting.* presupuesto asignado por actividades = performance budget.* programa de actividades = timetable of activities, calendar of events, events calendar.* promover una actividad = launch + activity.* realización de actividades = conduct of business.* realizar actividades = conduct + business, do + activities.* realizar una actividad = engage in + practice, engage in + activity, perform + activity, conduct + activity.* registro de actividades realizadas = logbook [log book].* ser un hervidero de actividad = be a hive of activity.* suspender actividades = cease + activities.* tarea orientada hacia una actividad = activity-oriented task.* tasa de actividad = activity rate.* * *1 (ocupación) activityactividades extraescolares extracurricular activitiessu actividad profesional her work2 (vida, movimiento) activityhabía mucha actividad en el aeropuerto there was a lot of activity at the airporttodavía queda algo de actividad artesanal en estos pueblos there are still some crafts being practiced in these villagesse registró escasa actividad en la Bolsa trading was slow o there was little movement on the Stock Exchangeun volcán en actividad an active volcanosu actividad mental es continua her mind is constantly active* * *
actividad sustantivo femenino
activity;
actividad sustantivo femenino activity
' actividad' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abrir
- alejada
- alejado
- alta
- apuntarse
- artesanía
- baile
- baja
- borrarse
- cacería
- capitanear
- cardiaca
- cardíaca
- cardiaco
- cardíaco
- catapulta
- cerrarse
- chupada
- chupado
- consagración
- dejar
- devoción
- dominar
- empezar
- esquí
- estampada
- estampado
- hacer
- llenar
- mosquearse
- movimiento
- obstaculizar
- ocuparse
- permanecer
- practicar
- práctica
- propulsar
- ramo
- relación
- respiro
- retirar
- retirada
- retirado
- retirarse
- retiro
- rutinaria
- rutinario
- salida
- saltear
- sastrería
English:
action
- activity
- bandwagon
- business
- change
- chuck in
- cooking
- fall off
- frantic
- go in for
- gym
- heat up
- hive
- involvement
- join
- love
- mindless
- needlework
- offshore
- on
- plumbing
- practice
- practise
- risky
- rowing
- season
- sex
- shifty
- sideline
- spurt
- strenuous
- take up
- time
- work
- writing
- active
- flurry
- pursuit
- side
- slack
- trading
- yesterday
* * *actividad nf1. [trabajo, tarea] activity;mis numerosas actividades no me dejan tiempo para nada I'm involved in so many different activities o things that I have no time for anything else;empezó su actividad como escritor en 1947 he started writing in 1947;una ley que regula la actividad de las agencias de viajes a law that regulates the activities o operation of travel agenciesactividad económica economic activity;tendrá un impacto negativo en la actividad económica mundial it will have a negative impact on world o global economic activity2.actividades [acciones] activities;la policía investiga las actividades de la organización the police are investigating the organization's activities3. [comercial] trading;el mercado registraba una actividad frenética there was furious trading on the markets4. [escolar] activity;un cuaderno de actividades an activities bookactividades extraescolares extra-curricular activities5. [cualidad de activo] activeness;desplegar una gran actividad to be in a flurry of activity;un volcán en actividad an active volcano* * *f activity;actividad comercial trade* * *actividad nf: activity* * *actividad n activity [pl. activities] -
29 macchina
f machine( auto) carfig machinerymacchina fotografica cameramacchina da cucire sewing machinemacchina da presa cine cameramacchina da scrivere typewritermacchina sportiva sports carmacchina a noleggio hire car, rental carfatto a macchina machine made* * *macchina s.f.1 machine; engine; apparatus; (macchinario) machinery, equipment: macchina automatica, automatic (machine); macchina a vapore, steam engine; macchina elettrica, electric (al) machine; macchina termica, heat machine; macchina utensile, machine tool; macchina contabile, accounting machine; macchina per scrivere elettrica, automatica, a testina rotante, electric, type-controlled, golf ball typewriter; battere, scrivere a macchina, to type; macchina fotocopiatrice, photocopying machine (o photocopier); macchina calcolatrice, calculator (o calculating machine); macchina affrancatrice, franking machine; macchina tabulatrice, tabulating machine; macchina per fatturare, invoicing (o billing) machine; macchina telescrivente, teletypewriter (o fam. teletype); macchina distruggi-documenti, shredder; macchina per ufficio, office machinery (o equipment) // macchina lavapiatti, lavastoviglie, dishwasher (o dish-washing machine); macchina per cucire, sewing machine; macchina per maglieria, knitting machine; fatto a macchina, machine-made; lavorazione a macchina, machine work; montare, smontare una macchina, to assemble, to dismantle a machine // sala macchine, engine room // (agr.): macchine agricole, agricultural machinery; macchina per la mietitura, reaping machine // (fot., cinem.): macchina fotografica, camera; macchina da presa, movie camera; macchina da proiezione, projector // (mecc.): macchina per filettare, threading machine (o threader); macchina per il controllo degli ingranaggi, gear testing machine; macchina per prove di trazione, tensile testing machine; macchina per prove d'urto, impact testing machine; macchina per zigrinare, knurling machine // (tess.): macchina cimatrice, shearing machine; macchina per cardare, carding machine // (tip.): macchina compositrice, composing (o typesetting) machine; macchina da stampa, printing press (o printing machine o printer); macchina piegafogli, folding machine; macchina rotativa, rotary press; macchina tagliacarte, paper cutter; andare in macchina, to go to press // (inform.): macchina perforatrice, cardpunch, (amer.) keypunch; codice macchina, machine code2 (automobile) car: siamo venuti in macchina, we drove here; conto di andarci in macchina, I'm thinking of going there by car; siamo andati con la mia macchina, we went in my car; è venuto con la sua macchina nuova, he came in his new car; è partito in macchina mezz'ora fa, he left by car half an hour ago // avere tre macchine di vantaggio, to be three car-lengths ahead ∙ Per ulteriori esempi cfr. auto3 (fig.) machine: la macchina burocratica, bureaucratic machine; la macchina elettorale, the electoral machine; mettere in moto la macchina della giustizia, to set the wheels of justice turning (o the machine of justice in motion) // macchina infernale, infernal machine // non è un uomo, è una macchina, he's not a man, he's a machine.* * *['makkina]1. sf1) (automobile) carandare/venire in macchina — to go/come by car
2) (gen), fig machine, (motore, locomotiva) enginesala macchine Naut — engine room
andare in macchina Stampa — to go to press
2.* * *['makkina]sostantivo femminile1) (apparecchio) machine2) (macchina da scrivere) typewriterbattere o scrivere una lettera a macchina to type a letter; scritto a macchina — typewritten, typed
3) colloq. (auto) car4) (motore) enginesala -e — mar. engine room
5) (apparato) machine•macchina da corsa — competition o racing car, racer
macchina da presa — (cine)camera, movie camera
macchina da o per scrivere typewriter; macchina a vapore steam engine; macchina della verità — lie detector
* * *macchina/'makkina/sostantivo f.1 (apparecchio) machine; fatto a macchina machine-made2 (macchina da scrivere) typewriter; battere o scrivere una lettera a macchina to type a letter; scritto a macchina typewritten, typed3 colloq. (auto) car5 (apparato) machine; la macchina burocratica the administrative machinemacchina agricola agricultural machine; macchina del caffè coffee machine; macchina da corsa competition o racing car, racer; macchina da cucire sewing machine; macchina fotografica camera; macchina da guerra military engine; macchina da presa (cine)camera, movie camera; macchina da o per scrivere typewriter; macchina a vapore steam engine; macchina della verità lie detector. -
30 prova
"test;Probe;prova"* * *f ( esame) test( tentativo) attempt( testimonianza) proofdi abito fittingsports heatprova di laboratorio lab testa prova di bomba bombproofsalvo prova contraria unless otherwise statedper insufficienza di prove for lack of evidencemettere alla prova put to the test* * *prova s.f.1 ( dimostrazione) proof; ( elemento, mezzo di prova) evidence [U]: ne abbiamo le prove, we have evidence of it; diede prova di essere un vero amico, he proved to be a real friend; è una prova della sua innocenza, this is a proof of (o this proves) his innocence; voglio la prova di quanto hai detto, I want proof of what you said // dare prova di, to give proof of: ha dato prova di eccellente preparazione, he showed excellent preparation // (dir.): prova diretta, direct evidence; prova indiziaria, indiretta, circumstantial (o indirect) evidence; prova a carico, a discarico, evidence for the prosecution, for the defence; prova per sentito dire, de auditu, hearsay evidence; prova illecita, illegally obtained evidence; prova reale, tangible evidence; prova non rilevante, irrelevant evidence; regole di prova, rules of evidence; il valore ( probante) della prova, the weight of evidence; prova in contrario, evidence to the contrary; la prova riguarda..., the evidence relates to... // fino a prova contraria, until one has proof to the contrary2 ( controllo, esperimento) test; trial; ( di dipendente) probation: superare una prova, to pass a test; mettere qlcu. alla prova, to put s.o. to the test (o to test s.o.); sembra buono ma bisogna vederlo alla prova, it looks good on paper but we'll need to see it tested // assumere qlcu. in prova, to take s.o. on for a trial period; il periodo di prova è di tre mesi, the trial period is three months; il nuovo impiegato è ancora in prova, the new clerk is still on probation // (comm.): prova del prodotto, product test; prova di vendita, sales test // (econ.): prova di mercato, market test; prova su zona, area test; prova di produzione, production test3 (tecn.) test, trial: prova a fatica, fatigue test; prova all'urto, shock (o impact) test; prova a trazione, tensile test; prova conclusiva, crucial test; prova di affidabilità, reliability test; prova di collaudo, acceptance test; prova di durata, endurance (o life) test; prova di durezza, hardness test; prova di elasticità, elasticity test; prova di laboratorio, laboratory test; prova di pressione, pressure test; prova di sicurezza, safety test; apparecchiatura di prova, test set; banco di prova, testing bench; mettere una macchina in prova, to test a machine // (mecc.): prova al banco, bench test; prova al freno, brake test // (elettr.): prova ad alta tensione, high-voltage test; prova di isolamento, insulation test; prova di rigidità dielettrica, electric strength test // (chim.) prova alla fiamma, flame test // (tess.) prova dei filati, yarn testing // (mar.): prova agli ormeggi, quay trial; prova a tutta forza, full-power trial // (aer.): prova a terra, ground test; prova di volo, flight trial; volo di prova, trial flight // (aut.): prova di consumo, fuel consumption test; prova di velocità, speed test; prova su strada, road test; targa di prova, temporary plate // (mil.) prova di tiro, range trial // (sport) prova di durata, long-distance trial // (inform.): prova del programma, programme checkout; prova automatica, self-test4 a prova di, proof (attr.): a prova di bomba, bombproof; a prova di cannone, shellproof; a prova di ruggine, rustproof; a prova di umidità, wetproof5 ( scolastica) test, examination: prova orale, oral test (o examination); prova scritta, written test (o examination); sostenere una prova, to take (o to do o to sit for) an examination6 (fig.) trial, ordeal: fu una dura prova, it was a severe trial (o ordeal); la sua vita fu piena di prove, his life was full of trials7 ( tentativo) try: farò una prova, I shall try; prima di cambiarlo facciamo un'ultima prova, before changing it let's have another try9 (di abito, durante la confezione) fitting: ho fatto tre prove per questo abito, I've had three fittings for this dress; mettere in prova un abito, to make a dress ready for a fitting10 (teatr., mus.) rehearsal: prova generale, dress rehearsal, (mus.) final rehearsal; ogni giorno facciamo tre ore di prova, every day we rehearse for three hours11 (tip.) proof: foglio di prova, ( di stampa) specimen page; prima prova, foul (o flat) proof; seconda prova, revise; terza prova, second revise; prova in colonna, galley proof; correggere una prova, to correct a proof; tirare una prova, to pull a proof12 (mat.) proof: fa' la prova di questa addizione, check this sum; prova del nove, casting out nines: fare la prova del nove, to cast out nines13 ( sportiva) trials (pl.): la prova dei 100 metri, the 100 metres trials; le prove del Gran Premio inizieranno alle 13, the Grand Prix trials will begin at 1 p.m.* * *['prɔva]sostantivo femminile1) (dimostrazione) proof U, evidence Udare prova di — to show [fermezza, coraggio]
essere la prova di — to testify to, to bear testimony to [fatto, ostilità]
dare buona prova di sé — to give a good account of oneself, to acquit oneself well
2) dir. evidence U, proof; (documento) exhibit3) mat. (operazione di verifica) proof4) aut. ind. tecn. (collaudo) trial (run)prova su strada — road test, test drive
volo, giro di prova — test flight, run
5) (esperimento) testfare delle -e — to do o run tests, to test
6) (verifica) test; (di persona) trial, testassumere qcn. in prova — to give sb. a trial, to try sb. (out)
periodo di prova — trial o probational period
essere all'altezza della prova — to rise to o meet the challenge
"uno, due, tre, prova" — "one, two, three, testing"
mettere alla prova — to (put to the) test, to try [persona, capacità, resistenza]
mettere a dura prova — to put a strain on, to strain o try [sth.] to the limit [pazienza, rapporto]
ho bisogno di un lavoro che mi metta alla prova — I need a job that stretches o challenges me
"mettimi alla prova!" — "try me!"
7) (tentativo) try8) (esame) test, exam(ination)- e scritte — written proof o examinations
9) tip.10) (momento difficile) ordeal, hardship11) (manifestazione)12) sport event; (prestazione) performance- e eliminatorie — heats
prova di velocità, a cronometro — speed, time trial
13) teatr. mus. rehearsalfare le -e — to rehearse, to practise
14) sart. fittingcabina o camerino di prova — changing o fitting room
15) a prova dia prova di bomba — [ rifugio] shell-proof; fig. [pazienza, solidità] bombproof
a prova di scasso — burglar-proof, tamper-proof
•prova a carico — dir. evidence for the prosecution
prova a discarico — dir. evidence for the defence
prova d'esame — examination o exam paper
prova generale — teatr. dress rehearsal, trial run
prova del nove — mat. casting out nines; fig. litmus test, acid test
prova di resistenza — sport mil. endurance test
••a tutta prova — [ coraggio] unflinching
* * *prova/'prɔva/sostantivo f.1 (dimostrazione) proof U, evidence U; dare prova di to show [fermezza, coraggio]; essere la prova di to testify to, to bear testimony to [fatto, ostilità]; è la prova che it's a sure sign that; dare buona prova di sé to give a good account of oneself, to acquit oneself well; fino a prova contraria until proved otherwise2 dir. evidence U, proof; (documento) exhibit; una prova a piece of evidence; insufficienza di -e insufficient evidence3 mat. (operazione di verifica) proof4 aut. ind. tecn. (collaudo) trial (run); fare delle -e to run trials; il nuovo modello è in prova the new model is undergoing trials; prova su strada road test, test drive; volo, giro di prova test flight, run5 (esperimento) test; fare delle -e to do o run tests, to test; prova di laboratorio laboratory test6 (verifica) test; (di persona) trial, test; assumere qcn. in prova to give sb. a trial, to try sb. (out); periodo di prova trial o probational period; essere all'altezza della prova to rise to o meet the challenge; "uno, due, tre, prova" "one, two, three, testing"; mettere alla prova to (put to the) test, to try [persona, capacità, resistenza]; mettere a dura prova to put a strain on, to strain o try [sth.] to the limit [pazienza, rapporto]; ho bisogno di un lavoro che mi metta alla prova I need a job that stretches o challenges me; "mettimi alla prova!" "try me!"7 (tentativo) try; fare una prova to have a try8 (esame) test, exam(ination); prova orale oral examination; - e scritte written proof o examinations9 tip. prova di stampa proof10 (momento difficile) ordeal, hardship; superare una prova to go through an ordeal11 (manifestazione) prova d'amore demonstration of love; come prova della sua amicizia as a pledge of her friendship12 sport event; (prestazione) performance; - e eliminatorie heats; prova di velocità, a cronometro speed, time trial13 teatr. mus. rehearsal; fare le -e to rehearse, to practise14 sart. fitting; cabina o camerino di prova changing o fitting room15 a prova di a prova di bomba [ rifugio] shell-proof; fig. [pazienza, solidità] bombproof; a prova di scasso burglar-proof, tamper-proofa tutta prova [ coraggio] unflinching\prova d'acquisto proof of purchase; prova a carico dir. evidence for the prosecution; prova a discarico dir. evidence for the defence; prova d'esame examination o exam paper; prova generale teatr. dress rehearsal, trial run; prova del nove mat. casting out nines; fig. litmus test, acid test; prova di resistenza sport mil. endurance test. -
31 резина
compounded rubber, rubber, vulcanizate* * *рези́на ж.
rubberарми́ровать рези́ну, напр. тка́нью — embed, e. g., a fabric in the body of (the) rubber for strengthвулканизи́ровать рези́ну — vulcanize rubberнаполня́ть рези́ну — fill the rubberбре́керная рези́на — cushion rubberгу́бчатая рези́на ( с cообщающимися порами) — sponge rubberдиэлектри́ческая рези́на — dielectric rubberрези́на из натура́льного каучу́ка — natural rubber vulcanizateизоляцио́нная рези́на — insulating rubberлистова́я рези́на — sheet rubberмаслобензосто́йкая рези́на — oil-gasoline-resistant rubberмаслосто́йкая рези́на — oil-resistant rubberмикропо́ристая рези́на — microporous rubber; ( с закрытыми порами) microcellular rubberморозосто́йкая рези́на — cold-resistant rubberпо́ристая рези́на — porous rubber; ( с закрытыми порами) cellular rubberрадиацио́нно-сто́йкая рези́на — radiation-resistant rubberрентгенозащи́тная рези́на — X-ray protective rubberсаженапо́лненная рези́на — carbon black(-extended) rubberсоско́вая рези́на ( для доильных машин) — teat cup linerтеплосто́йкая рези́на — heat-resistant rubberударопро́чная рези́на — impact-resistant rubberцветосто́йкая рези́на — colour-stable rubberэлектропроводя́щая рези́на — conductive rubber -
32 энергия
energy, power* * *эне́ргия ж.1. energyвыводи́ть эне́ргию (из ла́зера) диффракцио́нным ме́тодом — couple out the laser output by diffractionвыделя́ть [высвобожда́ть] эне́ргию — give off [give out, liberate, release] energyнака́пливать эне́ргию — accumulate [store] energyотбира́ть эне́ргию — extract energyпередава́ть эне́ргию ( от одного тела к другому) — transfer energy (from one body to another)поглоща́ть эне́ргию — absorb energyподводи́ть эне́ргию к … — deliver energy to …превраща́ть эне́ргию ( из одного вида в другой) — convert energy (from one to another)приобрета́ть эне́ргию — acquire energyсообща́ть эне́ргию — energize2. (нестрогое или прикладное словоупотребление, особ. в народном хозяйстве) powerвыраба́тывать [производи́ть] эне́ргию — generate [produce] powerзапаса́ть эне́ргию — accumulate [store] powerпередава́ть эне́ргию (особ. электрическую) на расстоя́ние — transmit power (especially electric) over a distanceпреобразо́вывать эне́ргию — convert powerраспредели́ть эне́ргию — distribute powerснабжа́ть эне́ргией — supply powerэне́ргия адсо́рбции — adsorption energyэне́ргия актива́ции — activation energyа́томная эне́ргия1. atomic energy2. nuclear powerвзаи́мная эне́ргия — mutual energyэне́ргия взаимоде́йствия ( частиц) — interaction energyэне́ргия взаимообме́на — exchange energyвну́тренняя эне́ргия — internal energyвнутрия́дерная эне́ргия — nuclear [atomic] energyво́дная эне́ргия — water [hydroelectric] powerэне́ргия возбужде́ния ( атомов) — excitation energyэне́ргия враще́ния — rotation energyгидравли́ческая эне́ргия — hydraulic powerгравитацио́нная эне́ргия — gravitational energyэне́ргия деле́ния ( ядра) — fission energyэне́ргия деформа́ции — strain energyэне́ргия дисперсио́нного взаимоде́йствия — dispersion energyэне́ргия диссоциа́ции — dissociation energyзвукова́я эне́ргия — acoustic [sound] energyизбы́точная эне́ргия — excess [extra] energyизлуча́емая эне́ргия — radiant energyэне́ргия иониза́ции — ionization energyкинети́ческая эне́ргия — kinetic energyкинети́ческая эне́ргия враще́ния — angular kinetic energyкинети́ческая, уде́льная эне́ргия пото́ка — kinetic energy of the fluid flow per unit volumeэне́ргия колеба́ний — vibrational [vibratory] energyкорреляцио́нная эне́ргия — correlation energyкосми́ческая эне́ргия — cosmic energyкрити́ческая эне́ргия — critical energyэне́ргия куло́новского взаимоде́йствия — Coloumb energyлучи́стая эне́ргия — radiant energyмагни́тная эне́ргия — magnetic field energyэне́ргия магни́тного по́ля — magnetic field energyмагнитоупру́гая эне́ргия — magnetoelastic energyэне́ргия межмолекуля́рного взаимоде́йствия — intermolecular [molecular interaction] energyмехани́ческая эне́ргия — mechanical energyнулева́я эне́ргия — zero-point energyэне́ргия нулево́й то́чки — zero-point energyобме́нная эне́ргия — exchange energyэне́ргия обме́нного взаимоде́йствия — exchange energyорбита́льная эне́ргия — orbital energyоста́точная эне́ргия — residual energyэне́ргия отда́чи — recoil energyэне́ргия отта́лкивания — repulsive [repulsion] energyэне́ргия перехо́да — transition energyпове́рхностная эне́ргия — surface energyпове́рхностная эне́ргия разруше́ния рез. — fracture surface energyэне́ргия пове́рхностного натяже́ния — capillary energyэне́ргия поко́я ( частицы) — rest energyэне́ргия по́ля анизотропи́и — anisotropy energyпоро́говая эне́ргия — threshold energyэне́ргия поступа́тельного движе́ния — translational [translatory] energyпотенциа́льная эне́ргия — potential energyпотенциа́льная эне́ргия деформа́ции — strain energyпотребля́емая эне́ргия1. energy input2. power consumptionэне́ргия притяже́ния — attraction energyпромежу́точная эне́ргия — intermediate energyэне́ргия пучка́ — beam energyэне́ргия радиоизлуче́ния — radio(-frequency) energyэне́ргия разруше́ния горн. — crushing energyэне́ргия разруше́ния уде́льная горн. — specific crushing energyэне́ргия разры́ва, уста́лостная — fatigue tensile energyэне́ргия распа́да — decay [disintegration] energyрезона́нсная эне́ргия — resonance [resonant] energyэне́ргия ро́ста — growing capacityсветова́я эне́ргия — luminous [light] energyсвобо́дная эне́ргия — free [available] energyсвя́занная эне́ргия — bound [unavailable] energyэне́ргия свя́зи — binding energyскры́тая эне́ргия — latent energyэне́ргия смеше́ния — energy of mixingсо́бственная эне́ргия — self-energyсо́лнечная эне́ргия1. solar energy2. solar powerэне́ргия состоя́ния — energy of stateэне́ргия столкнове́ний — collision(al) energyтеплова́я эне́ргия1. heat [thermal] energy2. thermal powerэне́ргия теплово́го движе́ния — thermal-motion energyтермоя́дерная эне́ргия — thermonuclear powerэне́ргия уда́ра — impact energyуде́льная эне́ргия — specific energyупру́гая эне́ргия — elastic (strain) energyэне́ргия упру́гой деформа́ции — strain energyэне́ргия фото́на — photon energyхими́ческая эне́ргия — chemical energyэлектри́ческая эне́ргия1. electric energy2. electric powerэне́ргия электри́ческого по́ля — electrical field energyэлектромагни́тная эне́ргия — electromagnetic energyэне́ргия электромагни́тного по́ля — electromagnetic energyэлектростати́ческая эне́ргия — electrostatic energyэне́ргия электростати́ческого взаимоде́йствия — electrostatic energyя́дерная эне́ргия — nuclear power -
33 измерять
•The isotopic ratio of the lead is measured with (or by) a photoelectric cell.
•There is no way of gauging the external gravitational field.
* * *Измерять(ся) -- to measure, to take, to take readings; to meter (расход); to gauge (толщину, давление); to read, to sense, to detect (с указанием прибора); to determine (определять по результатам измерений)The cylinder temperature was measured with a calibrated copper-constantan thermocouple in conjunction with a 0.1°F ASTM-certified thermometer.The air was metered by one of two calibrated sharped-edged orifices.The heat transfer data on the prototype was to be taken at mid span.Thermocouple emfs were read with a Hewlett-Packard 3465A digital multimeter with a smallest digit of 1 mV.The pressure signals were sensed by a Baratron solid-stale capacitance-type meter capable of being read to as low as 10-3 torr.The impact-static pressure difference was detected by a Baratron meter capable of discriminating 10-3 mm Hg.The oil flow was determined with a calibrated cylinder and a stopwatch.Измерять по-- It was measured directly from the visualization patterns on the model surface.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > измерять
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34 лучше в отношении
Лучше в отношении / поJE claim it is equal to PPS in heat distortion but better on impact strength -- and cheaper.It is often necessary to compare dissimilar types of thrust bearings for the purpose of determining which is superior from the standpoint of performance.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > лучше в отношении
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35 лучше по
Лучше в отношении / поJE claim it is equal to PPS in heat distortion but better on impact strength -- and cheaper.It is often necessary to compare dissimilar types of thrust bearings for the purpose of determining which is superior from the standpoint of performance.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > лучше по
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36 проявляться в виде
Проявляться в видеMost of this energy manifests itself as heat, which is removed from the material.If there had have been a jump, causing a normal approach velocity, it would have shown up as an inlet construction.Under Charpy impact conditions, this is translated into a decrease in energy absorption to fracture.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > проявляться в виде
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37 stark
1) ( kräftig) strong;\starke Muskeln strong muscles, brawn2) ( mächtig) powerful, strong3) ( dick) thick;ein \starker Ast a thick branch, a bough ( liter)5) ( heftig)\starker Frost severe [or heavy] frost;\starke Schwüle oppressive sultriness;\starke Strömung strong [or forceful] current;\starker Sturm violent storm;6) ( erheblich)\starke Entzündung/ Vereiterung severe inflammation/suppuration;eine \starke Erkältung a bad [or heavy] cold;ein \starkes Fieber a bad [or high] fever;7) ( kräftig)\starker Applaus hearty [or loud] applause;\starker Druck high pressure;ein \starker Erdstoß a heavy seismic shock;ein \starkes Geräusch a loud noise;ein \starker Händedruck a powerful grip;ein \starkes Rauschen a [loud] roar[ing]8) ( beträchtlich) intense;\starke Bedenken considerable reservations;\starke Gefühle strong [or intense] feelings;\starke Krämpfe bad [or severe] cramps;\starke Liebe deep [or profound] love;\starker Schmerz severe [or intense] pain9) ( leistungsfähig) powerful\starke Drogen/\starker Schnaps strong [or hard] drugs/schnapps;\starke Medikamente strong [or potent] medicines;11) ( zahlenstark) large;120 Mann \stark 120 strong;120 Mann \stark sein to be 120 strong, to number 120;ein 500 Seiten \starkes Buch a book of 500 pages1) ( heftig) a lot;gestern hat es \stark gestürmt there was a heavy [or violent] storm yesterday2) ( beträchtlich) badly;\stark beschädigt badly [or considerably] damaged3) ( erheblich) severely;\stark bluten to bleed profusely;\stark erkältet sein to have a bad [or heavy] cold4) ( kräftig) hard;\stark applaudieren to applaud loudly [or heartily];5) ( eine große Menge verwendend) strongly;\stark gewürzt highly spiced;zu \stark gesalzen too salty6) ( in höherem Maße) greatly, a lot;die Ausstellung war \stark besucht there were a lot of visitors to the exhibition;\stark übertreiben to greatly [or grossly] exaggerate;\stark vertreten strongly represented7) ( in großem Maßstab) greatly -
38 uda|r
m (G udaru) 1. Med. stroke- udar cieplny heat stroke- udar słoneczny sunstroke- udar mózgu (cerebral) stroke2. Techn. (uderzenie mechaniczne) impact 3. Elektr. (wzrost napięcia) surge- udar napięciowy/piorunowy/prądowy voltage/lightning/current surgeThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > uda|r
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39 нагрузка
1. ж. мех. эл., loadнагрузка возникает в результате … — a load arises from
нагрузка от … — load due to …
2. ж. duty3. ж. тлф. телегр., trafficнагрузка зеркала испарения — water surface duty; rate of evaporation per of water surface
тяговая нагрузка — thrust loading; traction load
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40 резина
ж. rubberмикропористая резина — microporous rubber; microcellular rubber
пористая резина — porous rubber; cellular rubber
каучук; резина — India rubber
См. также в других словарях:
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