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41 pig iron-ore process
Англо-русский металлургический словарь > pig iron-ore process
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42 pig iron-scrap process
Англо-русский металлургический словарь > pig iron-scrap process
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43 direct-process malleable iron
Металлургия: ковкое железо прямого восстановления, крицаУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > direct-process malleable iron
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44 pig iron scrap process
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > pig iron scrap process
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45 pig iron-ore process
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46 pig iron-scrap process
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > pig iron-scrap process
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47 pig iron-ore process
< metal> ■ Roheisen-Erz-Verfahren n -
48 pig iron-scrap process
< metal> ■ Roheisen-Schrott-Verfahren nEnglish-german technical dictionary > pig iron-scrap process
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49 процесс Ню-айрон
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > процесс Ню-айрон
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50 DIP
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51 DIP
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Database Of Interaction Proteins, Decision Implementation Process2) Биология: differentiation-inducing factor3) Медицина: Digital Image Pro, distal interphalangeal (дистальный межфаланговый), дистальный межфаланговый сустав4) Военный термин: Defence Industry Productivity, Defense Imagery Program, Defense Intelligence Plan, Defense investigation program, Die In Place, display information processor, doctrine improvement program, document improvement program5) Техника: data interchange format, defense information procedure, design internal pressure, designated inspection points, digital incremental plotter, direct iron process, dual-in-line pulse, корпус с двухразрядным расположением выводов, корпус типа DIP (штырьковых)6) Химия: Dissolved Inorganic Phosphate7) Религия: Discipleship In Progress8) Юридический термин: Debtor In Possession, Disciplinary Intervention Program9) Металлургия: direct-iron process10) Телекоммуникации: Dialup Internet Protocol, Dual Inline Package11) Сокращение: Design Improvement Process (USA), Digital Image Processing, Dual In-line Package (RAM chip)12) Физиология: Descending Inhibitory Pathway13) Вычислительная техника: Dual In-line Package (IC, DRAM), Dial-up Internet Protocol (Linux)14) Нефть: dipmeter15) Биотехнология: Database of Interacting Proteins16) Транспорт: Driver Improvement Program17) Целлюлозно-бумажная промышленность: deinked pulp, облагороженная макулатурная масса18) Бытовая техника: корпус с двухрядным расположением выводов19) Сетевые технологии: Dynamic Internet Protocol, distributed information processing, document and image processing, document image processing, dual-in-line package, блок двухпозиционных переключателей, двухрядный корпус, обработка документов и изображений, распределённая обработка информации, формат обмена данными, формат цифрового стыка20) Расширение файла: Digital Imaging Processing, Dual In-line Package, Dual In-line Pin, Dialup Internet Protocol (Internet), Debug info processor (Watcom Debugger)21) Нефтеперерабатывающие заводы: Колонна отделения изопентановой фракции (de-isopentanizer (DIP) column)22) Базы данных: Database Initialization Program -
52 Dip
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Database Of Interaction Proteins, Decision Implementation Process2) Биология: differentiation-inducing factor3) Медицина: Digital Image Pro, distal interphalangeal (дистальный межфаланговый), дистальный межфаланговый сустав4) Военный термин: Defence Industry Productivity, Defense Imagery Program, Defense Intelligence Plan, Defense investigation program, Die In Place, display information processor, doctrine improvement program, document improvement program5) Техника: data interchange format, defense information procedure, design internal pressure, designated inspection points, digital incremental plotter, direct iron process, dual-in-line pulse, корпус с двухразрядным расположением выводов, корпус типа DIP (штырьковых)6) Химия: Dissolved Inorganic Phosphate7) Религия: Discipleship In Progress8) Юридический термин: Debtor In Possession, Disciplinary Intervention Program9) Металлургия: direct-iron process10) Телекоммуникации: Dialup Internet Protocol, Dual Inline Package11) Сокращение: Design Improvement Process (USA), Digital Image Processing, Dual In-line Package (RAM chip)12) Физиология: Descending Inhibitory Pathway13) Вычислительная техника: Dual In-line Package (IC, DRAM), Dial-up Internet Protocol (Linux)14) Нефть: dipmeter15) Биотехнология: Database of Interacting Proteins16) Транспорт: Driver Improvement Program17) Целлюлозно-бумажная промышленность: deinked pulp, облагороженная макулатурная масса18) Бытовая техника: корпус с двухрядным расположением выводов19) Сетевые технологии: Dynamic Internet Protocol, distributed information processing, document and image processing, document image processing, dual-in-line package, блок двухпозиционных переключателей, двухрядный корпус, обработка документов и изображений, распределённая обработка информации, формат обмена данными, формат цифрового стыка20) Расширение файла: Digital Imaging Processing, Dual In-line Package, Dual In-line Pin, Dialup Internet Protocol (Internet), Debug info processor (Watcom Debugger)21) Нефтеперерабатывающие заводы: Колонна отделения изопентановой фракции (de-isopentanizer (DIP) column)22) Базы данных: Database Initialization Program -
53 dip
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Database Of Interaction Proteins, Decision Implementation Process2) Биология: differentiation-inducing factor3) Медицина: Digital Image Pro, distal interphalangeal (дистальный межфаланговый), дистальный межфаланговый сустав4) Военный термин: Defence Industry Productivity, Defense Imagery Program, Defense Intelligence Plan, Defense investigation program, Die In Place, display information processor, doctrine improvement program, document improvement program5) Техника: data interchange format, defense information procedure, design internal pressure, designated inspection points, digital incremental plotter, direct iron process, dual-in-line pulse, корпус с двухразрядным расположением выводов, корпус типа DIP (штырьковых)6) Химия: Dissolved Inorganic Phosphate7) Религия: Discipleship In Progress8) Юридический термин: Debtor In Possession, Disciplinary Intervention Program9) Металлургия: direct-iron process10) Телекоммуникации: Dialup Internet Protocol, Dual Inline Package11) Сокращение: Design Improvement Process (USA), Digital Image Processing, Dual In-line Package (RAM chip)12) Физиология: Descending Inhibitory Pathway13) Вычислительная техника: Dual In-line Package (IC, DRAM), Dial-up Internet Protocol (Linux)14) Нефть: dipmeter15) Биотехнология: Database of Interacting Proteins16) Транспорт: Driver Improvement Program17) Целлюлозно-бумажная промышленность: deinked pulp, облагороженная макулатурная масса18) Бытовая техника: корпус с двухрядным расположением выводов19) Сетевые технологии: Dynamic Internet Protocol, distributed information processing, document and image processing, document image processing, dual-in-line package, блок двухпозиционных переключателей, двухрядный корпус, обработка документов и изображений, распределённая обработка информации, формат обмена данными, формат цифрового стыка20) Расширение файла: Digital Imaging Processing, Dual In-line Package, Dual In-line Pin, Dialup Internet Protocol (Internet), Debug info processor (Watcom Debugger)21) Нефтеперерабатывающие заводы: Колонна отделения изопентановой фракции (de-isopentanizer (DIP) column)22) Базы данных: Database Initialization Program -
54 DIP
I сокр. от direct iron process II сокр. от
dual-in-line packageкорпус с двухрядным расположением (штырьковых) выводов, корпус типа DIP -
55 процесс Ню-айрон
( получение губчатого железа в кипящем слое) Nu-iron processАнгло-русский словарь технических терминов > процесс Ню-айрон
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56 DIP
1. data interchange format - формат обмена данных;2. defense information procedure - порядок действий при работе с информацией военного значения;3. design internal pressure - расчётное внутреннее давление;4. designated inspection points - заданные контрольные точки;5. digital incremental plotter - цифровой инкрементный графопостроитель;6. direct iron process - процесс прямого получения железа;7. display information processor - процессор отображаемых данных;8. distributed information processing - распределённая обработка информации;9. document and image processing - обработка документов и изображений;10. dual-in-line package - двухрядное расположение выводов; двухрядный корпус; корпус интегральной схемы с двухрядным расположением выводов; корпус с двухрядным расположением выводов; корпус с двухрядным расположением штырьковых выводов; корпус типа DIP; плоский корпус с двухрядным расположением выводов;11. dual-in-line pulse - двойной импульс на линии развертки -
57 Hall, Joseph
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 1789d. 1862[br]English ironmaker who invented the wet puddling process.[br]Hall was a practical man with no theoretical background: his active years were spent at Bloomfield Ironworks, Tipton, Staffordshire. Around 1816 he began experimenting in the production of wrought iron. At that time, blast-furnace or cast iron was converted to wrought iron by the dry puddling process invented by Henry Cort in 1784. In this process, the iron was decarburized (i.e. had its carbon removed) by heating it in a current of air in a furnace with a sand bed. Some of the iron combined with the silica in the sand to form a slag, however, so that no less than 2 tons of cast iron were needed to produce 1 ton of wrought. Hall found that if bosh cinder was charged into the furnace, a vigorous reaction occurred in which the cast iron was converted much more quickly than before, to produce better quality wrought iron, a ton of which could be formed by no more than 21 cwt (1,067 kg) of cast iron. Because of the boiling action, the process came to be known as pig boiling. Bosh cinder, essentially iron oxide, was formed in the water troughs or boshes in which workers cooled their tools used in puddling and reacted with the carbon in the cast iron. The advantages of pig boiling over dry puddling were striking enough for the process to be widely used by the late 1820s. By mid-century it was virtually the only process used for producing wrought iron, an essential material for mechanical and civil engineering during the Industrial Revolution. Hall reckoned that if he had patented his invention he would have "made a million". As luck would have it, the process that he did patent in 1838 left his finances unchanged: this was for the roasting of cinder for use as the base of the puddling furnace, providing better protection than the bosh cinder for the iron plates that formed the base.[br]Bibliography1857, The Iron Question Considered in Connection with Theory, Practice and Experience with Special Reference to the Bessemer Process, London.Further ReadingJ.Percy, 1864, Metallurgy. Iron and Steel, London, pp. 670 ff. W.K.V.Gale, Iron and Steel, London: Longmans, pp. 46–50.LRD -
58 Cort, Henry
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 1740 Lancaster, Englandd. 1800 Hampstead, near London, England[br]English ironmaster, inventor of the puddling process and grooved rollers for forming iron into bars.[br]His father was a mason and brickmaker but, anxious to improve himself, Cort set up in London in 1765 as a navy agent, said to have been a profitable business. He recognized that, at that time, the conversion of pig iron to malleable or wrought iron, which was needed in increasing quantities as developments in industry and mechanical engineering gathered pace, presented a bottleneck in the ironmaking process. The finery hearth was still in use, slow and inefficient and requiring the scarce charcoal as fuel. To tackle this problem, Cort gave up his business and acquired a furnace and slitting mill at Fontley, near Fareham in Hampshire. In 1784 he patented his puddling process, by which molten pig iron on the bed of a reverberatory furnace was stirred with an iron bar and, by the action of the flame and the oxygen in the air, the carbon in the pig iron was oxidized, leaving nearly pure iron, which could be forged to remove slag. In this type of furnace, the fuel and the molten iron were separated, so that the cheaper coal could be used as fuel. It was the stirring action with the iron bar that gave the name "puddling" to the process. Others had realized the problem and reached a similar solution, notably the brothers Thomas and George Cranage, but only Cort succeeded in developing a commercially viable process. The laborious hammering of the ball of iron thus produced was much reduced by an invention of the previous year, 1783. This too was patented. The iron was passed between grooved rollers to form it into bars. Cort entered into an agreement with Samuel Jellico to set up an ironworks at Gosport to exploit his inventions. Samuel's father Adam, Deputy Paymaster of the Navy, advanced capital for this venture, Cort having expended much of his own resources in the experimental work that preceded his inventions. However, it transpired that Jellico senior had, unknown to Cort, used public money to advance the capital; the Admiralty acted to recover the money and Cort lost heavily, including the benefits from his patents. Rival ironmasters were quick to pillage the patents. In 1790, and again the following year, Cort offered unsuccessfully to work for the military. Finally, in 1794, at the instigation of the Prime Minister, William Pitt the Younger, Cort was paid a pension of £200 per year in recognition of the value of his improvements in the technology of ironmaking, although this was reduced by deductions to £160. After his death, the pension to his widow was halved, while some of his children received a pittance. Without the advances made by Cort, however, the iron trade could not have met the rapidly increasing demand for iron during the industrial revolution.[br]Bibliography1787, A Brief State of Facts Relative to the New Method of Making Bar Iron with Raw Pit Coal and Grooved Rollers (held in the Science Museum Library archive collection).Further ReadingH.W.Dickinson, 1941, "Henry Cort's bicentary", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 21: 31–47 (there are further references to grooved rollers and the puddling process in Vol. 49 of the same periodical (1978), on pp. 153–8).R.A.Mott, 1983, Henry Con, the Great Finery Creator of Puddled Iron, Sheffield: Historical Metallurgy Society.LRD -
59 Bessemer, Sir Henry
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 19 January 1813 Charlton (near Hitchin), Hertfordshire, Englandd. 15 January 1898 Denmark Hill, London, England[br]English inventor of the Bessemer steelmaking process.[br]The most valuable part of Bessemer's education took place in the workshop of his inventor father. At the age of only 17 he went to London to seek his fortune and set himself up in the trade of casting art works in white metal. He went on to the embossing of metals and other materials and this led to his first major invention, whereby a date was incorporated in the die for embossing seals, thus preventing the wholesale forgeries that had previously been committed. For this, a grateful Government promised Bessemer a paid position, a promise that was never kept; recognition came only in 1879 with a belated knighthood. Bessemer turned to other inventions, mainly in metalworking, including a process for making bronze powder and gold paint. After he had overcome technical problems, the process became highly profitable, earning him a considerable income during the forty years it was in use.The Crimean War presented inventors such as Bessemer with a challenge when weaknesses in the iron used to make the cannon became apparent. In 1856, at his Baxter House premises in St Paneras, London, he tried fusing cast iron with steel. Noticing the effect of an air current on the molten mixture, he constructed a reaction vessel or converter in which air was blown through molten cast iron. There was a vigorous reaction which nearly burned the house down, and Bessemer found the iron to be almost completely decarburized, without the slag threads always present in wrought iron. Bessemer had in fact invented not only a new process but a new material, mild steel. His paper "On the manufacture of malleable iron and steel without fuel" at the British Association meeting in Cheltenham later that year created a stir. Bessemer was courted by ironmasters to license the process. However, success was short-lived, for they found that phosphorus in the original iron ore passed into the metal and rendered it useless. By chance, Bessemer had used in his trials pig-iron, derived from haematite, a phosphorus-free ore. Bessemer tried hard to overcome the problem, but lacking chemical knowledge he resigned himself to limiting his process to this kind of pig-iron. This limitation was removed in 1879 by Sidney Gilchrist Thomas, who substituted a chemically basic lining in the converter in place of the acid lining used by Bessemer. This reacted with the phosphorus to form a substance that could be tapped off with the slag, leaving the steel free from this harmful element. Even so, the new material had begun to be applied in engineering, especially for railways. The open-hearth process developed by Siemens and the Martin brothers complemented rather than competed with Bessemer steel. The widespread use of the two processes had a revolutionary effect on mechanical and structural engineering and earned Bessemer around £1 million in royalties before the patents expired.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1879. FRS 1879. Royal Society of Arts Albert Gold Medal 1872.Bibliography1905, Sir Henry Bessemer FRS: An Autobiography, London.LRD -
60 Talbot, Benjamin
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 19 September 1864 Wellington, Shropshire, Englandd. 16 December 1947 Solberge Hall, Northallerton, Yorkshire, England[br]Talbot, William Henry Fox English steelmaker and businessman who introduced a technique for producing steel "continuously" in large tilting basic-lined open-hearth furnaces.[br]After spending some years at his father's Castle Ironworks and at Ebbw Vale Works, Talbot travelled to the USA in 1890 to become Superintendent of the Southern Iron and Steel Company of Chattanooga, Tennessee, where he initiated basic open-hearth steelmaking and a preliminary slag washing to remove silicon. In 1893 he moved to Pennsylvania as Steel Superintendent at the Pencoyd works; there, six years later, he began his "continuous" steelmaking process. Returning to Britain in 1900, Talbot marketed the technique: after ten years it was in successful use in Britain, continental Europe and the USA; it promoted the growth of steel production.Meanwhile its originator had joined the Cargo Fleet Iron Company Limited on Teesside, where he was made Managing Director in 1907. Twelve years later he assumed, in addition, the same position in the allied South Durham Steel and Iron Company Limited. While remaining Managing Director, he was appointed Deputy Chairman of both companies in 1925, and Chairman in 1940. The companies he controlled survived the depressed 1920s and 1930s and were significant contributors to British steel output, with a capacity of more than half a million tonnes per year.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, Iron and Steel Institute 1928, and (British) National Federation of Iron and Steel Manufacturers. Iron and Steel Institute (London) Bessemer Gold Medal 1908. Franklin Institute (Philadelphia), Elliott Cresson Gold Medal, and John Scott Medal 1908.Bibliography1900, "The open-hearth continuous steel process", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 57 (1):33–61.1903, "The development of the continuous open-hearth process", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 63(1):57–73.1905, "Segregation in steel ingots", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 68(2):204–23. 1913, "The production of sound steel by lateral compression of the ingot whilst its centre is liquid", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 87(1):30–55.Further ReadingG.Boyce, 1986, entry in Dictionary of Business Biography, Vol. V, ed. J.Jeremy, Butterworth.W.G.Willis, 1969, South Durham Steel and Iron Co. Ltd, South Durham Steel and Iron Company Ltd (includes a few pages specifically on Talbot, and a portrait photo). J.C.Carr and W.Taplin, 1962, History of the British Steel Industry, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press (mentions Talbot's business attitudes).JKA
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