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61 Hall-Winkel
Hall-Winkel m Hall angleDeutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch der Elektrotechnik und Elektronik > Hall-Winkel
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62 Hall-anturi
• Hall probe• Hall effect magnetometer -
63 hall etkisi
hall effect -
64 Hall von Hallplatte
Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch der Elektrotechnik und Elektronik > Hall von Hallplatte
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65 Hall von Hallspirale
Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch der Elektrotechnik und Elektronik > Hall von Hallspirale
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66 Hall-generaattori
• Hall generator -
67 Hall-ilmiö
• Hall effect -
68 Hall-kerroin
• Hall coefficient -
69 Hall-komponentti
• Hall effect device -
70 Hall-liikkuvuus
• Hall mobility -
71 Hall-toistopää
• Hall effect reproducing head -
72 Hall Effect
Эффект ХоллаЯвление возникновения поперечной разности потенциалов (называемой также Холловским напряжением) при помещении проводника с постоянным током в магнитное поле. Эффект Холла – один из наиболее информативных методов изучения энергетического спектра носителей заряда в металлах и полупроводниках. -
73 Hall, Charles Martin
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 6 December 1863 Thompson, Ohio, USAd. 27 December 1914 USA[br]American metallurgist, inventor of the first feasible electrolytic process for the production of aluminium.[br]The son of a Congregationalist minister, Hall was educated at Oberlin College. There he was instructed in chemistry by Professor F.F.Jewett, a former student of the German chemist Friedrich Wöhler, who encouraged Hall to believe that there was a need for a cheap process for the manufacture of aluminium. After graduating in 1885, Hall set to work in his private laboratory exploring the method of fused salt electrolysis. On Wednesday 10 February 1886 he found that alumina dissolved in fused cryolite "like sugar in water", and that the bath so produced was a good conductor of electricity. He contained the solution in a pure graphite crucible which also acted as an efficient cathode, and by 16 February 1886 had produced the first globules of metallic aluminium. With two backers, Hall was able to complete his experiments and establish a small pilot plant in Boston, but they withdrew after the US Patent Examiners reported that Hall's invention had been anticipated by a French patent, filed by Paul Toussaint Héroult in April 1886. Although Hall had not filed until July 1886, he was permitted to testify that his invention had been completed by 16 February 1886 and on 2 April 1889 he was granted a seventeen-year monopoly in the United States. Hall now had the support of Captain A.E. Hunt of the Pittsburgh Testing Institute who provided the capital for establishing the Pittsburgh Reduction Company, which by 1889 was selling aluminium at $1 per pound compared to the $15 for sodium-reduced aluminium. Further capital was provided by the banker Andrew Mellon (1855–1937). Hall then turned his attention to Britain and began negotiations with Johnson Matthey, who provided land on a site at Patricroft near Manchester. Here the Aluminium Syndicate, owned by the Pittsburgh Reduction Company, began to produce aluminium in July 1890. By this time the validity of Hall's patent was being strongly contested by Héroult and also by the Cowles brothers, who attempted to operate the Hall process in the United States. Hall successfully sued them for infringement, and was confirmed in his patent rights by the celebrated ruling in 1893 of William Howard Taft, subsequently President of the USA. In 1895 Hall's company changed its name to the Pittsburgh Aluminium Company and moved to Niagara Falls, where cheap electrical power was available. In 1903 a legal compromise ended the litigation between the Hall and Héroult organizations. The American rights in the invention were awarded to Hall, and the European to Héroult. The Pittsburgh Aluminium Company became the Aluminium Company of America on 1 January 1907. On his death he left his estate, worth about $45 million, for the advancement of education.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsChemical Society, London, Perkin Medal 1911.Further ReadingH.N.Holmes, 1930, "The story of aluminium", Journal of Chemical Education. E.F.Smith, 1914, Chemistry in America.ASD -
74 Hall-Geber
m < msr> (auf dem Hall-Effekt beruhender Impulsgeber) ■ Hall generator; Hall element; Hall-effect sensor; Hall sensor; Hall-effect pickup [assembly] -
75 hall de entrada
(n.) = entrance hall, lobby, entrance foyerEx. Many infant and junior schools have books in the entrance hall and in the corridors as well as in the classrooms.Ex. If it were decided to introduce a cloakroom, it would be planned in the space presently used by either newspapers or the short-loan collection, by opening a door from the entrance lobby.Ex. Her photographs of of interiors include libraries, natural science museums, spas, entrance foyers, and zoos.* * *(n.) = entrance hall, lobby, entrance foyerEx: Many infant and junior schools have books in the entrance hall and in the corridors as well as in the classrooms.
Ex: If it were decided to introduce a cloakroom, it would be planned in the space presently used by either newspapers or the short-loan collection, by opening a door from the entrance lobby.Ex: Her photographs of of interiors include libraries, natural science museums, spas, entrance foyers, and zoos. -
76 Hall, Joseph
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 1789d. 1862[br]English ironmaker who invented the wet puddling process.[br]Hall was a practical man with no theoretical background: his active years were spent at Bloomfield Ironworks, Tipton, Staffordshire. Around 1816 he began experimenting in the production of wrought iron. At that time, blast-furnace or cast iron was converted to wrought iron by the dry puddling process invented by Henry Cort in 1784. In this process, the iron was decarburized (i.e. had its carbon removed) by heating it in a current of air in a furnace with a sand bed. Some of the iron combined with the silica in the sand to form a slag, however, so that no less than 2 tons of cast iron were needed to produce 1 ton of wrought. Hall found that if bosh cinder was charged into the furnace, a vigorous reaction occurred in which the cast iron was converted much more quickly than before, to produce better quality wrought iron, a ton of which could be formed by no more than 21 cwt (1,067 kg) of cast iron. Because of the boiling action, the process came to be known as pig boiling. Bosh cinder, essentially iron oxide, was formed in the water troughs or boshes in which workers cooled their tools used in puddling and reacted with the carbon in the cast iron. The advantages of pig boiling over dry puddling were striking enough for the process to be widely used by the late 1820s. By mid-century it was virtually the only process used for producing wrought iron, an essential material for mechanical and civil engineering during the Industrial Revolution. Hall reckoned that if he had patented his invention he would have "made a million". As luck would have it, the process that he did patent in 1838 left his finances unchanged: this was for the roasting of cinder for use as the base of the puddling furnace, providing better protection than the bosh cinder for the iron plates that formed the base.[br]Bibliography1857, The Iron Question Considered in Connection with Theory, Practice and Experience with Special Reference to the Bessemer Process, London.Further ReadingJ.Percy, 1864, Metallurgy. Iron and Steel, London, pp. 670 ff. W.K.V.Gale, Iron and Steel, London: Longmans, pp. 46–50.LRD -
77 Hall-Koeffizient
m < msr> ■ Hall coefficient; Hall constant -
78 Hall-Konstante
f < msr> ■ Hall coefficient; Hall constant -
79 hall d’entrée
m1) hall2) (hôtel, immeuble de bureaux) concourse (UK), lobby (US), entrance hall (UK)Dictionnaire d'ingénierie, d'architecture et de construction > hall d’entrée
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80 hall d'exposition
См. также в других словарях:
hall — hall … Dictionnaire des rimes
hall — [ ol ] n. m. • 1672, répandu v. 1868; angl. hall; cf. halle ♦ Grande salle servant d entrée, d accès (dans un édifice public, une grande maison particulière). ⇒ entrée, salle, vestibule. Hall d hôtel. Le hall de la gare Saint Lazare, dit salle… … Encyclopédie Universelle
hall — W2S1 [ho:l US ho:l] n ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1¦(entrance)¦ 2¦(corridor)¦ 3¦(public building)¦ 4¦(for students)¦ ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ [: Old English; Origin: heall] 1.) ¦(ENTRANCE)¦ the area just inside the door of a house or other building, that leads to other rooms = ↑ … Dictionary of contemporary English
Hall — bezeichnet: Nachhall in der Akustik Hall (Familienname), ein Familienname – dort auch zu Namensträgern Hall ist der Name folgender Orte: Schwäbisch Hall, früher Hall am Kocher, eine Kreisstadt in Baden Württemberg Bad Hall, eine Stadtgemeinde im… … Deutsch Wikipedia
*hall — ● hall nom masculin (anglais hall, du francique halla, halle) Salle de grandes dimensions, haute de plafond, par où l on accède dans certains édifices publics, dans les gares, dans les hôtels, etc., ainsi que dans les demeures importantes des… … Encyclopédie Universelle
hall — [ hɔl ] noun count *** 1. ) a long narrow passage inside a building with doors along it leading to rooms a ) the area inside the front door of a house or other building, that leads to other rooms: I wish you wouldn t leave your shoes in the hall … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
Hall [1] — Hall, 1) Stadt in Tirol, Bezirksh. Innsbruck, 552 m ü. M., am linken Ufer des von hier an schiffbaren Inn, an der Südbahnlinie Kufstein Innsbruck Ala und an der Dampfstraßenbahn Innsbruck H., Sitz eines Bezirksgerichts und eines Revierbergamts,… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Hall — (h[add]l), n. [OE. halle, hal, AS. heal, heall; akin to D. hal, OS. & OHG. halla, G. halle, Icel. h[ o]ll, and prob. from a root meaning, to hide, conceal, cover. See {Hell}, {Helmet}.] 1. A building or room of considerable size and stateliness,… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
HALL (A.) — HALL ADELAIDE (1904 1993) Le jazz ne fut qu’une flamboyante parenthèse dans sa vie. C’est pour avoir un jour de 1927 rencontré un magicien nommé Duke Ellington et enregistré avec lui deux titres qui comptent parmi les premiers coups d’éclat… … Encyclopédie Universelle
hall — O.E. heall place covered by a roof, spacious roofed residence, temple, law court, from P.Gmc. *khallo to cover, hide (Cf. O.S., O.H.G. halla, Ger. halle, Du. hal, O.N. höll hall; O.E. hell, Goth. halja hell ), from PIE root *kel … Etymology dictionary
hall — Voz inglesa que se emplea con frecuencia en español para designar la pieza o sala a la que se accede al entrar en una casa o un edificio. Se recomienda usar en su lugar los equivalentes españoles vestíbulo, entrada o recibidor (este último solo… … Diccionario panhispánico de dudas
