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1 грамматики
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2 gramatiky
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3 guaraní
adj.Guarani.f. & m.Guarani, member of the Guarani Indians of Paraguay.* * *1.ADJ SMF Guarani2.SM (Ling) GuaraniGUARANÍ Guaraní is an American Indian language of the tupí-guaraní family and is widely spoken in Paraguay, Brazil, Argentina and Bolivia. In Paraguay it is the majority language and has equal official status with Spanish, which is spoken mainly by non-Indians. In parts of southern Brazil, tupí-guaraní is the basis for a pidgin known as Língua Geral, now losing ground to Portuguese. From guaraní and its sister dialect tupí come words like "jaguar", "tapir", "toucan" and "tapioca".* * *Iadjetivo/masculino, femenino GuaraniII •• Cultural note:The name of a people who lived between the rivers Amazon and Plate, and their language. The Guarani language is an official language in Paraguay. It is also spoken in parts of Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil. The Jesuit missionaries in Paraguay wrote Guarani dictionaries and grammars, hymns and catechisms. Guarani acquired a symbolic status in Paraguay during the Chaco War with Bolivia, 1932-35. Today many Paraguayans with hardly any indigenous blood speak Guarani better than Spanish* * *Iadjetivo/masculino, femenino GuaraniII •• Cultural note:The name of a people who lived between the rivers Amazon and Plate, and their language. The Guarani language is an official language in Paraguay. It is also spoken in parts of Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil. The Jesuit missionaries in Paraguay wrote Guarani dictionaries and grammars, hymns and catechisms. Guarani acquired a symbolic status in Paraguay during the Chaco War with Bolivia, 1932-35. Today many Paraguayans with hardly any indigenous blood speak Guarani better than Spanish* * *Guaraniguaraní (↑ guaraní a1)A (persona) GuaraniB1 (idioma) Guarani2 (moneda) guaraniThe name of a people who lived between the rivers Amazon and Plate, and their language.The Guarani language is an official language in Paraguay. It is also spoken in parts of Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil. The Jesuit missionaries in Paraguay wrote Guarani dictionaries and grammars, hymns and catechisms. Guarani acquired a symbolic status in Paraguay during the Chaco War with Bolivia, 1932-35. Today many Paraguayans with hardly any indigenous blood speak Guarani better than Spanish.* * *
guaraní adjetivo/ sustantivo masculino, femenino
Guarani
■ sustantivo masculino ( idioma) Guarani
' guaraní' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
céntimo
* * *♦ adjGuarani♦ nmf[persona] Guarani♦ nm1. [lengua] Guarani2. [moneda] guaraniGUARANÍParaguay is the only Latin American country where an indigenous language is used as widely as Spanish. Guaraní was the language spoken by the main indigenous people at the time of the Spanish conquest. The process of racial mixing between Spaniard and Guarani over centuries has resulted in a population that is largely bilingual. In the major urban areas about half the population are able to use both languages freely, while in rural areas Guarani speakers predominate. Spanish is the language of the press and education, but Guarani has had a great influence on the vocabulary of Spanish speakers, and this has given rise to a so-called “guarañol”, a hybrid of both languages.* * *m FIN guaraní* * *guaraní adj & nmf: Guaraniguaraní nm: Guarani (language of Paraguay) -
4 sarufi
------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] sarufi[Swahili Plural] sarufi[English Word] grammar[English Plural] grammars[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[Derived Language] Arabic[Terminology] grammar------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] kitabu cha sarufi[Swahili Plural] vitabu vya sarufi[English Word] grammar (book)[English Plural] grammars[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8[Related Words] kitabu------------------------------------------------------------ -
5 उत्तमपुरुष
ut-tamá-purusham. the last person in verbal conjugation i.e. « I, we two, we» (= in European grammars the first person, our third person being regarded in Hindū grammars as the prathama-purusha q.v.;
cf. alsoﾠ madhyama-purusha) Nir. Kāṡ. etc.;
the Supreme Spirit. ChUp. Gaut. etc.
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6 padežna gramatika
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7 gramática de dos niveles
• two-level grammars• van Wijngaarden grammars• vulva• vying• W.Va.Diccionario Técnico Español-Inglés > gramática de dos niveles
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8 gramáticas de van Wijngaarden
• two-level grammars• van Wijngaarden grammars• vulva• vying• W.Va.Diccionario Técnico Español-Inglés > gramáticas de van Wijngaarden
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9 Automata
Nature (the Art whereby God hath made and governes the World) is by the Art of man, as in many other things, so in this also imitated, that it can make an Artificial Animal. For seeing life is but a motion of Limbs, the begining whereof is in some principall part within; why may we not say, that all Automata (Engines that move themselves by springs and wheeles as doth a watch) have an artificial life? For what is the Heart, but a Spring; and the Nerves, but so many Strings; and the Joynts, but so many Wheeles giving motion to the whole Body, such as was intended by the Artificer? Art goes yet further, imitating that Rationall and most excellent worke of Nature, Man. For by Art is created that great LEVIATHAN called a COMMON-WEALTH or STATE (in Latine CIVITAS) which is but an Artificiall Man; though of greater stature and strength than the Naturall, for whose protection and defence it was intended; and in which, the Soveraignty is an Artificiall Soul, as giving life and motion to the whole body. (Hobbes, 1651, p. 1)It is a basic premise of automata that every procedure, no matter how complex, can be decomposed into a series of these elementary operations [that the automaton can perform]. (Wall, 1972, p. 254)The theory of automata and the theory of formal grammars are isomorphic in most important respects. (Wall, 1972, p. 254)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Automata
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10 Grammar
I think that the failure to offer a precise account of the notion "grammar" is not just a superficial defect in linguistic theory that can be remedied by adding one more definition. It seems to me that until this notion is clarified, no part of linguistic theory can achieve anything like a satisfactory development.... I have been discussing a grammar of a particular language here as analogous to a particular scientific theory, dealing with its subject matter (the set of sentences of this language) much as embryology or physics deals with its subject matter. (Chomsky, 1964, p. 213)Obviously, every speaker of a language has mastered and internalized a generative grammar that expresses his knowledge of his language. This is not to say that he is aware of the rules of grammar or even that he can become aware of them, or that his statements about his intuitive knowledge of his language are necessarily accurate. (Chomsky, 1965, p. 8)Much effort has been devoted to showing that the class of possible transformations can be substantially reduced without loss of descriptive power through the discovery of quite general conditions that all such rules and the representations they operate on and form must meet.... [The] transformational rules, at least for a substantial core grammar, can be reduced to the single rule, "Move alpha" (that is, "move any category anywhere"). (Mehler, Walker & Garrett, 1982, p. 21)4) The Relationship of Transformational Grammar to Semantics and to Human Performancehe implications of assuming a semantic memory for what we might call "generative psycholinguistics" are: that dichotomous judgments of semantic well-formedness versus anomaly are not essential or inherent to language performance; that the transformational component of a grammar is the part most relevant to performance models; that a generative grammar's role should be viewed as restricted to language production, whereas sentence understanding should be treated as a problem of extracting a cognitive representation of a text's message; that until some theoretical notion of cognitive representation is incorporated into linguistic conceptions, they are unlikely to provide either powerful language-processing programs or psychologically relevant theories.Although these implications conflict with the way others have viewed the relationship of transformational grammars to semantics and to human performance, they do not eliminate the importance of such grammars to psychologists, an importance stressed in, and indeed largely created by, the work of Chomsky. It is precisely because of a growing interdependence between such linguistic theory and psychological performance models that their relationship needs to be clarified. (Quillian, 1968, p. 260)here are some terminological distinctions that are crucial to explain, or else confusions can easily arise. In the formal study of grammar, a language is defined as a set of sentences, possibly infinite, where each sentence is a string of symbols or words. One can think of each sentence as having several representations linked together: one for its sound pattern, one for its meaning, one for the string of words constituting it, possibly others for other data structures such as the "surface structure" and "deep structure" that are held to mediate the mapping between sound and meaning. Because no finite system can store an infinite number of sentences, and because humans in particular are clearly not pullstring dolls that emit sentences from a finite stored list, one must explain human language abilities by imputing to them a grammar, which in the technical sense is a finite rule system, or programme, or circuit design, capable of generating and recognizing the sentences of a particular language. This "mental grammar" or "psychogrammar" is the neural system that allows us to speak and understand the possible word sequences of our native tongue. A grammar for a specific language is obviously acquired by a human during childhood, but there must be neural circuitry that actually carries out the acquisition process in the child, and this circuitry may be called the language faculty or language acquisition device. An important part of the language faculty is universal grammar, an implementation of a set of principles or constraints that govern the possible form of any human grammar. (Pinker, 1996, p. 263)A grammar of language L is essentially a theory of L. Any scientific theory is based on a finite number of observations, and it seeks to relate the observed phenomena and to predict new phenomena by constructing general laws in terms of hypothetical constructs.... Similarly a grammar of English is based on a finite corpus of utterances (observations), and it will contain certain grammatical rules (laws) stated in terms of the particular phonemes, phrases, etc., of English (hypothetical constructs). These rules express structural relations among the sentences of the corpus and the infinite number of sentences generated by the grammar beyond the corpus (predictions). (Chomsky, 1957, p. 49)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Grammar
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11 грамматики свойств
Programming: property grammarsУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > грамматики свойств
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12 грамматики слабого предшествования
Programming: weak precedence grammarsУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > грамматики слабого предшествования
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13 контекстно-свободные грамматики
Programming: context-free grammarsУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > контекстно-свободные грамматики
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14 контекстно-свободные грамматики и регулярные выражения
Programming: context-free grammars versus regular expressionsУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > контекстно-свободные грамматики и регулярные выражения
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15 механическое построение анализаторов Флойда-Эванса для грамматик слабого предшествования
General subject: mechanical generation of Floyd-Evans parsers for weak precedence grammars (относится к теории синтаксического анализа, перевода и компиляции)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > механическое построение анализаторов Флойда-Эванса для грамматик слабого предшествования
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16 нормальные формы контекстно-свободных грамматик
Programming: normal forms for context-free grammarsУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > нормальные формы контекстно-свободных грамматик
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17 образцы грамматик
Programming: representative grammars -
18 определения грамматик
Programming: definition of grammarsУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > определения грамматик
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19 размытые грамматики
Linguistics: fuzzy grammarsУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > размытые грамматики
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20 реализация грамматик свойств
Programming: implementation of property grammarsУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > реализация грамматик свойств
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См. также в других словарях:
grammars — gram·mar || græmÉ™(r) n. study of the structure of a language … English contemporary dictionary
Montague grammars — Montague grammar … Philosophy dictionary
Controlled grammar — Controlled grammars[1] are a class of grammars that extend, usually, the context free grammars with additional controls on the derivations of a sentence in the language. A number of different kinds of controlled grammars exist, the four main… … Wikipedia
Adaptive grammar — An adaptive grammar is a formal grammar that explicitly provides mechanisms within the formalism to allow its own production rules to be manipulated. Contents 1 Overview 1.1 Early history 1.2 Collaborative efforts … Wikipedia
Context-free grammar — In formal language theory, a context free grammar (CFG) is a formal grammar in which every production rule is of the form V → w where V is a single nonterminal symbol, and w is a string of terminals and/or nonterminals (w can be empty). The… … Wikipedia
Definite clause grammar — A definite clause grammar (DCG) is a way of expressing grammar, either for natural or formal languages, in a logic programming language such as Prolog. DCGs are usually associated with Prolog, but similar languages such as Mercury also include… … Wikipedia
automata theory — Body of physical and logical principles underlying the operation of any electromechanical device (an automaton) that converts information input in one form into another, or into some action, according to an algorithm. Norbert Wiener and Alan M.… … Universalium
Chomsky hierarchy — Within the field of computer science, specifically in the area of formal languages, the Chomsky hierarchy (occasionally referred to as Chomsky–Schützenberger hierarchy) is a containment hierarchy of classes of formal grammars. This hierarchy of… … Wikipedia
Conjunctive grammar — Conjunctive grammars are a class of formal grammars studied in formal language theory. They extend the basic type of grammars, the context free grammars, with a conjunction operation. Besides explicit conjunction, conjunctive grammars allow… … Wikipedia
Formal grammar — In formal semantics, computer science and linguistics, a formal grammar (also called formation rules) is a precise description of a formal language ndash; that is, of a set of strings over some alphabet. In other words, a grammar describes which… … Wikipedia
DC-грамматика — Грамматика, построенная на определённых предложениях (сокр. DC грамматика, DCG; от англ. Definite clause grammar) это способ построения грамматики в логических языках программирования, например, Пролог. DC грамматика обычно… … Википедия
