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21 Zuse, Konrad
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 22 June 1910 Berlin, Germany[br]German civil engineer who developed a series of computers before, during and after the Second World War.[br]Zuse grew up in Braunsberg, then in East Prussia, and attended the Technische Hochschule at Berlin-Charlottenburg to study civil engineering. In 1934 he became interested in calculatingmachines and the pursuit of a career in aeronautical engineering. Two years later, having taken a post as a statistician, in his spare time he built a mechanical computer, which he called Z1; for this he used two-state mechanical switches and punched-tape for the program input. This was followed by the design for Z2, which used electromechanical relays.Called to military service in 1939, he was soon sent to the Henschel aircraft factory, where he completed Z2. Between 1939 and 1941 the German Aeronautical Research Institute supported his development of Z3, which used 2,600 relays and a keyboard input. Taken into immediate use by the aircraft industry, both it and its predecessors were destroyed in air raids. Z4, completed towards the end of the war and using mechanical memory, survived, and with improvements was used in Switzerland until 1960. Other achievements by Zuse included a machine to perform logical calculations (LI) and his Plankalkul, one of the first computer languages. In 1950, with two friends, he formed the Zuse KG company near Bad Hersfeld, Essen, and his first Z5 relay computer was sold to Leitz in 1952. A series of machines followed, a milestone in 1958 being the first transistorized machine, Z22, of which over 200 were made. Finally, in 1969, the company was absorbed by Siemens AG and Zuse returned to scientific research.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsHonorary Doctorate Berlin Technical University 1960. Honorary Professor Göttingen University 1960.Bibliography11 April 1936, German patent no. Z23 1391X/42M. 16 June 1941, German patent no. Z391.1 August 1949, German patent no. 50,746.1993, The Computer: My Life, Berlin: SpringerVerlag (autobiography).Further ReadingP.E.Ceruzzi, 1981, "The early computers of Konrad Zuse 1935–45", Annals of the History of Computing 3:241.M.R.Williams, 1985, A History of Computing Technology, London: Prentice-Hall.See also: Stibitz, George R.KF -
22 подобрав
adv. having chosen, having takenРусско-английский словарь математических терминов > подобрав
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23 взяв
1) General subject: having grabbed, grabbing2) Mathematics: having taken -
24 подобрав
Mathematics: having chosen, having taken -
25 आमन्त्र्य
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26 उद्गृह्य
ud-gṛihyaind. p. having lifted up;
having taken out ṠBr.
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27 उद्दा
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28 उद्दाय
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29 подобрав
adv. having chosen, having taken -
30 монах
(человек, отказавшийся от мирской жизни ради служения Богу) monk, monastic, religious, cloisterer, conventual, (Восточного обряда, особ. живущий по уставу св. Василия Великого или иногда св. Антония) caloyer; ( картезианский) итал. certosa; ( буддийский) Buddhist monk, talapoin, ( в Бирме) yahan, poonghie, poong(h)eeмонах ангельского образа — см. монах великой схимы
монах великой схимы — правосл. ( принимает обет отречения от мира и всего мирского) monk having taken vows of great schema, греч. megaloschemos
монах, живущий в обители — c(o)enobite
монах, исполняющий какое-л. послушание в монастыре — obedientiary
монах, который ходит босиком — discalceate, прил. discalced
монах малой схимы — правосл. (принимает обет целомудрия, нестяжательства и послушания) monk having taking vows of lesser schema, греч. microschemos
монах нищенствующего ордена — friar, сокр. Fr, frate
монахи, носящие обувь прил. — calced
странствующий монах катол. — itinerant monk, a wandering religious votary, religious mendicant, mendicant friar; (в Индии, особ. сикх) udasi
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31 hinayang
English Definition: (noun) (rw. SAYANG) feeling of regret for not having utilized something or not having taken advantage of the situation (noun) /pang--/ (panghihinayang) regret -
32 подобрав
adv.having chosen, having taken -
33 взяв
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34 прологарифмировав
adv. having taken the logarithm, after taking the logarithmРусско-английский словарь математических терминов > прологарифмировав
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35 несостоявшийся
1) General subject: frustrate, frustrated, invalid, might have been, might-have-been, void (о торгах), not having taken place (о торгах; P.B. Maggs), aborted2) Colloquial: stickit3) French: manque -
36 прологарифмировав
Mathematics: after taking the logarithm, having taken the logarithm -
37 схимник
1) General subject: ascetic2) Christianity: monk having taken vows of schema, schemamonk -
38 схимница
1) General subject: enclosed nun2) Christianity: nun having taken vows of schema, schemanun -
39 М-70
СРАЖАТЬСЯ (ВОЕВАТЬ) С ВЕТРЯНЫМИ МЕЛЬНИЦАМИ VP subj: human the verb may take the final position, otherwise fixed WOto expend one's strength, abilities uselessly, fighting imaginary or unimportant enemies or wrongs (while believing them to be real or important)X сражается с ветряными мельницами - X tilts at windmills.(Иванов:) Был я молодым, горячим, искренним, неглупым... сражался с ветряными мельницами, бился лбом об стены... (Чехов 4). (I.:) I used to be young, eager, sincere, intelligent....! tilted at windmills and banged my head against brick walls... (4b).From Miguel de Cervantes' novel Don Quixote, 1605 and 1615. In one of its episodes Don Quixote tilts at windmills, having taken them for giants. -
40 воевать с ветряными мельницами
[VP; subj: human; the verb may take the final position, otherwise fixed WO]=====⇒ to expend one's strength, abilities uselessly, fighting imaginary or unimportant enemies or wrongs (while believing them to be real or important):- X сражается с ветряными мельницами≈ X tilts at windmills.♦ [Иванов:] Был я молодым, горячим, искренним, неглупым... сражался с ветряными мельницами, бился лбом об стены... (Чехов 4). [I.:] I used to be young, eager, sincere, intelligent....! tilted at windmills and banged my head against brick walls... (4b).—————← From Miguel de Cervantes' novel Don Quixote, 1605 and 1615. In one of its episodes Don Quixote tilts at windmills, having taken them for giants.Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > воевать с ветряными мельницами
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