guarantee

obses (old orthogr. opses, in the first Epit. of the Scipios; v. infra; Inscr. Spec. Epigr. p. 5, 11 Jahn), ĭdis ( gen. plur. obsidium, Caes. B. G. 5, 27; 6, 9; Liv. 2, 13, 97), m. and f. [ob-sedeo].

Lit., a hostage:

OPSIDES ABDOVCIT, first Epit. of the Scipios: ut obsides accipere, non dare consueverint,

Caes. B. G. 1, 14; Liv. 34, 35:

obsides alicui imperare,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35:

dedere,

Sall. J. 54, 6:

retinere aliquem obsidem,

as a hostage, Nep. Them. 7, 2.— Fem.:

me tamen acceptā poterat deponere bellum Obside,

Ov. M. 8, 48:

obsides, qui Porsenae mittebantur,

Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:

inter se dare,

to exchange, Caes. B. G. 1, 9.— [p. 1243]

Transf., in gen., a surety, security, bail, pledge (syn.:

sponsor, vindex, vas, praes): Phocion se ejus rei obsidem fore, pollicitus est,

to be surety, to answer for it, Nep. Phoc. 2, 4:

accipere aliquem obsidem nuptiarum,

Cic. Clu. 66, 188:

conjugii,

Ov. H. 2, 34:

rei,

Nep. Phoc. 2, 4: dare obsides, with a foll. acc. and inf., to give a surety or guarantee:

tantum modo oratoribus Metellus obsides non dedit, se nullā in re Verri similem futurum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 53, § 124.—Also of inanim. subjects:

habemus a C. Caesare sententiam tamquam obsidem perpetuae in rem publicam voluntatis,

Cic. Cat. 4, 5, 9; id. Cael. 32, 78; id. Clu. 30, 83; Quint. 12, 7, 3:

obsidem enim se animum ejus habere,

Liv. 39, 47.

obses (old orthogr. opses, in the first Epit. of the Scipios; v. infra; Inscr. Spec. Epigr. p. 5, 11 Jahn), ĭdis ( gen. plur. obsidium, Caes. B. G. 5, 27; 6, 9; Liv. 2, 13, 97), m. and f. [ob-sedeo].

Lit., a hostage:

OPSIDES ABDOVCIT, first Epit. of the Scipios: ut obsides accipere, non dare consueverint,

Caes. B. G. 1, 14; Liv. 34, 35:

obsides alicui imperare,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35:

dedere,

Sall. J. 54, 6:

retinere aliquem obsidem,

as a hostage, Nep. Them. 7, 2.— Fem.:

me tamen acceptā poterat deponere bellum Obside,

Ov. M. 8, 48:

obsides, qui Porsenae mittebantur,

Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:

inter se dare,

to exchange, Caes. B. G. 1, 9.— [p. 1243]

Transf., in gen., a surety, security, bail, pledge (syn.:

sponsor, vindex, vas, praes): Phocion se ejus rei obsidem fore, pollicitus est,

to be surety, to answer for it, Nep. Phoc. 2, 4:

accipere aliquem obsidem nuptiarum,

Cic. Clu. 66, 188:

conjugii,

Ov. H. 2, 34:

rei,

Nep. Phoc. 2, 4: dare obsides, with a foll. acc. and inf., to give a surety or guarantee:

tantum modo oratoribus Metellus obsides non dedit, se nullā in re Verri similem futurum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 53, § 124.—Also of inanim. subjects:

habemus a C. Caesare sententiam tamquam obsidem perpetuae in rem publicam voluntatis,

Cic. Cat. 4, 5, 9; id. Cael. 32, 78; id. Clu. 30, 83; Quint. 12, 7, 3:

obsidem enim se animum ejus habere,

Liv. 39, 47.

pignus, ŏris and ĕris (old form in plur.:

pignosa pignora eodem modo quo valesii, auselii... dicebantur,

Fest. p. 213 Müll.), n. [root pac-, of pango; cf. paciscor], a pledge, gage, pawn, security, mortgage (of persons as well as things).

Lit.:

opponere se pigneri,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 85:

ager oppositus est pignori,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 56:

servus, quem hic reliqueram Pignus pro me,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 19:

quo facto pignore animos centurionum devinxit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 39:

rem alicujus pignori accipere,

Tac. H. 3, 65:

pignora apud se deposita persequi et vindicare,

Paul. Sent. 5, 26, 4:

sub pignoribus mutuas pecunias accipere,

Dig. 13, 7, 12:

habere aliquid pignori,

ib. 20, 4, 2:

liberare pignus a creditore,

ib. 20, 4, 4:

pignoribus cavere alicui,

ib. 43, 3, 2: aurum [p. 1376] pignori apud aliquem ponere, ib. 13, 7, 27:

viginti milia faenus pignoribus positis,

income from mortgages, Juv. 9, 141.—Esp., of the security for the payment of his fine, which was taken by the consul of a senator who failed to attend in the Senate:

pignus auferre,

Cic. de Or. 3, 1, 4: pignoribus terreri, Crass. ib.; so,

senatores pignoribus cogere,

Cic. Phil. 1, 5, 12:

pignora capere,

Liv. 3, 38, 12;

of hostages,

id. 33, 22:

marium pignora,

male hostages, Suet. Aug. 21: pignus praetorium, the security which the prœtor took as a guarantee for the preservation of a thing when he put it in the possession of a creditor, or fidei commissarius, Dig. 13, 7, 26; 41, 5, 12.—

Esp., in phrases.

Pignus capere, to take a pledge or security for payment:

certis verbis pignus capiebatur,

Gai. Inst. 4, 29; 26 al.—

Pignora capere, to issue execution, make seizure of property:

Vettium, pignoribus captis, cojecit in carcerem,

Suet. Caes. 17:

eorum, qui debita confessi sunt, pignora capi et distrahi possunt,

Paul. Sent. 5, 5 A, 4:

per vim debitoris sui pignora, cum non haberet obligata, capere,

id. ib. 5, 26, 4.—

Pignoris capio, a proceeding by which the summary collection of certain debts was secured, Gai. Inst. 4, 26 (v. Sandars ad Just. Inst. introd. § 96).—

Transf.

The object of a wager, a wager, stake:

da pignus, ni ea sit filia,

lay a wager, bet, Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 34; so id. ib. 36:

cum illo dare,

id. Bacch. 4, 9, 133:

pignore certare cum aliquo,

Verg. E. 3, 31:

quovis pignore contendere,

to lay any wager, bet any thing, Cat. 44, 4:

et quaerit posito pignore vincat uter,

Ov. A. A. 1, 168:

in quodvis pignus vocare, ni, etc.,

Gell. 5, 4, 2:

ponere pignus cum aliquo de re aliquā,

Val. Max. 4, 3, 3.—

A contract in which security is given, Dig. 13, 7, 1; 20, 6, 3.—

Trop.

A pledge, token, assurance, proof:

magnum pignus ab eo rei publicae datum, se, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 1, 2, 4:

pignora voluntatis,

id. Cael. 32, 78:

injuriae,

id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:

societatis,

Tac. H. 4, 61:

sceleris,

id. ib. 4, 57:

imperii,

id. ib. 3, 72:

reconciliatae gratiae pignus,

Curt. 6, 7, 35:

pignora da, genitor, per quae tua vera propago Credar,

sure tokens, Ov. M. 2, 38; 5, 247; 7, 497:

in vultu pignora mentis habet,

id. A. A. 2, 378:

digito pignus fortasse dedisti,

i. e. a ring, Juv. 6, 27.—

Concr.

Children, parents, brothers and sisters, relatives, as pledges of love (only after the Aug. period):

nunc tibi commendo communia pignora, natos,

Prop. 4 (5), 11, 73; Ov. M. 11, 543:

prolemque gemellam Pignora bina dedi,

id. H. 6, 121:

tot natos natasque et pignora cara nepotes,

id. M. 3, 134:

ascita pignora,

Stat. S. 2, 1, 86:

pignora conjugum ac liberorum,

Liv. 2, 1, 5:

obsecratio illa judicum, per carissima pignora, utique, si et reo sint liberi, conjux, parentes, utilis erit,

Quint. 6, 1, 33:

habens filiam, uxorem, nepotem, sorores, interque tot pignora veros amicos,

Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 3; Tac. A. 12, 2:

proxima pignora,

id. ib. 15, 36:

ne in conjugem, in familiam, in cetera pignora ejus saeviret,

id. ib. 16, 26; id. G. 7:

frangi aspectu pignorum suorum,

id. Agr. 38.—Hence, in gen.,

Any thing especially valuable or dear:

si quis post pignera tanta Pompeio locus est,

Luc. 7, 376.—

Poet. transf., a graft, scion, Pall. Insit. 109.

sēcūrĭtas, ātis, f. [securus], freedom from care, unconcern, composure.

Lit.

In a good sense (class.): Democriti securitas, quae est animi tamquam tranquillitas, quam appellavit euthumian, eo separanda fuit ab hac disputatione, quia ista animi tranquillitas ea ipsa est beata vita, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 23:

securitatem nunc appello vacuitatem aegritudinis, in quā vita beata posita est,

id. Tusc. 5, 15, 42:

vacandum omni est animi perturbatione, ut tranquillitas animi et securitas assit, quae affert cum constantiam tum etiam dignitatem,

id. Off. 1, 21, 69:

beatam vitam in animi securitate et in omnium vacatione munerum ponimus,

id. N. D. 1, 20, 53; id. Lael. 15, 45 and 47; id. Att. 4, 16, 10; Liv. 36, 41; Cels. 4, 4 fin.; Quint. 5, 13, 52 (opp. cura); Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 12 (opp. timor); 7, 6, 14; 7, 10, 60; Tac. A. 3, 44; 11, 3 fin.; Sen. Ep. 105, 7:

securitas inaffectatae orationis,

quietness, Quint. 11, 1, 93; cf.:

vocis ac vultus,

Tac. A. 15, 55.— Plur. (opp. curae):

somno ac securitatibus jam dudum hoc fuit,

Plin. 23, 1, 23, § 41.—With gen. obj.:

operosissima securitas mortis in M. Ofilio Hilaro ab antiquis traditur,

Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 184.—

In a bad sense, carelessness, heedlessness, negligence (not till after the Aug. period;

syn. incuria): neminem celerius opprimi quam qui nihil timeret et frequentissimum initium esse calamitatis securitatem,

Vell. 2, 118, 2:

res altera taedium laboris, altera securitatem parit,

Quint. 2, 2, 6; 2, 5, 13; 2, 3, 4; 4, 1, 55; 6, 1, 34; 6, 3, 62; Tac. H. 3, 83; Gell. 1, 15, 2; 4, 20, 8.—With gen. obj.:

memoriae plerumque inhaeret fidelius, quod nullā scribendi securitate laxatur,

Quint. 10, 6, 2.—

Transf., object., freedom from danger, safety, security (not till after the Aug. period):

cum innumerabilia sint mortis signa, salutis securitatisque nulla sunt,

Plin. 7, 51, 52, § 171:

securitatis urbanae custos,

Vell. 2, 98, 1:

securitas securitate mutuā persciscenda est,

Sen. Clem. 1, 19, 5; cf.:

securitati ante quam vindictae consulere,

Tac. A. 11, 31:

perpetua Romani imperii,

Vell. 2, 103, 3:

tutela securitatis,

id. 2, 128, 3:

nec spem modo ac votum securitas publica, sed ipsius voti fiduciam assumserit,

Tac. Agr. 3:

itinerum,

Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 21:

annonae,

Tac. A. 15, 18:

somnum a repentinā securitate datum,

Just. 11, 13, 3:

dextras securitatis,

a safe conduct, Vulg. 2 Macc. 11, 30.—Hence, SECVRITAS, personified as the tutelary goddess of the Roman State, Inscr. Orell. 1830 and 1831.—

Mercant. t. t., a guarantee, security for a debt or obligation (by hypothecation, mortgage; by receipt or acknowledgment, etc.): id quod sibi debetur, consequi debet vel ejus securitatem, Dig. 27, 4, 1 fin.—Plur., Amm. 17, 10, 4; Symm. Ep. 10, 43 fin.

sponsĭo, ōnis, f. [spondeo], jurid. and publicists' t. t., a solemn promise or engagement to some performance (in bargains, covenants, treaties, etc.); a promise, guarantee, security, sponsion for any one (freq. and class.; cf.: pactio, foedus).

In gen.:

sponsio appellatur omnis stipulatio promissioque,

Dig. 50, 16, 7:

voti sponsio, quā obligamur deo,

Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 41:

Scandilium cogis sponsionem acceptam facere,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 139:

per inducias sponsionem faciunt, uti, etc.,

made an agreement, Sall. J. 79, 4:

non foedere pax Caudina sed per sponsionem facta est,

by giving surety, Liv. 9, 5, 2:

sponsione se obstringere,

id. 9, 8, 4:

sponsionem interponere,

id. 9, 9, 4; and:

tunc sponsio et pax repudietur... nec populus Romanus consulum sponsionem nec nos fidem populi Romani accusemus,

id. 9, 11, 5:

Ocriculani sponsione in amicitiam accepti,

id. 9, 41, 20; 39, 43, 5 (but Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 26, is spurious; v. Ritschl ad h. l.).—

In partic., in civil suits, a mutual agreement or stipulation of the parties, that he who loses should pay a certain sum to him who gains the cause, a sort of wager at law: per sponsionem hoc modo agimus;

provocamus adversarium tali sponsione: si homo quo de agitur ex jure Quiritium meus est, sestertios XXV. nummos dare spondes?

Gai. Inst. 4, 93:

condicio Quintio fertur, ut, si id factum negaret ceteraque, quae objecisset, sponsione defenderet sese,

Liv. 39, 43, 5:

in probrum suum sponsionem factam,

id. 40, 46, 14; hence, sponsio (sponsionem facere) si non (ni), a wager that, to agree to make a payment if not:

ut sponsionem facere possent, ni adversus edictum praetoris vis facta esset,

Cic. Caecin. 16, 45:

sponsio est, ni te Apronius socium in decumis esse dicat,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 59, § 135:

sponsionem milium nummūm facere cum lictore suo, ni furtis quaestum faceret,

id. ib. 2, 5, 54, § 131; cf.:

jubet Quinctium sponsionem cum Sex. Naevio facere, si bona sua ex edicto dies XXX. possessa non essent,

id. Quint. 8, 30; id. Fam. 7, 21 init.; id. Pis. 23, 55:

sponsione optime facere posse,

id. Caecin. 16, 45; id. Off. 3, 19, 77:

Apronium sponsione lacessivit,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 57, § 132:

sponsione vincere,

id. Quint. 27, 84.—Post-class., with quod:

de sponsione quam is cum adversario, quod vir bonus esset, fecerat,

Val. Max. 7, 2, 4:

sponsionem provocare, quod, etc.,

id. 2, 8, 2; 6, 1, 10.—With acc. and inf.:

Cleopatra sponsione revocavit, insumere se posse, etc.,

Macr. S. 2, 13.—

Hence, in gen., a bet, betting:

audax,

Juv. 11, 202.—

Meton., a sum of money deposited according to agreement, a stake, acc. to Varr L. L. 6, § 70 Müll.